Gender এর আভিধানিক অর্থ হল লিঙ্গ। অর্থাৎ Gender হচ্ছে কোন noun বা pronoun এর সেই রূপ যা দিয়ে প্রকাশ করা হয় ঐ noun বা pronoun টি স্ত্রী, পুরুষ, ক্লীব না কি উ ভয় লিঙ্গ।
Gender is defined as a classification of a noun or pronoun as feminine, masculine or neuter.
Types of Gender
| Gender | expression | Example | |
| 1 | Masculine (পুং লিঙ্গ) | only male | Man, Loin, Hero, Boy, King, Horse, Actor, Brother, Bull, He, Dog, Cock etc |
| 2 | Feminine (স্ত্রী লিঙ্গ) | only female | Woman, Cow, Hen, Girl, Queen, Actress etc. |
| 3 | Common (উভয় লিঙ্গ) | both male and female | teacher, child, worker, friends, cousin, baby, neighbor , citizen, enemy etc. baby, bird, cat, cattle, companion, comrade, dancer, deer, friend, guardian, guest, infant, owner, parent, passenger, pig, president, pupil, relative, sheep, singer, student, swan, teacher etc. |
| 4 | Neuter (ক্লীব লিঙ্গ) | non- living things | book, table, pen, gold, School, rock etc. |
Rules on changing Gender
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Rule 1 – কতগুলো noun এর ক্ষেত্রে সম্পূর্ণ ভিন্ন শব্দ ব্যবহার করে Feminine Gender করতে হয়। যেমন –
| Masculine | Feminine | Masculine | Feminine |
| Father | Mother | bachelor | maid/spinster |
| Brother | Sister | bridegroom | bride |
| Husband | Wife | grandfather | grandmother |
| King | Queen | nephew | niece |
| Fox | Vixen | son | daughter |
| Dog | Bitch | uncle | aunt |
| Male | Female | wizard | witch |
| Uncle | Aunt | policeman | policewoman |
| Wizard | Witch | fox | vixen |
| Bull | Cow | gander | goose |
| Lord | Lady | man | woman |
| Sir | Madam | daddy | mummy |
| Tailor | Seamstress | dad | mum |
| Papa | Mamma | czar | czarina |
| boar | sow | buck | doe |
| rooster | hen | stallion | mare |
| drake | duck | ram | ewe |
| bull | cow | duke | duchess |
| brave | squaw | Boy Scout | Girl Guide |
| fiance | fiancée | gentleman | lady |
| governor | matron | hero | heroine |
| millionaire | millionaires | Mr. | Mrs. |
| monk | nun | lad | lass |
| male | female | landlord | landlady |
| grandson | granddaughter | manservant | maidservant |
| donkey/ ass | jenny | colt (young horse) | filly |
| gander | goose | drone | bee |
| widower | widow | stag | hind |
| wizard | witch | sultan | sultana |
Rule 2 – কতগুলো noun এর শেষে “ess” যুক্ত করে Feminine Gender করতে হয়। যেমন–
| Masculine | Feminine | Masculine | Feminine |
| Author | Authoress | Poet | Poetess |
| Baron | Baroness | murderer | murderess |
| Count | Countess | host | hostess |
| Heir | Heiress | god | goddess |
| Peer | Peeress | giant | giantess |
| Prophet | Prophetess | manager | manageress |
| Steward | Stewardess | mayor | mayoress |
| Manager | Manageress | shepherd | shepherdess |
| God | Goddess | tailor | tailoress |
| Priest | Priestess | leopard | leopardess |
| Host | Hostess | Lion | Lioness |
| Jew | Jewess |
Rule 3-কতগুলো Masculine noun এর শেষের vowel তুলে দেয়ার পর উহাদের শেষে “ess” যোগ করে Feminine করতে হয়। যেমন –
| Masculine | Feminine | Masculine | Feminine |
| Actor | Actress | waiter | waitress |
| Conductor | Conductress | master | mistress |
| Hunter | Huntress | emperor | empress |
| Instructor | Instructress | author | authoress |
| Songster | Songstress | Negro | Negress |
| Traitor | Traitors | murderer | murderess |
| Benefactor | Benefactress | monitor | monitress |
| Tiger | Tigress | headmaster | headmistress |
| Director | directress | postmaster | postmistress |
| proprietor | proprietress | protector | protectress |
Rule 4 – কিছু কিছু Masculine noun এর ক্ষেত্রে কিছুটা ব্যতিক্রমী ভাবে “ess” যুক্ত হয়। যেমন –
| Masculine | Feminine | Masculine | Feminine |
| Abot | Abbess | Duke | Duchess |
| Emperor | Empress | Master | Mistress |
| Master | Miss | Mr | Mrs |
| Murderer | Murderess |
Rule 5 – কিছু Masculine noun এর শেষে a, ine, ix যুক্ত করে Feminine করতে হয়। যেমন –
| Masculine | Feminine | Masculine | Feminine |
| Don | Dona | Sultan | Sultana |
| Signor | Signora | Prosecutor | Prosecutrix |
| Executor | Executrix | Proprietor | Proprietrix |
| Hero | Heroine | administrator | administratrix |
| testator | testatrix |
Rule 6 –Compound noun গুলোর পুরুষবাচক অংশটিকে Feminine করে।
প্রথম noun টিকে Feminine করে –
| Masculine | Feminine | Masculine | Feminine |
| Boy-baby | Girl-baby | Son-in-law | Daughter-in-law |
| Bull-calf | Cow-calf | Brother-in-law | Sister-in-law |
| Billy-goat | Nanny-goat | Male-servant | Female-servant |
| Man-servant | Maid-servant | Mankind | Womankind |
| Male-child | Female-child | he-wolf | she-wolf |
| she-goat | he-goat | billy-goat | nanny-goat |
| bull-seal | cow-seal | bull-whale | cow-whale |
| cock-sparrow | hen-sparrow |
পরের noun টিকে Feminine করে –
| Masculine | Feminine | Masculine | Feminine |
| Fisherman | Fisherwoman | Godfather | Godmother |
| Gentleman | Gentlewoman | Landlord | Landlady |
| peacock | Peahen | stepson | Stepdaughter |
| stepbrother | Stepsister | Great-uncle | Great-aunt |
| Grandfather | Grandmother | washerman | washerwoman |
| step-son | step-daughter | step-father | step-mother |
| peacock | peahen | postman | postwoman |
| turkey-cock | turkey-hen | milkman | milkmaid |
Rule 7- প্রকৃতিতে বিরাজমান বিভিন্ন প্রাণহীন সত্তাকে প্রাণবন্ত সত্ত্বারুপে গণ্য করলে উহাদের বিশেষ বিশেষ বৈশিষ্ট্য অনুসারে উহাদের Gender গণ্য করা হয়।
শক্তিশালী সত্ত্বাগুলোকে পুরুষবাচক বা Masculine হিসেবে গণ্য করা হয়। যেমন– sun, summer, winter, death, time, anger, war, thunder, fear, ইত্যাদি।
সৌন্দর্য, কোমলতা, স্নিগ্ধতার ন্যায় নারীসুলভ গুনের অধিকারী সত্ত্বাগুলোকে Feminine হিসেবে গণ্য করা হয়। যেমন– Moon, peace, hope, nature, earth, night, spring ইত্যাদি।
দেশ, রেলগাড়ি, জাহাজ সর্বদা Feminine হিসেবে গণ্য করা হয়।
যেমন
– The ship reflects her beauty.
– Our country lost her famous persons.
Rule 8-কিছু noun সর্বদা Feminine রুপে ব্যবহার হয়। এদের কোন Masculine নেই। যেমন – nurse, virgin, prude, serin, shrew ইত্যাদি।
Rule 9 –
আবার কতগুলো noun সর্বদা Masculine হিসেবে গণ্য করা হয়।এদের কোন Feminine নেই। যেমন – judge, chairman, knight, parson, captain.
Exercise
1. Arrange the following nouns in four groups – Masculine, Feminine, Common and Neuter. husband, nephew, he-goat, poet, lion, grandfather, duchess, charity, cock, monk, actor widower, god-father, porter, son-in-law, count, grandson, virgin, negress, king, abot, Mr. father, son, her, tiger, monarch, prince, hero, duke, maiden, slave, miss, water, princess, moon, cow, captain, people, cat.
2. Give the feminine forms of the following nouns:
male-servant, gentleman, pea-cock, prince, shepherd, horse, monk, boy, father, uncle, god, lion, tailor, cock, lad, male, master, hero, tutor, mankind
3. Give the masculine forms of the following nouns:
waitress, miss, sultana, administratix, bride, widow, she-goat, landlady, foster-mother, roe, bee, heiress, grand-daughter, cow-calf, cow, mother, wife, lady, niece, hind, witch, ewe, giantess, poetess, princess
4. Fill in the blanks with appropriate gender given in brackets.
(a) Akbar was an — emperor/empress)
(b) The — (bull/cow) gives us milk.
(c) The — (lion/lioness) has mane.
(d) Nazrul is a great — (poet/poetess).
(e) Mrs. Sabiha was the — (chairman/chairperson) of the meeting.
(f) Mrs. Islam is the — (headmaster/headmistress) of the school.
(g) The wife of the man died. He is a — (widow/widower).
(h) The — (bride/bridegroom) put on a beautiful saree.
(i) The son of a king is called a — (prince/princess).
(j) Amir Khan is a good — (actor/actress).
5. Fill in the blanks with appropriate gender given in brackets.
(a) He had many lands. He was a — (landlord/landlady).
(b) He milks his — (bull/cow) everyday.
(c) The — (tiger/tigress) gave birth two cubs.
(d) Sofia works as a — (man-servant/maid-servant).
(e) Sima is my — (nephew/niece).
(f) The name of his — (brother-in-law/sister-in-law) is Ashiq Hossain.
(g) Hanif is my — (brother/sister).
(h) Elizabeth II is the — (king/queen) of England.
(i) Tareq was a great Muslim — (hero/heroine).
(j) Her — (husband/wife) is a doctor.
6. Fill in the blanks with appropriate gender given in brackets.
(a) Liza works as a — (host/hostess) in Bangladesh Biman.
(b) Sakib was a famous (actor/actress).
(c) Kamal is a — (poet/poetess).
(d) The (dog/bitch) gave birth three puppies.
(e) Amin is a — (bachalor/maid).
(f) Rekha is a — (bachalor/maid).
(g) Susan is a — (monk/nun).
(h) The — (cock/hen) has four chickens.
(i) The name of his — (master/mistress) is Ali Ahmed.
(j) Zafar Iqbal is a famous — (author/authoress).
7. Fill in the blanks with appropriate gender given in brackets.
(a) His — (step brother/step sister), Suman is a teacher. (
(b) Victoria was the — (king/queen) of England
(c) (Prince/Princess) —— Diana died in an accident.
(d) Runa is the — (heir/heiress) of her father.
(e) The — (pea-cock/pea-hen) has feathers.
(f) Sultana Rajia is an (emperor/emperess).
(g) Our English — (sir/madam), Mr. Imran Hossain, is very fond of us.
(h) Most of the — (men/women) in our country stay at home.
(i) There is only one — (drone/bee) in a bee-hive.
(j)The — (gander/goose) has laid an egg.
8. Fill in the blanks with appropriate following gender.
hen, waiter, emperor, bride, actress, bitch, aunt, goddess, ladies, sisters
(a) The — has laid an egg.
(b) Rafiq is a — in a big hotel.
(c) The — reached the party late.
(d) Lipi, Liza and Runa are —.
(e) She is a famous —.
(f) The — has given birth two puppies.
(g)After the death of my uncle, my — took care of me.
(h) The ancient Greeks believed in gods and —.
(i) He addressed the audiences as — and gentlemen.
(j) Shajahan was an —.
9. Fill in the blanks with appropriate following gender.
lady, emperor, bridgegroom, heiress, prince, madam, Mrs, hero, husband, queen
(a) The — is doing her work sincerely.
(b) — Nasiruddin was very kind hearted.
(c) Both the bride and the — are known to me.
(d) He has no heir and —.
(e) Charles Philiph is the — of England.
(f) In Mrs. Jesmin is our favourite —.
(g) —, Sharmin was our guide.
(h) A — loves his country.
(i) A wife is faithful to her —.
(j) Cleopetra was the — of Egypt.
10. Fill in the blanks with appropriate gender given in the box.
milk-man, hunter, washerman, foster father, authoress, porter, songster, beggar, traitor, negro
(a) Jamir Ali is —. He washes clothes very nicely.
(b) Runa Laila is a famous —.
(c) Robi has no father. His — takes care of him.
(d) Rahim is a — of Kamalapur railway station.
(e) — prepares ghee, butter etc. from milk.
(f) Reya Begum is a —. She begs from door to door.
(g) Everybody loves a patriot and hates a —.
(h) The — of this book is Sofia Kamal.
(i) Uncle Tom was a — slave.
(j) My uncle is a —. Very often he goes to the Sunderbans for hunting.
11. Read the passage and change the genders of the underlined words.
Once I got an opportunity to visit national zoo with some (a) authors. Some (b) actors were also with us. My attention was drawn by the (c) stags. Then I saw a big (d) tiger in a cage. I felt very happy when I saw an Arabian (e) stallion. I became wondered seeing a very big (f) lion. It was the first time I saw a (g) pea-cock. I also saw (h) duck-rabbit, (i) buck and (j) cock Sparrow there.
12. Read the passage and change the genders of the underlined words.
My (a) sister is a (b) waitress in a hotel in Singapore. I went to visit (c) her with my (d) husband and (e) daughters. My (f) mother-in-law and two (g) sister-in-laws were with us. When we reached the the airport, we were looking for (h) porters but in vain. Anyhow we reached the hotel where we were welcomed by (i) my sister who introduced us to the (j) manager of the hotel.