- What is the verb of the word ‘antagonism’? a. antagonistic b. antagonisely c. antagonistically d. antagonise
- What is the verb of the word ‘ability’? a. ableness b. enable c. ably d. able
- What is the verb of the word ‘able’? a. ability b. enable c. able d. disable
- What is the verb of the word ‘act’? a. Enact b. Inact c. Acted d. Acting
- Which is the verb of the word ‘apology’? a. aopologizing b. apology c. apologise d. apologist
- What is the noun of ‘Admit’? a. admission b. admittance c. admissible d. admitted
- What is the noun of ‘Accept’? a. acceptance b. accepted c. acception d. acceptable
- What is the verb of the word ‘Bitter’? a. Bitter b. Bitterness c. Embitter d. Bitterify
- The verb of ‘beauty’ is- a. beautician b. beautify c. beautiful d. beautification
- Which is the noun of the word ‘beautiful’? a. beauty b. beautify c. beauteous d. beautific
- The correct noun of ‘break’ is- a. breach b. broker c. breakable d. breaking
- What is the verb of ‘courage’? a. encourage b. courageous c. courageful d. courage
- Adjective of the word ‘corruption’ – a. corrupt b. corrupted c. corruptly d. corrupting
- Adjective of ‘circle’ is- a. encircle b. circular c. circuler d. circle
- Which is the adjective of the word ‘contempt’? a. contemptible b. contempting c. contemption d. contemptable
- Which is the verb of the word ‘danger’? a. danger b. dangerous c. dangering d. engender
- The noun of ‘depart’ is- a. department b. depart c. departure d. departing
- Verb of the word ‘economy’ is- a. economic b. economical c. economically d. economize
- Which is the adjective of the word ‘befool’? a. fool b. befoolen c. foolish d. fooler
- Choose the adjective of ‘friendly’. a. friendship b. frank c. friendly d. befriend
- What is the verb of the word ‘friend’? a. friendship b. frank c. friendly d. befriend
- Which is the verb of the word ‘ fool’? a. foolish b. foolishness c. fooled d. befool
- Verb of the word ‘false’ is- a. falsify b. falsehood c. falsity d. none
- The adverb form of the word ‘heart’ is- a. heartened b. heartily c. hearty d. heartening
- What is the adjective of the ‘heart’? a. hearten b. heartening c. heartfulness d. heartful
- What is the adjective of ‘information’? a. informal b. informative c. informed d. information
- Verb of the word ‘justification’ is- a. justice b. justify c. justifiably d. none
- What is the noun of ‘know’? a. knowing b. known c. knowable d. knowledge
- Which is verb of the word ‘life’? a. enlife b. living c. live d. vivid
- What is the noun of ‘long’? a. longness b. longy c. length d. large
- Which is verb of the word ‘Loss’? a. lost b. lose c. loose d. losing
- What is the verb of ‘number’? a. number b. enumerate c. numerical d. numbering
- Adjective of ‘obey’ is- a. obey b. obedient c. obedience d. none
- The adjective of ‘prevention’ is- a. prevent b. preventable c. preventive d. preventing
- Adjective of ‘people’ is- a. popularity b. populous c. people d. popularize
- Verb of ‘popular’ is- a. popularity b. population c. popularize d. populate
- Verb form of ‘poverty’ is- a. poverty b. provertize c. impoverish d. none
- The verb form of the word ‘poor’ is- a. poorify b. poority c. impoverish d. poverty
- The noun form of the word ‘poor’ is- a. poorify b. poority c. impoverish d. poverty
- What is the verb of ‘success’? a. succeed b. successful c. prosperity d. succession
- What is the verb of the word ‘shortly’? a. short b. shorten c. shorter d. shorter
- Verb of the word ‘simplification’ is- a. simply b. simplicity c. simplistic d. simplify
- What is the adjective of ‘tax’? a. taxable b. taxation c. taxability d. taxing
- The correct verb form of the word ‘valid’ is- a. validify b. validize c. validate d. envalidate
- Adjective form of ‘voice’ is- a. voice b. vocal c. vocally d. voiced
- What is the noun of the word ‘waste’? a. wastage b. waste c. wasting d. wasteful
- What is the verb form of the word ‘acquisition’ a) Acquiesce b) Acquisite c) Acquire d) Acquirement
- Find out the adverb of the word ‘awe’ – a) aweful b) awesome c) awefully d) awefulness
- What is the verb of the word ‘antagonism’? a) antagonistic b) antagonisely c) antagonise d) antagonistically
- What is the verb of ‘able’? a) ability b) enable c) able d) disable
- What is the verb of the word ‘ability’? a) ableness b) enable c) ably d) able
- What is the verb of the word ‘act’? a) Enact b) Inact c) Acted d) Acting
- What is the noun of the word ‘Accept’? a) Acceptance b) Accepted c) Acception d) Acceptable
- The adjective of the word ‘authority’ is – a) authoritative b) author c) authorise d) authoritatively
- Which is the noun of the word ‘brief’? a) Brevity b) Short c) Briefly d) Briefing
- Which is the noun of the word ‘beautiful’? a) beauty b) beautify c) beauteous d) beautific
- What is the adjective of ‘break’? a) Breaker b) Breaking c) Breach d) Breakable
- The adjective of the word ‘Blood’ is – a) Blood b) Bloody c) Bloodshed d) Bleeding
- What is the noun form of the word ‘compete’ a) Competence b) Competition c) Competent d) Competitioner
- Adjective of the word ‘corruption’ a) corrupt b) corrupted c) corruptly d) corrupting
- The adjective of the word ‘climax’ is- a) climatic b) climatical c) climatics d) climacteric
- Select the adjective of ‘Comparably’. a) Comparatively b) Comparable c) Compare d) Comparability
- Adverb form of the word ‘confide’ – a) confidential b) confidence c) confident d) confidingly
- Adjective of ‘circle’ is- a) Encircle b) Circular c) Circuler d) Circle
- Differentiate is a) noun b) adjective c) adverb d) verb
- The noun of ‘depart’ is – a) department b) depart c) departure d) departing
- Which is the verb of the word ‘danger’? a) Danger b) Dangerous c) Dangering d) Endanger
- Which form of the words is an adjective? a) defy b) defiant c) defiance d) none
- Verb of the word ‘economy’ is – a) economic b) economical c) economically d) economize
- Adjective of the word Envy a) Envity b) Envious c) Jealous d) Enviable
- Adjective of the word ‘enemy’ is – a) jealous b) animosity c) inimical d) enmity
- Which is the adjective of the word ‘befool’? a) fool b) befoolen c) foolish d) fooler
- The verb word of the noun “friend” is —– a) friendship b) frank c) friendly d) befriend
- The noun of the word ‘glorify’ – a) glory b) glorious c) gloriously d) none of these
- The adverb form of the word ‘heart’ is- a) heartened b) heartily c) hearty d) heartening
- What is the adjective of the word ‘heart’? a) heart b) hearten c) heartening d) heartful
- The verb of “hallucination” is – a) hallucinatory b) hallucinogen c) hallucine d) hallucinate
- The adjective of the word ‘instant’ is – a) instantaneous b) instantly c) instance d) none
- What is the noun of ‘innocent’? a) innocently b) innocence c) innocentful d) innocentness
- What is the noun of ‘know’? a) Knowing b) Known c) Knowable d) Knowledge
- Change the verb ‘Lose’ into noun – a) lost b) loose c) loss d) losing
- What is the noun of “long”? a) Length b) Longer c) Lengthier d) Lengthen
- Which is the verb of the word ‘Life’? a) Enlife b) Living c) Live d) Vividr
- The adjective of the word ‘mountain’ is – a) mounting b) mountainous c) mountic d) mountainly
- What is the verb of ‘Number’? a) Number b) Enumerate c) Numerical d) Numbering
- Which is the noun of the word ‘oblige’? a) obliged b) obliging c) obligatory d) obligation
- Adjective of the word ‘people’ is – a) Popularity b) Populous c) Peoples d) Popularize
- What is the verb form of ‘person’ is – a) personed b) emperson c) personify d) none of these
- Which one is the verb of the word ‘peace’? a) peaceful b) pacify c) impeace d) peace-loving
- Which is the verb of the word ‘public’? a) Publicity b) Publish c) Press d) Publicise
- Which form of the following is an adjective? a) Resolve b) Resolute c) Resolution d) Resolutely
- The verb of the word ‘response’ is – a) responsible b) respondent c) respond d) responsibility
- The noun form of the word “repeat” is- a) repeatance b) repeation c) repeatation d) repetition
- Adverb of ‘strengthen’ is- a) strong b) stronger c) strongly d) strengthen
- What is the verb of ‘success ’? a) succeed b) successful c) prosperity d) succession
- The word ‘subtantiate’ is a/an- a) verb b) adjective c) noun d) adverb
- “See” Noun —- a) sight b) sought c) seen d) scene
- Which one is the noun? a) See b) Saw c) Seen d) No one is given
- Verb of the word ‘Sale’is — a) Sold b) Sell c) Salling d) Sale
- Which one is the correct noun form of “sure”? a) Surety b) Sure c) Surely d) Sureness
- The noun form of ‘usually’ is- a) useful b) usual c) usualness d) as usual
- The noun form of the word ‘vary’ is- a) Variation b) Varied c) Variable d) Varied point
- Noun of the wod ‘vain’ is- a) vanity b) vain c) vainity d) vainly
- What is the adjective of ‘voice’? a) Voice b) Vocal c) Vocally d) Voiced
- The noun form of the word ‘weigh’ is- a) wait b) weight c) wet d) waight
- What is the noun of the word ‘Waste’? a) wastage b) waste c) wasting d) wasteful
- What is the verb of the word ‘guest’? a) guestify b) entertain c) hospitality d) hospitalize
- Which is the noun of the word ‘Do’? a) Deed b) Did c) Done d) Doing
- Choose the odd pair: a) study: studious b) prove: proof c) live: life d) examine: examination
- What is the adjective of ‘Study’ a) Studious b) Perserving c) Stupidity d) Study
- What is the adjective of ‘Passion’ a) Passionful b) Pastoral c) Emanation d) Passionate
- What is the adjective ‘ Might’? a) Mightous b) Mighty c) Mightful d) Mightier
- What is the adjective ‘child ‘? —- a) Childhood b) Childly c) Childish d) Children
- Noun form of ‘Young’ is – a) younger b) youth c) youngest d) tender
- The noun form of “grand” is- a) grandness b) grandsome c) grandeur d) grand
- The verb form of ‘Full’ is a) Filled b) Fulfillment c) Full d) Fill
- What is the verb form of the word ‘fresh’? a) freshen b) enfresh c) freshy d) defresh
- Verb of the word ‘new’ is- a) anew b) newness c) newly d) renew
- Verb of ‘bath’ – a) Bathed b) Bathing c) Bathe d) beath
Month: April 2024
Interchange of Part of Speech
| Nouns | Verbs | Adjectives | Adverbs |
| ability | enable | able | ably |
| absence | absent | absent | absently |
| abundance | abound | abundant | abundantly |
| action, activity | act | active | actively |
| addition | add | additional | additionally |
| adjustment | adjust | adjustable | – |
| admiration | admire | admirable | admirably |
| admission, admittance | admit | admissible | admittedly |
| advice | advise | advisable | advisably |
| agreement | agree | agreeable | agreeably |
| allowance | allow | allowable | allowably |
| alteration | alter | alternative, alternate | alternatively |
| ambition | – | ambitious | ambitiously |
| analysis | analyse | analytical | analytically |
| anger | anger | angry | angrily |
| anxiety | – | anxious | anxiously |
| apology | apologize | apologetic | apologetically |
| applause | applaud | applausive | applaudingly |
| application | apply | applicable | – |
| appreciation | appreciate | appreciative | appreciable |
| argument | argue | arguable | arguably |
| art | – | artistic | artistically |
| association | associate | associable | – |
| astonishment | astonish | astonishing | astonishingly |
| attention | attend | attentive | attentively |
| attraction | attract | attractive | attractively |
| availability | avail | available | availably |
| awe | awe | awful | awfully |
| Nouns | Verbs | Adjectives | Adverbs |
| base, basis | base | basic | basically |
| beauty, beautification | beautify | beautiful | beautifully |
| beggar | beg | beggarly | beggingly |
| belief | believe | believable | believably |
| benefit | benefit | beneficial | beneficially |
| biology | – | biological | biologically |
| bitterness | embitter | bitter | bitterly |
| blame | blame | blameless | blamelessly |
| blood | bleed | bloody | bloodily |
| body | embody | bodied, bodily | – |
| boast | boast | boastful | boastfully |
| break, breakage | break | breakable | – |
| brightness | brighten | bright | brightly |
| broadness, breadth | broaden | broad | broadly |
| burial | bury | buried | – |
| business | busy | busy | busily |
| Nouns | Verbs | Adjectives | Adverb |
| calm, calmness | calm | calm | calmly |
| care | care | careful | carefully |
| carriage | carry | carriageable | – |
| celebrity, celebration | celebrate | celebrated | – |
| centre | centralize | central | centrally |
| ceremony | – | ceremonial | ceremonially |
| certainty | ascertain | certain | certainly |
| certificate | certify | certificated | – |
| change | change | changeable, changeful | changeably |
| cheer, cheerfulness | cheer | cheerful | cheerfully |
| choice | choose | chosen | – |
| clearness, clearance, clarification | clear, clarify | clear | clearly |
| coldness | cool | cold | coldly |
| collection | collect | collective | collectively |
| comfort | comfort | comfortable | comfortably |
| commitment | commit | committed | – |
| competition | compete | competitive | competitively |
| completion | complete | complete | completely |
| compulsion | compel | compulsive | compulsively |
| congratulation | congratulate | congratulatory | – |
| control | control | controllable | – |
| courage | encourage | courageous | courageously |
| creation, creature | create | creative | creatively |
| credit | credit | creditable | creditably |
| crime | criminate | criminal | criminally |
| critic, criticism | criticize | critical | critically |
| curiosity | – | curious | curiously |
| custom | accustom | customary | customarily |
| Nouns | Verbs | Adjectives | Adverbs |
| danger | endanger | dangerous | dangerously |
| darkness | darken | dark | darkly |
| death | die | dead | deathly |
| deception | deceive | deceptive | deceptively |
| decision | decide | decisive | decisively |
| defence | defend | defensive | defensively |
| definition | define | definite | definately |
| departure | depart | departed | – |
| depth | deepen | deep | deeply |
| description | describe | descriptive | – |
| desire | desire | desirous, desirable | desirably |
| delight | delight | delightful | delightfully |
| destruction, destroyer | destroy | destructive | destructively |
| detection | detect | detective | – |
| devotion, devotee | devote | devotional | devotionally |
| difference | differ | different | differently |
| direction | direct | directional | directly |
| division | divide | divisional | Divisionally |
| drama | dramatize | dramatic | dramatically |
| dream | dream | dreamy | dreamily |
| duty | – | dutiful | dutifully |
| Nouns | Verbs | Adjectives | Adverbs |
| ease | ease | easy | easily |
| economy | economise | economic | economically |
| edition, editor | edit | editorial | editorially |
| education | educate | educational | educationally |
| effect | – | effective | effectively |
| election | elect | electoral | – |
| emphasis | emphasize | emphatic | emphatically |
| employment | employ | employable | – |
| energy | energize | energetic | energetically |
| enthusiasm | enthuse | enthusiastic | enthusiastically |
| envy | envy | envious | enviously |
| eternity | Eternalize | eternal | eternally |
| event | eventuate | eventful | – |
| exaggeration | exaggerate | exaggerative | – |
| example | exemplify | exemplary | exemplarily |
| excellance | excel | excellent | excellently |
| excitement | excite | excited | excitedly |
| existence | exist | existent | – |
| expense | expend | expensive | expensively |
| extension | extend | extensive | extensively |
| Nouns | Verbs | Adjectives | Adverbs |
| familiarity | familiarize | familiar | familiarly |
| fancy | fancy | fanciful | fancifully |
| favour | favour | favourable | favourably |
| fear | fear | fearful | fearfully |
| final | finalize | final | finally |
| fool | befool | foolish | foolishly |
| force | enforce | forceful | forcefully |
| forgetfulness | forget | forgetful | forgetfully |
| fortune | – | fortunate | fortunately |
| freedom | free | free | freely |
| friend, friendship | befriend | friendly | – |
| fright | frighten | frightful | frightfully |
| full | fill | full | fully |
| fun | – | funny | funnily |
| Nouns | verbs | Adjectives | Adverbs |
| gain | gain | gainful | gainfully |
| Gladness | gladden | glad | gladly |
| glory | glorify | glorious | gloriously |
| grammar | – | grammatical | grammatically |
| grace | grace | graceful | gracefully |
| greed | – | greedy | greedily |
| grief | grieve | grievous | grievously |
| growth | grow | grown | – |
| guidance | guide | guided | – |
| guilt | – | guilty | guiltily |
| Nouns | Verbs | Adjectives | Adverbs |
| habit | habituate | habitual | habitually |
| happiness | – | happy | happily |
| harm | harm | harmful | harmfully |
| haste | hasten | hasty | hastily |
| hatred | hate | hateful | hatefully |
| heart | hearten | hearty | heartily |
| height | highten | high | highly |
| help | help | helpful | helpfully |
| hesitation, hesitancy | hesitate | hesitant | hesitantly |
| honour | honour | honourable | honourably |
| hope | hope | hopeful | hopefully |
| horror | horrify | horrible | horribly |
| humanity | humanize | human | humanly |
| Nouns | Verbs | Adjectives | Adverbs |
| idleness | idle | idle | idly |
| ignorance | ignore | ignorant | ignorantly |
| illustration | illustrate | illustrative | – |
| imitation | imitate | imitative | imitatively |
| immorality | – | immoral | immorally |
| impression | impress | impressive | impressively |
| infection | infect | infections | infectiously |
| influence | influence | influential | influentially |
| innocence | – | innocent | innocently |
| inclusion | include | inclusive | inclusively |
| instruction | instruct | instructive | instructively |
| intensity | intensify | intense | intensely |
| intention | intend | intentional | intentionally |
| interest | interest | interesting | interestingly |
| introduction | introduce | introductory | – |
| invention | invent | inventive | – |
| Nouns | Verbs | Adjectives | Adverbs |
| joint | join | joint | jointly |
| Joke | joke | – | jokingly |
| joy | enjoy | joyful | joyfully |
| justification | justify | justifiable | justifiably |
| Nouns | Verbs | Adjectives | Adverbs |
| king, kingdom | – | royal, kingly | royally |
| knowledge | know | knowledgeable | knowingly |
| Nouns | Verbs | Adjectives | Adverbs |
| labour | labour | laborious | laboriously |
| largeness | enlarge | large | largely |
| laugh, laughter | laugh | laughable | laughably |
| law | legalise | lawful | lawfully |
| life, livelihood | live | lively | – |
| liking | like | likeable | likely |
| locality | localize | local | locally |
| loss | lose | lost | – |
| love | love | lovely | lovingly |
| luck | – | lucky | luckily |
| Nouns | Verbs | Adjectives | Adverbs |
| madness | madden | mad | madly |
| marriage | marry | marriageable | – |
| marvel | marvel | marvellous | marvellously |
| matter | materialize | material | materially |
| meaning | mean | meaningful | meaningfully |
| measurement | measure | measureable | measurably |
| memory | memorize | memorable | memorably |
| mercy | – | merciful | mercifully |
| method | methodize | methodical | methodically |
| mind | mind, remind | mental, mindful | mindfully |
| modernism | modernize | modern | modernly |
| morality | moralize | moral | morally |
| movement | move | moving, movable | movably |
| mystery | – | mysterious | mysteriously |
| Nouns | Verbs | Adjectives | Adverbs |
| name | name | nameable | namely |
| nation | nationalize | national | nationally |
| nature | neutralize | natural | naturally |
| need | need | needful | needfully |
| necessity | necessiate | necessary | necessarily |
| neglect, negligence | neglect | negligible | negligibly |
| newness | renew | new | newly |
| nobility | ennoble | noble | nobly |
| normality | normalize | normal | normally |
| notice | notice | noticeable | noticeably |
| Nouns | Verbs | Adjectives | Adverbs |
| obedience | obey | obedient | obediently |
| objection | object | objectionable | objectionablely |
| obligation | oblige | obligatory | obligatorily |
| occupation | occupy | occupational | occupationally |
| occasion | occasion | occasional | occasionally |
| office | officiate | official | officially |
| opposition | oppose | opposite | oppositely |
| option | opt | optional | optionalty |
| organisation | organize | organised | organizedly |
| origin | originate | original | orginally |
| Nouns | Verbs | Adjectives | Adverbs |
| pain | pain | painful | painfull |
| peace | pacify | peaceful | peacefully |
| performance | perform | performing | – |
| permission | permit | permissible | permissibly |
| person | personify | personal | personally |
| pollution | pollute | polluted | – |
| popularity | popularize | popular | popularly |
| poverty | impoverish | poor | poorly |
| power | empower | powerful | powerfully |
| practice | practise | practical | pratically |
| prevention | prevent | preventive | – |
| production, product, productivity | produce | productive | productively |
| progress | progress | progressive | progressively |
| Nouns | Verbs | Adjectives | Adverbs |
| qualification | qualify | qualified | – |
| quarrel | quarrel | quarrelsome | – |
| quickness | quicken | quick | quickly |
| quotation | quote | quotable | – |
| Nouns | Verbs | Adjectives | Adverbs |
| rapidity | – | rapid | rapidly |
| reality | realize | real | really |
| reference | refer | referential | – |
| regret | regret | regretful | regretfully |
| regularity | regularize | regular | regularly |
| reliance | rely | reliable | reliably |
| remark | remark | remarkable | remarkably |
| reminiscence | reminisce | reminiscent | reminiscently |
| removal | remove | removable | – |
| repentance | repent | repentant | repentantly |
| response | respond | responsive, responsible | responsively |
| resentment | resent | resentful | resentfully |
| respect | respect | respectful | respectfully |
| rest | rest | restful, restless | restfully, restlessly |
| riches | enrich | rich | richly |
| Nouns | Verbs | Adjectives | Adverbs |
| sale | Sale | saleable | – |
| satisfication | satisfy | satisfactory | satisfactorily |
| selection | select | selective | selectivey |
| separation | separate | seperable | seperably |
| silence | silence | silent | silently |
| simplicity | simplify | simple | simply |
| society | socialize | social | socially |
| softness | soften | soft | softly |
| sorrow | sorrow | sorrowful | sorrowfully |
| speech | speak | speechless | speechlessly |
| strength | strengthen | strong | strongly |
| study | study | studious | studiously |
| success | succeed | successful | successfully |
| suggestion | suggest | suggestive | suggestively |
| surety | ensure | sure | surely |
| surprise | surprise | surprising | surprisingly |
| suspicion | suspect | suspicious | suspiciously |
| symbol | symbolize | symbolical | symbolically |
| sympathy | sympathize | sympathetic | sympathetically |
| system | systematize | systematic | systematically |
| sweetness | sweeten | sweet | sweetly |
| Nouns | Verbs | Adjectives | Adverbs |
| taste | taste | tasteful | tastefully |
| terror | terrorize | terroristic | – |
| thanks | thank | thankful | thankfully |
| theory | theorize | theoritical | theoritically |
| thought | think | thoughtful | thoughtfully |
| tolerance | tolerate | tolerant | tolerantly |
| touch | touch | touchable | |
| translation | translate | translatable | |
| triumph | triumph | triumphant | triumphantly |
| trust | trust | trustful, trustworthy | trustfully |
| truth | – | truthful | truthfully |
| Nouns | Verbs | Adjectives | Adverbs |
| universe | universalize | universal | universally |
| unity | unify | united | unitedly |
| urgency | – | urgent | urgently |
| use | use | useful | usefully |
| Nouns | Verbs | Adjectives | Adverbs |
| vacancy | vacate | vacant | vacantly |
| value | value | valuable | – |
| verification | verify | verifiable | – |
| vibration | vibrate | vibrative | – |
| victory | – | victorious | victoriously |
| view | view | viewable | – |
| vigour | invigorate | vigorous | vigoriously |
| violence | – | violent | violently |
| visuality | visualize | visual | visually |
| vitality | vitalize | vital | vitally |
| voice | voice | vocal | vocally |
| Nouns | Verbs | Adjectives | Adverbs |
| warmth | warm | warm | warmly |
| wastage | waste | wasteful | wastefully |
| watch | watch | watchful | watchfully |
| wisdom | – | wise | wisely |
| wonder | wonder | wonderful | wonderfully |
| worth | – | worthy | worthily |
| Nouns | Verbs | Adjectives | Adverbs |
| year | – | yearly, annual | yearly, annually |
| youth, youthfulness | – | youthful | youthfully |
| Nouns | Verbs | Adjectives | Adverbs |
| zeal | – | zealous | zealously |
Conjunction
Conjunction can be defined as “A word used to connect words, clauses, phrases, or sentences or to coordinate words in the same clause”.
What is Conjunction
Conjunction is one of the parts of speech which acts as glue and connects words, sentences, phrases, or clauses together (both dependent and independent). It may be placed at the start of sentences. Conjunctions join two sentences and make the sentence more compact.
List of Conjunction Words
Some of the conjunction words are and, or, but, because, for, if, or, when, etc.
For example:
He looks very cruel but his heart is soft. (conjunction word ‘but’ is joining two sentences)
It is necessary to go to school because today is my exam. (conjunction word ‘because’ is joining two sentences)
I went to market with my mother and (conjunction word ‘and’ is joining two words)
Three and four make seven. (conjunction word ‘and’ is joining two words)
Using conjunction two simple sentences can be joined into one to become more compact.
Such as:
Sheela is a very good bowler and Vishal is also a very good bowler.
Sheela and Vishal are good bowlers.
Some conjunctions are used in pairs in the sentences such as either –or, neither –nor, whether –or, both –and, not only – but also, though – yet, etc.
Such as:
Either go to school or study at home.
I can neither avoid it nor take it serious.
Both, Seema and Geeta are good singers.
Though I was very busy, yet I met my friend.
I don’t care whether you love me or hate me.
Not only he is hard working, but also.
Types of Conjunction
There are three kinds of conjunctions serving their own clear purpose however all functions to bring words together.
Coordinating conjunction
Subordinating conjunction
Correlative conjunction
1) Coordinating Conjunction
Coordinating conjunctions are generally used to connect individual words, phrases, and independent clauses (of equal rank or importance).
List of Coordinating Conjunction
Some of the coordinating conjunctions are like and, or, but, so, nor, for, yet, also, either….or, neither….nor, etc.
For example:
Mohan, Seena, and Rohit met in the party at 6 o’clock. (conjunction joining the individual words togethr)
It is a small but attractive place. (conjunction joining individual phrases)
Coordinating conjunction is subdivided into following types:
a) Adversative:
Adversative coordinating conjunction is used to indicate opposition or contrast between two statements. Some of the adversative coordinating conjunctions are still, but, only, yet, whereas, while, nevertheless, etc.
For example:
I am slow, but I am sure about my destination.
I will take rest, only when I get tried.
It was intolerable, still I kept quiet.
b) Disjunctive or Alternative:
Disjunctive or alternative coordinating conjunction is used to indicate choice between two statements. Some of the alternative coordinating conjunctions are or, neither….nor, either….or, else, neither, nor, otherwise, etc….
For example:
I must work hard, or I will fail.
Either he is intelligent or he makes us fool.
Neither you, nor I can do this work.
Do hard work, else you will not go ahead of him.
c) Cumulative or Copulative:
Cumulative or copulative coordinating conjunction is used when we need to only add one statement to another. Some of the cumulative coordinating conjunctions are and, both…and, not only…but also, as well as, etc.
For example:
I cleaned the room and My friend cooked the food.
He is both intelligent and smart.
I have to go college as well as market.
He not only helped me but also gave some money to me.
d) Illative:
Illative coordinating conjunction is used to express an inference in the sentence. Some of the illative coordinating conjunctions are for, so, etc.
For example:
I work hard so I will pass the exam.
I must to go school, for I have no option.
2) Correlative Conjunction
Correlative conjunction is used to correlate or join phrases or words carrying equal importance in the sentence.
List of Correlative conjunction
Correlative conjunction words are appear in pairs such as either…or, whether…or, neither…nor, not only…but also, etc.
For Example:
She is both rich and
Either I will go to school or stay home and read.
I am neither rich nor
He is not only poor, but also
3) Subordinating Conjunction
Subordinating conjunction is used to join a clause to another in order to get full meaning. It is one of the parts of speech which joins dependent clauses to independent clauses.
List of Subordinating Conjunction
Subordinating conjunction words are after, as, although, before, once, because, since, if, than, though, till, that, until, where, whether, when, while, even if, even though, in order that, once, provided that, rather than, so that, unless, whenever, whereas, wherever, why, how, as, in as much, as if, as long as, lest, as much as, now that, as soon as, as though, since, because, before, etc.
For example:
As Mohan got less marks in the Physics, he got his overall percentage down.
He started writing as soon as he got the exam paper.
I started sneezing whenever I opens the window of my home.
Conjunction: Conjunctions join two or more words, phrases, or clauses.
List of Conjunctions: afterপরে, althoughযদিও, asযেহেতু, as if, as long asযতদিন, as much asযতটা, as soon asযত তাড়াতাড়ি, as thoughযেন, becauseকারণ, before সামনে, even ifএমনকি যদি, even thoughযদিও, ifযদি, in order thatযাতে, in case, lestপাছে, provided that, sinceযেহেতু, so thatযাতে, thanচেয়ে, thatযে, thoughযদিও, till, যতক্ষণ না, unlessযদি না, untilযতক্ষণ না, whenযখন, wheneverযখনই, whereযেখানে, whereverযেখানে, whileযখন
Classification of Conjunction
| Conjunction | Example |
| a. Correlative | as/so….as, both….and, either…or, neither…nor, not only…but also, too..to, so…that, such…that |
| b. Coordinating | FANBOYS=for, and, nor, but, or, otherwise, yet, so |
| c. Subordinating | Who, how, why, where, when, which, what, whom, whoseIf, had, were, in case, unless, provided, provided that, providing thatThat, so that, in order that, though, although, as, since, because, till, until, before, after, while, lest, as if, as soon as, as long as, no sooner had, scarcely had, hardly had, as though, even if, even though, whatever, whenever, wherever, however, whoever, whomever etc |
Appropriate Preposition
Some important common appropriate preposition
|
Phrase |
Meaning (English) |
Meaning (Bengali) |
|
Worthy of |
deserving of something |
যোগ্য |
|
Wink at |
to make a quick blinking gesture |
পিটপিট্ |
|
Wish for |
desire or hope for something |
আকাঙ্ক্ষা করা |
|
Useful for/to |
beneficial or helpful for/to |
প্রয়োজনীয় |
|
Want of |
lack of something |
অভাব |
|
Surprised at |
astonished or amazed by |
বিস্মিত |
|
Thirst for |
strong desire or need for something |
তৃষ্ণার্ত |
|
Victim to |
to be harmed by |
শিকার |
|
Tolerant of |
accepting or patient with |
সহনশীল |
|
Sneer at |
look down on or mock |
অবজ্ঞা |
|
Taste for |
liking or preference for |
স্বাদ |
|
Owe to |
to be in debt to |
ঋণী থাকা |
|
Tired of |
bored or annoyed with |
ক্লান্ত |
|
Good at |
skilled in |
দক্ষ |
|
Responsible for |
accountable for |
দায়ী |
|
Key to |
essential or crucial for |
চাবি |
|
Result of |
outcome or consequence of |
ফল |
|
Blind at |
unable to see or unaware of |
অন্ধ |
|
Qualified for |
suitable or eligible for |
যোগ্য |
|
Adhere to |
stick to or follow |
লেগে থাকা |
|
Proud of |
feeling deep pleasure about |
গর্বিত |
|
Aim at |
direct efforts towards |
লক্ষ্য |
|
Remedy for |
a cure or solution for |
প্রতিকার |
|
True to |
loyal or faithful to |
সত্য |
|
Lack of |
absence or shortage of |
অভাব |
|
Laugh at |
make fun of or mock |
সশব্দে হাসা |
|
Long for |
desire strongly for |
আকাঙ্ক্ষা করা |
|
Injurious to |
harmful or damaging to |
ক্ষতিকর |
|
Ignorant of |
unaware or uninformed about |
অজ্ঞ |
|
Subject to |
dependent on or affected by |
অধীন |
|
Sticky to |
able to adhere or cling to |
লেগে থাকা |
|
Lead to |
result in or cause |
পরিচালনা |
|
Concerned of |
worried or anxious about |
উদ্বিগ্ন |
|
Die out |
become extinct or no longer exist |
মরা |
|
Desire for |
a strong want or craving for |
আকাঙ্ক্ষা করা |
|
Access to |
the ability to reach or use |
প্রবেশ |
|
Fond of |
having a liking or affection for |
প্রিয় |
|
Burst out |
to break or explode suddenly |
ফাটিয়া পড়া |
|
Attraction for |
strong interest or appeal to |
আকর্ষণ |
|
Cling to |
to hold tightly to |
লেগে থাকা |
|
Puff of |
a small burst of air or breath |
ফুত্কার |
|
Relate to |
be connected or associated with |
সম্পর্ক |
|
Fit for |
suitable or appropriate for |
উপযুক্ত |
|
Known to |
recognized or familiar with |
পরিচিত |
|
Awareness of |
being conscious or knowledgeable about |
সচেতনতা |
|
Accomplished to |
completed or achieved |
সম্পন্ন |
|
Essential for |
necessary or crucial for |
আবশ্যক |
|
Attribute to |
to give credit or responsibility to |
আরোপ করা |
|
Capable of |
having the ability to do something |
সক্ষম |
|
Succumb to |
give in to or be overwhelmed by |
মারা যাত্তয়া |
|
Lie in |
to be contained or exist within |
ভিতরে থাকা |
|
Run after |
chase or pursue |
পশ্চাদ্ধাবন |
|
Bereft of |
deprived or lacking |
বঞ্চিত |
|
Yield to |
submit or give way to |
স্থান করে দেওয়া |
|
Famous for |
well known for |
বিখ্যাত |
|
Rush to |
hurry towards |
ধেয়ে যাওয়া |
|
Devoid of |
lacking or without |
বঞ্চিত |
|
Deprive of |
take away or withhold |
বঞ্চিত |
|
Run out |
to be used up or finished |
ফুরিয়ে যাওয়া |
|
Immerse in |
to engage deeply or be involved in |
মগ্ন |
|
Abreast of |
alongside or next to |
পাশাপাশি |
|
Bring about |
cause to happen or bring into being |
ঘটান |
|
Mourn for |
feel or express sorrow for |
শোক করা |
|
Indifferent to |
unconcerned or uninterested in |
উদাসীন |
|
Cautious of |
careful or wary of |
সতর্ক |
|
Persist in |
continue firmly despite difficulty |
জিদ করা |
|
Applied for |
formally requested or sought |
প্রার্থিত |
|
Heed to |
pay attention or give consideration to |
মনোযোগ |
|
Blind of |
unable to see or perceive |
অন্ধ |
|
Impose on |
force or dictate |
আরোপ করা |
|
Worry for |
to be anxious or concerned about |
চিন্তিত |
|
Prefer to |
like one thing more than another |
অধিক পছন্দ |
|
Hopeful of |
feeling optimistic or positive about |
আশান্বিত |
|
Give up |
abandon or surrender |
ত্যাগ করা |
|
Mix with |
combine or blend |
মিশ্রিত করা |
|
Applied to |
formally requested or used for |
প্রার্থিত |
|
Boast of |
talk with excessive pride or self-satisfaction |
গর্ব |
|
Differ from |
be unlike or distinct from |
পৃথক |
|
Prepare for |
make ready or get ready for |
প্রস্তুত |
|
Due to |
because of or caused by |
কারণে |
|
Charge of |
responsibility for |
অভিযোগ |
|
Escape from |
flee or get away from |
পলায়ন |
|
Eligible for |
qualified or suitable for |
যোগ্য |
|
Detrimental to |
harmful or damaging to |
ক্ষতিকর |
|
Convict of |
declare guilty of a crime |
দোষী সাব্যস্ত |
|
Preserve from |
protect or maintain from harm |
সংরক্ষিত |
|
Crave for |
desire strongly for |
আকাঙ্ক্ষা করা |
|
Beneficial to |
advantageous or helpful to |
উপকারী |
|
Ashamed of |
feeling embarrassed or guilty |
লজ্জিত |
|
Recover from |
regain or get better from |
পুনরুদ্ধার |
|
Die for |
sacrifice one’s life for |
মরা |
|
Determined to |
resolved or intent on achieving something |
সঙ্কল্পিত |
|
Accused of |
charged with a crime or wrongdoing |
অভিযুক্ত |
|
Protect from |
defend or guard from harm |
রক্ষা করা |
|
Designed for |
intended or created for a specific purpose |
পরিকল্পিত |
|
Grateful to |
thankful or appreciative of |
কৃতজ্ঞ |
|
Afraid of |
fearful or scared of |
ভীত |
|
Prohibit from |
forbid or prevent from doing |
নিষিদ্ধকরা |
|
Die by |
pass away or die through a specific cause |
মরা |
|
Interested to |
curious or keen to know |
কৌতূহলী |
|
Beware of |
be cautious or alert about |
সতর্ক |
|
Die from |
pass away due to a specific cause |
মরা |
|
Headed by |
led by or directed by |
নেতৃত্করা |
|
Contribute to |
provide or give to help something |
অবদান |
|
Covetous of |
desiring something greedily |
লোভী |
|
Vary from |
differ from |
বিভিন্ন করা |
|
Polluted by |
contaminated or tainted by |
দূষিত |
|
Thankful to |
grateful or appreciative of |
কৃতজ্ঞ |
|
Consist of |
be made up of or composed of |
গঠিত |
|
Aloof from |
distant or uninvolved with |
দূরে |
|
Abide by |
follow or comply with |
মেনে চলা |
|
Inclined to |
having a tendency or preference for |
ইচ্ছুক |
|
Destitute of |
lacking or without |
নি:স্ব |
|
Derive from |
come from or originate from |
আগত |
|
Determine on |
decide on or resolve |
সঙ্কল্পিত |
|
Compare to |
assess the similarities with |
তুলনা |
|
Die of |
pass away due to a condition |
মরা |
|
Depart from |
leave or go away from |
প্রস্থান করা |
|
Based on |
founded on or determined by |
ভিত্তি |
|
Hinder to |
obstruct or prevent |
বাধা দেত্তয়া |
|
Associate with |
connect with or involve with |
সংশ্লিষ্ট |
|
Abstain from |
refrain from |
বিরত থাকা |
|
Pride in |
feel satisfaction or pleasure about |
গর্ব |
|
Blind to |
unable to perceive or understand |
অন্ধ |
|
Divided into |
separated into parts or sections |
বিভক্ত |
|
Deviate from |
to stray from a path or direction |
পথভ্রষ্ট করা |
|
Bestow on |
give or grant to |
প্রদান করা |
|
Adjacent to |
next to or adjoining |
সংলগ্ন |
|
Burst into |
to suddenly erupt or break out |
ফাটিয়া পড়া |
|
Apart from |
separate from or aside from |
ছাড়া |
|
Faith in |
trust or belief in |
বিশ্বাস |
|
Callous to |
insensitive or indifferent to |
উদাসীন |
|
Presided over |
led or supervised |
সভাপতিত্ব |
|
Refrain from |
hold back or avoid |
বিরত করা |
|
Attend on |
take care of or serve |
সেবা করা |
|
Blind in |
unable to see or understand |
অন্ধ |
|
Run over |
knock down or drive over |
চাপা দেওয়া |
|
Result from |
occur as a consequence of |
ফল |
|
Insisted on |
demanded firmly or insisted on |
জোর |
|
Confined to |
restricted or limited to |
সীমাবদ্ধ |
|
Concentrate on |
focus or direct attention on |
মনোযোগী |
|
Suffer from |
endure or experience pain |
ভোগা |
|
Depend on |
rely on or need |
নির্ভর করা |
|
Cleave to |
stick closely or adhere to |
লেগে থাকা |
|
Full of |
having a lot of something |
সম্পূর্ণ |
|
Jot down |
write quickly or briefly |
একফোঁটা |
|
Insist on |
demand or press for something |
জিদ |
|
Persist in |
continue firmly despite difficulty |
জিদ করা |
|
Akin to |
similar to or related to |
সদৃশ |
|
Busy with |
occupied or engaged with |
ব্যস্ত |
|
Confident of |
having trust in one’s abilities |
অতিবিশ্বাসী |
|
Pretend to |
act as if something is true |
ভান করা |
|
Adjacent to |
next to or adjoining |
সংলগ্ন |
|
Doubt of |
question or be uncertain about |
সন্দেহ |
|
Envious of |
feeling jealous of |
পরশ্রীকাতর |
|
Failure of |
lack of success or collapse |
ব্যর্থতা |
|
Faithful to |
loyal or devoted to |
বিশ্বাসী |
|
Involved in |
actively engaged in |
জড়িত |
|
Prior to |
before or preceding |
আগে |
|
Deficient in |
lacking or insufficient in |
অপ্রতুলতা |
|
Build up |
gradually increase or develop |
গড়িয়া তোলা |
|
Interested in |
curious or concerned about |
কৌতূহলী |
|
Brood on |
think deeply or dwell on |
গভীরভাবেচিন্তা |
|
Fond of |
affectionate or have a liking for |
অনুরাগী |
|
Prefer to |
choose one thing over another |
পছন্দ |
|
Ambition for |
strong desire for success |
উচ্চাকাঙ্ক্ষা |
|
Consist in |
be present or inherent in |
নিহিত |
|
Atone for |
make amends for |
প্রায়শ্চিত্ত করা |
|
Refer to |
mention or direct attention to |
উল্লেখ করা |
|
Absorbed in |
deeply engaged or focused on |
শোষিত |
|
Commit to |
pledge or devote oneself to |
অঙ্গীকার করা |
|
Involve in |
engage or participate in |
জড়িত করা |
|
Pity for |
feel sympathy or sorrow for |
দু: খের বিষয় |
|
Indulge in |
give in to a desire or enjoyment |
প্রশ্রয় দেত্তয়া |
|
Confined in |
restricted or limited within |
সীমাবদ্ধ |
|
Proficient in |
skilled or knowledgeable in |
দক্ষ |
|
Aspire after |
strongly desire or seek |
আকাঙ্ক্ষা |
|
Compete with |
contend or rival with |
প্রতিদ্বন্দ্বিতা |
|
Congratulate on |
express pleasure or approval for |
অভিনঁদন |
|
Angry with |
upset or mad at |
রাগান্বিত |
|
Dangerous for |
harmful or risky |
বিপজ্জনক |
|
Cope with |
manage or deal with |
আঁটিয়া উঠা |
|
Compare with |
assess the similarities and differences |
তুলনা করা |
|
Blessed with |
fortunate or lucky to have |
সৌভাগ্যশালী |
|
Look after |
take care of or attend to |
দেখাশোনা করা |
|
Afflicted with |
suffer from or be burdened with |
পীড়িত |
|
Quarrel with |
argue or fight with |
ঝগড়া করা |
|
Beset with |
surrounded or troubled by |
বেষ্টন করা |
|
Named after |
given the same name as |
নামকরণ |
|
Hanker after |
long or yearn for |
লালয়িত |
|
Acquainted with |
familiar with |
পরিচিত |
|
Along with |
together with or in company with |
সহকারে |
|
Endowed with |
provided with or gifted with |
অন্বিত |
|
Popular with |
well-liked by many |
জনপ্রিয় |
|
Satisfied with |
content or happy with |
সন্তুষ্ট |
|
Tremble with |
shake or quiver with emotion |
কম্পন |
|
Content with |
pleased or happy with |
সন্তুষ্ট |
|
Familiar with |
well-acquainted or knowledgeable about |
পরিচিত |
|
Quarrel with |
argue or fight with |
ঝগড়া |
|
Treat with |
behave towards in a certain way |
আচরণ করা |
|
Phrase |
Meaning (English) |
Meaning (Bengali) |
|
Abide by |
follow or comply with |
মেনে চলা |
|
Abound in |
to have in large quantities |
প্রচুর পরিমাণে থাকা |
|
Abound with |
to be full of |
পূর্ণ থাকা |
|
Absent from |
not present or not there |
অনুপস্থিত |
|
Absorbed in |
deeply engaged or focused on |
নিমগ্ন |
|
Access to |
the right to approach or use |
নিকটে যাবার অধিকার |
|
Accompanied by |
being with or having someone along |
সাথে থাকা |
|
Accompanied with |
being together with |
সঙ্গী হওয়া |
|
According to |
as stated by or in accordance with |
অনুসারে |
|
Accused of |
charged with a wrongdoing |
অভিযোগ করা |
|
Accustomed to |
used to or familiar with |
অভ্যস্ত |
|
Acquainted with |
familiar with |
পরিচিত |
|
Acquit of |
to clear someone of wrongdoing |
বেকসুর খালাস দেওয়া |
|
Add to |
to increase or enhance |
যোগ করা |
|
Addicted to |
having a strong dependence on |
খারাপ কাজে আসক্ত |
|
Adjacent to |
next to or adjoining |
সংলগ্ন |
|
Admit into |
allow entry into |
ভর্তি হওয়া |
|
Admit of |
to acknowledge or accept |
স্বীকার |
|
Admit to |
to allow entry or acceptance |
ভর্তি হওয়া |
|
Affection for |
a feeling of fondness or love |
স্নেহ |
|
Affectionate to |
showing love or fondness towards |
স্নেহপরায়ণ |
|
Afraid of |
feeling fear or anxiety about |
ভীত |
|
Agree on |
to reach a consensus on something |
কোনো বিষয়ে রাজী হওয়া |
|
Agree to |
to accept or consent to something |
কোনো প্রস্তাবে রাজী হওয়া |
|
Agree with |
to be in harmony or agreement with |
ব্যক্তির সাথে রাজী হওয়া |
|
Aim at |
to direct efforts towards |
লক্ষ্য করা |
|
Alarmed at |
feeling afraid or startled |
ভীত–সন্ত্রস্ত |
|
Allot to |
to distribute or assign |
বণ্টন করা |
|
Aloof from |
distant or uninvolved with |
সরে থাকা |
|
Alternative to |
an option or choice instead of |
পরিবর্তে |
|
Ambition for |
a strong desire to achieve something |
উচ্চাকাঙ্ক্ষা |
|
Angry at |
feeling upset with a situation |
রাগান্বিত |
|
Angry for |
feeling upset about an action |
কোনো কিছু করার জন্য রাগান্বিত |
|
Angry with |
feeling upset with someone |
রাগান্বিত হওয়া |
|
Annoyed for |
feeling irritated about something |
কারো প্রতি বিরক্ত |
|
Annoyed with |
feeling irritated with someone |
কারো প্রতি বিরক্ত |
|
Anxious about |
feeling worried or concerned about |
চিন্তিত |
|
Anxious for |
worried or eager for something |
উদ্বিগ্ন |
|
Appeal for |
to make a formal request for |
কোনো কিছু করার জন্য আবেদন করা |
|
Appeal to |
to request or ask for something |
কারো কাছে আবেদন করা |
|
Appetite for |
a strong desire or craving for food |
ক্ষুধা |
|
Apply for |
to request or submit an application |
দরখাস্ত করা |
|
Apply to |
to make a request to someone |
কারো কাছে আবেদন করা |
|
Aptitude for |
natural talent or ability for |
প্রবণতা |
|
Argue against |
to give reasons for opposing |
যুক্তি প্রদর্শন করা |
|
Argue for |
to give reasons in support of |
যুক্তি প্রদর্শন করা |
|
Argue with |
to discuss or disagree with |
যুক্তি প্রদর্শন করা |
|
Arrive at |
to reach or come to a conclusion |
পৌঁছানো |
|
Ashamed for |
feeling embarrassed for something |
লজ্জিত |
|
Ashamed of |
feeling guilty or embarrassed about |
লজ্জিত |
|
Assign to |
to designate or allocate |
নির্দিষ্ট করে দেওয়া |
|
Attach to |
to fasten or join |
জুড়ে দেওয়া |
|
Attend on |
to take care of or serve |
সেবা করা |
|
Attend to |
to focus or give attention to |
মনোযোগ দেওয়া |
|
Attend upon |
to take care of or assist |
সেবা করা |
|
Avail of |
to take advantage of |
সুযোগ নেওয়া |
|
Aware of |
to be conscious or informed about |
অবগত |
|
Phrase |
Meaning (English) |
Meaning (Bengali) |
|
Based on |
established on or grounded in |
ভিত্তির উপর প্রতিষ্ঠিত |
|
Believe in |
to have faith or confidence in |
বিশ্বাস করা |
|
Belong to |
to be the property of or part of |
অধিকারি হওয়া |
|
Busy with |
occupied or engaged in something |
ব্যস্ত |
|
Blush with |
to turn red in the face due to embarrassment |
আরক্তিম–বদন হওয়া |
|
Bent on |
determined to do something |
উদ্যত |
|
Beware of |
to be cautious or alert about |
সতর্ক হওয়া |
|
Blind of |
lacking the ability to see |
অন্ধ |
|
Blind to |
unable to notice or see |
দেখেও না দেখা |
|
Blush for |
to feel embarrassed or ashamed |
লজ্জিত |
|
Boast of |
to talk proudly about something |
দম্ভ করা |
|
Bound for |
heading to or going toward |
কোনো স্থানের উদ্দেশ্যে যাত্রা |
|
Brood on/over |
to think deeply about something with sadness |
বিষণ্নভাবে চিন্তা করা |
|
Burst into |
to suddenly begin (e.g., crying, laughter) |
কান্নায় ভেঙে পড়া |
|
Burst out |
to suddenly break into (e.g., laughter) |
হাসিতে ফেটে পড়া |
|
Phrase |
Meaning (English) |
Meaning (Bengali) |
|
Comply with |
to agree to or obey |
সম্মত হওয়া |
|
Callous to |
emotionally insensitive or indifferent |
উদাসীন |
|
Capable of |
having the ability to do something |
সক্ষম |
|
Capacity for |
ability or power to do something |
দক্ষতা |
|
Care of |
the act of looking after or taking care |
যত্ন |
|
Careful of |
cautious about something |
যত্নবান হওয়া |
|
Certain of |
confident or sure about something |
নিশ্চিত |
|
Charge on/against |
to accuse or bring an accusation |
অভিযুক্ত করা |
|
Charge with |
to formally accuse of a crime or wrongdoing |
অভিযুক্ত করা |
|
Close to |
near to or in proximity |
নিকটে |
|
Clue to |
a hint or piece of information |
সূত্র |
|
Come of |
to arise or result from |
জন্ম গ্রহণ |
|
Commence on |
to begin something |
শুরু করা |
|
Comment on |
to give an opinion or remark about |
মন্তব্য করা |
|
Compare to |
to compare dissimilar things |
অসম বস্তুর তুলনা করা |
|
Compare with |
to compare similar things |
একই জিনিসের তুলনা করা |
|
Compete for |
to strive for something (e.g., a prize or position) |
উপযুক্ত |
|
Compete with |
to engage in a contest or rivalry with |
প্রতিযোগিতা করা |
|
Complain against |
to express dissatisfaction or accuse someone |
কারো বিরুদ্ধে অভিযোগ করা |
|
Complain to |
to tell someone about a problem or grievance |
কারো কাছে অভিযোগ করা |
|
Composed of |
made up of, consisting of |
গঠিত |
|
Confident of |
sure or certain about something |
আশাবাদী |
|
Confident to |
having excessive trust or belief in |
অতিবিশ্বাসী |
|
Confined in |
restricted or limited within |
আবদ্ধ |
|
Congratulate on |
to offer good wishes or praise for |
অভিনন্দন |
|
Conscious of |
aware or mindful of something |
সচেতন |
|
Consist of |
to be made up of |
গঠিত |
|
Consistent with |
in agreement or harmony with |
সামঞ্জস্যপূর্ণ |
|
Contrary to |
opposite or in contrast to |
বিপরীতভাবে |
|
Contribute to |
to help or give towards something |
সাহায্য করা |
|
Control over |
authority or command of something |
নিয়ন্ত্রণ |
|
Cope with |
to deal with or manage something |
এঁটে উঠা |
|
Count for |
to be considered or valued |
বিবেচিত হওয়া |
|
Count upon |
to rely or depend on |
গণনা |
|
Crave for |
to desire something greatly |
বাসনা করা |
|
Cure of |
to recover from an illness or condition |
আরোগ্য হওয়া |
|
Phrase |
Meaning (English) |
Meaning (Bengali) |
|
Deaf to |
unable to hear or heed |
বধির |
|
Delight in |
to take great pleasure in |
আনন্দিত হওয়া |
|
Depend on |
to rely or trust |
নির্ভর করা |
|
Deprived of |
to be denied something |
বঞ্চিত হওয়া |
|
Desire for |
to strongly want or wish for |
আকাঙ্ক্ষা |
|
Destined to |
intended or certain to happen |
নির্ধারিত |
|
Devoid of |
lacking or without |
বর্জিত |
|
Devote to |
to give a lot of time or energy to |
নিয়োজিত করা |
|
Die by |
to die by a certain cause or manner |
আকস্মিক মরা |
|
Die for |
to die in the service or cause of something |
আত্মত্যাগ করা |
|
Die in |
to pass away in a specific place or situation |
মৃত্যু |
|
Die of |
to die from a particular disease or cause |
কোনো রোগে মরা |
|
Differ from |
to be unlike or dissimilar to |
এক বস্তুর সহিত অন্য বস্তুর পার্থক্য করা |
|
Differ with |
to disagree with someone |
ভিন্নমত |
|
Disgusted with |
to feel strong dislike for someone |
কারো প্রতি বিরক্ত |
|
Difference between |
the distinction between two things |
পার্থক্য |
|
Different from |
unlike or distinct from |
পৃথক |
|
Diffident of |
lacking self-confidence |
আত্মবিশ্বাসহীন |
|
Disgrace to |
to bring shame to |
লজ্জা |
|
Disgusted at |
to feel offended or repelled by |
কোনো কিছুতে বিরক্ত |
|
Dislike for |
to have a negative feeling toward |
অপছন্দ |
|
Displeased at |
to feel upset or dissatisfied |
অখুশি |
|
Displeased with |
to feel unhappy or dissatisfied with |
অসন্তুষ্ট |
|
Dispose of |
to get rid of or deal with something |
সুসম্পন্ন করা |
|
Distinguish between |
to recognize differences between |
পার্থক্য দেখান |
|
Divide among |
to distribute among several people |
ভাগ করা |
|
Divide between |
to share between two or more people |
ভাগ করা |
|
Divide into |
to separate into parts or sections |
ভাগ করা |
|
Due to |
because of or as a result of |
কারণ/প্রাপ্য |
|
Dull at |
lacking sharpness or skill in something |
কাঁচা |
|
Despair of |
to lose hope in something |
আকাঙ্ক্ষা |
|
Die from |
to pass away because of a specific cause |
কোনো কারণে মরা |
|
Divert from |
to lead off course or change direction |
পথ পরিত্যাগ করানো |
|
Phrase |
Meaning (English) |
Meaning (Bengali) |
|
Eager for/about |
very enthusiastic or excited about something |
উৎসুক |
|
Eligible for |
qualified or entitled to something |
যোগ্য |
|
Encroach on |
to intrude or trespass on someone else’s territory |
অনধিকার প্রবেশ |
|
End in |
to conclude or finish in a certain way |
পর্যবসিত হত্তয়া |
|
Engaged to |
formally committed to marry someone |
বাকদত্তা |
|
Engaged with/in |
involved in something or someone |
জড়িত |
|
Enquire into |
to investigate or inquire about something |
তদন্ত করা |
|
Enquire of |
to ask about or seek information from someone |
অবস্থান জিজ্ঞাসা করা |
|
Entitled to |
having the right to something |
অধিকারী |
|
Envious of |
feeling jealousy toward someone or something |
ঈর্ষা পরায়ণ |
|
Envy of |
the feeling of jealousy for something |
কোনো কিছুতে ঈর্ষা |
|
Equal in |
having the same qualities or characteristics |
সমকক্ষ |
|
Equal to |
the same in value, amount, or rank |
সমান |
|
Escape by |
to escape by means or in a particular way |
মুক্তি |
|
Escape from |
to break free from something |
মুক্তি |
|
Essential to |
absolutely necessary or required for something |
অত্যাবশ্যক |
|
Esteem for |
high regard or respect for someone or something |
সম্মান করা |
|
Excel in |
to perform very well in a particular area |
দক্ষ |
|
Exempt from |
freed from a requirement or obligation |
নিষ্কৃতি পাওয়া |
|
Endowed with |
to be provided with a particular quality or gift |
ভূষিত |
|
Enter into |
to begin a particular activity or agreement |
ঢোকা |
|
Equal with |
at the same level or rank as something or someone |
সমকক্ষ |
|
Phrase |
Meaning (English) |
Meaning (Bengali) |
|
Faith in |
trust or belief in something or someone |
বিশ্বাস |
|
Faith with |
loyalty or trust in someone |
বিশ্বস্ততা |
|
Faithful to |
loyal or devoted to someone or something |
বিশ্বাসী |
|
False to |
disloyal or untrue to someone or something |
অবিশ্বাসী |
|
Familiar with |
well acquainted with something or someone |
ঘনিষ্ঠ |
|
Famous for |
well-known for something |
বিখ্যাত |
|
Fatal to |
causing death or serious harm to someone or something |
মারাত্মক |
|
Favour with |
to show kindness or approval to someone |
আনুকূল্য |
|
Favourable for |
beneficial or advantageous for something |
অনুকূল |
|
Favourable to |
giving an advantage or being favorable to someone |
অনুকূল |
|
Feel for |
to have empathy or sympathy for someone |
অনুভব |
|
Fill with |
to make something full or to contain something |
পূর্ণ |
|
Fit for |
suitable or appropriate for something or someone |
উপযুক্ত |
|
Fond of |
having a liking or affection for something or someone |
প্রিয় |
|
Free from |
not burdened or affected by something |
মুক্ত |
|
Phrase |
Meaning (English) |
Meaning (Bengali) |
|
Glance at |
to look quickly at something |
তাকানো |
|
Good at |
skilled or proficient in something |
দক্ষ |
|
Grateful for |
feeling thankful for something |
কৃতজ্ঞ |
|
Grateful to |
feeling thankful towards someone |
কৃতজ্ঞ |
|
Greed for |
intense desire or craving for something |
লোভ |
|
Guess at |
to form an estimate or opinion about something |
অনুমান |
|
Guilty of |
responsible for committing an offense |
দোষী |
|
Phrase |
Meaning (English) |
Meaning (Bengali) |
|
Hanker after |
to long or desire for something |
লালায়িত |
|
Hard at |
very focused on a task or activity |
কঠিন |
|
Hard of |
lacking in the ability to hear |
বধির |
|
Heir of |
a person who inherits something |
উত্তরাধিকারী ব্যক্তি |
|
Heir to |
a person who inherits property or title |
উত্তরাধিকারী ব্যক্তি |
|
Hope for |
to wish or expect something to happen |
আশা |
|
Hunger for |
a strong desire or craving for something |
ক্ষুধা |
|
Phrase |
English Meaning |
Bengali Meaning |
|
ill with |
afflicted by |
পীড়িত |
|
impose on |
force something upon |
চাপান |
|
in favour of |
supporting |
পক্ষে |
|
indebted to |
obligated/grateful to |
ঋণী |
|
indifferent to |
showing no interest |
উদাসীন |
|
indulge in |
take pleasure in |
মগ্ন হওয়া |
|
inferior to |
lower in quality |
নিকৃষ্ট |
|
informed of |
made aware of |
কোন বস্তু সমন্ধে জানানো |
|
inquire about |
ask about something |
জিজ্ঞেস করা |
|
inquire of |
ask someone |
জিজ্ঞেস করা |
|
insist on |
demand strongly |
জিদ করা |
|
interest in |
having curiosity or liking |
আগ্রহ |
|
interfere in |
meddle in |
অনধিকার চর্চা |
|
interfere with |
hinder or obstruct |
অনধিকার চর্চা |
|
invite to |
ask someone to join |
আমন্ত্রণ |
|
involved in |
engaged in |
লিপ্ত হওয়া |
|
jealous of |
envious of |
ঈর্ষা পরায়ণ |
|
ignorant of |
lacking knowledge about |
অজ্ঞ |
|
Phrase |
English Meaning |
Bengali Meaning |
|
jump at |
eagerly accept |
লাফিয়ে পড়া /আগ্রহে গ্রহণ করা |
|
jump to |
move quickly to |
তাড়াহুড়ো করে কিছু করা |
|
junior to |
lower in rank |
নিম্ন পদস্থ |
|
justice to |
treat fairly do properly |
ন্যায় প্রদান করা |
|
Phrase |
English Meaning |
Bengali Meaning |
|
key to |
solution or access to |
চাবিকাঠি / উপায় |
|
kind of |
somewhat/sort of |
কিছুটা / প্রকারভেদ |
|
kind to |
being gentle or caring toward |
দয়ালু |
|
lack of |
absence of |
অভাব |
|
lacking in |
not having enough of |
অভাব হওয়া |
|
lame of |
physically disabled in a limb |
খোড়া |
|
lament for |
express grief or sorrow for |
অনুতাপ করা |
|
late in |
delayed in |
বিলম্বে |
|
laugh at |
mock or ridicule |
ঠাট্টা করা |
|
listen to |
pay attention to sound |
শোনা |
|
liable to |
responsible for / likely to |
দায়ী |
|
liking for |
fondness or preference |
পছন্দ |
|
limit to |
restrict to |
সীমা |
|
live on |
subsist on |
খাইয়া জীবন ধারণ করা |
|
live within |
stay within (a budget, etc.) |
সীমার মধ্যে থাকা |
|
long for |
strongly desire |
প্রত্যাশা করা |
|
look after |
take care of |
দেখাশোনা করা |
|
look at |
gaze or direct eyes toward |
তাকান |
|
look for |
search |
খোঁজা |
|
look into |
investigate |
তদন্ত করা |
|
look over |
examine / inspect |
পরিদর্শন করা |
|
look up |
search for (in a book, etc.) |
খোঁজা |
|
loyal to |
faithful to |
অনুগত |
|
mad with |
insane / crazed by |
পাগল |
|
made of |
composed of |
তৈরি |
|
make for |
go toward / be useful for |
জন্য |
|
make out |
prove / understand clearly |
প্রমাণ করা |
|
marry to |
be wedded to |
বিবাহীত |
|
mourn for |
grieve the loss of |
শোক করা |
|
mourn over |
express sorrow about |
শোক করা |
|
need for |
requirement |
প্রয়োজন |
|
need of |
necessity |
প্রয়োজন |
|
Phrase |
Meaning (English) |
Meaning (Bengali) |
|
object to |
express opposition |
আপত্তি করা |
|
oblige to |
be bound or required |
বাধিত |
|
owe to |
be indebted to |
ঋণী হওয়া |
|
obsessed by/with |
mentally consumed |
অন্ধকারাচ্ছন্ন |
|
obstacle to |
barrier or hindrance |
বাধা |
|
occupied in |
engaged in |
ব্যাপৃত |
|
occupied with |
busy with |
ব্যাস্ত |
|
offend against |
violate |
লঙ্ঘন করা |
|
occur to |
happen or come to mind |
ঘটা |
|
offended at/with |
hurt or angry |
ক্ষুব্ধ |
|
overcome with/by |
overwhelmed or conquered by |
অতিক্রম করা |
|
offensive to |
causing displeasure |
পীড়াদায়ক |
|
officiate for |
act on behalf of |
প্রতিনিধিত্ব করা |
|
officiate in |
perform duties in |
প্রতিনিধিত্ব করা |
|
open at |
opened to a page/location |
খোলা |
|
open to |
accessible or receptive to |
উন্মুক্ত |
|
opportunity for |
chance or possibility for |
সুযোগ |
|
opposite to |
contrary to |
বিপরীতে |
|
Phrase |
Meaning (English) |
Meaning (Bengali) |
|
parallel to |
aligned with / similar |
সমান্তরাল |
|
part from |
become separated from |
বিচ্ছিন্ন হওয়া |
|
part with |
give up or let go |
কোন কিছু ত্যাগ করা |
|
partial to |
favoring one side |
পক্ষপাতদুষ্ট |
|
partiality for |
unfair bias or favoritism |
পক্ষপাতিত্ব |
|
pass away |
die |
মারা যাওয়া |
|
pass for |
be accepted as |
কিছু বলিয়া পরিগণিত হওয়া |
|
persist in |
continue stubbornly |
জিদ |
|
pity for |
feel compassion for |
দয়া করা |
|
play on |
use words cleverly |
কথার খেলা করা |
|
plead for |
request earnestly |
আবেদন করা |
|
plead with |
try to convince |
আত্মসমর্থন করা |
|
pleased at |
happy about |
খুশি |
|
pleased with |
satisfied with |
খুশি |
|
polite in |
courteous in |
ভদ্র |
|
popular with |
liked by many |
জনপ্রিয় |
|
prefer to |
choose one over another |
পছন্দ করা |
|
preferable to |
more desirable |
পছন্দনীয় |
|
preside over |
be in charge of |
সভাপতিত্ব করা |
|
pretend to |
make believe / act falsely |
ভান করা |
|
prevent from |
stop from doing something |
বিরত করা |
|
pride in |
take pride in |
গৌরব করা |
|
prior to |
before |
পূর্বে |
|
prohibit from |
forbid |
বিরত রাখা |
|
prompt at |
quick in |
চট্পটে |
|
prompt in |
ready / responsive in |
তৎপর |
|
proud of |
feeling pride |
গর্বিত |
|
proportionate to |
in correct relation to size/amount |
সমানুপাতিক |
|
provide against |
save for future need |
দুর্দিনের জন্য সঞ্চয় |
|
provide with |
supply |
দেয়া |
|
prone to |
likely to do |
প্রবণ |
|
Phrase |
Meaning (English) |
Meaning (Bengali) |
|
qualified for |
suitable or eligible for |
উপযুক্ত |
|
quarrel about |
argue over a subject |
বিষয়ে করহ করা |
|
quarrel for / over |
fight over something |
ঝগড়া করা |
|
quick of |
having quick senses or reaction |
দ্রুত |
|
quarrel with |
argue with someone |
কাহারও সাথে ঝগড়া করা |
|
quick at |
fast in action or learning |
চটপটে |
|
Phrase |
Meaning (English) |
Meaning (Bengali) |
|
refer to |
indicate / mention |
ইঙ্গিত |
|
rejoice in / at |
be very happy about |
আনন্দিত |
|
responsible to / for |
accountable to / for |
দায়ী |
|
relevant to |
connected with |
প্রাসঙ্গিক |
|
rely on |
depend on |
নির্ভর করা |
|
remedy for |
cure or solution |
প্রতিকার |
|
remind of |
cause to remember |
মনে করিয়ে দেওয়া |
|
render into |
translate / turn into |
বাঁধান |
|
replace with |
substitute |
প্রতিস্থাপন |
|
rest upon |
depend or rely on |
নির্ভর করা |
|
resign to |
leave a position |
পদত্যাগ |
|
respect of |
in regard to |
সম্পর্কে |
|
respect to |
regarding |
সম্পর্কে |
|
respond to |
reply to |
জবাব দেওয়া |
|
rob of |
steal from |
চুরি করা |
|
retire from |
withdraw from work |
অবসর গ্রহণ করা |
|
rich in |
abundant in |
সমৃদ্ধ |
|
rid of |
free from |
মুক্তি |
|
restore to |
return to previous state |
গ্রহণ করা |
|
restrict to |
limit to |
সীমাবদ্ধ |
|
Phrase |
Meaning (English) |
Meaning (Bengali) |
|
sanguine of |
optimistic about |
আশাবাদী |
|
satisfaction in |
content with something |
সন্তুষ্ট |
|
satisfied with |
pleased with |
সন্তুষ্ট |
|
search for |
look for something |
অনুসন্ধান করা |
|
search of |
the act of looking for something |
অনুসন্ধান |
|
send for |
request someone to come |
পাঠানো |
|
senior to |
of higher rank than |
ঊর্ধ্বতন |
|
sensible of |
aware of |
অবগত |
|
sensitive to |
easily affected by emotions |
সংবেদনশীল |
|
sentence to |
declare a punishment |
মৃত্যুদণ্ড |
|
sick of |
tired of something |
ক্লান্ত |
|
similar to |
alike or comparable to |
সমান |
|
slow of |
sluggish or slow in action |
ধীর |
|
smell of |
detect a scent of |
গন্ধ |
|
smile on |
smile upon someone or something |
অনুগ্রহ করা |
|
stare at |
look at something intently |
এক দৃষ্টে চাওয়া |
|
subject to |
dependent on |
নির্ভরশীল |
|
succeed in |
achieve success in |
সাফল্য লাভ করা |
|
suffer from |
endure or be affected by |
সহ্য করা |
|
superior to |
higher in rank or quality |
উচ্চতর |
|
supply to |
provide something to someone |
কাউকে কোন কিছু সরবরাহ করা |
|
supply with |
provide something for use |
কোন কিছু সরবরাহ করা |
|
sure of |
confident about something |
নিশ্চিত |
|
sympathy for |
compassion or concern for |
সহানুভূতি |
|
Phrase |
Meaning (English) |
Meaning (Bengali) |
|
take after |
resemble or be similar to |
সদৃশ হওয়া |
|
talk of |
discuss or mention |
আলাপ |
|
talk to |
have a conversation with |
আলাপ–আলোচনা করা |
|
taste for |
preference or liking for something |
পছন্দ |
|
tell upon |
cause harm or damage |
ক্ষতি করা |
|
think of |
consider or reflect on |
সম্পর্কে ভাবা |
|
think over |
reconsider or ponder |
পুনরায় ভাবিয়া দেখা |
|
tide over |
overcome a difficulty |
বিপদ কাটাইয়া উঠা |
|
tired of |
bored or annoyed with |
বিরক্ত |
|
tolerant of |
accepting or patient with |
সহনশীল |
|
triumph over |
achieve victory over |
জয়লাভ করা |
|
true to |
loyal or faithful to |
অটল |
|
trust to |
rely on |
নির্ভর করা |
|
trust with |
entrust someone with something |
বিশ্বাস করা |
|
Phrase |
Meaning (English) |
Meaning (Bengali) |
|
vexed with |
annoyed or irritated by |
বিরক্ত |
|
vain of |
proud or conceited about |
গর্বিত |
|
useful for / to |
beneficial or helpful for/to |
প্রয়োজনীয় |
|
vary from |
differ or be distinct from |
পৃথক হওয়া |
|
vex for |
annoy or trouble for |
উত্ত্যক্ত করা |
|
Phrase |
Meaning (English) |
Meaning (Bengali) |
|
unite with |
come together or join |
মিলন |
|
useful for / to |
beneficial or helpful for/to |
প্রয়োজনীয় |
|
Phrase |
Meaning (English) |
Meaning (Bengali) |
|
vexed with |
annoyed or irritated by |
বিরক্ত |
|
vain of |
proud or conceited about |
গর্বিত |
|
useful for / to |
beneficial or helpful for/to |
প্রয়োজনীয় |
|
vary from |
differ or be distinct from |
পৃথক হওয়া |
|
vex for |
annoy or trouble for |
উত্ত্যক্ত করা |
|
void of |
lacking or without |
বিরহিত |
|
zest for |
great enthusiasm or eagerness |
অনুরাগ |
|
want of |
lack of something |
অভাব |
|
warn of |
caution or alert about something |
সতর্ক হওয়া |
|
weak in |
not strong or proficient in |
দুর্বল |
|
weak of |
lacking strength or quality |
দুর্বল |
|
weary of |
tired or bored of |
ক্লান্ত |
|
wish for |
desire or hope for something |
বাসনা করা |
|
wonder at |
be amazed or surprised by |
অবাক হওয়া |
|
worthy of |
deserving of something |
যোগ্য |
|
yield to |
give in or surrender to |
নতি স্বীকার করা |
|
zeal for |
great enthusiasm or passion for |
উৎসাহী |
|
zealous for |
enthusiastic or passionate about |
উৎসাহী |
|
wait for / on |
expect or remain in anticipation of |
অপেক্ষা করা |
Rules on Preposition
Definition: Preposition shows the time, space, location, direction or logical relationship between a noun or pronoun and other words in a sentence. Prepositions that usually stand in front of nouns show the relationship between a noun or a pronoun and some other word in the rest of the sentence.
List of Prepositions:
About (সম্পর্কে), Above (উপরে), Across (জুড়ে), After (পরে), Against (বিরুদ্ধে), Along (বরাবর), Among (মধ্যে), Around (প্রায়), At (প্রতি), Before (আগে), Behind (পেছন), Below (নিচে), Beside (পাশে), Between (মধ্যে), Beyond (বাহিরে), By (দ্বারা), Except (ছাড়া), For (জন্য), From (থেকে), In (মধ্যে), Like (মত), Near (কাছাকাছি), Of (এর), Off (দূরে/হইতে), On (উপর), Onto (সম্মুখের দিকে), Out of (বাহিরে), Outside (বাহিরে), Over (উপর), Regarding (বিষয়ে), Since (থেকে), Than (চেয়ে), Through (মাধ্যমে), Till (পর্যন্ত), To (প্রতি), Toward (দিকে), Towards (দিকে), Throughout (সর্বত্রব্যাপী), Under (নীচে), Underneath (অধীনে), Unlike (অসদৃশ), Until (যতক্ষণ না পর্যন্ত), Up (উপর), Upon (উপর), With (সঙ্গে), Within (মধ্যে), Without (ছাড়া)
Look at the following chart
|
1. Place/position |
at, about, above, across, against, among, before, behind, below, between, by, down, in, inside, of, on, over, under, upon, with, within, near |
|
2. Time |
at, after, before, by, during, from, for, in, on, since, till, until, within, throughout |
|
3. Direction/movement |
at , away, from, across, down, for, from, into, off, over, out of, round, to, towards, up |
|
4. Agency/instrument |
at, by, with, through, from |
|
5. Reason/purpose |
for, from, of, through, to, with |
|
6. Possession |
of, with |
|
7.Standard/rate /value/speed |
at, by |
|
8. Other |
except, as/like, without, than, unlike |
Classification of Preposition
|
Classification |
Example |
|
1. Simple Preposition |
in, on, at, about, over, under, off, of, for, to etc. |
|
2. Double Preposition |
within (with+in), into (in+to) outside of, out of, from behind, from beneath |
|
3. Compound Preposition |
across=on+cross, behind=by+hind, without=with+out, within =with+in, inside=in+side, beneath=by+neath, outside=out+side, into=in+to, along = on+long, by+side=beside, by+fore =before, by+tween=between, by+ yond =beyond, on+by+out=about, etc. |
|
4. Phrase Preposition |
in front of, because of, by means of, with regard to, on behalf of, instead of, on account of, in opposition to, for the sake of etc. |
|
5. participle Preposition |
according, regarding, concerning, notwithstanding, pending, considering |
|
6. Disguised Preposition |
It is 10 O’ clock. (O’ = of), I go a hunting. (a = on), He was standing a side of her. (on=a), She comes here once a/per week. (on =a/per) |
Rules of Preposition
|
On |
|
|
Usage |
Example |
|
days of the week/dates |
on Monday, on the 14th June |
|
attached |
the picture on the wall |
|
for a place with a river |
London lies on the Thames. |
|
being on a surface |
on the table |
|
for a certain side (left, right) |
on the left |
|
for a floor in a house |
on the first floor |
|
for public transport, TV, radio |
on the bus/plane , on TV/ radio |
|
walking or riding on horseback |
on foot, on horseback |
|
entering a public transport |
get on the bus |
|
to indicate a part of the body |
on my shoulder/cheek/finger |
|
to indicate the state of something |
this store is on sale, on fire |
|
In |
|
|
big place |
In Dhaka |
|
picture, world |
in the picture, in the world |
|
months / seasons |
in August / in winter |
|
time of day |
in the morning |
|
year |
in 2006 |
|
after a certain period of time |
in an hour |
|
entering a car/Taxi |
get in the car |
|
room, building, street, town, country |
in the kitchen, in London |
|
book, paper etc. |
in the book |
|
car, taxi |
in the car, in a taxi |
|
At |
|
|
for night |
at night |
|
for weekend |
at the weekend |
|
a certain point of time |
at half past nine |
|
to indicate a place |
at Mirpur, at the park, at the stadium |
|
meaning next to, by an object |
at the door, at the station |
|
for table |
at the table |
|
for events |
at a concert, at the party |
|
places to do something typical |
at the cinema, at school, at work |
|
for age |
She learned Russian at 45. |
|
To |
|
|
telling the time |
ten to six (5:50) |
|
movement to person or building |
go to the cinema |
|
movement to a place or country |
go to London/ Ireland |
|
for bed |
go to bed |
|
By |
|
|
in the sense of at the latest |
I will be back by 6 o’clock. |
|
up to a certain time |
By 11 o’clock, I read five pages. |
|
who made it |
a book by Mark Twain |
|
rise or fall of something, travelling |
prices risen by 10 percent by car, by bus |
|
Over |
|
|
covered by something else |
put a jacket over your shirt |
|
meaning more than |
over 16 years of age |
|
getting to the other side |
walk over the bridge |
|
overcoming an obstacle |
climb over the wall |
|
Above |
|
|
who/ what does it belong to |
a page of the book |
|
what does it show |
the picture of a palace |
|
race |
He comes of respectable family. |
|
to |
It is the car of my uncle. |
|
instrument |
The house is made of brick. |
|
lack |
He is devoid of courtesy. |
|
cause |
He died of heart attack. |
Some confusing preposition
1. রাস্তার নামসহ বাসার নম্বরের আগে at ব্যবহূত হয় কিন্তু শুধু রাস্তার নাম বোঝালে in ব্যবহূত হয়।
যেমন: We live at 89 Mirpur Road, Dhaka. They opened an office at 29 Central Road. We live in Mirpur Road, Dhaka. They have opened an office in Central Road.
2. বাড়ির সামনে বা পেছনে বোঝালে at বসে কিন্তু যান বাহনের সামনে বা পেছনে বোঝালে in ব্যবহূত হয়।
যেমন: There is a garden at the front of our house and a pond at the back of our house. Please sit in the front of the car; don’t sit in the back.
3. শুধু রাত বোঝালে at ব্যবহূত হয়। কিন্তু গভীর রাত বোঝালে in ব্যবহূত হয়।
যেমন: We work by day but sleep at night. I woke up in the night.
4. স্থায়ী কোনো কাজের সঙ্গে যুক্ত থাকা বোঝাতে at এবং স্থায়ী কোনো কাজের সঙ্গে যুক্ত থাকা বোঝাতে in ব্যবহূত হয়।
যেমন: They are at work now. Boys are at play now. He is in army. She is in politics.
5. খামার বোঝালে on এবং কারখানা বোঝালে তার আগে in ব্যবহূত হয়।
যেমন: He works on a farm; but his brother works in a factory.
6. হাতল বিহীন চেয়ার বোঝালে on এবং হাতল বিশিষ্ট চেয়ার হলে তার আগে in ব্যবহূত
হয়।
যেমন: Don’t sit on that chair, it is broken. Please sit in this armchair, Comilla stands on the Dhaka- Chittagong Highway. We live in Rankin Street in Dhaka.
7. ঘরের কোণ বোঝালে in বসে কিন্তু রাস্তার কোণ বোঝালে on/at ব্যবহূত হয়।
যেমন: There is a television in the corner of our drawing room. There is a tea-stall at / on the corner of the street.
8. তাপমাত্রা ও উচ্চতার ক্ষেত্রে above ব্যবহূত হয়। আবার বয়স বোঝালে over ব্যবহূত হয়।
যেমন: The temperature is three degree above zero.The summit of Everest is about 8000 metres above the sea level. My grandfather is now over eighty. She has been here over two hours.
9.নদী, সীমানা, রাস্তা, ইত্যাদি অন্য পাশে বোঝাতে across/ over ব্যবহূত হয়।
যেমন: It is just across/over the border. It was coming towards me across/ over the bridge.
10. নির্দিষ্ট সময়ে শুরু বোঝালে Since বসে কিন্তু সময়ের সমষ্টি বোঝালে for বসে। since ব্যবহূত হয় শুধু Perfect Tense-এর ক্ষেত্রে। কিন্তু from ব্যবহৃত হয় সব Tense-এর ক্ষেত্রে।
He has been there since Friday last. I will be at home from tomorrow. I haven’t seen you for a long time. I haven’t seen you since September. I Just want to sit down for five minutes. I have known her since January, 1980. He has been here since Friday last. I have been waiting here since 6 o’clock. I was waiting here from 6 o’clock. He was fond of music from his childhood.
Exercises on Preposition
1. He came–7 o’clock. 2. He will start–the lunch. 3. They came–Monday. 4. Mehenaj will return–dinner. 5. It has been raining–a week. 6. It has been raining–Monday. 7. He will come–7 o’clock. 8. Rifa will come–8 o’ clock. 9. Kamrul is–home. 10. I am–my class. 11. He has no roof–his head. 12. There is an umbrella–my head. 13. There is a cap–his head. 14. The thief stood–the judge. 15. He is sitting–a tree. 16. He stood–the station. 17. A beggar is standing–the door. 18. He is above me—rank. 19. He climbed–a tree. 20. He is going–school. 21. He fired–the enemy. 22. He is kind–the poor. 23. There is unity–the boys. 24. There is a village–the hills. 25. There is friendship–Kamal and Jamil. 26. Switzerland lies–France and Germany. 27. He is going–market. 28. She was going to hospital–treatment. 29. They are coming–school. 30. I had a phone call–my cousin. 31. Translate–English. 32. Love turned–hatred. 33. Ice melts–water. 34. Speak clearly–the microphone. 35. He bought a pen–Mohan. 36. He has started–Chittagong. 37. He died–his country. 38. He lives–others. 39. It is a poem–Nazrul. 40. This road runs–Dhaka to Sylhet. 41. I borrowed a book–the library. 42. Leaves are falling–the tree. 43. He is–duty now. 44. He is away–home. 45. The dog jumped–the chair. 46. This chair is made–wood. 47. Steel is made–iron. 48. We make butter–milk. 49. He came here–car. 50. This play was written–Minhaj. 51. He speaks–English. 52. The house was destroyed–fire. 53. We see–our eyes. 54. We can’t see–eyes. 55. My uncle died–cholera. 56. He died –loss of blood. 57. He is trembling–fear. 58. He will suffer–his bad habits. 59. Rice sells–taka 25 a kilo. 60. It is ten–my watch. 61. She is rather tall–her age. 62. She is good at figure. 63. My mother is good–cooking. 64. He is clever–games. 65. I played–my friends. 66. He came–his umbrella. 67. I stand–my friend. 68. He is–the judgment. 69. I am reading a book–English grammar. 70. I told him–my school. 71. Write a paragraph–your school. 72. He is careless–his health. 73. Rihat came home–nine o’clock. 74. The birds start chirping–dawn. 75. I usually get up–6 o’clock. 76. He goes to school–10 am. 77. I could not sleep–midnight. 78. He will come–8:30 pm. 79. I will see you–the end of January. 80. My father will go to London–the beginning of March. 81. Please phone me–lunch time. 82. He will come there–dinner time. 83. He lives–Dhanmondi. 84. I arrived–Kamalapur station–7 o’clock. 85. He waited–the bus stop for over twenty minutes. 86. There were many people–the party. 87. The principal delivered his speech–the meeting. 88. He met Rahat–the concert. 89. He was shocked–his father’s sudden death. 90. He was upset–his failure in the examination. 91. I was delighted–my son’s success. 92. He was alarmed–the news. 93. Rima is good–Mathematics. 94. Lotus is good–typing. 95. He left school–the age of 15. 96. Rice sells–taka 30 a kilo. 97. I was born–March. 98. Our house was built–the 19th century. 99. He learnt driving–three months. 100. He will leave–home in a few hours.
Answer:
1. He came at 7 o’clock. 2. He will start after the lunch. 3. They came on Monday. 4. Mehenaj will return after dinner. 5. It has been raining for a week. 6. It has been raining since Monday. 7. He will come at 7 o’clock. 8. Rifa will come at 8 o’clock. 9. Kamrul is at home. 10. I am in my class. 11. He has no roof over his head. 12. There is an umbrella over my head. 13. There is a cap on his head. 14. The thief stood before the judge. 15. He is sitting under a tree. 16. He stood at the station. 17. A beggar is standing at the door. 18. He is above me in rank. 19. He climbed up a tree. 20. He is going to school. 21. He fired at the enemy. 22. He is kind to the poor. 23. There is unity among the boys. 24. There is a village among the hills. 25. There is friendship between Kamal and Jamil. 26. Switzerland lies between France and Germany. 27. He is going to market. 28. She was going to hospital for treatment. 29. They are coming from school. 30. I had a phone call from my cousin. 31. Translate into English. 32. Love turned into hatred. 33. Ice melts into water. 34. Speak clearly into the microphone. 35. He bought a pen from Mohan. 36. He has started for Chittagong. 37. He died for his country. 38. He lives for others. 39. It is a poem by Nazrul. 40. This road runs from Dhaka to Sylhet. 41. I borrowed a book from the library. 42. Leaves are falling from the tree. 43. He is on duty now. 44. He is away from home. 45. The dog jumped over the chair. 46. This chair is made of wood. 47. Steel is made from iron. 48. We make butter from milk. 49. He came here by car. 50. This play was written by Minhaj. 51. He speaks in English. 52. The house was destroyed by fire. 53. We see with our eyes. 54. We can’t see without eyes. 55. My uncle died of cholera. 56. He died from loss of blood. 57. He is trembling with fear. 58. He will suffer from his bad habits. 59. Rice sells at taka 25 a kilo. 60. It is ten by my watch. 61. She is rather tall for her age. 62. She is good at figures. 63. My mother is good at cooking. 64. He is clever at games. 65. I played with my friends. 66. He came with his umbrella. 67. I stand by my friend. 68. He is under the judgment. 69. I am reading a book on English grammar. 70. I told him about my school. 71. Write a paragraph on your school. 72. He is careless about his health. 73. Rihat came home at nine o’clock. 74. The birds start chirping at dawn. 75. I usually get up at 6 o’clock. 76. He goes to school at 10 am. 77. I could not sleep till midnight. 78. He will come at 8:30 pm. 79. I will see you at the end of January. 80. My father will go to London at the beginning of March. 81. Please phone me at lunchtime. 82. He will come there at dinnertime. 83. He lives in Dhanmondi. 84. I arrived at Kamalapur station at 7 o’clock. 85. He waited at the bus stop for over twenty minutes. 86. There were many people at the party. 87. The principal delivered his speech at the meeting. 88. He met Rahat at the concert. 89. He was shocked at his father’s sudden death. 90. He was upset at his failure in the examination. 91. I was delighted at my son’s success. 92. He was alarmed at the news. 93. Rima is good at Mathematics. 94. Lotus is good at typing. 95. He left school at the age of 15. 96. Rice sells at taka 30 a kilo. 97. I was born in March. 98. Our house was built in the 19th century. 99. He learnt driving in three months. 100. He will leave for home in a few hours.
Adverb
Definition: An adverb is a part of speech that modifies or describes a verb, an adjective, or another adverb. It provides additional information about how, when, where, to what extent, or under what condition an action is performed. Adverbs often end in -ly, but not always.
Adverb = Adjective+ly
| Adverb | Modifying | Example |
| extremely | adjective | The water was extremely cold. |
| quite | adjective | The movie is quite interesting. |
| just | verb | He was just leaving. |
| almost | verb | She has almost finished. |
| very | adverb | She is running very fast. |
| too | adverb | You are walking too slowly. |
| enough | adverb | You are running fast enough. |
There are three kinds of adverbs – Simple, Interrogative and Relative. The vast majority of adverbs belong to Simple Adverbs
|
Kinds |
Description |
Example |
|
Adverb of time |
answer the question “When/How long/ How often” |
now, then, soon, tomorrow, yesterday, today, tonight, again, early, yesterday, never, lately, just, always, recently, during, yet, sometimes, usually, so far |
|
Adverb of place |
answer the question “Where” |
somewhere, here, there, near, somewhere, outside, ahead, on the top, at some place, inside, upstairs, nowhere, abroad, out, in, above, below, everywhere, up, down, etc. |
|
Adverbs of manner |
answer the question “How” |
loudly, slowly, correctly, fast, easily, carefully, neatly, quickly, sadly, calmly, politely, kindly, lazily, beautifully, undoubtedly, surprisingly, admiringly, |
|
Adverb of frequency |
how often the verb occurs |
daily, sometimes, often, seldom, usually, frequently, always, ever, generally, rarely, monthly, yearly, never, hardly normally, twice, weekly. occasionally again |
|
Adverbs of degree/ quantity |
answer the question “To what degree or extent” |
Negative: not, little, scarcely, hardly, etc.Slight degree: a little slightly, somewhat, rather |
|
Adverb of Number |
show number of action of the verb |
firstly, secondly, once, yearly, never, twice, lastly, etc. |
|
Adverb of Cause and Effect |
answer the question, purpose and result |
because, as, as long as, therefore, hence, thus, consequently, so, since |
|
Interrogative Adverb |
used for asking questions |
when, why, where, how long, how early, how soon etc. |
|
Relative Adverb |
introduces an adjective clause |
where, when, and why |
Identify adverb from the following sentences.
She always arrives early. He drives carefully. They go everywhere together. She eats slowly. It is terribly hot. She was walking rapidly. The kids love playing together in the sandbox. Please come inside now. His jokes are always very funny. You don’t really care, do you? Jenny ran fast. Let’s go to the party afterwards. Urmi was very sleepy. Go to bed now. This pie is surprisingly good. Please try harder. Marie is always on time. Yesterday, we learned about multiplication. I like to eat ice cream sometimes. Please walk across the street. He swims well. He ran quickly. She spoke softly. James coughed loudly to attract her attention. He plays the flute beautifully. He ate the chocolate cake greedily. He gave us the money generously. She sometimes helps us. He speaks very slowly. She arrived today. Let’s go outside. We ran yesterday. He ran here. He ran barefoot. He ran yesterday. He looked around. I searched it everywhere. I’m going back to school. They built a house nearby. She took the child outside. Here comes the bus. There goes the bell. There it is. Here they are. The child went indoors. He lived and worked abroad. Water always flows downhill. The wind pushed us sideways. She likes me. So far, we have found twelve grammar mistakes. I haven’t been going to the gym lately. We recently bought a new car. The young soldier folded his clothes neatly in a pile at the end of his bunk. I politely opened the door for my grandmother as she stepped out of the car. A fat orange and white cat rested lazily on the sofa. Can I come to the movies too? Aren’t you hungry? You’ve hardly touched your dinner. I’m so excited to see the new James Bond movie! He collapsed and died yesterday. His factory was burned down a few months ago. Last week, we were stuck in the lift for an hour. I rarely eat fast food these days. Tom usually takes his dog for a walk before breakfast. They always go to the same restaurant every Friday. We can stop here for lunch. The schoolboy was knocked over by a school bus. They rushed for their lives when fire broke out in the floor below. The brothers were badly injured in the fight. They had to act fast to save the others floating in the water. At the advanced age of 88, she still sang very well. It was too dark for us to find our way out of the cave. The referee had to stop the match when it began to rain really heavily. Her daughter is quite fat for her age. The accident victim nearly died from his injuries. After all these years, she is still feeling very sad about her father’s death. They were almost fifty when they got married. He hardly ever say something nice to his wife. While overseas, he frequently phoned home. She is not nearly always right although she thinks she is always right. He complained that she never smiled back. We only write to each other very occasionally. Peter seldom reads the Bible. Sometimes he stays late in the office to complete his work. Consequently he denied to come to the party. I eat food twice a day. He saw me once. Krishna was hence neglected by the teachers. She thus opened the door applying little visible force. He, therefore, does not want to talk to me. The teacher is ill and therefore is unable to come to school. Our cat was bitten twice by the same dog. The man usually proposes marriage We are late. She died two years ago. I wrote to him yesterday. Have you seen him before? May I leave now? I will soon return. He will come tomorrow. I have warned him already. I haven’t read anything lately. We have been living here for several years. I searched for him everywhere. They went upstairs. May I come in? She came forward. I decided to go there. You are always welcome. I have gone there only once. We visit them frequently. I often go there. I have seen him only once. Secondly, I can’t afford to buy it. The soldiers fought bravely. Walk carefully. I was terribly upset. He is seriously ill. She was pleasantly surprised. She can speak English well. He is quite strong. She is very beautiful. I am fully prepared. My work is almost finished. This is good enough. You are absolutely right. He is entirely wrong. He was rather busy. He did not work hard, therefore, he failed. Consequently he refused to come. I was not working hard, therefore, I failed.
Adjective
Definition: Adjectives describe, or modify, nouns and pronouns. An adjective gives information about the colour, size, characteristic, quality, quantity or personal traits of a noun or pronoun. Generally an adjective modifies a noun by answering one of these following questions:
Which? What kind? How many?
Example:
The one-eyed man tells him the story. (Answer the question ‘Which man?’)
Fox is a cunning animal. (Answer the question ‘What kind of animal?’)
Five or six gunmen attack the area. (Answer the question ‘How many gunmen?’)
Classification: There are five kinds of adjective as follow.
| 1. Adjective of Quality | quality | tall, good, beautiful honest, kind, large, bulky, thin, fat, smart, ugly etc. |
| 2. Adjective of Quantity | quantity | some, any, much, few, little, enough, all, many, half, no, great, etc. |
| 3. Numeral Adjective | number of noun | first, second, one, two, three, every, each, another, many, some, any, few, all, several, neither, either |
| 4. Demonstrative Adjective | point out the noun | this, these, that, such, and those |
| 5. Interrogative Adjective | ask a question | where, what, which, whose |
| 6. Possessive Adjective | belongs to someone | my, your, our, their, his, her and its |
Classification of Adjectives
Adjectives can be classified into various categories based on their functions and meanings. Here are the main types of adjectives:
1. Descriptive (Qualitative) Adjectives
These adjectives describe the qualities or characteristics of a noun or pronoun. They answer questions like “What kind?” or “What is it like?”
Examples:
The beautiful garden is filled with flowers. (Beautiful describes the garden)
He wore a blue jacket. (Blue describes the color of the jacket)
Common Descriptive Adjectives:
Tall, small, bright, intelligent, strong, delicious, happy, sad.
2. Quantitative Adjectives
These adjectives indicate the quantity or amount of a noun. They answer the question “How much?” or “How many?”
Examples:
I have two pens. (Two indicates the number of pens)
She has little time to finish the task. (Little indicates the amount of time)
Common Quantitative Adjectives:
Few, many, much, several, all, some, no, one, ten.
3. Demonstrative Adjectives
Demonstrative adjectives point out specific nouns. They answer the question “Which one?”
Examples:
This book is mine. (This specifies which book)
Those apples look fresh. (Those specifies which apples)
Common Demonstrative Adjectives:
This, that, these, those.
4. Possessive Adjectives
Possessive adjectives show ownership or possession. They answer the question “Whose?”
Examples:
This is my laptop. (My shows possession of the laptop)
Their house is huge. (Their shows possession of the house)
Common Possessive Adjectives:
My, your, his, her, its, our, their.
5. Interrogative Adjectives
Interrogative adjectives are used to ask questions about a noun. They are placed before a noun in a question.
Examples:
Which movie are we watching? (Which asks about a specific movie)
What time is the meeting? (What asks about a specific time)
Common Interrogative Adjectives:
What, which, whose.
6. Indefinite Adjectives
Indefinite adjectives refer to non-specific amounts or quantities. They do not specify exact amounts.
Examples:
Several students participated in the event. (Several gives an indefinite quantity of students)
Do you have any questions? (Any refers to an indefinite quantity)
Common Indefinite Adjectives:
Some, many, few, several, all, any, each.
7. Proper Adjectives
Proper adjectives are derived from proper nouns and are always capitalized. They describe a noun by relating it to a specific person, place, or thing.
Examples:
She loves Italian food. (Italian is derived from the proper noun Italy)
I bought a Shakespearean novel. (Shakespearean is derived from Shakespeare)
Common Proper Adjectives:
American, Indian, Victorian, African, Shakespearean.
8. Numerical Adjectives
Numerical adjectives express numbers or the order of things. They are of two types: Cardinal and Ordinal adjectives.
Cardinal Adjectives indicate how many.
He has three dogs. (Three indicates the number of dogs)
Ordinal Adjectives indicate the order or position.
This is my second attempt. (Second indicates the position of the attempt)
9. Distributive Adjectives
Distributive adjectives refer to individual elements within a group, addressing each member separately.
Examples:
Each student must submit their homework. (Each refers to every individual student)
Every book on the shelf is new. (Every refers to all books individually)
Common Distributive Adjectives:
Each, every, either, neither.
10. Comparative and Superlative Adjectives
These adjectives are used to compare two or more things.
Comparative Adjectives compare two things and often end in “-er” or are used with “more.”
She is taller than her brother. (Taller compares two people)
Superlative Adjectives compare three or more things and often end in “-est” or are used with “most.”
This is the tallest building in the city. (Tallest compares more than two buildings)
Examples of Comparative and Superlative Adjectives:
Tall, taller, tallest
Good, better, best
Beautiful, more beautiful, most beautiful
Conclusion
Adjectives are essential parts of speech that enrich language by providing more detail and clarity to nouns and pronouns. Understanding the different types of adjectives and their functions allows us to use them effectively to describe and emphasize various aspects of the subjects we discuss.
Identify Adjectives
The warm days are here. The longest days come in June. Three feet make one yard. Seven days make one week. This boy will do your errand. Those books belong to Mary. That man is honest. He has eaten three apples. I don’t have much money. There is so much wine for the guests. This long, thin centipede has many legs. I spent my afternoon cleaning the toilet. This must be your cap. His arms have a few tattoos. Its skin is dry and rough. Our grandmothers were classmates. Ety is witty. They live in a beautiful house. Lisa is wearing a sleeveless shirt today. I used to buy this kind of shirts. The water was clean. The sun is high in the sky. This soup is not edible. She wore a beautiful dress. He writes meaningless letters. This shop is much nicer. She wore a beautiful dress. Ben is an adorable baby. Linda’s hair is gorgeous. This glass is breakable. I met a homeless person. She is tired. The cafeteria was attractive. Maria was tried after the long flight. Whales are larger than sharks. They are amazing. The walkway was small. Dad had a bald head. No one liked the cold pizza. The hot water boiled. Stay in the big area. Watch out, the table is heavy! It was dry in the desert. These skates are Frank’s. He had little love for work. There was much work to be done. Some people remember favors. Any man is liable to make mistakes. No word came from the steamer. Please make more haste. The less talk the more work. He opened the book at the sixth chapter, the tenth paragraph, the one hundred and eighth page. The American, French, and English ambassadors are safe. Children like sweet apples. She has an amiable disposition. It is a beauteous evening, calm and clear. He paid two hundred dollars for the horse. Sixteen ounces make a pound. Any man here can do a little work. He occupies the fourth seat in the seventh row. Yonder elm was planted by my grandfather. This house is older than yours. What book do you prefer? Which boy came late? He knew what value to place upon promises. It was easy to see which boy led his class. She saw the door was open.
Some rules of interchanging degrees
1. By using more and most
|
Positive |
Comparative |
Superlative |
|
Useful |
More useful |
Most useful |
|
Intelligent |
More Intelligent |
Most Intelligent |
|
Attentive |
More attentive |
Most attentive |
|
Difficult |
More difficult |
Most difficult |
|
courageous |
more courageous |
most courageous |
|
cunning |
more cunning |
most cunning |
|
famous |
more famous |
most famous |
|
faithful |
more faithful |
most faithful |
|
caring |
more/less caring |
most/least caring |
|
gifted |
more/less gifted |
most/least gifted |
|
active |
more active |
most active |
|
attractive |
more attractive |
most attractive |
|
beautiful |
more beautiful |
most beautiful |
|
brilliant |
more brilliant |
most brilliant |
|
careful |
more careful |
most careful |
|
splendid |
more splendid |
most splendid |
|
proper |
more proper |
most proper |
|
popular |
more popular |
most popular |
|
amazing |
More amazing |
most amazing |
|
terrible |
More terrible |
most terrible |
2. By adding ‘er’ and ‘est’
|
Positive |
Comparative |
Superlative |
|
Black |
Blacker |
Blackest |
|
Fair |
Fairer |
Fairest |
|
Clever |
Cleverer |
Cleverest |
|
Poor |
Poorer |
Poorest |
|
great |
greater |
greatest |
|
high |
higher |
highest |
|
kind |
kinder |
kindest |
|
long |
longer |
longest |
|
small |
smaller |
smallest |
|
rich |
richer |
richest |
|
bright |
brighter |
brightest |
|
strong |
stronger |
strongest |
|
bold |
bolder |
boldest |
|
young |
younger |
youngest |
|
cold |
colder |
coldest |
|
fast |
faster |
fastest |
|
sweet |
sweeter |
sweetest |
|
tall |
taller |
tallest |
|
weak |
weaker |
weakest |
|
thick |
thicker |
thickest |
3. By adding ‘r’ and ‘st’
|
Positive |
Comparative |
Superlative |
|
brave |
braver |
bravest |
|
fine |
finer |
finest |
|
large |
larger |
largest |
|
nice |
nicer |
nicest |
|
noble |
nobler |
noblest |
|
pale |
paler |
palest |
|
simple |
simpler |
simplest |
|
wise |
wiser |
wisest |
|
white |
whiter |
whitest |
4. By doubling the final consonats
|
Positive |
Comparative |
Superlative |
|
big |
bigger |
biggest |
|
dim |
dimmer |
dimmest |
|
fat |
fatter |
fattest |
|
sad |
sadder |
saddest |
|
hot |
hotter |
hottest |
|
thin |
thinner |
thinnest |
|
Wet |
Wetter |
Wettest |
|
slim |
slimmer |
slimmest |
5. By deleting the final ‘y’ and adding ‘ier’ and ‘iest’
|
Positive |
Comparative |
Superlative |
|
costly |
costlier |
costliest |
|
dry |
drier |
driest |
|
easy |
easier |
easiest |
|
happy |
happier |
happiest |
|
heavy |
heavier |
heaviest |
|
chewy |
chewier |
chewiest |
|
Prettier |
Prettier |
Prettiest |
|
Busy |
Busier |
Busiest |
|
lazy |
lasier |
lasiest |
|
mercy |
mercier |
merciest |
|
wealthy |
wealthier |
wealthiest |
6. Exceptional
|
Positive |
Comparative |
Superlative |
|
Good/well |
Better |
Best |
|
Bad/evil/ill |
Worse |
Worst |
|
Much/Many |
More |
Most |
|
Little |
Less |
Least |
|
Late |
later/latter |
Latest/last |
|
Old |
Older/elder |
Oldest/eldest |
|
near |
nearer |
nearest |
|
hind |
hinder |
hindermost |
|
Out |
Outer/utter |
Utmost/utter most |
|
Far |
Farther |
Farthest |
|
Fore |
Former |
Foremost/first |
|
Fore |
Further |
Furthest |
|
In |
Inner |
Inmost/inner most |
|
Up |
Upper |
Upmost/uppermost |
|
fun |
more/less fun |
most/least fun |
|
nigh |
nigher |
Nighest/ next |
There are also some adjectives that can be inflected using either form we looked at above. The following are some of the most common:
|
Adjective (positive degree) |
Comparative degree |
Superlative degree |
|
clever |
cleverer or more/less clever |
cleverest or most/least clever |
|
likely |
likelier or more/less likely |
likeliest or most/least likely |
|
narrow |
narrower or more/less narrow |
narrowest or most/least narrow |
|
quiet |
quieter or more/less quiet |
quietest or most/least quiet |
|
simple |
simpler or more/less simple |
simplest or most/least simple |
1. Turn the following superlative into comparative and positive:
bravest, driest, thinnest, most attractive, most important, best, fastest, quickest, truest, finest, hardest, deepest, coldest, gentlest, least interesting, wisest, ugliest, worst, dullest, utmost, greatest, eldest, blackest, cheapest, fairest
2. Fill in the blank with the right form of degree in the brackets.
(a) There is no other story as — (funny/funnier/funniest) as this.
(b) Bangladesh is — (populous/more populous/most populous) than any other country.
(c) He is — (sincere/more sincere/most sincere) than his brother.
(d) This is the — (foggy/foggier/foggiest) day in the year.
(e) Jacocabath is the (warm/warmer/warmest) place in the world.
(f) Hanif is — (old/older/oldest) than any other player in the team.
(g)City life is not as — (quiet/quieter/quietest) as village life.
(h) Mahbub is the — (wise/wiser/wisest) boy in the class.
(i)No other gift is as — (fine/finer/finest) as this.
(j)Starvation is — (honourable/more honourable/most honourable) than begging.
3. Fill in the blank with the right form of degree in the brackets.
(a) Kamal does not get as — (high/higher/highest) marks as Jamal.
(b) This milk is — (fresh/fresher/freshest) than that.
(c) He is — (friendly/more friendly/most friendly) to me than to you.
(d) Iron is not as — (light/lighter/lightest) as cotton.
(e) You seem — (sleepy/sleepier/sleepiest) than he.
(f)You are the — (lazy/lazier/laziest) boy I have ever seen.
(g) I do not feel as — (free/freer/freest) as you.
(h) The old man is the — (hungry/hungrier/hungriest) of all men.
(i)His hair is — (grey/greyer/greyest) than yours.
(j)Shahin is not — (bold/bolder/boldest) than Shabuj.
4. Fill in the blank with the right form of degree in the brackets.
(a) Shoheb is — (smart/smarter/smartest) than Sakib.
(b)Travelling is pleasant/more pleasant/most pleasant) than many other things.
(c)This is the — (fancy/fancier/fanciest) dress in the shop.
(d) Trees are the — (good/better/best friend to us.
(e) Nipa is not as — (dull/duller/dullest) as Rita.
(f) He is the — (brave/braver/bravest) man.
(g)A crow is — (ugly/uglier/ugliest) than a dove.
(h)The Cuckoo sings — (sweet/sweeter/sweetest) than most other birds.
(i)I love my country — (much/more/most) than anything else.
(j)I do not know any person as — (humble/humbler/humblest) as he.
5. Fill in the blank with the right form of degree in the brackets.
(a) Very few persons are as — (sad/sadder/saddest) as he.
(b) He is — (gentle/gentler/gentlest) than any other person in the village.
(c) I did not see anything as — (black/blacker/blackest) as this.
(d) Dishonour is not as — (preferable/more preferable/most preferable) as death.
(e) The Meghna is — (deep/deeper/deepest) than any other river in Bangladesh.
(f) This pen is as — (new/newer/newest) as that.
(g)Grapes are the — (tasty/tastier/tastiest) of all fruits.
(h) Anwar is — (young/younger/youngest) than Akmal.
(i) No other person is as — (wealthy/wealthier/wealthiest) as he.
(j) There is no other person as — (healthy/healthier/healthiest) as he.
6. Fill in the blank with the right form of degree in the brackets.
(a) Liza is the — (proud/prouder/proudest) of all girls.
(b) No other road is as — (muddy/muddier/muddiest) as this.
(c) English is — (rich/richer/richest) than any other language.
(d) The cow is — (useful/more useful/most useful) than any other animal.
(e) No other person is as — (hot/hotter/hottest) as he to do this job.
(f) He is — (near/nearer/nearest) to us than anybody else.
(g) He is the — (active/more active/most active) person.
(h) Milk is — (nutritious/more nutritious/ most nutritious) than any other food.
(i) These fruits are not as — (fresh/fresher/freshest) as those.
(j) This is — (good/better/best) than all other story books.
7. Fill in the blank with the right form of degree in the brackets.
(a) No other girl is as — (pretty/prettier/prettiest) as she.
(b) Gold is the — costly/costlier/costliest) of all metals.
(e) Your handwriting is — (clumsy/clumsier/clumsiest) than hers.
(d) I have not seen any person as — (cruel/crueler/cruelest) as he.
(e)Your hands are not as big/bigger/biggest) as hers.
(f)The Ramadan is the — (holy/holier/holiest) month for the Muslims.
(g)This ghee is — (pure/purer/purest) than that.
(h) Bangladesh is (green/greener/greenest) than many other countries.
(i) Very few persons are as — (greedy/greedier/greediest) as he.
(j) You seem — (gloomy/gloomier/gloomiest) than before.
8. Fill in the blank with the right form of degree in the brackets.
(a) Liton is the — (handsome/more handsome/ most handsome) boy in the school.
(b) His room is — (tidy/tidier/tidiest) than yours.
(c) The security of the airport was tight/tighter/tightest) than before.
(d) Sumi’s hair is — (curly/curlier/curliest) than Suma’s.
(e)His manner is — (calm/calmer/calmest) than any other person.
(f)Rina’s knowledge in English is not as — (sound/sounder/soundest) as Nasrin.
(g)This is the — (interesting/more interesting/most interesting) matter.
(h) She is — (happy/happier/happiest) than he.
(i) Honesty is — (much/more/most) than anything else.
(j) He is the — (thin/thinner/thinnest) boy in class.
9. Fill in the blank with the right form of degree in the brackets.
(a) The Padma is the — (large/larger/largest) river in Bangladesh.
(b) Gold is — (precious/more precious/most precious) than iron.
(c) No other girl is as — (pretty/prettier/prettiest) as Rani.
(d) January is — (cold/colder/coldest) than December.
(e) Anis is — (happy/happier/happiest) than you.
(f)He is one of the — (good/better/best) boys in the class.
(g) English is — (rich/richer/richest) than any other language.
(h) He is — (noble/nobler/noblest) than any other person I have ever met.
(i)A bird cannot sy as — (last/faster/fastest) as a plane.
(j) Dhaka is the — (big/bigger/biggest) city in Bangladesh
10. Fill in the blank with the right form of degree in the brackets.
(a) Very few metals are as — (precious) as gold.
(b) Chattogram is the — (big) port in Bangladesh.
(c) He is — (old) than any other man in the village.
(d) Tomatoes are — (cheap) than oranges.
(e) A bird does not run as — (fast) as a train.
(f) Jamil is the — (wise) man in the village.
(g) Mr. Jabbar is the popular) teacher in our school.
(h) She is — (beautiful) than her sister.
(i) Very few boys are as — (brave) as he.
(j) Bhutan is one of the — (small) countries in the world.
11. Fill in the blank with the right form of degree in the brackets.
(a) There is no other fruit as — (cheapest) as pine apple.
(b) It runs the — (fast) of all horses.
(c) Ibrahim is — (wise) than Raju.
(d) There is no other place as — (loneliest) as this.
(e) It is the — (famous) school in the town.
(f) He is — (wealthiest) than his brother.
(g)Very few persons are as — (politest) as his brother.
(h) Our English teacher is — (humble) than any other teacher in the school.
(i) This is the — (safe) place.
(j) I arrived — (early) than you.
12. Fill in the blank with the right form of degree in the brackets.
(a) Omar is the — (elder) son in the family.
(b) No other person is as — (braver) as he.
(c) She is — (proud) than her sister.
(d) His way of life is — (simple) than all other persons in the village.
(e) Imran is the — (talented) of all students.
(f) 21st February is — (memorable) than any other day.
(g) This is the — (happy) day in my life.
(h) No other day is as — (mistier) as today.
(i) This is the — (easy) way.
(j) Very few days are as — (colder) as today.
13. Fill in the blank with the right form of degree in the brackets.
(a) This is the — (wide) road in the city.
(b) Very few roads are as — (narrowest) as this road.
(c) You are the — (weak) student in the school.
(d) This tree is — (tall) than that.
(e) You are not as — (slower) as he.
(f) This knife is — (sharp) than that one.
(g) Bangladesh is one of the — (fertile) lands in the world.
(h) Nothing passes as — (quickliest) as time.
(i) The climate of Rajshahi is not — (healthful) than that of Cox’s Bazar.
(j) Your horse is not — (well) trained than this.
14. Fill in the blank with the right form of degree in the brackets.
(a) This is the — (large) mosque.
(b) The pen is — (might) than the sword.
(c) Akbar was — (powerful) than any other kings in India.
(d) This place is — (clean) than that one.
(e) This is the — (dirty) place in the city.
(f) Very few places are as — (noisiest) as this place.
(g) He draws the — (low) salary in the office.
(h) They live in the — (remote) corner of the country.
(i) He is one of my — (close) friends.
(j) Cotton is — (soft) than many other fibres.
15. Fill in the blank with the right form of degree in the brackets.
(a) Aziz is the — (sincere) student in our school.
(b) Very few scenes are as — (loveliest) as this.
(c) Autumn in Bangladesh is not — (warm) than summer.
(d) A journey by boat gives me the — (great) pleasure.
(e) Swimming is — (good) than any other exercise.
(f) This story is — (funny) than any other story.
(g)The days in the winter are — (foggy) than those of other seasons.
(h) This road is — (muddy) than that.
(i) Bangladesh is the — (populous) country in the world.
(j) Very few persons in the village are as — (poorest) as he.
Pronoun and Pronoun References
Pronoun Reference
Definition: Pronouns take the place of nouns.
Classification of Pronoun with list
|
Pronoun |
Example |
|
1. Personal |
I, you, he, she, it, they, we, her, him, it, me, them, us, and you, hers, his, its, mine, ours, theirs, yours |
|
2. Demonstrative |
this, that, these, those, such, ones |
|
3. Interrogative |
who, what, which, whose, whoever, whomever, whatever, whom |
|
4. Relative |
who, which, that, whom, what, whose |
|
5. Indefinite |
everybody, everyone, anybody, anyone, somebody, someone, nobody, no one, none, one, nothing, everything, anything, something, both, few, many, several, some, all, another, any |
|
6. Reflexive and Emphatic |
herself, himself, itself, myself, ourselves, yourself, themselves, yourselves |
|
7. Reciprocal |
each other, one another |
|
8. Distributive |
each, either, neither, every |
Personal Pronoun
|
Person |
Number |
Nomin ative |
Posse ssive |
Objec tive |
Reflexive |
|
First |
Singular |
I |
My, mine |
Me |
Myself |
|
Plural |
We |
Our, ours |
Us |
Ourselves |
|
|
Second |
Singular |
You |
Your, yours |
You |
Yourself |
|
Plural |
You |
Your, yours |
You |
Yourselves |
|
|
Third |
Singular |
He |
His |
Him |
Himself |
|
Singular |
She |
Her, hers |
Her |
Herself |
|
|
Singular |
It |
Its |
It |
Itself |
|
|
Plural |
They |
Their, theirs |
Them |
Themselves |
1. Identify the unclear pronoun references in the following paragraph. Where necessary, rewrite the sentence so that all pronoun references are clear. 1×5 = 5
In a village there lived a poor old woman, who had gathered together a dish of beans and wanted to cook it. So, she made a fire, and to burn quicker, she lighted it with a handful of straw. When she was emptying the beans into the pan, one dropped without she observing it, and lay on the ground beside a straw. Soon afterwards a burning coal sprang from the fire, and they leapt down to the two. The coal said, “I fortunately sprang out of it, and if I had not escaped, my death would have been certain, I should have been burnt to ashes.”
Answer: In a village, there lived a poor old woman who had gathered a dish of beans and wanted to cook them. So, she made a fire, and to make it burn quicker, she lighted the fire with a handful of straw. When she was emptying the beans into the pan, one dropped without her observing it and lay on the ground beside a piece of straw. Soon afterwards, a burning coal sprang from the fire, and it leapt down to the two. The coal said, “I fortunately sprang out of the fire, and if I had not escaped, my death would have been certain; I would have been burnt to ashes.”
Unclear Pronoun References and Fixes:
a. “it” → Changed to “them” (Clarifies that the beans are being referred to).
b. “she lighted it” → Changed to “she lighted the fire” (Clarifies what “it” refers to).
c. “without she observing it” → Changed to “without her observing it” (Corrects the reflexive pronoun).
d. “beside a straw” → Changed to “beside a piece of straw” (Clarifies the noun).
e. “they leapt down to the two” → Changed to “it leapt down to the two” (Clarifies that the coal is singular).
Identify the unclear pronoun references in the following paragraphs. Where necessary, rewrite the sentences so that all pronoun references are clear.
1. There are varieties of flowers in their country. Among those the rose is the loveliest of all. It is noted for her beauty and sweet fragrance. Many people see that in their gardens, The roses are of different colours such as red, white, pink etc. Among them the red rose is the most beautiful and attractive to her. When they bloom in the garden, the garden assumes a charming appearance.
Answer: There are varieties of flowers in this country. Among those, the rose is the loveliest of all. It is noted for its beauty and sweet fragrance. Many people grow roses in their gardens. The roses are of different colors such as red, white, and pink. Among them, the red rose is the most beautiful and attractive. When roses bloom in the garden, the garden assumes a charming appearance.
Here are the unclear pronoun references and their fixes:
a. “There are varieties of flowers in their country.”
Issue: “Their” is unclear because no specific group of people has been mentioned.
Revised: “There are varieties of flowers in this country.”
b. “It is noted for her beauty and sweet fragrance.”
Issue: “It” refers to the rose, but “her” is incorrect for an object; “its” should be used.
Revised: “It is noted for its beauty and sweet fragrance.”
c. “Many people see that in their gardens.”
Issue: “That” is unclear and should be replaced with “roses” for clarity.
Revised: “Many people grow roses in their gardens.”
d. “Among them the red rose is the most beautiful and attractive to her.”
Issue: “Her” is unclear and unnecessary; it is not clear who it refers to.
Revised: “Among them, the red rose is the most beautiful and attractive.”
e. “When they bloom in the garden, the garden assumes a charming appearance.”
Issue: “They” is unclear at first glance. It should be explicitly stated that “roses” is being referred to.
Revised: “When roses bloom in the garden, the garden assumes a charming appearance.”
2. Translation is an art. It takes a great deal of creativity and patience to do the translation well. It also takes stamina, for translators are underpaid and underappreciated. They are often left off the covers of it they create. In fact, we owe a good deal to a good number of hard-working people and organisations who are responsible for making it available. We thank most notably them who take the financial risk to publish and promote them in an increasingly crowded market.
Answer: Translation is an art. It takes a great deal of creativity and patience to do translation well. It also takes stamina, for translators are underpaid and underappreciated. They are often left off the covers of the books they translate. In fact, we owe a great deal to many hard-working people and organizations who are responsible for making translated works available. We thank, most notably, those who take the financial risk to publish and promote these works in an increasingly crowded market.
Explanation of Changes:
a. “the covers of it they create” → “the covers of the books they translate” (Clarifies that “it” refers to books.)
b. “making it available” → “making translated works available” (Clarifies what “it” refers to.)
c. “them who” → “those who” (Grammatically correct form.)
d. “promote them” → “promote these works” (Clarifies that “them” refers to translated works, not people.)
3. In our country, people have different views about women. The majority cannot still consider men and women on equal terms. They are treated either with a feeling of compassion or they are deprived of their rights. Ignorance and very frequently illiteracy, among us are the main reasons behind this type of attitude. It is true that as a general rule, girls, whether from poor or rich families, are much loved and cared for by the father and brothers. We also need to remember that these are often denied by another women. We first have to make them aware of the great harm they are doing. In the matter of attitude, women need to face menfolk with the expectation of being treated rightly as a woman!
Answer: In our country, people have different views about women. The majority still cannot consider men and women as equals. Women are treated either with a feeling of compassion or are deprived of their rights. Ignorance and, very often, illiteracy among us are the main reasons behind this attitude. It is true that, as a general rule, girls, whether from poor or rich families, are much loved and cared for by their fathers and brothers. We also need to remember that women’s rights are often denied by other women. We first have to make those responsible aware of the great harm they are causing. In terms of attitude, women need to face men with the expectation of being treated fairly and with respect.
Unclear Pronoun References and Fixes:
a. “They are treated…” → Changed “They” to “Women” (Clarifies the subject)
b. “the father and brothers” → Changed “the father” to “their fathers” (Clarifies that it refers to the girls’ own fathers)
c. “these are often denied by another women” → Changed “these” to “women’s rights” and “another women” to “other women” (Clarifies what is being denied and corrects grammar)
d. “them aware of the great harm they are doing” → Changed “them” to “those responsible” and “doing” to “causing” (Clarifies who needs to be made aware and makes the sentence more natural)
e. “treated rightly as a woman” → Changed “rightly” to “fairly and with respect” (More precise and natural phrasing)
4. A teacher who devotes him to the task of teaching his students is an ideal teacher. He is a very important person in any society or country. He dispels the darkness of ignorance from the minds of them and enkindles the light of education in them. He helps his students in learning their lessons. The teacher teaches him to follow the path of truth and avoid the path of vice. It may lead one to astray. He is in fact, a friend, philosopher and guide to the students. That is why he is considered one of the most important persons of the society and of the nation. He is also regarded as a guardian of civilization.
Answer: A teacher who devotes himself to the task of teaching his students is an ideal teacher. He is a very important person in any society or country. He dispels the darkness of ignorance from the minds of his students and enkindles the light of education in them. He helps his students learn their lessons. The teacher teaches them to follow the path of truth and avoid the path of vice, which may lead one astray. He is, in fact, a friend, philosopher, and guide to his students. That is why he is considered one of the most important persons in society and the nation. He is also regarded as a guardian of civilization.
Unclear Pronoun References and Fixes:
a. “devotes him” → Changed to “devotes himself” (Correct reflexive pronoun)
b. “the minds of them” → Changed to “the minds of his students” (Clarifies who “them” refers to)
c. “teaches him” → Changed to “teaches them” (Refers to multiple students, not a singular “him”)
d. “It may lead one to astray” → Changed to “which may lead one astray” (Corrects grammar and makes the sentence clearer)
e. “most important persons of the society” → Changed to “most important persons in society” (More natural phrasing)
5. There was once a poor woman which had two children. The youngest used to cut wood and she had to go everyday into the forest to fetch them. Once when she had gone a long way to seek it, a little child who was quite strange and strong came and helped her to pick up the wood and carry it home. Then after a few moments had passed, it disappeared. The child told her mother this, but at first she would not believe it.
There was once a poor woman who had two children. The youngest used to cut wood, and she had to go every day into the forest to fetch it. One day, when she had gone a long way to gather wood, a little child, who was quite strange and strong, came and helped her pick up the wood and carry it home. Then, after a few moments had passed, the child disappeared. The youngest child told their mother about this, but at first, she would not believe it.
Unclear Pronoun References and Fixes:
a. “which” → “who” (Refers to a person, so “who” is correct)
b. “seek it” → “gather wood” (Clarifies what “it” refers to)
c. “this” → “about this” (Clarifies what was told to the mother)
d. “The child told her mother this” → “The youngest child told their mother about this” (Clarifies which child spoke)
e. “she had to go everyday into the forest to fetch them” → “she had to go every day into the forest to fetch it” (Changes “them” to “it” since “wood” is uncountable)
6. Begum Rokeya was married to Khan Bahadur Sakhawat Hossain in 1896. Her husband was the Deputy Magistrate of Bhagalpur. This is now in the Indian state of Bihar. He always encouraged her to go on with her activities. He also cooperated with her in doing those. Many upper class Muslims of Bengal at that time learnt Arabic and Persian languages as medium of education and communication. Though Rokeya had great love for her mother tongue, she learnt those to communicate with others. She also learnt Bangla from her eldest brother Ibrahim.
Begum Rokeya was married to Khan Bahadur Sakhawat Hossain in 1896. Her husband was the Deputy Magistrate of Bhagalpur, which is now in the Indian state of Bihar. He always encouraged her to continue her activities and also cooperated with her in carrying them out. Many upper-class Muslims of Bengal at that time learned Arabic and Persian as their medium of education and communication. Though Rokeya had great love for her mother tongue, she learned these languages to communicate with others. She also learned Bangla from her eldest brother, Ibrahim.
Unclear Pronoun References and Fixes:
a. “This is now in the Indian state of Bihar.” → Changed “This” to “which” for smoother connection.
b. “go on with her activities” → Changed “go on with” to “continue” (More natural phrasing).
c. “in doing those” → Changed “those” to “carrying them out” (Clarifies the reference).
d. “learnt those” → Changed “those” to “these languages” (Clarifies that it refers to Arabic and Persian).
7. One night, while walking down the streets Kamal noticed a postbox from where a sound was coming. Being curious about it when he reached there, he found that there was a child behind stopped. He was wondering what he should do. He thought that he should return it to his parents. But as he did not know where the parents were, he took it to the nearest police station.
Answer: One night, while walking down the street, Kamal noticed a postbox from which a sound was coming. Curious about it, he went closer and found that there was a child behind it. He stopped, wondering what he should do. He thought that he should return the child to their parents. But since he did not know where the parents were, he took the child to the nearest police station.
Unclear Pronoun References and Fixes:
a. “from where a sound was coming” → “from which a sound was coming” (Correct relative pronoun).
b. “there was a child behind stopped” → “there was a child behind it” (Fixes incorrect phrasing).
c. “return it to his parents” → “return the child to their parents” (Clarifies “it” and avoids assuming gender).
d. “took it to the nearest police station” → “took the child to the nearest police station” (Clarifies “it” refers to the child).
8. There was once upon a time a mother who had three daughters, the eldest of which was rude and wicked, the second much better, but the youngest was a pious and good child. She was very strange because she loved the eldest daughter only, and she could not bear the youngest. So, she often sent her out into the great forest in order to get rid of her. She thought she would lose herself and never come back again. Once the child could not find her way out of the forest and she walked on constantly until evening came, and then she saw a tiny light burning in the distance, and ran up to them at once.
Answer: Once upon a time, there was a mother who had three daughters. The eldest was rude and wicked, the second much better, but the youngest was a pious and good child. The mother was very strange because she loved only the eldest daughter and could not bear the youngest. So, she often sent the youngest into the great forest to get rid of her. She thought the child would lose her way and never come back again. One day, the youngest daughter could not find her way out of the forest. She walked on constantly until evening came, and then she saw a tiny light burning in the distance. She ran up to it at once.
Changes made:
a. “She was very strange because she loved the eldest daughter only” → “The mother was very strange because she loved only the eldest daughter” (Clarifies who is being described).
b. “lose herself” → “lose her way” (More natural expression).
c. “Once the child could not find her way out” → “One day, the youngest daughter could not find her way out” (Clarifies which child is being referred to).
d. “ran up to them at once” → “ran up to it at once” (Corrects pronoun reference to singular “light”).
9. Today is Tania’s birthday. Her parents have brought a very beautiful dress for them. She loved the dress. She is eagerly waiting to wear this. Her uncle, Mr. Abid, has brought a nicely decorated cake on the occasion of her birthday. It was a strawberry cake. It loves his niece very dearly. The invitees have started to come one after another. But Tania’s best friend, Ayesha, is still to come. She is anxiously waiting. She will not cut the cake without her.
Answer: Today is Tania’s birthday. Her parents have brought a very beautiful dress for her. She loves the dress and is eagerly waiting to wear it. Her uncle, Mr. Abid, has brought a beautifully decorated cake for the occasion. It is a strawberry cake. He loves his niece very dearly. The invitees have started to come one after another, but Tania’s best friend, Ayesha, is still to come. She is anxiously waiting and will not cut the cake without her.
Changes made:
a. “brought a very beautiful dress for them” → “brought a very beautiful dress for her” (Clarifies the pronoun reference).
b. “eagerly waiting to wear this” → “eagerly waiting to wear it” (Clarifies what “this” refers to).
c. “It loves his niece very dearly” → “He loves his niece very dearly” (Clarifies the pronoun reference and subject).
10. Boiled egg is very nutritious and tasty as well. Besides, it is not a difficult task at all. If one wants to boil eggs, he has to pour some water into a pot at first. Then it should be kept on a burner. After that the eggs should be put into a pot. Then it should be let to boil for about five minutes. Afterwards they should be taken out with a spoon. After cooling them, they should be separated from them to be prepared for eating.
Answer: Boiled eggs are very nutritious and tasty. Besides, boiling eggs is not a difficult task at all. If someone wants to boil eggs, they must first pour some water into a pot. Then, the pot should be placed on a burner. After that, the eggs should be put into the pot. The water should be allowed to boil for about five minutes. Afterwards, the eggs should be taken out with a spoon. After cooling them, the shells should be removed to prepare them for eating.
Unclear Pronoun References and Fixes:
a. “Boiled egg is” → “Boiled eggs are” (Plural form is more natural).
b. “it is not a difficult task” → “boiling eggs is not a difficult task” (Clarifies what “it” refers to).
c. “it should be kept on a burner” → “the pot should be placed on a burner” (Clarifies “it”).
d. “Then it should be let to boil” → “The water should be allowed to boil” (Clarifies that “it” refers to the water).
e. “After cooling them, they should be separated from them” → “After cooling them, the shells should be removed” (Clarifies that “they” refers to the eggs and “them” refers to the shells).
11. Smoking is a serious bad habit. The dangers of this beggar description. The dangers they have to face severe health hazards. It is one of the most dreadful habits practiced by human being. By practicing such a bad habit it harms not only oneself but also others around. A smoker has to face a lot of incurable diseases. Lung cancer, bronchitis are two of that. So, everyone should be conscious of the dreadful consequences of smoking.
Answer: Smoking is a seriously bad habit. The dangers of smoking are beyond description. Smokers have to face severe health hazards. It is one of the most dreadful habits practiced by human beings. By indulging in such a bad habit, a smoker harms not only themselves but also those around them. A smoker faces many incurable diseases. Lung cancer and bronchitis are two of them. Therefore, everyone should be aware of the dreadful consequences of smoking.
Unclear Pronoun References and Fixes:
a. “The dangers of this beggar description.” → “The dangers of smoking are beyond description.” (Clarifies what “this” refers to and corrects the phrase).
b. “The dangers they have to face severe health hazards.” → “Smokers have to face severe health hazards.” (Clarifies that “they” refers to smokers).
c. “human being” → “human beings” (Corrects singular to plural for general reference).
d. “it harms not only oneself but also others around” → “a smoker harms not only themselves but also those around them” (Clarifies “it” and makes the sentence more natural).
e. “Lung cancer, bronchitis are two of that.” → “Lung cancer and bronchitis are two of them.” (Fixes incorrect pronoun usage).
12. Nelson Mandela was the greatest leader of South Africa. In fact it was one of the greatest leaders of the world. All its life he struggled against apartheid. This was government policy of racial segregation. The Europeans were separated from the non-Europeans. The blacks were treated cruelly. Those were aliens in its own country.
Answer: Nelson Mandela was the greatest leader of South Africa. In fact, he was one of the greatest leaders of the world. Throughout his life, he struggled against apartheid, the government policy of racial segregation. The Europeans were separated from the non-Europeans, and the blacks were treated cruelly. They were made to feel like aliens in their own country.
Unclear Pronoun References and Fixes:
a. “In fact it was one of the greatest leaders” → “In fact, he was one of the greatest leaders” (Clarifies that “it” refers to Nelson Mandela).
b. “All its life” → “Throughout his life” (Clarifies that “its” refers to Nelson Mandela).
c. “This was government policy of racial segregation” → “the government policy of racial segregation” (Refines the phrasing).
d. “Those were aliens in its own country” → “They were made to feel like aliens in their own country” (Clarifies the subject and corrects the sentence).
13. Kabir Ahmed is a school teacher. His salary is okay. The day-to-day expenses are pretty high in Dhaka. Both housing and food are costly in the capital. He has rented an apartment. But it is really too small for his family. Of course he does not have a garden. So, his wife, Nasrin, who loves gardening can’t grow anything. She cannot go out to work either because there’s no one else in the house to look after the children. So the whole family depends on his income alone. He has great hopes for his children and would like to send them to a good school. But good schools are very expensive. He is not sure how much he would be able to help her.
a. “But it is really too small for his family.”
Issue: “It” is unclear. While it likely refers to the rented apartment, making it explicit would improve clarity.
Revised: “But the apartment he has rented is really too small for his family.”
b. “Of course he does not have a garden.”
Issue: “He” refers to Kabir Ahmed, but since the previous sentence focused on the apartment, this could cause slight confusion.
Revised: “Of course, Kabir does not have a garden.”
c. “So, his wife, Nasrin, who loves gardening can’t grow anything.”
Issue: “Anything” is vague.
Revised: “So, his wife, Nasrin, who loves gardening, can’t grow any plants or vegetables.”
d. “She cannot go out to work either because there’s no one else in the house to look after the children.”
Issue: “She” is unclear since Nasrin was mentioned earlier, but the sentence should explicitly state her name for clarity.
Revised: “Nasrin cannot go out to work either because there’s no one else in the house to look after the children.”
e. “He is not sure how much he would be able to help her.”
Issue: “Her” is unclear. It could refer to Nasrin or one of the children.
Revised: “He is not sure how much he would be able to help Nasrin.”
14. My family and I love going to the park at the weekends. We like having picnics in it. My sister and I love watching animals. Though my mother does not like these too much, she likes making sandwiches for us but my father hates cooking. My sister and I love playing around in the park and feeding those. My mother loves watching us while we play. She tells my sister that she has seen spiders near the bush. I’m not afraid of spiders. But I don’t like flies. I just can’t bear with these. We can relax in a park listening to the birds singing. We also like watching these moving around. We all like the park because we love being outdoor and feeling free. But sometimes my father gets angry with us and does not allow us to go the park.
Here are the unclear pronoun references and their fixes:
a. “We like having picnics in it.”
Issue: “It” is unclear because “the park” was mentioned earlier but could be made more explicit.
Revised: “We like having picnics in the park.”
b. “Though my mother does not like these too much, she likes making sandwiches for us but my father hates cooking.”
Issue: “These” is vague. It likely refers to “watching animals,” but it should be clarified.
Revised: “Though my mother does not like watching animals too much, she likes making sandwiches for us, but my father hates cooking.”
c. “My sister and I love playing around in the park and feeding those.”
Issue: “Those” is unclear. It likely refers to animals, but it should be explicitly stated.
Revised: “My sister and I love playing around in the park and feeding the animals.”
d. “I just can’t bear with these.”
Issue: “These” is vague. It likely refers to “flies” but should be explicitly stated.
Revised: “I just can’t bear flies.”
e. “We also like watching these moving around.”
Issue: “These” is unclear. It likely refers to birds but should be stated clearly.
Revised: “We also like watching the birds moving around.”
15. Liberty does not descend upon people. People must raise its to it. It is a fruit that must be earned before them can be enjoyed. This freedom meaning freedom only from foreign domination is an outworn idea. This is the main task that confronts us if we are to take our rightful place in the modern world. We cannot hold the clock back and therefore, it is we whom must go forward at a double pace bending all our resources and all our energies to great purpose.
Answer: Liberty does not descend upon people. People must raise themselves to it. It is a fruit that must be earned before it can be enjoyed. The idea that freedom means only freedom from foreign domination is outdated. This is the main task that confronts us if we are to take our rightful place in the modern world. We cannot hold the clock back, and therefore, it is we who must go forward at a double pace, bending all our resources and all our energies to a great purpose.
Here are the unclear pronoun references and their fixes:
a. “People must raise its to it.”
Issue: “Its” is incorrect and unclear; it should be “themselves.” “It” refers to liberty but can be reworded for clarity.
Revised: “People must raise themselves to it.”
b. “It is a fruit that must be earned before them can be enjoyed.”
Issue: “Them” is incorrect; it should be “it” to refer to “a fruit” (liberty).
Revised: “It is a fruit that must be earned before it can be enjoyed.”
c. “This freedom meaning freedom only from foreign domination is an outworn idea.”
Issue: “This freedom meaning” is awkward and unclear.
Revised: “The idea that freedom means only freedom from foreign domination is outdated.”
d. “We cannot hold the clock back and therefore, it is we whom must go forward at a double pace…”
Issue: “Whom” is incorrect; it should be “who.”
Revised: “We cannot hold the clock back, and therefore, it is we who must go forward at a double pace…”
e. “Bending all our resources and all our energies to great purpose.”
Issue: “Great purpose” is vague and should be clarified.
Revised: “Bending all our resources and all our energies to a great purpose.”
16. Working opportunities for women are very few in rural areas of Bangladesh. We usually spend our time doing our household chores. The ILO recently started a project titled “Technologies for Rural Employment with Special Reference to Women and Sustainable Development.” The aim of it is to impart training to rural women in various activities and make us self-reliant.
Answer:Working opportunities for rural women in Bangladesh are very few. Women in rural areas usually spend their time doing household chores. The ILO recently launched a project called “Technologies for Rural Employment” to support women and sustainable development. The aim of the project is to impart training to rural women in various activities and make them self-reliant.
Here are the five unclear pronoun references and their fixes:
a. “We usually spend our time doing our household chores.”
Issue: “We” is unclear because the paragraph begins with a general statement about women in rural Bangladesh, but it is unclear if the speaker is including themselves.
Revised: “Women in rural areas usually spend their time doing household chores.”
b. “The aim of it is to impart training to rural women in various activities and make us self-reliant.”
Issue: “It” is vague and could be clearer by explicitly referring to the project.
Revised: “The aim of the project is to impart training to rural women in various activities and make them self-reliant.”
c. “Opportunities for women are very few in rural areas of Bangladesh.”
Issue: “Women” is general, but the paragraph focuses on rural women.
Revised: “Working opportunities for rural women in Bangladesh are very few.”
d. “The ILO recently started a project titled ‘Technologies for Rural Employment with Special Reference to Women and Sustainable Development.'”
Issue: “A project” is general at first, and “Technologies for Rural Employment with Special Reference to Women and Sustainable Development” is long and complex. A shorter version can improve clarity.
Revised: “The ILO recently launched a project called ‘Technologies for Rural Employment’ to support women and sustainable development.”
e. “Make us self-reliant.”
Issue: “Us” is unclear because the paragraph initially refers to rural women in general, and “us” shifts the perspective.
Revised: “Make them self-reliant.”
17. Children must pass through several stages in its life to become adults. For most people, there are four or five stages of growth where he learns certain things: infancy, early childhood, later childhood and adolescence. Persons 18 and over are considered adults in our society. Of course there are some people that will try to act older than its years. All people have to go through it irrespective of their economic and social status.
Answer: Children must pass through several stages in their lives to become adults. For most people, there are four or five stages of growth in which they learn certain things: infancy, early childhood, later childhood, and adolescence. People aged 18 and over are considered adults in our society. Of course, there are some people who will try to act older than their years. All people have to go through these stages irrespective of their economic and social status.
Here are the five unclear pronoun references and their fixes:
a. “Children must pass through several stages in its life to become adults.”
Issue: “Its” is incorrect because “children” is plural; it should be “their.”
Revised: “Children must pass through several stages in their lives to become adults.”
b. “For most people, there are four or five stages of growth where he learns certain things: infancy, early childhood, later childhood, and adolescence.”
Issue: “He” is unclear and incorrect because “people” is plural.
Revised: “For most people, there are four or five stages of growth in which they learn certain things: infancy, early childhood, later childhood, and adolescence.”
c. “Of course there are some people that will try to act older than its years.”
Issue: “Its” is incorrect; it should be “their” to match “people.”
Revised: “Of course, there are some people who will try to act older than their years.”
d. “Persons 18 and over are considered adults in our society.”
Issue: “Persons” is outdated and less natural in this context.
Revised: “People aged 18 and over are considered adults in our society.”
e. “All people have to go through it irrespective of their economic and social status.”
Issue: “It” is unclear; it should explicitly refer to “stages of growth.”
Revised: “All people have to go through these stages irrespective of their economic and social status.”
18. The moon is a very familiar figure to all of us. He awakens a feeling of love and tenderness in your hearts. Even an infant in arms stretches out her hands to grasp this beautiful thing. Nor is his appeal confined only to children. Ever since the string of the poetic faculty in man, he has furnished a theme for poets and artists.
Answer: The moon is a very familiar figure to all of us. It awakens a feeling of love and tenderness in our hearts. Even an infant in arms stretches out their hands to grasp the beautiful moon. Nor is its appeal confined only to children. Ever since the dawn of poetic expression in humanity, the moon has furnished a theme for poets and artists.
Here are the five unclear pronoun references and their fixes:
a. “He awakens a feeling of love and tenderness in your hearts.”
Issue: “He” is incorrect because the moon is not a person. “Your” is inconsistent with the previous use of “us.”
Revised: “It awakens a feeling of love and tenderness in our hearts.”
b. “Even an infant in arms stretches out her hands to grasp this beautiful thing.”
Issue: “Her” assumes the infant is female, but it should be gender-neutral. “This beautiful thing” is vague.
Revised: “Even an infant in arms stretches out their hands to grasp the beautiful moon.”
c. “Nor is his appeal confined only to children.”
Issue: “His” is incorrect because the moon is not a person.
Revised: “Nor is its appeal confined only to children.”
d. “Ever since the string of the poetic faculty in man, he has furnished a theme for poets and artists.”
Issue: “He” is unclear—does it refer to “man” or “the moon”? The phrase “the string of the poetic faculty in man” is also confusing.
Revised: “Ever since the dawn of poetic expression in humanity, the moon has furnished a theme for poets and artists.”
e. “This beautiful thing”
Issue: “This beautiful thing” is vague and should explicitly refer to the moon.
Revised: “The beautiful moon.”
19. Computer is an electronic device. That stores information on magnetic tape, analyses it and produces as required from the data on tapes. But computer does not work by himself. It works as it is operated. Computer is the result of efforts by some votaries of science. Pascal invented the theory of ‘Digital Calculating System’ in 1642. That invention and initiatives led to the research and finally in 1937 Mr Haward Akin, an American scientist, invented a machine that could do difficult sums, seven years later in 1944, electric computer was used in Harvard University. Since then efforts have been made for improvement of it. Modern computer is the outcome of constant efforts and research. It consists of five major components namely the input unit, the output unit, the memory unit, the control unit and the arithmetic unit. It performs three functions—receiving data, processing data and supplying data. It has a machine language of its own. Machine language varies from computer to computer. Computer is one of the wonders of modern science and it is of great use to us. Nowadays, it is one of their daily necessaries.
Answer: A computer is an electronic device. It stores information on magnetic tape, analyzes it, and produces output as required from the data on tapes. But a computer does not work by itself. It works as it is operated. A computer is the result of efforts by some votaries of science. Pascal invented the theory of the ‘Digital Calculating System’ in 1642. That invention and those initiatives led to further research, and finally, in 1937, Mr. Howard Akin, an American scientist, invented a machine that could perform difficult calculations. Seven years later, in 1944, an electric computer was used at Harvard University. Since then, efforts have been made to improve the computer. The modern computer is the outcome of constant efforts and research. It consists of five major components: the input unit, the output unit, the memory unit, the control unit, and the arithmetic unit. It performs three functions—receiving data, processing data, and supplying data. It has a machine language of its own, which varies from computer to computer. The computer is one of the wonders of modern science and is of great use to us. Nowadays, it is one of our daily necessities.
Here are the five unclear pronoun references and their fixes:
a. “That stores information on magnetic tape, analyses it and produces as required from the data on tapes.”
Issue: “That” is unclear; it should explicitly refer to “A computer.”
Revised: “A computer stores information on magnetic tape, analyzes it, and produces output as required from the data on tapes.”
b. “But computer does not work by himself.”
Issue: “Himself” is incorrect because a computer is not a person.
Revised: “But a computer does not work by itself.”
c. “Since then efforts have been made for improvement of it.”
Issue: “It” is unclear and awkward; it should explicitly refer to “the computer.”
Revised: “Since then, efforts have been made to improve the computer.”
d. “Nowadays, it is one of their daily necessaries.”
Issue: “Their” is unclear; it does not specify whose daily necessity it is.
Revised: “Nowadays, it is one of our daily necessities.”
e. “That invention and initiatives led to the research and finally in 1937 Mr. Haward Akin, an American scientist, invented a machine that could do difficult sums, seven years later in 1944, electric computer was used in Harvard University.”
Issue: “That invention and initiatives” is vague and grammatically incorrect. “Electric computer” should be “an electric computer.”
Revised: “That invention and those initiatives led to further research, and finally, in 1937, Mr. Howard Akin, an American scientist, invented a machine that could perform difficult calculations. Seven years later, in 1944, an electric computer was used at Harvard University.”
20. Once upon a time an old lady lost his eyesight. Then she called in a doctor and said to them, “I will give you a rich reward if he can cure my eye sight.” The doctor started the treatment. But she was very greedy. He was attracted by the valuable things in the lady’s house. The doctor used to steal the things away everyday. The lady got back her eyesight by this time. When the doctor demanded it the old lady said that she did not get back her eyesight as she could not see any valuable thing in her house.
Answer: Once upon a time, an old lady lost her eyesight. Then she called in a doctor and said to him, “I will give you a rich reward if you can cure my eyesight.” The doctor started the treatment. But the doctor was very greedy. He was attracted by the valuable things in the lady’s house. The doctor used to steal valuable items from the lady’s house every day. The lady got back her eyesight by this time. When the doctor demanded his reward, the old lady said that she had not regained her eyesight, as she could not see any valuable items in her house.
Here are the five unclear pronoun references and their fixes:
a. “Once upon a time an old lady lost his eyesight.”
Issue: “His” is incorrect because “lady” is female.
Revised: “Once upon a time, an old lady lost her eyesight.”
b. “Then she called in a doctor and said to them, ‘I will give you a rich reward if he can cure my eyesight.’”
Issues:
“Them” is incorrect because “doctor” is singular.
“He” is unclear—does it refer to the doctor or someone else?
Revised: “Then she called in a doctor and said to him, ‘I will give you a rich reward if you can cure my eyesight.’”
c. “But she was very greedy. He was attracted by the valuable things in the lady’s house.”
Issue: “She” appears to refer to the old lady, but “he” suddenly refers to the doctor, causing confusion.
Revised: “But the doctor was very greedy. He was attracted by the valuable things in the lady’s house.”
d. “The doctor used to steal the things away everyday.”
Issue: “The things” is vague and unclear.
Revised: “The doctor used to steal valuable items from the lady’s house every day.”
e. “When the doctor demanded it, the old lady said that she did not get back her eyesight as she could not see any valuable thing in her house.”
Issue: “It” is unclear—does it refer to the reward or something else?
Revised: “When the doctor demanded his reward, the old lady said that she had not regained her eyesight, as she could not see any valuable items in her house.”
21. Childhood seems to be the golden period of one’s life when he becomes adult and recollects the memory of being a child. It is very sweet to call up them. If you often look back on one’s boyhood days, they will surely turn you back to that. There is hardly any man he does not feel passionate while thinking about their childhood day. These are an excellent asset to any passionate person.
Answer: Childhood seems to be the golden period of one’s life when one becomes an adult and recollects the memory of being a child. It is very sweet to recall those memories. If one often looks back on their boyhood days, those memories will surely take them back to childhood. There is hardly any man who does not feel passionate while thinking about his childhood days. Such memories are an excellent asset to any passionate person.
Here are the five unclear pronoun references and their fixes:
a. “Childhood seems to be the golden period of one’s life when he becomes adult and recollects the memory of being a child.”
Issue: “He” is unclear because “one” is used earlier in the sentence.
Revised: “Childhood seems to be the golden period of one’s life when one becomes an adult and recollects the memory of being a child.”
b. “It is very sweet to call up them.”
Issue: “Them” is unclear—does it refer to memories or childhood experiences?
Revised: “It is very sweet to recall those memories.”
c. “If you often look back on one’s boyhood days, they will surely turn you back to that.”
Issues:
“You” and “one” should be consistent.
“That” is vague—does it mean childhood or memories?
Revised: “If one often looks back on their boyhood days, those memories will surely take them back to childhood.”
d. “There is hardly any man he does not feel passionate while thinking about their childhood day.”
Issues:
“He” is unnecessary.
“Their” should be singular to match “any man.”
“Childhood day” should be “childhood days.”
Revised: “There is hardly any man who does not feel passionate while thinking about his childhood days.”
e. “These are an excellent asset to any passionate person.”
Issue: “These” is unclear—does it refer to memories, childhood experiences, or something else?
Revised: “Such memories are an excellent asset to any passionate person.”
22. Women in our society have always been considered subservient to us. The majority of houses are usually dominated by them. So they most often have no say there. In many households wives are beaten up by them.
Answer: Women in our society have always been considered subservient to men. The majority of households are usually dominated by men. So women most often have no say in household matters. In many households, wives are beaten up by their husbands.
Here are the five unclear pronoun references and their fixes:
a. “Women in our society have always been considered subservient to us.”
Issue: “Us” is unclear—does it refer to men or society as a whole?
Fix: Replace “us” with “men.”
Revised: “Women in our society have always been considered subservient to men.”
b. “The majority of houses are usually dominated by them.”
Issue: “Them” is unclear—does it refer to men or women?
Fix: Clarify that it refers to men.
Revised: “The majority of households are usually dominated by men.”
c. “So they most often have no say there.”
Issue: “They” is unclear—does it refer to men or women?
Fix: Specify “women.”
Revised: “So women most often have no say in household matters.”
d. “There” in “So they most often have no say there.”
Issue: “There” is vague—where exactly do they have no say?
Fix: Clarify “in household matters.”
Revised: “So women most often have no say in household matters.”
e. “In many households wives are beaten up by them.”
Issue: “Them” is unclear—who is responsible for the abuse?
Fix: Specify “their husbands.”
Revised: “In many households, wives are beaten up by their husbands.”
23. While Mrs. Ayesha Amin told the students about Mr. Grasshopper and Mr. Ant, Mr. Anis Ahmed continued to help them with their school garden. ‘We’ve planted for the future,’ he told them. ‘Here in Bangladesh, we’ve three kinds of vegetables, summer, winter and all season. It was between winter and summer when I gave you the seeds and seedlings, so we’ve planted all season vegetables. Look, I’ll show them to you.
Answer: While Mrs. Ayesha Amin told the students about Mr. Grasshopper and Mr. Ant, Mr. Anis Ahmed continued to help the students with their school garden. “We’ve planted for the future,” he told the students. “Here in Bangladesh, we have three kinds of vegetables: summer, winter, and all-season. The planting took place between winter and summer when I gave you the seeds and seedlings, so we’ve planted all-season vegetables. Look, I’ll show the vegetables to you.”
Here are the five unclear pronoun references and their fixes:
a. “While Mrs. Ayesha Amin told the students about Mr. Grasshopper and Mr. Ant, Mr. Anis Ahmed continued to help them with their school garden.”
Issue: “Them” is unclear—does it refer to the students or the characters in the story?
Fix: Specify “the students.”
Revised: “While Mrs. Ayesha Amin told the students about Mr. Grasshopper and Mr. Ant, Mr. Anis Ahmed continued to help the students with their school garden.”
b. “‘We’ve planted for the future,’ he told them.”
Issue: “Them” is unclear—does it refer to the students or someone else?
Fix: Specify “the students.”
Revised: “‘We’ve planted for the future,’ he told the students.”
c. “Here in Bangladesh, we’ve three kinds of vegetables, summer, winter and all season.”
Issue: “We’ve” should be “we have” in formal writing.
Fix: Replace “we’ve” with “we have.”
Revised: “Here in Bangladesh, we have three kinds of vegetables: summer, winter, and all-season.”
d. “It was between winter and summer when I gave you the seeds and seedlings, so we’ve planted all season vegetables.”
Issue: “It” is vague—does it refer to a specific time or event?
Fix: Clarify “the time of planting.”
Revised: “The planting took place between winter and summer when I gave you the seeds and seedlings, so we’ve planted all-season vegetables.”
e. “Look, I’ll show them to you.”
Issue: “Them” is unclear—does it refer to the vegetables, seeds, or seedlings?
Fix: Specify “the vegetables.”
Revised: “Look, I’ll show the vegetables to you.”
24. At the Writing Centre, you can receive help on any writing assignment. It can make your writing stronger by discussing it with someone else. This will lead to a greater understanding of the proper mechanics and style expected in academic writing. This is an important part of the writing process, and they spend a good deal of time making sure you understand the expectations of written assignments. Using it will definitely make your writing skills stronger, and that will give you greater confidence for your next assignment.
Answer: At the Writing Centre, you can receive help on any writing assignment. The Writing Centre can make your writing stronger by allowing you to discuss it with someone else. Discussing your writing will lead to a greater understanding of the proper mechanics and style expected in academic writing. Receiving feedback is an important part of the writing process, and the Writing Centre staff spend a good deal of time making sure you understand the expectations of written assignments. Using the Writing Centre will definitely make your writing skills stronger, and improved writing skills will give you greater confidence for your next assignment.
Here are the five unclear pronoun references and their fixes:
a. “It can make your writing stronger by discussing it with someone else.”
Issue: “It” is unclear—does it refer to the Writing Centre or the writing assignment?
Fix: Specify “The Writing Centre.”
Revised: “The Writing Centre can make your writing stronger by allowing you to discuss it with someone else.”
b. “This will lead to a greater understanding of the proper mechanics and style expected in academic writing.”
Issue: “This” is vague—does it refer to discussing writing, the Writing Centre, or something else?
Fix: Specify “Discussing your writing.”
Revised: “Discussing your writing will lead to a greater understanding of the proper mechanics and style expected in academic writing.”
c. “This is an important part of the writing process, and they spend a good deal of time making sure you understand the expectations of written assignments.”
Issue: “This” is unclear—does it refer to discussing writing or the Writing Centre itself? “They” is also unclear—who are “they”?
Fix: Clarify “Receiving feedback” and replace “they” with “Writing Centre staff.”
Revised: “Receiving feedback is an important part of the writing process, and the Writing Centre staff spend a good deal of time making sure you understand the expectations of written assignments.”
d. “Using it will definitely make your writing skills stronger, and that will give you greater confidence for your next assignment.”
Issue: “It” is unclear—does it refer to the Writing Centre or discussing writing?
Fix: Specify “Using the Writing Centre.”
Revised: “Using the Writing Centre will definitely make your writing skills stronger, and that will give you greater confidence for your next assignment.”
e. “That will give you greater confidence for your next assignment.”
Issue: “That” is vague—does it refer to stronger writing skills or the Writing Centre?
Fix: Specify “Improved writing skills.”
Revised: “Improved writing skills will give you greater confidence for your next assignment.”
25. There was an old house in a village. A number of mice lived in that house. They were doing a lot of mischief there. The master of the house was very annoyed and made a plan. They bought a big cat. He started killing the mice. The mice fell in a great trouble. They became very worried. They wanted to get rid of the cat. The mice had a general council to consider what measures could take to outwit their common enemy, the cat. Some said this, and some said that; but at last a young mouse got up and said he had a proposal to make, which they thought would meet the case. ‘We will all agree,’ said he, ‘that our chief danger consists in the sly and treacherous manner in which the enemy approaches us.’
Answer: There was an old house in a village. A number of mice lived in that house. They were doing a lot of mischief in the house. The master of the house was very annoyed and made a plan. The master of the house bought a big cat. The cat started killing the mice. The mice fell in great trouble. They became very worried. They wanted to get rid of the cat. The mice had a general council to consider what measures they could take to outwit their common enemy, the cat. Some said this, and some said that; but at last, a young mouse got up and said he had a proposal to make, which they thought would meet the case. “We will all agree,” he said, “that our chief danger consists in the sly and treacherous manner in which the enemy approaches us.”
Here are the five unclear pronoun references and their fixes:
a. “They were doing a lot of mischief there.”
Issue: “There” is vague—does it refer to the house or the village?
Fix: Specify “in the house.”
Revised: “They were doing a lot of mischief in the house.”
b. “They bought a big cat.”
Issue: “They” is unclear—who bought the cat, the mice or the master of the house?
Fix: Specify “The master of the house.”
Revised: “The master of the house bought a big cat.”
c. “He started killing the mice.”
Issue: “He” is unclear—does it refer to the master or the cat?
Fix: Specify “The cat.”
Revised: “The cat started killing the mice.”
d. “The mice had a general council to consider what measures could take to outwit their common enemy, the cat.”
Issue: “What measures could take” is incorrect—the subject is missing.
Fix: Specify “what measures they could take.”
Revised: “The mice had a general council to consider what measures they could take to outwit their common enemy, the cat.”
e. “‘We will all agree,’ said he, ‘that our chief danger consists in the sly and treacherous manner in which the enemy approaches us.’”
Issue: “Said he” is an outdated construction and sounds unnatural.
Fix: Use “he said.”
Revised: “‘We will all agree,’ he said, ‘that our chief danger consists in the sly and treacherous manner in which the enemy approaches us.'”
26. Drug addiction has become common in recent times and is a behavior, found in people all over the world. Drug abuse is caused when a person indulges in excessive consumption of drugs or chemical substances. When the person continues to indulge in such behavior, even if they faces lot of physical, emotional and social problems, it turns into an addiction. They start taking drugs for variety of reasons, for instance, to escape from problems in life, to get rid of some physical or mental pain or to feel more energetic. Drugs are also prescribed by physicians to patients, after a surgery or to lessen chronic pain. In both these cases, there is a chance of a person getting addicted, if the drug gives instant results. It is said that, when people take drugs, they feel a sudden rush of energy and also find them in a different world where problems cannot reach themselves. Continuous or regular use of drugs make the body addicted to it, and gives rise to a situation where he is not able to live without it. The person gets addicted to it in such a way, that nothing else seems to be important.
Answer: Drug addiction has become common in recent times and is a behavior found in people all over the world. Drug abuse occurs when a person indulges in excessive consumption of drugs or chemical substances. When the person continues to engage in such behavior, even if they face a lot of physical, emotional, and social problems, it turns into an addiction. People who abuse drugs start taking them for a variety of reasons, for instance, to escape from problems in life, to get rid of some physical or mental pain, or to feel more energetic. Drugs are also prescribed by physicians to patients after surgery or to lessen chronic pain. In both these cases, there is a chance of a person getting addicted if the drug gives instant results. It is said that when people take drugs, they feel a sudden rush of energy and also find themselves in a different world where problems cannot reach them. Continuous or regular use of drugs makes the body addicted to them and gives rise to a situation where the person is not able to live without them. The person gets addicted to them in such a way that nothing else seems to be important.
Here are five unclear pronoun references and their fixes:
a. “even if they faces lot of physical, emotional and social problems”
Issue: “they faces” is incorrect; “they” is plural, but “faces” is singular.
Fix: Change “they faces” to “they face.”
Revised: “even if they face a lot of physical, emotional, and social problems.”
b. “They start taking drugs for variety of reasons”
Issue: “They” is unclear—does it refer to drug addicts or people in general?
Fix: Specify “People who abuse drugs.”
Revised: “People who abuse drugs start taking them for a variety of reasons.”
c. “It is said that, when people take drugs, they feel a sudden rush of energy and also find them in a different world”
Issue: “them” is unclear—does it refer to people or drugs?
Fix: Change “them” to “themselves” to clarify the subject.
Revised: “It is said that, when people take drugs, they feel a sudden rush of energy and also find themselves in a different world.”
d. “where problems cannot reach themselves”
Issue: “themselves” is unnecessary and confusing.
Fix: Remove “themselves” and simplify the sentence.
Revised: “where problems cannot reach them.”
e. “Continuous or regular use of drugs make the body addicted to it, and gives rise to a situation where he is not able to live without it.”
Issue: “make” should be “makes” to match the singular subject “use,” and “he” is unclear—does it refer to any person?
Fix: Change “make” to “makes,” replace “he” with “the person.”
Revised: “Continuous or regular use of drugs makes the body addicted to them and gives rise to a situation where the person is not able to live without them.”
27. You are seven years old. You hear the sound of glass breaking outside window and suddenly the house resounds with mother’s shouts. You see her face in the hall from your bedroom. That she forms with her mouth is strange and unfamiliar to you. Riot. It would have sounded like a clownish way of saying ‘Right.’ But this does not seem to be a time for clownish behaviour. This is something serious and mysterious and disturbing and it occupies a place in the adult world, the world you do not yet understand but can intuitively grasp from time to time. Like now. Your mother enters bedroom. Her face is distorted with alarm. She runs to where you are, playing with your friend who is also your age, and grabs you.
Answer: You are seven years old. You hear the sound of glass breaking outside your window, and suddenly the house resounds with your mother’s shouts. You see her face in the hall from your bedroom. The word she forms with her mouth is strange and unfamiliar to you. “Riot” would have sounded like a clownish way of saying “Right.” But this moment does not seem to be a time for clownish behavior. This situation is serious, mysterious, and disturbing, and it occupies a place in the adult world, a world you do not yet understand but can intuitively grasp from time to time. Like now. Your mother enters your bedroom. Her face is distorted with alarm. She runs into your room, where you are playing with your friend who is also your age, and grabs you.
Here are five unclear pronoun references and their fixes:
a. “That she forms with her mouth is strange and unfamiliar to you.”
Issue: “That” is unclear—what is being formed with her mouth?
Fix: Clarify that “the word she forms” is being referred to.
Revised: “The word she forms with her mouth is strange and unfamiliar to you.”
b. “It would have sounded like a clownish way of saying ‘Right.’”
Issue: “It” is vague—what does “it” refer to?
Fix: Specify that “Riot” is the word being misunderstood.
Revised: “‘Riot’ would have sounded like a clownish way of saying ‘Right.’”
c. “But this does not seem to be a time for clownish behaviour.”
Issue: “This” is ambiguous—what exactly is serious?
Fix: Specify that the situation or moment is serious.
Revised: “But this moment does not seem to be a time for clownish behaviour.”
d. “This is something serious and mysterious and disturbing and it occupies a place in the adult world, the world you do not yet understand but can intuitively grasp from time to time.”
Issue: “This” is vague—what is serious, mysterious, and disturbing?
Fix: Specify that “the situation” is being referred to.
Revised: “This situation is serious, mysterious, and disturbing, and it occupies a place in the adult world, a world you do not yet understand but can intuitively grasp from time to time.”
e. “She runs to where you are, playing with your friend who is also your age, and grabs you.”
Issue: “She” is clear, but “where you are” is vague.
Fix: Specify “your room” for clarity.
Revised: “She runs into your room, where you are playing with your friend who is also your age, and grabs you.”
28. An ideal farmer is a very important person in our society. He lives in a village. Their house is made of straws. An ideal farmer lives a very simple life. He earns his livelihood by the sweat of their brow. He works from morning till evening. He gets up very early in the morning and takes a little breakfast. He goes to field with his wooden plough and a pair of bullocks. He cultivates and prepares his land with simple hand-made tools. He has both pleasures and pains in his life. He gets pleasures when he has a good harvest. But he gets pains when his crops are destroyed by droughts, floods or cyclone. Though a farmer works hard, does not get enough to eat. He lives from hand to mouth. He also suffers from many diseases. An ideal farmer is a seed to the country. He contributes a lot to the economy of the country. So all of us should respect them.
Answer: An ideal farmer is a very important person in our society. He lives in a village. His house is made of straws. An ideal farmer lives a very simple life. He earns his livelihood by the sweat of his brow. He works from morning till evening. He gets up very early in the morning and takes a little breakfast. He goes to the field with his wooden plough and a pair of bullocks. He cultivates and prepares his land with simple handmade tools. He has both pleasures and pains in his life. He feels pleasure when he has a good harvest. But he suffers when his crops are destroyed by droughts, floods, or cyclones. Though a farmer works hard, he does not get enough to eat. He lives from hand to mouth. He also suffers from many diseases. An ideal farmer is the backbone of the country. He contributes a lot to the economy of the country. So all of us should respect him.
Here are five unclear pronoun references and their fixes:
a. “Their house is made of straws.”
Issue: “Their” is unclear because “an ideal farmer” is singular.
Fix: Change “their” to “his” to match the singular subject.
Revised: “His house is made of straws.”
b. “He earns his livelihood by the sweat of their brow.”
Issue: “Their” does not match the singular subject “he.”
Fix: Change “their” to “his.”
Revised: “He earns his livelihood by the sweat of his brow.”
c. “Though a farmer works hard, does not get enough to eat.”
Issue: The subject is missing in the second clause, making it unclear who “does not get enough to eat.”
Fix: Add “he” to clarify.
Revised: “Though a farmer works hard, he does not get enough to eat.”
d. “An ideal farmer is a seed to the country.”
Issue: “Seed” is metaphorically unclear in this context.
Fix: Change “seed” to “backbone” to convey the idea more clearly.
Revised: “An ideal farmer is the backbone of the country.”
e. “So all of us should respect them.”
Issue: “Them” is incorrect because “an ideal farmer” is singular.
Fix: Change “them” to “him.”
Revised: “So all of us should respect him.”
29. It was already late when we set out for the next town, it according to the map was about fifteen miles away on the other side of the hills. There we felt sure which we would find a bed for the night. Darkness fell soon after they left the village, but luckily we met no someone as drove swiftly along the narrow winding road that led to the hills. As we climbed higher, that became colder and rain began to fall, making difficult at times to see the road. I asked John, my companion, to derive more slowly.
30. Rahman is such a common name that I had better remind where we met. It was at your daughters wedding last year. Her husband Mr. Moniruzzaman is a very old friend of mine. In fact, we were at school together- and I came up from Dhaka for the occasion. In fact I had every intention of remaining in Japan, but since then I have changed mind and I am very much inclined to come back to work in native town. I have been away now for so long that I have very few contacts in Bangladesh. That is why I am writing to now. I should really be most grateful if could put me in touch with anyone who could help or advise.
31. Please don’t put you to a lot of trouble on my behalf. Of course I haven’t forgotten you. I remembered you were as soon as I saw the signature at the foot of the letter. By a strange coincidence, were talking about you the other day. My friend, Mr. Altaf is the editor of a newspaper. He was rather worried because he is just about to lose anyone of top journalists. So far he has not been able to find someone to replace him. He wants anyone which was born and brought up here.
32. One day a cowboy was tending their cows in the field. Many wolves lived in the forest. The cowboy would often cry out ‘Wolf! Wolf!’ in fun. The farmers working in the field heard his cries and thought that he had been really attacked by them. So, they all rushed to the spot to save the cowboy. But their surprise, they found no wolf there. Seeing them the boy began to laugh at them. He played the same trick for several times and the men were befooled. So, they became very angry. One day a wolf really came and attacked the cows. Now the cowboy cried out in fear but one time nobody came to help him. The wolf first killed them and at last it killed the boy.
33. The teacher told his students that he liked them who were disciplined and punctual. Then he added that each of the students should complete their homework regularly. At last, he said that if you did not work regularly, your result would not be good. If they needed, I would guide them.One day a man came into a wood with an axe in its hand and begged all the trees to give him a small branch which it wanted for a particular purpose. There were good natured trees and gave him one of its branches. What the man did but fixed them into the axe head and soon set to work cutting down tree after tree.
34. Translation is an art. It takes a great deal of creativity and patience to do the translation well. It also takes stamina, for translators are underpaid and underappreciated. They are often left off the covers of it they create. In fact, we owe a good deal to a good number of hard-working people and organisations who are responsible for making it available. We thank most notably them who take the financial risk to publish and promote them in an increasingly crowded market.
35. In our country, people have different views about women. The majority cannot still consider men and women on equal terms. They are treated either with a feeling of compassion or they are deprived of their rights. Ignorance and very frequently illiteracy, among us are the main reasons behind this type of attitude. It is true that as a general rule, girls, whether from poor or rich families, are much loved and cared for by the father and brothers. We also need to remember that these are often denied by another women. We first have to make them aware of the great harm they are doing. In the matter of attitude, women need to face menfolk with the expectation of being treated rightly as a woman!
36. A teacher who devotes him to the task of teaching his students is an ideal teacher. He is a very important person in any society or country. He dispels the darkness of ignorance from the minds of them and enkindles the light of education in them. He helps his students in learning their lessons. The teacher teaches him to follow the path of truth and avoid the path of vice. It may lead one to astray. He is in fact, a friend, philosopher and guide to the students. That is why he is considered one of the most important persons of the society and of the nation. He is also regarded as a guardian of civilization.
37. Life is full of struggles. These are quite normal in any one’s life as it is not a bed of roses. Certainly, it has ups and downs. A man has to face innumerable barriers in his life. Sometimes, he can overcome those but sometimes he fails to combat them. He may be born with silver spoon without any trouble. But even then he has to overcome a lot of such to be successful in life. In other words, life is full of challenges. If he cannot fight them successfully, his life becomes full of sorrows. Though the scholars differ in giving the definition of life, they are unanimous that obstacles are the ways of life. In fact, a man has to undergo many in his life.
38. Man is naturally very inquisitive, and so, they want to know the unknown and see the unseen. It is the driving force for all the inventions throughout the human civilization. But, we should keep it in mind that nothing is invented overnight and scientists work for days together to invent what we wish for. They have worked for years and invented the computer. It has brought out a radical change in the field of communication and entertainment.
39. In our country, people have different views about woman. The majority cannot consider men and women on equal terms. They are treated either with a feeling of compassion or they are deprived of their rights. Ignorance and very frequently illiteracy, among us are the main reasons behind this type of attitude. It is true that as general rule girls whether from poor or rich families are much loved and cared for by the father and brothers. We also need to remember that these are often denied by another woman. We first have to make them aware of the great harm they are doing. In the matter of attitude women need to face men folk with the expectation of being treated rightly as women.
40. Once there were two friends, a grocer and a fruit-seller. The grocer was intelligent, the later was dishonest. One day he borrowed a balance and weights from him. After a few days, he told his friend to return his balance and weights. The fruit-seller showed a lame excuse and said that a rat had eaten away its balance and weights. It made the fruit-seller very angry.
41. In small village, a little boy lived with its father and mother. He was the only son for him. The parents of the little boy were very depressed due to its bad temper. The boy used to get angry very soon and taunt others with his bad words. He scolded kids, neighbours and even his friends due to anger. He invited all worries for its parents through it. As a result, his friends and neighbours avoided it.
42. In our country, people have different views about women. The majority cannot still consider men and women on equal terms. They are treated either with a feeling of compassion or they are deprived of their rights. Ignorance and very frequently illiteracy, among us are the main reasons behind this type of attitude. It is true that as a general rule, girls, whether from poor or rich families are much loved and cared for by the father and brothers. We also need to remember that these are often denied by another woman. We first have to make them aware of the great harm they are doing. In the matter of attitude, they need to face menfolk with the expectation of being treated rightly as a woman!
43. In the old days, when men were allowed to have many wives, a middle-aged man had one wife what was old and one that was young; each loved them very much, and desired to see it like herself. Now the man’s hair was turning grey, which the young wife did not like, as he made him look too old for her husband. So every night she used to comb his hair and pick out the white ones. But the elder wife saw her husband growing grey with great pleasure, for she did not like to be mistaken for his mother. So, every morning she used to arrange their hair and pick out as many of the black ones as she could. The consequence was the man soon found itself entirely bald.
44. Othello was a brave soldier whom had risen to become a General. He had shown it bravery in many bloody battles against the Truks. Someone praised him and the senate trusted him. Brabantio, a rich senator of Venice, had only one child, a daughter named Desdimona. Brabantio often invited Othello to his house where he and her daughter listened in wonder to Othello as she spoke about his adventures.
45. Once upon a time, there lived a poor widow. She had a son. He was foolish. One day, the widow told him to sell the calf. It was their only asset. The boy took the calf to the market. But he could not sell them. An old man took the calf for three pea-nuts. In the evening the boy returned home with those pea-nuts. She got furious to see it. She threw away the peanuts out of the window. Next morning, he saw a big nut tree beside their house. He climbed up the tree. He saw a big palace on the top of the tree.
46. At the Writing Centre, you can receive help on any writing assignment. It can make your writing stronger by discussing it with someone else. This will lead to a greater understanding of the proper mechanics and style expected in academic writing. This is an important part of the writing process, and they spend a good deal of time making sure you understand the expectations of written assignments. Using it will definitely make your writing skills stronger, and that will give you greater confidence for your next assignment.
47. A beggar is person that begs from door to door. There are some beggars who beg on streets. He is called street beggars. It is not a profession. It is a social problem. They are the ignoble persons in the society. Though they earn money by begging, they do not contribute to it.
48. Teaching is a profession what is full of challenge. I want to be a teacher because you like working with children. But my father argues that one cannot make much money from it. He wants me to look after their farms instead. Actually, I want to own a farm in future. I think it is a good idea to have farm experience before buying it.
49. Reading comprehension questions test your ability to understand a passage and answer questions on the basis of what is stated and implied in it. One needs to read the passage first so that you can identify the main idea of the passage. If the learners are not clear of the main idea of the passage, it will be really hard for them to answer the questions. It is because most of them are done based on it.
50. The Liberation War of Bangladesh is a memorable event in our national life. She achieved her independence through sacrifice and bloodshed. It is the birth right of a man. On the night of March 25, 1971, the Pakistan army fell upon the unarmed sleeping Bengalese. But they were not cowards. They built up strong resistance against them. They fought with courage for nine months. After nine months’ bloody war and the sacrifice of the freedom fighters, the red sun of independence rose in our soil on the 16th December 1971. Now we remember them with great respect.
51. Character is the most valuable thing in our life. It is called the crown of human life. There are some noble qualities that distinguish a good man from a bad man. A man who cherishes these can be successful in his life. A man of character is respected everywhere. Many people do not know how much valuable it is. A man will be loser if he loses his character. A man without it is like a beast. He has no moral scruple and is capable of doing any evil thing. Nobody likes an unscrupulous person. Everybody likes a man who has good character. He is like a beacon-light and one of the moral forces of the world.
52. Women are nowadays as important as men in society, she constitute nearly half of out total population. No nation can make real progress keeping half of it in the dark. Without the uplift of women, it is not at all possible. Again without education, women cannot be uplifted proper education should be given to her so that they can work hand in hand with them in all development programmers.
53. Once a king ordered his cook to prepare a delicious duck roast. When it was cooked, he could not resist his temptation and ate one of the legs of a roasted duck. When he sat to eat, he found one of the legs of the duck was missing and so, he asked the cook about it. But the cook said that it had only one leg. At this, the king got furious and said that there was no such thing as a one legged duck.
54. Tension means mental, emotional and nervous strain. When a man feels tension, it becomes unfriendly towards others and which may develop into conflict. According to the physicians, tension is the source of disease. There is no man in the world without her. But over tension is harmful for health. If a man wants to be free from tension, it has to remain busy in various activities. An active man always avoids him by remaining busy in his works.
55. When a child is born, he is totally helpless. It is his parents who came forward to remove this. So, the parents are the best friends of all the children on earth. They are greatly cared of by them.
56. A farmer’s child was eating a piece of meat. Suddenly, a crow snatched the piece of meat from him and flew to a tree. A fox was going under it. He saw the piece of meat in the beak of the crow. He was very tempted. He thought of having a good meal with that. So, he started flattering him. “Hi Mr. Crow,” said the fox. “It is known to everybody that you have a sweet tone. Will you please sing a song for me?” The crow felt very flattered and agreed to sing. When he opened his mouth, the piece of meat fell to the ground. The fox took it up and left the place befooling the crow. Then, the crow realized this and decided not to believe a flatterer again.
57. Mandela left public life in June 2004 telling his adoring countrymen not to call them. Regarding it, Nadine Gordimer said, “He is at the epicenter of his time, our in South Africa and your, wherever you are.”
58. One day, there was a mouse that was very afraid. A big cat was chasing him. He was running as fast as he could to save their life. The mouse saw a big grandfather clock. It climbed the clock. It reached the top and sat down to rest. Not long after that, it struck one, ‘Dong! It had such a shock that he ran down the clock.
59. In order to know whether a nation is rich or poor, he does not need to count the number of its palatial buildings and monuments or the number of those people which enjoy a high standard of living. It is enough to count the number of their literate people. The rate of literacy or illiteracy in a country determines whether a country is rich or poor, developed or underdeveloped. Illiteracy is a curse because it keeps people ignorant and detached him from the world. This takes him to the level no better than a beast.
60. Books are the medium through which human beings talk with enlightened minds, the great men of the world. They are our best friends. They introduce them to the life and the world. Books are the mirrors of past, present and even future. These are having an active voice. We know about the thoughts and deeds of our ancestors through it. They make the noble men alive in the world forever.
61. Some substances remain in suspended state in water. It is dust, sand, clay, silt and mud. The microscopic plants and animals are also present in suspended state in it. It is called planktons. Both dissolved and suspended impurities are responsible for colour, odour and turbidity of water. When some pathogenic bacteria such as E. coli and other bacteria are present in water, it causes serious diseases like diarrhoea, jaundice, typhoid and other diseases related to alimentary canal, if it is used for drinking purpose.
62. Autism is a physical disorder of the brain who causes a lifelong developmental disability. Unfortunately, a number of boys and girls become victim of it after their birth. Children with autism vary widely in their activities, abilities, behaviours etc. and the symptoms may appear differently in him. The sorrows and sufferings of the parents of those know no bounds. Though the autistic children are quite different in activities from the normal children, they should not be neglected. Rather, we have a great responsibility towards them.
63. Honesty is the best policy. It is honesty which brings happiness in life. Without it, none can dream of a great life. Those who were great in their lifetime were honest. They worked with sincerity, lived earnestly and died with honour. His contributions to this world are unforgettable. So, if you want themselves to be in their league, be honest. Remember, there is no short-cut way to a great life.
64. Street accident have become a matter of daily occurrence nowadays in our country. In the morning, when we open the newspaper, we have to see the news of street accidents. They, of course, happen mostly due to rash driving. They are being killed and hundreds are being wounded every year. At present, it has become almost impossible to predict which vehicle will reach safely to the destination. One cannot say that he will reach home without being injured by accident. It seems that they are made only for the drives of the automobiles and they are given license to do what they like.
65. People must possess honesty and tolerance if we want to be successful in life. Without it, you cannot expect trust and respect from others. Without it, you cannot maintain your success for a long time, because it needs continuous effort. Honesty and tolerance go hand in hand and it complements the other. Our combination always brings the best result.
66. Read the newspaper carefully. Everyday one will find here many examples of human joy and human tragedy which can give you ideas for articles, essays or short stories. Keep a notebook in which to put down that you notice, or ideas that come to you when you are out walking, when you are reading a book or magazine, or at another time. Some people get the ideas in the bath, or when are awake during the night. Unless they write it down, they may forget them.
67. The Egyptians believed that after death, people would go to another world. One thought that in that world, people still would need many things he had on earth. Their kings had many wonderful treasures. They loved and respected them very much. So, they buried them with dead kings.
68. Street accidents have become a matter of daily occurrence nowadays in our country. In the morning, when we open the newspaper, we have to see the news of street accidents. They, of course, happen mostly due to rash driving. They are being killed and hundreds are being wounded every year. At present it has become almost impossible to predict which vehicle will reach safely to the destination. One cannot say that he will reach home without being injured by accident; it seems that they are made only for the drivers of the automobiles and they are given license to do what they like.
69. Yesterday I went to New Market and bought a costly cell phone and a pair of shoes. But on the way, a snatcher snatched it. So, I called the police station and told them to catch the snatcher. After that I returned home and blamed him for my carelessness. In the evening, I got a phone call from New Market Thana. He told me that they had caught him with my cell phone.
70. Questions are set to assess our ability to make out a passage and answer the questions on the basis of what is stated in it. One needs to read it so that you can identify the main idea of the passage. If the learners are not clear of the main idea, it will be difficult for them to answer the questions. It is because most of them are done based on the main idea.
71. Once there lived two friends, a grocer and a fruitseller. The grocer was very intelligent, but the latter was very dishonest. One day, he borrowed a balance and weights from him. After a few days, he told his friend to return his balance and weights. The grocer showed a lame excuse and said that a rat had eaten away its balance and weights. It made the fruitseller very angry.
72. Once two friends, Anis and Nawsad, desired to go on a tour to the Sundarbans. Anis requested him to have a fillet knife for the necessary purpose. While entering into the deep jungle of them, Nawsad saw a colourful snake laying on the trodden path. As a result, each of him got afraid of it. Instantly, he raised its head to bite one of them. Nawsad themselves tried to kill him with that knife.
73. Sunlight is the source of all energy on earth. All the living beings are dependent upon this. Green plants are the producer of ecosystem. All plants and animals of it are interconnected serially. Consequently, there develops a food chain among these. The transfer of food energy takes place from producers through a series of food levels. This is called the food chain in the ecosystem. There are numerous food chain in an ecosystem. It does not work in isolation. These are linked together to form a food web.
74. In our country, people have different views about women. The majority cannot still consider men and women on equal terms. They are treated either with a feeling of compassion or they are deprived of their rights. Ignorance and very frequently illiteracy, among us are the main reasons behind this type of attitude. It is true that as a general rule, girls, whether from poor or rich families, are much loved and cared for by the father and brothers. We also need to remember that these are often denied by another woman. We first have to make them aware of the great harm they are doing. In the matter of attitude, they need to face menfolk with the expectation of being treated rightly as a woman!
Case
Case
Grammatical case pertains to nouns and pronouns. A noun’s or a pronoun’s case shows its relationship with the other words in a sentence. A noun does not change its form in any of the cases other than the possessive case. A pronoun, however, changes its form in the possessive and the objective case.
The main cases you will encounter in English are:
1. Subjective /Nominative (subject of a verb)
Example: Rila went to the shop. Bill is a policeman. She went to the shop. It is he.
2. Possessive/ Genitive (show possession)
Example: This is Rima’s bag. This is her bag.
3. Objective /Dative / Accusative (direct/indirect object of a verb/ preposition)
Example: I visited Riva. Rahim reads a book. I visited her. The horse kicked me. Take me to her.
4. Vocative Case (is addressed directly)
Example: Rina, is this your pen? Brother, could I take your pen? Good bye, mother. You, get off my lawn. Go there, Rahim. May I come in sir.
Nominative and Objective case can be used as pronoun, adjective, infinitive, gerund, verbal noun, phrase, clause etc
|
|
Nominative |
Objective |
|
noun |
Orin goes to school. |
He reads the Quran. |
|
pronoun |
He visited Khulna. |
We called him. |
|
adjective |
The poor live in hand to mouth. |
He helps the poor. |
|
infinitive |
To err is human. |
I want to sleep. |
|
gerund |
Walking is a good exercise. |
|
|
verbal noun |
The reading of newspaper is a good habit. |
I like the playing of cricket. |
|
phrase |
A man of letters came here. |
I met a man of parts. |
|
clause |
What he says is known to all. |
I know how he did it. |
The case at a glance
|
3rd Person |
|||
|
Nouns |
Subjective |
Possessive |
Objective |
|
Singular |
frog |
frog’s |
frog |
|
Minu |
Minu’s |
Minu |
|
|
Plural |
frogs |
frogs’ |
frogs |
|
witches |
witches’ |
witches |
|
|
Personal Pronouns |
Person |
Subjec tive |
Possessive |
Objective |
|
Number |
1st |
I |
my, mine |
me |
|
Singular |
2nd |
you |
your, yours |
you |
|
3rd |
he/she /it |
his/her/ hers/its/ our/ours |
him/her /it |
|
|
Plural |
1st |
we |
your, yours |
us |
|
2nd |
you |
their, theirs |
you |
|
|
3rd |
they |
|
them |
|
Other Pronouns |
Relative/ interrogative pronouns |
Indefinite pronouns |
||
|
Subjective |
Who |
Which |
That/ what |
everybody |
|
Possessive |
Whose |
of which |
|
everybody’s |
|
Objective |
Whom |
Which |
That/ what |
everybody |
Formation of Possessive case:
|
Process |
|
Examples |
|
by adding (’s) If the word ends without “s” |
singular |
Shawkot’s book, kamal’s pen, mother’s glass, baby’s toy. The boy’s father, The girl’s mother |
|
plural |
women’s co-operative, children’s park, men’s dress, people’s republic. |
|
|
by adding (’s) If the word ends in “s” |
singular |
jesus’ speech, brutass’ car, keates’ poem. For goodness’ sake, Moses’s laws |
|
plural |
boys’ school, girls’ school, sailors’ cap, brothers’ garden. |
|
|
by adding (’s) |
Compound noun |
brother-in-law’s home, Inspector-general’s office, Rahim and Karim’s flat, Sami and Rahi’s mother. |
|
by adding (’s) |
|
Rahim’s hen or The hen of Rahim. Rabbi’s goat or the goat of rabbi. |
|
using of before subject |
material noun |
The legs of chair are broken. |
|
by adding (’s) |
denoting time, space or weight. |
Three days’ leave, A yard’s length, A ton’s wait. In a year’s time, A week’s holiday, Five minutes’ walk, A pound’s weight |
|
|
Some common phrases |
At his fingers’ ends, For mercy’s sake, To his heart’s content, A boat’s crew, At his wit’s end, a day’s work, a month’s pay, today’s newspaper, in a year’s time |
Possessive case:
অধিকার সম্বন্ধ বা কর্তৃত্ব সম্বন্ধ বোঝায়। এটি “কার” এই প্রশ্নের উত্তর দেয়।
– This is Ram’s book. (কার বই– Ram এর)
– These are Shakespeare’s plays.(কার নাটক – Shakespeare’s এর)
1. শেষে ‘s’ বিহীন singular/plural noun এর সাধারণত Apostrophe S (’s) যোগ করে Possessive করা হয়। যেমন– Shawkot’s book, kamal’s pen, mother’s glass, baby’s toy. The boy’s father, The girl’s mother, women’s co-operative, children’s park, men’s dress, people’s republic.
2. শেষে ‘s’ যুক্ত singular/plural noun এর শেষে শুধু Apostrophe যোগ করে Possessive করা হয়। যেমন– jesus’ speech, brutass’ car, keats’ poem. For goodness’ sake, Moses’s laws boys’ school, girls’ school, sailors’ cap, brothers’ garden.
3. Compound nounএর শেষে Apostrophe ও S (’s) যোগ করে Possessive করা হয়। যেমন– brother-in-law’s home, Inspector-general’s office, Rahim and Karim’s flat, Sami and Rahi’s mother.
4. And দ্বারা যুক্ত একাধিক noun যৌথ অধিকার প্রকাশ করলে শেষের noun টির সাথে (’s) যোগ করতে হয়। যেমন– Rahim and Karim’s flat, Sami and Rahi’s mother.
5.সাধারণত ব্যক্তির ক্ষেত্রে (’s) বসিয়ে বা তার পূর্বে of বসিয়ে Possessive করা হয়। যেমন–
6.অচেতন পদার্থের ক্ষেত্রে (’s) না বসিয়ে of বসিয়ে Possessive করতে হয়। যেমন–
Incorrect – The Chair’s legs are broken.
Correct – The legs of chair are broken.
7. সময়, দুরুত্ব ও ওজন প্রকাশক noun এর সাথে (s’) যোগ করে Possessive করতে হয়। যেমন – Three days’ leave, A yard’s length, A ton’s wait.
Gender
Gender এর আভিধানিক অর্থ হল লিঙ্গ। অর্থাৎ Gender হচ্ছে কোন noun বা pronoun এর সেই রূপ যা দিয়ে প্রকাশ করা হয় ঐ noun বা pronoun টি স্ত্রী, পুরুষ, ক্লীব না কি উ ভয় লিঙ্গ।
Gender is defined as a classification of a noun or pronoun as feminine, masculine or neuter.
Types of Gender
| Gender | expression | Example | |
| 1 | Masculine (পুং লিঙ্গ) | only male | Man, Loin, Hero, Boy, King, Horse, Actor, Brother, Bull, He, Dog, Cock etc |
| 2 | Feminine (স্ত্রী লিঙ্গ) | only female | Woman, Cow, Hen, Girl, Queen, Actress etc. |
| 3 | Common (উভয় লিঙ্গ) | both male and female | teacher, child, worker, friends, cousin, baby, neighbor , citizen, enemy etc. baby, bird, cat, cattle, companion, comrade, dancer, deer, friend, guardian, guest, infant, owner, parent, passenger, pig, president, pupil, relative, sheep, singer, student, swan, teacher etc. |
| 4 | Neuter (ক্লীব লিঙ্গ) | non- living things | book, table, pen, gold, School, rock etc. |
Rules on changing Gender
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Rule 1 – কতগুলো noun এর ক্ষেত্রে সম্পূর্ণ ভিন্ন শব্দ ব্যবহার করে Feminine Gender করতে হয়। যেমন –
| Masculine | Feminine | Masculine | Feminine |
| Father | Mother | bachelor | maid/spinster |
| Brother | Sister | bridegroom | bride |
| Husband | Wife | grandfather | grandmother |
| King | Queen | nephew | niece |
| Fox | Vixen | son | daughter |
| Dog | Bitch | uncle | aunt |
| Male | Female | wizard | witch |
| Uncle | Aunt | policeman | policewoman |
| Wizard | Witch | fox | vixen |
| Bull | Cow | gander | goose |
| Lord | Lady | man | woman |
| Sir | Madam | daddy | mummy |
| Tailor | Seamstress | dad | mum |
| Papa | Mamma | czar | czarina |
| boar | sow | buck | doe |
| rooster | hen | stallion | mare |
| drake | duck | ram | ewe |
| bull | cow | duke | duchess |
| brave | squaw | Boy Scout | Girl Guide |
| fiance | fiancée | gentleman | lady |
| governor | matron | hero | heroine |
| millionaire | millionaires | Mr. | Mrs. |
| monk | nun | lad | lass |
| male | female | landlord | landlady |
| grandson | granddaughter | manservant | maidservant |
| donkey/ ass | jenny | colt (young horse) | filly |
| gander | goose | drone | bee |
| widower | widow | stag | hind |
| wizard | witch | sultan | sultana |
Rule 2 – কতগুলো noun এর শেষে “ess” যুক্ত করে Feminine Gender করতে হয়। যেমন–
| Masculine | Feminine | Masculine | Feminine |
| Author | Authoress | Poet | Poetess |
| Baron | Baroness | murderer | murderess |
| Count | Countess | host | hostess |
| Heir | Heiress | god | goddess |
| Peer | Peeress | giant | giantess |
| Prophet | Prophetess | manager | manageress |
| Steward | Stewardess | mayor | mayoress |
| Manager | Manageress | shepherd | shepherdess |
| God | Goddess | tailor | tailoress |
| Priest | Priestess | leopard | leopardess |
| Host | Hostess | Lion | Lioness |
| Jew | Jewess |
Rule 3-কতগুলো Masculine noun এর শেষের vowel তুলে দেয়ার পর উহাদের শেষে “ess” যোগ করে Feminine করতে হয়। যেমন –
| Masculine | Feminine | Masculine | Feminine |
| Actor | Actress | waiter | waitress |
| Conductor | Conductress | master | mistress |
| Hunter | Huntress | emperor | empress |
| Instructor | Instructress | author | authoress |
| Songster | Songstress | Negro | Negress |
| Traitor | Traitors | murderer | murderess |
| Benefactor | Benefactress | monitor | monitress |
| Tiger | Tigress | headmaster | headmistress |
| Director | directress | postmaster | postmistress |
| proprietor | proprietress | protector | protectress |
Rule 4 – কিছু কিছু Masculine noun এর ক্ষেত্রে কিছুটা ব্যতিক্রমী ভাবে “ess” যুক্ত হয়। যেমন –
| Masculine | Feminine | Masculine | Feminine |
| Abot | Abbess | Duke | Duchess |
| Emperor | Empress | Master | Mistress |
| Master | Miss | Mr | Mrs |
| Murderer | Murderess |
Rule 5 – কিছু Masculine noun এর শেষে a, ine, ix যুক্ত করে Feminine করতে হয়। যেমন –
| Masculine | Feminine | Masculine | Feminine |
| Don | Dona | Sultan | Sultana |
| Signor | Signora | Prosecutor | Prosecutrix |
| Executor | Executrix | Proprietor | Proprietrix |
| Hero | Heroine | administrator | administratrix |
| testator | testatrix |
Rule 6 –Compound noun গুলোর পুরুষবাচক অংশটিকে Feminine করে।
প্রথম noun টিকে Feminine করে –
| Masculine | Feminine | Masculine | Feminine |
| Boy-baby | Girl-baby | Son-in-law | Daughter-in-law |
| Bull-calf | Cow-calf | Brother-in-law | Sister-in-law |
| Billy-goat | Nanny-goat | Male-servant | Female-servant |
| Man-servant | Maid-servant | Mankind | Womankind |
| Male-child | Female-child | he-wolf | she-wolf |
| she-goat | he-goat | billy-goat | nanny-goat |
| bull-seal | cow-seal | bull-whale | cow-whale |
| cock-sparrow | hen-sparrow |
পরের noun টিকে Feminine করে –
| Masculine | Feminine | Masculine | Feminine |
| Fisherman | Fisherwoman | Godfather | Godmother |
| Gentleman | Gentlewoman | Landlord | Landlady |
| peacock | Peahen | stepson | Stepdaughter |
| stepbrother | Stepsister | Great-uncle | Great-aunt |
| Grandfather | Grandmother | washerman | washerwoman |
| step-son | step-daughter | step-father | step-mother |
| peacock | peahen | postman | postwoman |
| turkey-cock | turkey-hen | milkman | milkmaid |
Rule 7- প্রকৃতিতে বিরাজমান বিভিন্ন প্রাণহীন সত্তাকে প্রাণবন্ত সত্ত্বারুপে গণ্য করলে উহাদের বিশেষ বিশেষ বৈশিষ্ট্য অনুসারে উহাদের Gender গণ্য করা হয়।
শক্তিশালী সত্ত্বাগুলোকে পুরুষবাচক বা Masculine হিসেবে গণ্য করা হয়। যেমন– sun, summer, winter, death, time, anger, war, thunder, fear, ইত্যাদি।
সৌন্দর্য, কোমলতা, স্নিগ্ধতার ন্যায় নারীসুলভ গুনের অধিকারী সত্ত্বাগুলোকে Feminine হিসেবে গণ্য করা হয়। যেমন– Moon, peace, hope, nature, earth, night, spring ইত্যাদি।
দেশ, রেলগাড়ি, জাহাজ সর্বদা Feminine হিসেবে গণ্য করা হয়।
যেমন
– The ship reflects her beauty.
– Our country lost her famous persons.
Rule 8-কিছু noun সর্বদা Feminine রুপে ব্যবহার হয়। এদের কোন Masculine নেই। যেমন – nurse, virgin, prude, serin, shrew ইত্যাদি।
Rule 9 –
আবার কতগুলো noun সর্বদা Masculine হিসেবে গণ্য করা হয়।এদের কোন Feminine নেই। যেমন – judge, chairman, knight, parson, captain.
Exercise
1. Arrange the following nouns in four groups – Masculine, Feminine, Common and Neuter. husband, nephew, he-goat, poet, lion, grandfather, duchess, charity, cock, monk, actor widower, god-father, porter, son-in-law, count, grandson, virgin, negress, king, abot, Mr. father, son, her, tiger, monarch, prince, hero, duke, maiden, slave, miss, water, princess, moon, cow, captain, people, cat.
2. Give the feminine forms of the following nouns:
male-servant, gentleman, pea-cock, prince, shepherd, horse, monk, boy, father, uncle, god, lion, tailor, cock, lad, male, master, hero, tutor, mankind
3. Give the masculine forms of the following nouns:
waitress, miss, sultana, administratix, bride, widow, she-goat, landlady, foster-mother, roe, bee, heiress, grand-daughter, cow-calf, cow, mother, wife, lady, niece, hind, witch, ewe, giantess, poetess, princess
4. Fill in the blanks with appropriate gender given in brackets.
(a) Akbar was an — emperor/empress)
(b) The — (bull/cow) gives us milk.
(c) The — (lion/lioness) has mane.
(d) Nazrul is a great — (poet/poetess).
(e) Mrs. Sabiha was the — (chairman/chairperson) of the meeting.
(f) Mrs. Islam is the — (headmaster/headmistress) of the school.
(g) The wife of the man died. He is a — (widow/widower).
(h) The — (bride/bridegroom) put on a beautiful saree.
(i) The son of a king is called a — (prince/princess).
(j) Amir Khan is a good — (actor/actress).
5. Fill in the blanks with appropriate gender given in brackets.
(a) He had many lands. He was a — (landlord/landlady).
(b) He milks his — (bull/cow) everyday.
(c) The — (tiger/tigress) gave birth two cubs.
(d) Sofia works as a — (man-servant/maid-servant).
(e) Sima is my — (nephew/niece).
(f) The name of his — (brother-in-law/sister-in-law) is Ashiq Hossain.
(g) Hanif is my — (brother/sister).
(h) Elizabeth II is the — (king/queen) of England.
(i) Tareq was a great Muslim — (hero/heroine).
(j) Her — (husband/wife) is a doctor.
6. Fill in the blanks with appropriate gender given in brackets.
(a) Liza works as a — (host/hostess) in Bangladesh Biman.
(b) Sakib was a famous (actor/actress).
(c) Kamal is a — (poet/poetess).
(d) The (dog/bitch) gave birth three puppies.
(e) Amin is a — (bachalor/maid).
(f) Rekha is a — (bachalor/maid).
(g) Susan is a — (monk/nun).
(h) The — (cock/hen) has four chickens.
(i) The name of his — (master/mistress) is Ali Ahmed.
(j) Zafar Iqbal is a famous — (author/authoress).
7. Fill in the blanks with appropriate gender given in brackets.
(a) His — (step brother/step sister), Suman is a teacher. (
(b) Victoria was the — (king/queen) of England
(c) (Prince/Princess) —— Diana died in an accident.
(d) Runa is the — (heir/heiress) of her father.
(e) The — (pea-cock/pea-hen) has feathers.
(f) Sultana Rajia is an (emperor/emperess).
(g) Our English — (sir/madam), Mr. Imran Hossain, is very fond of us.
(h) Most of the — (men/women) in our country stay at home.
(i) There is only one — (drone/bee) in a bee-hive.
(j)The — (gander/goose) has laid an egg.
8. Fill in the blanks with appropriate following gender.
hen, waiter, emperor, bride, actress, bitch, aunt, goddess, ladies, sisters
(a) The — has laid an egg.
(b) Rafiq is a — in a big hotel.
(c) The — reached the party late.
(d) Lipi, Liza and Runa are —.
(e) She is a famous —.
(f) The — has given birth two puppies.
(g)After the death of my uncle, my — took care of me.
(h) The ancient Greeks believed in gods and —.
(i) He addressed the audiences as — and gentlemen.
(j) Shajahan was an —.
9. Fill in the blanks with appropriate following gender.
lady, emperor, bridgegroom, heiress, prince, madam, Mrs, hero, husband, queen
(a) The — is doing her work sincerely.
(b) — Nasiruddin was very kind hearted.
(c) Both the bride and the — are known to me.
(d) He has no heir and —.
(e) Charles Philiph is the — of England.
(f) In Mrs. Jesmin is our favourite —.
(g) —, Sharmin was our guide.
(h) A — loves his country.
(i) A wife is faithful to her —.
(j) Cleopetra was the — of Egypt.
10. Fill in the blanks with appropriate gender given in the box.
milk-man, hunter, washerman, foster father, authoress, porter, songster, beggar, traitor, negro
(a) Jamir Ali is —. He washes clothes very nicely.
(b) Runa Laila is a famous —.
(c) Robi has no father. His — takes care of him.
(d) Rahim is a — of Kamalapur railway station.
(e) — prepares ghee, butter etc. from milk.
(f) Reya Begum is a —. She begs from door to door.
(g) Everybody loves a patriot and hates a —.
(h) The — of this book is Sofia Kamal.
(i) Uncle Tom was a — slave.
(j) My uncle is a —. Very often he goes to the Sunderbans for hunting.
11. Read the passage and change the genders of the underlined words.
Once I got an opportunity to visit national zoo with some (a) authors. Some (b) actors were also with us. My attention was drawn by the (c) stags. Then I saw a big (d) tiger in a cage. I felt very happy when I saw an Arabian (e) stallion. I became wondered seeing a very big (f) lion. It was the first time I saw a (g) pea-cock. I also saw (h) duck-rabbit, (i) buck and (j) cock Sparrow there.
12. Read the passage and change the genders of the underlined words.
My (a) sister is a (b) waitress in a hotel in Singapore. I went to visit (c) her with my (d) husband and (e) daughters. My (f) mother-in-law and two (g) sister-in-laws were with us. When we reached the the airport, we were looking for (h) porters but in vain. Anyhow we reached the hotel where we were welcomed by (i) my sister who introduced us to the (j) manager of the hotel.