Academic

Rules on Preposition

Abdullah

Definition: Preposition shows the time, space, location, direction or logical relationship between a noun or pronoun and other words in a sentence. Prepositions that usually stand in front of nouns show the relationship between a noun or a pronoun and some other word in the rest of the sentence.

 List of Prepositions: 

About (সম্পর্কে), Above (উপরে), Across (জুড়ে), After (পরে), Against (বিরুদ্ধে), Along (বরাবর), Among (মধ্যে), Around (প্রায়), At (প্রতি), Before (আগে), Behind (পেছন), Below (নিচে), Beside (পাশে), Between (মধ্যে), Beyond (বাহিরে), By (দ্বারা), Except (ছাড়া), For (জন্য), From (থেকে), In (মধ্যে), Like (মত), Near (কাছাকাছি), Of (এর), Off (দূরে/হইতে), On (উপর), Onto (সম্মুখের দিকে), Out of (বাহিরে), Outside (বাহিরে), Over (উপর), Regarding (বিষয়ে), Since (থেকে), Than (চেয়ে), Through (মাধ্যমে), Till (পর্যন্ত), To (প্রতি), Toward (দিকে), Towards (দিকে), Throughout (সর্বত্রব্যাপী), Under (নীচে), Underneath (অধীনে), Unlike (অসদৃশ), Until (যতক্ষণ না পর্যন্ত), Up (উপর), Upon (উপর), With (সঙ্গে), Within (মধ্যে), Without (ছাড়া)

 Look at the following chart

1. Place/position

at, about, above, across, against, among, before, behind, below, between, by, down, in, inside, of, on, over, under, upon, with, within, near

2. Time

at, after, before, by, during, from, for, in, on, since, till, until, within, throughout

3. Direction/movement

at , away, from, across, down, for, from, into, off, over, out of, round, to, towards, up

4. Agency/instrument

at, by, with, through, from

5. Reason/purpose

for, from, of, through, to, with

6. Possession

of, with

7.Standard/rate

/value/speed

at, by

8. Other

except, as/like, without, than, unlike

Classification of Preposition

Classification

Example

1. Simple Preposition

in, on, at, about, over, under, off, of, for, to etc.

2. Double Preposition

within (with+in), into (in+to) outside of, out of, from behind, from beneath

3. Compound Preposition

across=on+cross, behind=by+hind, without=with+out, within =with+in, inside=in+side, beneath=by+neath, outside=out+side, into=in+to, along = on+long, by+side=beside,  by+fore =before, by+tween=between, by+ yond =beyond, on+by+out=about,  etc.

4. Phrase Preposition

in front of, because of, by means of, with regard to, on behalf of, instead of, on account of, in opposition to, for the sake of etc.

5. participle Preposition

according, regarding, concerning, notwithstanding, pending, considering

6. Disguised Preposition

It is 10 O’ clock. (O’ = of), I go a hunting. (a = on), He was standing a side of her. (on=a),  She comes here once a/per week. (on =a/per)

Rules of Preposition

On

Usage

Example

days of the week/dates

on Monday, on the 14th June

attached

the picture on the wall

for a place with a river

London lies on the Thames.

being on a surface

on the table

for a certain side (left, right)

on the left

for a floor in a house

on the first floor

for public transport, TV, radio

on the bus/plane , on TV/ radio

walking or riding on horseback

on foot, on horseback

entering a public transport

get on the bus

to indicate a part of the body

on my shoulder/cheek/finger

to indicate the state of something

this store is on sale, on fire

 

In

big place

In Dhaka

picture, world

in the picture, in the world

months / seasons

in August / in winter

time of day

in the morning

year

in 2006

after a certain period of time

in an hour

entering a car/Taxi

get in the car

room, building, street, town, country

in the kitchen, in London

book, paper etc.

in the book

car, taxi

in the car, in a taxi

 

At

for night

at night

for weekend

at the weekend

a certain point of time

at half past nine

to indicate a place

at Mirpur, at the park, at the stadium

meaning next to, by an object

at the door, at the station

for table

at the table

for events

at a concert, at the party

places to do something typical

at the cinema, at school, at work

for age

She learned Russian at 45.

 

To

telling the time

ten to six (5:50)

movement to person or building

go to the cinema

movement to a place or country

go to London/ Ireland

for bed

go to bed

By

in the sense of at the latest

I will be back by 6 o’clock.

up to a certain time

By 11 o’clock, I read five pages.

who made it

a book by Mark Twain

rise or fall of something, travelling

prices risen by 10 percent by car, by bus

 

Over

covered by something else

put a jacket over your shirt

meaning more than

over 16 years of age

getting to the other side

walk over the bridge

overcoming an obstacle

climb over the wall

 

Above

who/ what does it belong to

a page of the book

what does it show

the picture of a palace

race

He comes of respectable family.

to

It is the car of my uncle.

instrument

The house is made of brick.

lack

He is devoid of courtesy.

cause

He died of heart attack.

Some confusing preposition

1. রাস্তার নামসহ বাসার নম্বরের আগে at ব্যবহূত হয় কিন্তু শুধু রাস্তার নাম বোঝালে  in ব্যবহূত হয়।

যেমন: We live at 89 Mirpur Road, Dhaka. They opened an office at 29 Central Road. We live in Mirpur Road, Dhaka. They have opened an office in Central Road.

2. বাড়ির সামনে বা পেছনে বোঝালে at বসে কিন্তু যান বাহনের সামনে বা পেছনে বোঝালে  in  ব্যবহূত হয়। 

যেমন: There is a garden at the front of our house and a pond at the back of our house. Please sit in the front of the car; don’t sit in the back.

3. শুধু রাত বোঝালে at ব্যবহূত হয়। কিন্তু গভীর রাত বোঝালে  in ব্যবহূত হয়।

যেমন: We work by day but sleep at night. I woke up in the night.

4. স্থায়ী কোনো কাজের সঙ্গে যুক্ত থাকা বোঝাতে at এবং স্থায়ী কোনো কাজের সঙ্গে যুক্ত  থাকা বোঝাতে in ব্যবহূত হয়।

যেমন: They are at work now. Boys are at play now. He is in army. She is in politics.

5. খামার বোঝালে on এবং কারখানা বোঝালে তার  আগে  in  ব্যবহূত হয়।

যেমন: He works on a farm; but his brother works in a factory.

6. হাতল বিহীন চেয়ার বোঝালে on এবং হাতল বিশিষ্ট চেয়ার হলে তার আগে in ব্যবহূত 

হয়।

যেমন: Don’t sit on that chair, it is broken. Please sit in this armchair, Comilla stands on the Dhaka- Chittagong Highway. We live in Rankin Street in Dhaka.

7. ঘরের কোণ বোঝালে in বসে কিন্তু রাস্তার কোণ  বোঝালে on/at ব্যবহূত হয়। 

যেমন: There is a television in the corner of our drawing room. There is a tea-stall at / on the corner of the street.

8. তাপমাত্রা ও উচ্চতার ক্ষেত্রে above ব্যবহূত হয়। আবার বয়স বোঝালে over ব্যবহূত হয়।

যেমন: The temperature is three degree above zero.The summit of Everest is about 8000 metres above the sea level. My grandfather is now over eighty. She has been here over two hours.

9.নদী, সীমানা, রাস্তা, ইত্যাদি অন্য পাশে বোঝাতে across/ over ব্যবহূত হয়।

যেমন: It is just across/over the border. It was coming towards me across/ over the bridge.

10. নির্দিষ্ট সময়ে শুরু বোঝালে Since বসে কিন্তু সময়ের  সমষ্টি বোঝালে  for বসে। since ব্যবহূত হয় শুধু Perfect Tense-এর ক্ষেত্রে। কিন্তু from ব্যবহৃত হয় সব Tense-এর ক্ষেত্রে। 

He has been there since Friday last. I will be at home from tomorrow. I haven’t seen you for a long time. I haven’t seen you since September. I Just want to sit down for five minutes. I have known her since January, 1980. He has been here since Friday last. I have been waiting here since 6 o’clock. I was waiting here from 6 o’clock. He was fond of music from his childhood.

Exercises on Preposition

1. He came–7 o’clock. 2. He will start–the lunch. 3. They came–Monday. 4. Mehenaj will return–dinner. 5. It has been raining–a week. 6. It has been raining–Monday. 7. He will come–7 o’clock. 8. Rifa will come–8 o’ clock. 9. Kamrul is–home. 10. I am–my class. 11. He has no roof–his head. 12. There is an umbrella–my head. 13. There is a cap–his head. 14. The thief stood–the judge. 15. He is sitting–a tree. 16. He stood–the station. 17. A beggar is standing–the door. 18. He is above me—rank. 19. He climbed–a tree. 20. He is going–school. 21. He fired–the enemy. 22. He is kind–the poor. 23. There is unity–the boys. 24. There is a village–the hills. 25. There is friendship–Kamal and Jamil. 26. Switzerland lies–France and Germany. 27. He is going–market. 28. She was going to hospital–treatment. 29. They are coming–school. 30. I had a phone call–my cousin. 31. Translate–English. 32. Love turned–hatred. 33. Ice melts–water. 34. Speak clearly–the microphone. 35. He bought a pen–Mohan. 36. He has started–Chittagong. 37. He died–his country. 38. He lives–others. 39. It is a poem–Nazrul. 40. This road runs–Dhaka to Sylhet. 41. I borrowed a book–the library. 42. Leaves are falling–the tree. 43. He is–duty now. 44. He is away–home. 45. The dog jumped–the chair. 46. This chair is made–wood. 47. Steel is made–iron. 48. We make butter–milk. 49. He came here–car. 50. This play was written–Minhaj. 51. He speaks–English. 52. The house was destroyed–fire. 53. We see–our eyes. 54. We can’t see–eyes. 55. My uncle died–cholera. 56. He died –loss of blood. 57. He is trembling–fear. 58. He will suffer–his bad habits. 59. Rice sells–taka 25 a kilo. 60. It is ten–my watch. 61. She is rather tall–her age. 62. She is good at figure. 63. My mother is good–cooking. 64. He is clever–games. 65. I played–my friends. 66. He came–his umbrella. 67. I stand–my friend. 68. He is–the judgment. 69. I am reading a book–English grammar. 70. I told him–my school. 71. Write a paragraph–your school. 72. He is careless–his health. 73. Rihat came home–nine o’clock. 74. The birds start chirping–dawn. 75. I usually get up–6 o’clock. 76. He goes to school–10 am. 77. I could not sleep–midnight. 78. He will come–8:30 pm. 79. I will see you–the end of January. 80. My father will go to London–the beginning of March. 81. Please phone me–lunch time. 82. He will come there–dinner time. 83. He lives–Dhanmondi. 84. I arrived–Kamalapur station–7 o’clock. 85. He waited–the bus stop for over twenty minutes. 86. There were many people–the party. 87. The principal delivered his speech–the meeting. 88. He met Rahat–the concert. 89. He was shocked–his father’s sudden death. 90. He was upset–his failure in the examination. 91. I was delighted–my son’s success. 92. He was alarmed–the news. 93. Rima is good–Mathematics. 94. Lotus is good–typing. 95. He left school–the age of 15. 96. Rice sells–taka 30 a kilo. 97. I was born–March. 98. Our house was built–the 19th century. 99. He learnt driving–three months. 100. He will leave–home in a few hours.


Answer:

1. He came at 7 o’clock. 2. He will start after the lunch. 3. They came on Monday. 4. Mehenaj will return after dinner. 5. It has been raining for a week. 6. It has been raining since Monday. 7. He will come at 7 o’clock. 8. Rifa will come at 8 o’clock. 9. Kamrul is at home. 10. I am in my class. 11. He has no roof over his head. 12. There is an umbrella over my head. 13. There is a cap on his head. 14. The thief stood before the judge. 15. He is sitting under a tree. 16. He stood at the station. 17. A beggar is standing at the door. 18. He is above me in rank. 19. He climbed up a tree. 20. He is going to school. 21. He fired at the enemy. 22. He is kind to the poor. 23. There is unity among the boys. 24. There is a village among the hills. 25. There is friendship between Kamal and Jamil. 26. Switzerland lies between France and Germany. 27. He is going to market. 28. She was going to hospital for treatment. 29. They are coming from school. 30. I had a phone call from my cousin. 31. Translate into English. 32. Love turned into hatred. 33. Ice melts into water. 34. Speak clearly into the microphone. 35. He bought a pen from Mohan. 36. He has started for Chittagong. 37. He died for his country. 38. He lives for others. 39. It is a poem by Nazrul. 40. This road runs from Dhaka to Sylhet. 41. I borrowed a book from the library. 42. Leaves are falling from the tree. 43. He is on duty now. 44. He is away from home. 45. The dog jumped over the chair. 46. This chair is made of wood. 47. Steel is made from iron. 48. We make butter from milk. 49. He came here by car. 50. This play was written by Minhaj. 51. He speaks in English. 52. The house was destroyed by fire. 53. We see with our eyes. 54. We can’t see without eyes. 55. My uncle died of cholera. 56. He died from loss of blood. 57. He is trembling with fear. 58. He will suffer from his bad habits. 59. Rice sells at taka 25 a kilo. 60. It is ten by my watch. 61. She is rather tall for her age. 62. She is good at figures. 63. My mother is good at cooking. 64. He is clever at games. 65. I played with my friends. 66. He came with his umbrella. 67. I stand by my friend. 68. He is under the judgment. 69. I am reading a book on English grammar. 70. I told him about my school. 71. Write a paragraph on your school. 72. He is careless about his health. 73. Rihat came home at nine o’clock. 74. The birds start chirping at dawn. 75. I usually get up at 6 o’clock. 76. He goes to school at 10 am. 77. I could not sleep till midnight. 78. He will come at 8:30 pm. 79. I will see you at the end of January. 80. My father will go to London at the beginning of March. 81. Please phone me at lunchtime. 82. He will come there at dinnertime. 83. He lives in Dhanmondi. 84. I arrived at Kamalapur station at 7 o’clock. 85. He waited at the bus stop for over twenty minutes. 86. There were many people at the party. 87. The principal delivered his speech at the meeting. 88. He met Rahat at the concert. 89. He was shocked at his father’s sudden death. 90. He was upset at his failure in the examination. 91. I was delighted at my son’s success. 92. He was alarmed at the news. 93. Rima is good at Mathematics. 94. Lotus is good at typing. 95. He left school at the age of 15. 96. Rice sells at taka 30 a kilo. 97. I was born in March. 98. Our house was built in the 19th century. 99. He learnt driving in three months. 100. He will leave for home in a few hours.

Adverb

Abdullah

Definition: An adverb is a part of speech that modifies or describes a verb, an adjective, or another adverb. It provides additional information about how, when, where, to what extent, or under what condition an action is performed. Adverbs often end in -ly, but not always.

Adverb = Adjective+ly

Adverb Modifying Example
extremely adjective The water was extremely cold.
quite adjective The movie is quite interesting.
just verb He was just leaving.
almost verb She has almost finished.
very adverb She is running very fast.
too adverb You are walking too slowly.
enough adverb You are running fast enough.

There are three kinds of adverbs – Simple, Interrogative and Relative. The vast majority of adverbs belong to Simple Adverbs

Kinds

Description

Example

Adverb 

of time

answer the question

“When/How long/

How often”

now, then, soon, tomorrow, yesterday, today, tonight, again, early, yesterday,  never, lately, just, always, recently, during, yet, sometimes, usually, so far

Adverb 

of place

answer the

question “Where”

somewhere, here, there, near, somewhere, outside, ahead, on the top, at some place, inside, upstairs, nowhere, abroad, out, in, above, below, everywhere, up, down, etc.

Adverbs

of manner

answer the

question “How”

loudly, slowly, correctly, fast, easily, carefully, neatly, quickly, sadly, calmly, politely, kindly, lazily, beautifully, undoubtedly, surprisingly, admiringly,

Adverb 

of frequency

how often the

verb occurs

daily, sometimes, often, seldom, usually, frequently, always, ever, generally, rarely, monthly, yearly, never, hardly normally, twice, weekly. occasionally again

Adverbs of degree/

quantity

answer the question

“To what degree

or extent”

Negative: not, little, scarcely, hardly, etc.Slight degree: a little slightly, somewhat, rather
Great degree: much, very, far, greatly, extremely, etc.
Excessive degree: exceedingly, too, too much, etc.
Completeness: quite, wholly, entirely, thoroughly, etc.
Sufficiency: enough, exactly
Deficiency: almost, nearly, partly
Limitation: only, simply, but

Adverb of Number

show number of

action of the verb

firstly, secondly, once, yearly, never, twice, lastly, etc.

Adverb of Cause and Effect

answer the question,

purpose and result

because, as, as long as, therefore, hence, thus, consequently, so, since

Interrogative Adverb

used for asking

questions

when, why, where, how long, how early, how soon etc.

Relative

Adverb

introduces an 

adjective clause

where, when, and why

Identify adverb from the following sentences.

She always arrives early. He drives carefully. They go everywhere together. She eats slowly. It is terribly hot. She was walking rapidly. The kids love playing together in the sandbox. Please come inside now. His jokes are always very funny. You don’t really care, do you? Jenny ran fast. Let’s go to the party afterwards. Urmi was very sleepy. Go to bed now. This pie is surprisingly good. Please try harder. Marie is always on time. Yesterday, we learned about multiplication. I like to eat ice cream sometimes. Please walk across the street. He swims well. He ran quickly. She spoke softly. James coughed loudly to attract her attention. He plays the flute beautifully. He ate the chocolate cake greedily. He gave us the money generously. She sometimes helps us. He speaks very slowly. She arrived today. Let’s go outside. We ran yesterday. He ran here. He ran barefoot. He ran yesterday. He looked around. I searched it everywhere. I’m going back to school. They built a house nearby. She took the child outside. Here comes the bus. There goes the bell. There it is. Here they are. The child went indoors. He lived and worked abroad. Water always flows downhill. The wind pushed us sideways. She likes me. So far, we have found twelve grammar mistakes. I haven’t been going to the gym lately. We recently bought a new car. The young soldier folded his clothes neatly in a pile at the end of his bunk. I politely opened the door for my grandmother as she stepped out of the car. A fat orange and white cat rested lazily on the sofa. Can I come to the movies too? Aren’t you hungry? You’ve hardly touched your dinner. I’m so excited to see the new James Bond movie! He collapsed and died yesterday. His factory was burned down a few months ago. Last week, we were stuck in the lift for an hour. I rarely eat fast food these days. Tom usually takes his dog for a walk before breakfast. They always go to the same restaurant every Friday. We can stop here for lunch. The schoolboy was knocked over by a school bus. They rushed for their lives when fire broke out in the floor below. The brothers were badly injured in the fight. They had to act fast to save the others floating in the water. At the advanced age of 88, she still sang very well. It was too dark for us to find our way out of the cave. The referee had to stop the match when it began to rain really heavily.  Her daughter is quite fat for her age. The accident victim nearly died from his injuries. After all these years, she is still feeling very sad about her father’s death. They were almost fifty when they got married. He hardly ever say something nice to his wife. While overseas, he frequently phoned home. She is not nearly always right although she thinks she is always right. He complained that she never smiled back. We only write to each other very occasionally. Peter seldom reads the Bible. Sometimes he stays late in the office to complete his work. Consequently he denied to come to the party. I eat food twice a day. He saw me once. Krishna was hence neglected by the teachers. She thus opened the door applying little visible force. He, therefore, does not want to talk to me. The teacher is ill and therefore is unable to come to school. Our cat was bitten twice by the same dog. The man usually proposes marriage  We are late. She died two years ago. I wrote to him yesterday. Have you seen him before? May I leave now? I will soon return. He will come tomorrow. I have warned him already. I haven’t read anything lately. We have been living here for several years. I searched for him everywhere. They went upstairs. May I come in? She came forward. I decided to go there. You are always welcome. I have gone there only once. We visit them frequently. I often go there. I have seen him only once. Secondly, I can’t afford to buy it. The soldiers fought bravely. Walk carefully. I was terribly upset. He is seriously ill. She was pleasantly surprised. She can speak English well. He is quite strong. She is very beautiful. I am fully prepared. My work is almost finished. This is good enough. You are absolutely right. He is entirely wrong. He was rather busy. He did not work hard, therefore, he failed. Consequently he refused to come. I was not working hard, therefore, I failed.

Adjective

Abdullah

Definition: Adjectives describe, or modify, nouns and pronouns. An adjective gives information about the colour, size, characteristic, quality, quantity or personal traits of a noun or pronoun. Generally an adjective modifies a noun by answering one of these following questions:

Which? What kind? How many?

Example:

The one-eyed man tells him the story. (Answer the question ‘Which man?’)

Fox is a cunning animal. (Answer the question ‘What kind of animal?’)

Five or six gunmen attack the area. (Answer the question ‘How many gunmen?’)

Classification: There are five kinds of adjective as follow.

1. Adjective of Quality quality tall, good, beautiful honest, kind, large, bulky, thin, fat, smart, ugly etc.
2. Adjective of  Quantity quantity some, any, much, few, little, enough, all, many, half, no, great, etc.
3. Numeral Adjective number of noun first, second, one, two, three, every, each, another, many, some, any, few, all, several, neither, either
4. Demonstrative Adjective point out the noun this, these, that, such, and those
5. Interrogative Adjective ask a question where, what, which, whose
6. Possessive Adjective belongs to someone my, your, our, their, his, her and its

Classification of Adjectives

Adjectives can be classified into various categories based on their functions and meanings. Here are the main types of adjectives:

1. Descriptive (Qualitative) Adjectives

These adjectives describe the qualities or characteristics of a noun or pronoun. They answer questions like “What kind?” or “What is it like?”

Examples:

The beautiful garden is filled with flowers. (Beautiful describes the garden)

He wore a blue jacket. (Blue describes the color of the jacket)

Common Descriptive Adjectives:

Tall, small, bright, intelligent, strong, delicious, happy, sad.

2. Quantitative Adjectives

These adjectives indicate the quantity or amount of a noun. They answer the question “How much?” or “How many?”

Examples:

I have two pens. (Two indicates the number of pens)

She has little time to finish the task. (Little indicates the amount of time)

Common Quantitative Adjectives:

Few, many, much, several, all, some, no, one, ten.

3. Demonstrative Adjectives

Demonstrative adjectives point out specific nouns. They answer the question “Which one?”

Examples:

This book is mine. (This specifies which book)

Those apples look fresh. (Those specifies which apples)

Common Demonstrative Adjectives:

This, that, these, those.

4. Possessive Adjectives

Possessive adjectives show ownership or possession. They answer the question “Whose?”

Examples:

This is my laptop. (My shows possession of the laptop)

Their house is huge. (Their shows possession of the house)

Common Possessive Adjectives:

My, your, his, her, its, our, their.

5. Interrogative Adjectives

Interrogative adjectives are used to ask questions about a noun. They are placed before a noun in a question.

Examples:

Which movie are we watching? (Which asks about a specific movie)

What time is the meeting? (What asks about a specific time)

Common Interrogative Adjectives:

What, which, whose.

6. Indefinite Adjectives

Indefinite adjectives refer to non-specific amounts or quantities. They do not specify exact amounts.

Examples:

Several students participated in the event. (Several gives an indefinite quantity of students)

Do you have any questions? (Any refers to an indefinite quantity)

Common Indefinite Adjectives:

Some, many, few, several, all, any, each.

7. Proper Adjectives

Proper adjectives are derived from proper nouns and are always capitalized. They describe a noun by relating it to a specific person, place, or thing.

Examples:

She loves Italian food. (Italian is derived from the proper noun Italy)

I bought a Shakespearean novel. (Shakespearean is derived from Shakespeare)

Common Proper Adjectives:

American, Indian, Victorian, African, Shakespearean.

8. Numerical Adjectives

Numerical adjectives express numbers or the order of things. They are of two types: Cardinal and Ordinal adjectives.

Cardinal Adjectives indicate how many.

He has three dogs. (Three indicates the number of dogs)

Ordinal Adjectives indicate the order or position.

This is my second attempt. (Second indicates the position of the attempt)

9. Distributive Adjectives

Distributive adjectives refer to individual elements within a group, addressing each member separately.

Examples:

Each student must submit their homework. (Each refers to every individual student)

Every book on the shelf is new. (Every refers to all books individually)

Common Distributive Adjectives:

Each, every, either, neither.

10. Comparative and Superlative Adjectives

These adjectives are used to compare two or more things.

Comparative Adjectives compare two things and often end in “-er” or are used with “more.”

She is taller than her brother. (Taller compares two people)

Superlative Adjectives compare three or more things and often end in “-est” or are used with “most.”

This is the tallest building in the city. (Tallest compares more than two buildings)

Examples of Comparative and Superlative Adjectives:

Tall, taller, tallest

Good, better, best

Beautiful, more beautiful, most beautiful

Conclusion

Adjectives are essential parts of speech that enrich language by providing more detail and clarity to nouns and pronouns. Understanding the different types of adjectives and their functions allows us to use them effectively to describe and emphasize various aspects of the subjects we discuss.

 

 

Identify Adjectives

The warm days are here. The longest days come in June. Three feet make one yard. Seven days make one week. This boy will do your errand. Those books belong to Mary. That man is honest. He has eaten three apples. I don’t have much money. There is so much wine for the guests. This long, thin centipede has many legs. I spent my afternoon cleaning the toilet. This must be your cap. His arms have a few tattoos. Its skin is dry and rough. Our grandmothers were classmates. Ety is witty. They live in a beautiful house. Lisa is wearing a sleeveless shirt today. I used to buy this kind of shirts. The water was clean. The sun is high in the sky. This soup is not edible. She wore a beautiful dress. He writes meaningless letters. This shop is much nicer. She wore a beautiful dress. Ben is an adorable baby. Linda’s hair is gorgeous. This glass is breakable. I met a homeless person. She is tired. The cafeteria was attractive. Maria was tried after the long flight. Whales are larger than sharks. They are amazing. The walkway was small. Dad had a bald head. No one liked the cold pizza. The hot water boiled. Stay in the big area. Watch out, the table is heavy! It was dry in the desert. These skates are Frank’s. He had little love for work. There was much work to be done. Some people remember favors. Any man is liable to make mistakes. No word came from the steamer. Please make more haste. The less talk the more work. He opened the book at the sixth chapter, the tenth paragraph, the one hundred and eighth page. The American, French, and English ambassadors are safe. Children like sweet apples. She has an amiable disposition. It is a beauteous evening, calm and clear. He paid two hundred dollars for the horse.  Sixteen ounces make a pound. Any man here can do a little work. He occupies the fourth seat in the seventh row. Yonder elm was planted by my grandfather. This house is older than yours. What book do you prefer? Which boy came late? He knew what value to place upon promises. It was easy to see which boy led his class. She saw the door was open.

Some rules of interchanging degrees

1. By using more and most

Positive

Comparative

Superlative

Useful

More useful

Most useful

Intelligent

More Intelligent

Most Intelligent

Attentive

More attentive

Most attentive

Difficult

More difficult

Most difficult

courageous

more courageous

most courageous

cunning

more cunning

most cunning

famous

more famous

most famous

faithful

more faithful

most faithful

caring

more/less caring

most/least caring

gifted

more/less gifted

most/least gifted

active

more active

most active

attractive

more attractive

most attractive

beautiful

more beautiful

most beautiful

brilliant

more brilliant

most brilliant

careful

more careful

most careful

splendid

more splendid

most splendid

proper

more proper

most proper

popular

more popular

most popular

amazing

More amazing

most amazing

terrible

More terrible

most terrible

2. By adding ‘er’ and ‘est’

Positive

Comparative

Superlative

Black

Blacker

Blackest

Fair

Fairer

Fairest

Clever

Cleverer

Cleverest

Poor

Poorer

Poorest

great

greater

greatest

high

higher

highest

kind

kinder

kindest

long

longer

longest

small

smaller

smallest

rich

richer

richest

bright

brighter

brightest

strong

stronger

strongest

bold

bolder

boldest

young

younger

youngest

cold

colder

coldest

fast

faster

fastest

sweet

sweeter

sweetest

tall

taller

tallest

weak

weaker

weakest

thick

thicker

thickest

3. By adding ‘r’ and ‘st’

Positive

Comparative

Superlative

brave

braver

bravest

fine

finer

finest

large

larger

largest

nice

nicer

nicest

noble

nobler

noblest

pale

paler

palest

simple

simpler

simplest

wise

wiser

wisest

white

whiter

whitest

4. By doubling the final consonats

Positive

Comparative

Superlative

big

bigger

biggest

dim

dimmer

dimmest

fat

fatter

fattest

sad

sadder

saddest

hot

hotter

hottest

thin

thinner

thinnest

Wet

Wetter

Wettest

slim

slimmer

slimmest

5. By deleting the final ‘y’ and adding ‘ier’ and ‘iest’

Positive

Comparative

Superlative

costly

costlier

costliest

dry

drier

driest

easy

easier

easiest

happy

happier

happiest

heavy

heavier

heaviest

chewy

chewier

chewiest

Prettier

Prettier

Prettiest

Busy

Busier

Busiest

lazy

lasier

lasiest

mercy

mercier

merciest

wealthy

wealthier

wealthiest

6. Exceptional

Positive

Comparative

Superlative

Good/well

Better

Best

Bad/evil/ill

Worse

Worst

Much/Many

More

Most

Little

Less

Least

Late

later/latter

Latest/last

Old 

Older/elder

Oldest/eldest

near

nearer

nearest

hind

hinder

hindermost

Out

Outer/utter 

Utmost/utter most

Far

Farther

Farthest

Fore

Former

Foremost/first

Fore

Further

Furthest

In

Inner

Inmost/inner most

Up

Upper

Upmost/uppermost

fun

more/less fun

most/least fun

nigh

nigher

Nighest/ next

There are also some adjectives that can be inflected using either form we looked at above. The following are some of the most common:

Adjective

 (positive degree)

Comparative degree

Superlative degree

clever

cleverer or more/less clever

cleverest or most/least clever

likely

likelier or more/less likely

likeliest or most/least likely

narrow

narrower or more/less narrow

narrowest or most/least narrow

quiet

quieter or more/less quiet

quietest or most/least quiet

simple

simpler or more/less simple

simplest or most/least simple

 

1. Turn the following superlative into comparative and positive:

bravest, driest, thinnest, most attractive, most important, best, fastest, quickest, truest, finest, hardest, deepest, coldest, gentlest, least interesting, wisest, ugliest, worst, dullest, utmost, greatest, eldest, blackest, cheapest, fairest

2. Fill in the blank with the right form of degree in the brackets.

(a) There is no other story as — (funny/funnier/funniest) as this.

(b) Bangladesh is — (populous/more populous/most populous) than any other country.

(c) He is — (sincere/more sincere/most sincere) than his brother.

(d) This is the — (foggy/foggier/foggiest) day in the year.

(e) Jacocabath is the (warm/warmer/warmest) place in the world.

(f) Hanif is — (old/older/oldest) than any other player in the team.

(g)City life is not as — (quiet/quieter/quietest) as village life.

(h) Mahbub is the — (wise/wiser/wisest) boy in the class.

(i)No other gift is as — (fine/finer/finest) as this.

(j)Starvation is — (honourable/more honourable/most honourable) than begging.

3. Fill in the blank with the right form of degree in the brackets.

(a) Kamal does not get as — (high/higher/highest) marks as Jamal.

(b) This milk is — (fresh/fresher/freshest) than that.

(c) He is — (friendly/more friendly/most friendly) to me than to you.

(d) Iron is not as — (light/lighter/lightest) as cotton.

(e) You seem — (sleepy/sleepier/sleepiest) than he.

(f)You are the — (lazy/lazier/laziest) boy I have ever seen.

(g) I do not feel as — (free/freer/freest) as you.

(h) The old man is the — (hungry/hungrier/hungriest) of all men.

(i)His hair is — (grey/greyer/greyest) than yours.

(j)Shahin is not — (bold/bolder/boldest) than Shabuj.

4. Fill in the blank with the right form of degree in the brackets.

(a) Shoheb is — (smart/smarter/smartest) than Sakib.

(b)Travelling is pleasant/more pleasant/most pleasant) than many other things.

(c)This is the — (fancy/fancier/fanciest) dress in the shop.

(d) Trees are the — (good/better/best friend to us.

(e) Nipa is not as — (dull/duller/dullest) as Rita.

(f) He is the — (brave/braver/bravest) man.

(g)A crow is — (ugly/uglier/ugliest) than a dove.

(h)The Cuckoo sings — (sweet/sweeter/sweetest) than most other birds.

(i)I love my country — (much/more/most) than anything else.

(j)I do not know any person as — (humble/humbler/humblest) as he.

5. Fill in the blank with the right form of degree in the brackets.

(a) Very few persons are as — (sad/sadder/saddest) as he.

(b) He is — (gentle/gentler/gentlest) than any other person in the village.

(c) I did not see anything as — (black/blacker/blackest) as this.

(d) Dishonour is not as — (preferable/more preferable/most preferable) as death.

(e) The Meghna is — (deep/deeper/deepest) than any other river in Bangladesh.

(f) This pen is as — (new/newer/newest) as that.

(g)Grapes are the — (tasty/tastier/tastiest) of all fruits.

(h) Anwar is — (young/younger/youngest) than Akmal.

(i) No other person is as — (wealthy/wealthier/wealthiest) as he.

(j) There is no other person as — (healthy/healthier/healthiest) as he.

6. Fill in the blank with the right form of degree in the brackets.

(a) Liza is the — (proud/prouder/proudest) of all girls.

(b) No other road is as — (muddy/muddier/muddiest) as this.

(c) English is — (rich/richer/richest) than any other language.

(d) The cow is — (useful/more useful/most useful) than any other animal.

(e) No other person is as — (hot/hotter/hottest) as he to do this job.

(f) He is — (near/nearer/nearest) to us than anybody else.

(g) He is the — (active/more active/most active) person.

(h) Milk is — (nutritious/more nutritious/ most nutritious) than any other food.

(i) These fruits are not as — (fresh/fresher/freshest) as those.

(j) This is — (good/better/best) than all other story books.

7. Fill in the blank with the right form of degree in the brackets.

(a) No other girl is as — (pretty/prettier/prettiest) as she.

(b) Gold is the — costly/costlier/costliest) of all metals.

(e) Your handwriting is — (clumsy/clumsier/clumsiest) than hers.

(d) I have not seen any person as — (cruel/crueler/cruelest) as he.

(e)Your hands are not as big/bigger/biggest) as hers.

(f)The Ramadan is the — (holy/holier/holiest) month for the Muslims.

(g)This ghee is — (pure/purer/purest) than that.

(h) Bangladesh is (green/greener/greenest) than many other countries.

(i) Very few persons are as — (greedy/greedier/greediest) as he.

(j) You seem — (gloomy/gloomier/gloomiest) than before.

8. Fill in the blank with the right form of degree in the brackets.

(a) Liton is the — (handsome/more handsome/ most handsome) boy in the school.

(b) His room is — (tidy/tidier/tidiest) than yours.

(c) The security of the airport was tight/tighter/tightest) than before.

(d) Sumi’s hair is — (curly/curlier/curliest) than Suma’s.

(e)His manner is — (calm/calmer/calmest) than any other person.

(f)Rina’s knowledge in English is not as — (sound/sounder/soundest) as Nasrin.

(g)This is the — (interesting/more interesting/most interesting) matter.

(h) She is — (happy/happier/happiest) than he.

(i) Honesty is — (much/more/most) than anything else.

(j) He is the — (thin/thinner/thinnest) boy in class.

9. Fill in the blank with the right form of degree in the brackets.

(a) The Padma is the — (large/larger/largest) river in Bangladesh.

(b) Gold is — (precious/more precious/most precious) than iron.

(c) No other girl is as — (pretty/prettier/prettiest) as Rani.

(d) January is — (cold/colder/coldest) than December.

(e) Anis is — (happy/happier/happiest) than you.

(f)He is one of the — (good/better/best) boys in the class.

(g) English is — (rich/richer/richest) than any other language.

(h) He is — (noble/nobler/noblest) than any other person I have ever met.

(i)A bird cannot sy as — (last/faster/fastest) as a plane.

(j) Dhaka is the — (big/bigger/biggest) city in Bangladesh

10. Fill in the blank with the right form of degree in the brackets.

(a) Very few metals are as — (precious) as gold.

(b) Chattogram is the — (big) port in Bangladesh.

(c) He is — (old) than any other man in the village.

(d) Tomatoes are — (cheap) than oranges.

(e) A bird does not run as — (fast) as a train.

(f) Jamil is the — (wise) man in the village.

(g) Mr. Jabbar is the popular) teacher in our school.

(h) She is — (beautiful) than her sister.

(i) Very few boys are as — (brave) as he.

(j) Bhutan is one of the — (small) countries in the world.

11. Fill in the blank with the right form of degree in the brackets.

(a) There is no other fruit as — (cheapest) as pine apple.

(b) It runs the — (fast) of all horses.

(c) Ibrahim is — (wise) than Raju.

(d) There is no other place as — (loneliest) as this.

(e) It is the — (famous) school in the town.

(f) He is — (wealthiest) than his brother.

(g)Very few persons are as — (politest) as his brother.

(h) Our English teacher is — (humble) than any other teacher in the school.

(i) This is the — (safe) place.

(j) I arrived — (early) than you.

12. Fill in the blank with the right form of degree in the brackets.

(a) Omar is the — (elder) son in the family.

(b) No other person is as — (braver) as he.

(c) She is — (proud) than her sister.

(d) His way of life is — (simple) than all other persons in the village.

(e) Imran is the — (talented) of all students.

(f) 21st February is — (memorable) than any other day.

(g) This is the — (happy) day in my life.

(h) No other day is as — (mistier) as today.

(i) This is the — (easy) way.

(j) Very few days are as — (colder) as today.

13. Fill in the blank with the right form of degree in the brackets.

(a) This is the — (wide) road in the city.

(b) Very few roads are as — (narrowest) as this road.

(c) You are the — (weak) student in the school.

(d) This tree is — (tall) than that.

(e) You are not as — (slower) as he.

(f) This knife is — (sharp) than that one.

(g) Bangladesh is one of the — (fertile) lands in the world.

(h) Nothing passes as — (quickliest) as time.

(i) The climate of Rajshahi is not — (healthful) than that of Cox’s Bazar.

(j) Your horse is not — (well) trained than this.

14. Fill in the blank with the right form of degree in the brackets.

(a) This is the — (large) mosque.

(b) The pen is — (might) than the sword.

(c) Akbar was — (powerful) than any other kings in India.

(d) This place is — (clean) than that one.

(e) This is the — (dirty) place in the city.

(f) Very few places are as — (noisiest) as this place.

(g) He draws the — (low) salary in the office.

(h) They live in the — (remote) corner of the country.

(i) He is one of my — (close) friends.

(j) Cotton is — (soft) than many other fibres.

15. Fill in the blank with the right form of degree in the brackets.

(a) Aziz is the — (sincere) student in our school.

(b) Very few scenes are as — (loveliest) as this.

(c) Autumn in Bangladesh is not — (warm) than summer.

(d) A journey by boat gives me the — (great) pleasure.

(e) Swimming is — (good) than any other exercise.

(f) This story is — (funny) than any other story.

(g)The days in the winter are — (foggy) than those of other seasons.

(h) This road is — (muddy) than that.

(i) Bangladesh is the — (populous) country in the world.

(j) Very few persons in the village are as — (poorest) as he.

Pronoun and Pronoun References

Abdullah

Pronoun Reference

Definition: Pronouns take the place of nouns.

Classification of Pronoun with list

Pronoun

Example

1. Personal

I, you, he, she, it, they, we, her, him, it, me, them, us, and you, hers, his, its, mine, ours, theirs, yours

2. Demonstrative

this, that, these, those, such, ones

3. Interrogative

who, what, which, whose, whoever, whomever, whatever, whom

4. Relative

who, which, that, whom, what, whose

5. Indefinite

everybody, everyone, anybody, anyone, somebody, someone, nobody, no one, none, one, nothing, everything, anything, something, both, few, many, several, some, all, another, any

6. Reflexive and Emphatic

herself, himself, itself, myself, ourselves, yourself, themselves, yourselves

7. Reciprocal

each other, one another

8. Distributive

each, either, neither, every

 Personal Pronoun

Person

Number

Nomin

ative

Posse

ssive

Objec

tive

Reflexive

First

Singular

I

My, mine

Me

Myself

Plural

We

Our, ours

Us

Ourselves

Second

Singular

You

Your, yours

You

Yourself

Plural

You

Your, yours

You

Yourselves

Third

Singular

He

His

Him

Himself

Singular

She

Her, hers

Her

Herself

Singular

It

Its

It

Itself

Plural

They

Their, theirs

Them

Themselves

 1.  Identify the unclear pronoun references in the following paragraph. Where necessary, rewrite the sentence so that all pronoun references are clear.     1×5 = 5

In a village there lived a poor old woman, who had gathered together a dish of beans and wanted to cook it. So, she made a fire, and to burn quicker, she lighted it with a handful of straw. When she was emptying the beans into the pan, one dropped without she observing it, and lay on the ground beside a straw. Soon afterwards a burning coal sprang from the fire, and they leapt down to the two. The coal said, “I fortunately sprang out of it, and if I had not escaped, my death would have been certain, I should have been burnt to ashes.”

Answer: In a village, there lived a poor old woman who had gathered a dish of beans and wanted to cook them. So, she made a fire, and to make it burn quicker, she lighted the fire with a handful of straw. When she was emptying the beans into the pan, one dropped without her observing it and lay on the ground beside a piece of straw. Soon afterwards, a burning coal sprang from the fire, and it leapt down to the two. The coal said, “I fortunately sprang out of the fire, and if I had not escaped, my death would have been certain; I would have been burnt to ashes.”

Unclear Pronoun References and Fixes:              

a. “it” → Changed to “them” (Clarifies that the beans are being referred to).

b. “she lighted it” → Changed to “she lighted the fire” (Clarifies what “it” refers to).

c. “without she observing it” → Changed to “without her observing it” (Corrects the reflexive pronoun).

d. “beside a straw” → Changed to “beside a piece of straw” (Clarifies the noun).

e. “they leapt down to the two” → Changed to “it leapt down to the two” (Clarifies that the coal is singular).

Identify the unclear pronoun references in the following paragraphs. Where necessary, rewrite the sentences so that all pronoun references are clear.

1. There are varieties of flowers in their country. Among those the rose is the loveliest of all. It is noted for her beauty and sweet fragrance. Many people see that in their gardens, The roses are of different colours such as red, white, pink etc. Among them the red rose is the most beautiful and attractive to her. When they bloom in the garden, the garden assumes a charming appearance.

Answer: There are varieties of flowers in this country. Among those, the rose is the loveliest of all. It is noted for its beauty and sweet fragrance. Many people grow roses in their gardens. The roses are of different colors such as red, white, and pink. Among them, the red rose is the most beautiful and attractive. When roses bloom in the garden, the garden assumes a charming appearance.

Here are the unclear pronoun references and their fixes:

a. “There are varieties of flowers in their country.”

Issue: “Their” is unclear because no specific group of people has been mentioned.

Revised: “There are varieties of flowers in this country.”

b. “It is noted for her beauty and sweet fragrance.”

Issue: “It” refers to the rose, but “her” is incorrect for an object; “its” should be used.

Revised: “It is noted for its beauty and sweet fragrance.”

c. “Many people see that in their gardens.”

Issue: “That” is unclear and should be replaced with “roses” for clarity.

Revised: “Many people grow roses in their gardens.”

d. “Among them the red rose is the most beautiful and attractive to her.”

Issue: “Her” is unclear and unnecessary; it is not clear who it refers to.

Revised: “Among them, the red rose is the most beautiful and attractive.”

e. “When they bloom in the garden, the garden assumes a charming appearance.”

Issue: “They” is unclear at first glance. It should be explicitly stated that “roses” is being referred to.

Revised: “When roses bloom in the garden, the garden assumes a charming appearance.”

2. Translation is an art. It takes a great deal of creativity and patience to do the translation well. It also takes stamina, for translators are underpaid and underappreciated. They are often left off the covers of it they create. In fact, we owe a good deal to a good number of hard-working people and organisations who are responsible for making it available. We thank most notably them who take the financial risk to publish and promote them in an increasingly crowded market.

Answer: Translation is an art. It takes a great deal of creativity and patience to do translation well. It also takes stamina, for translators are underpaid and underappreciated. They are often left off the covers of the books they translate. In fact, we owe a great deal to many hard-working people and organizations who are responsible for making translated works available. We thank, most notably, those who take the financial risk to publish and promote these works in an increasingly crowded market.

Explanation of Changes:

a. “the covers of it they create” → “the covers of the books they translate” (Clarifies that “it” refers to books.)

b. “making it available” → “making translated works available” (Clarifies what “it” refers to.)

c. “them who” → “those who” (Grammatically correct form.)

d. “promote them” → “promote these works” (Clarifies that “them” refers to translated works, not people.)

3. In our country, people have different views about women. The majority cannot still consider men and women on equal terms. They are treated either with a feeling of compassion or they are deprived of their rights. Ignorance and very frequently illiteracy, among us are the main reasons behind this type of attitude. It is true that as a general rule, girls, whether from poor or rich families, are much loved and cared for by the father and brothers. We also need to remember that these are often denied by another women. We first have to make them aware of the great harm they are doing. In the matter of attitude, women need to face menfolk with the expectation of being treated rightly as a woman!

Answer: In our country, people have different views about women. The majority still cannot consider men and women as equals. Women are treated either with a feeling of compassion or are deprived of their rights. Ignorance and, very often, illiteracy among us are the main reasons behind this attitude. It is true that, as a general rule, girls, whether from poor or rich families, are much loved and cared for by their fathers and brothers. We also need to remember that women’s rights are often denied by other women. We first have to make those responsible aware of the great harm they are causing. In terms of attitude, women need to face men with the expectation of being treated fairly and with respect.

Unclear Pronoun References and Fixes:

a. “They are treated…” → Changed “They” to “Women” (Clarifies the subject)

b. “the father and brothers” → Changed “the father” to “their fathers” (Clarifies that it refers to the girls’ own fathers)

c. “these are often denied by another women” → Changed “these” to “women’s rights” and “another women” to “other women” (Clarifies what is being denied and corrects grammar)

d. “them aware of the great harm they are doing” → Changed “them” to “those responsible” and “doing” to “causing” (Clarifies who needs to be made aware and makes the sentence more natural)

e. “treated rightly as a woman” → Changed “rightly” to “fairly and with respect” (More precise and natural phrasing)

4. A teacher who devotes him to the task of teaching his students is an ideal teacher. He is a very important person in any society or country. He dispels the darkness of ignorance from the minds of them and enkindles the light of education in them. He helps his students in learning their lessons. The teacher teaches him to follow the path of truth and avoid the path of vice. It may lead one to astray. He is in fact, a friend, philosopher and guide to the students. That is why he is considered one of the most important persons of the society and of the nation. He is also regarded as a guardian of civilization.

Answer: A teacher who devotes himself to the task of teaching his students is an ideal teacher. He is a very important person in any society or country. He dispels the darkness of ignorance from the minds of his students and enkindles the light of education in them. He helps his students learn their lessons. The teacher teaches them to follow the path of truth and avoid the path of vice, which may lead one astray. He is, in fact, a friend, philosopher, and guide to his students. That is why he is considered one of the most important persons in society and the nation. He is also regarded as a guardian of civilization.

Unclear Pronoun References and Fixes:

a. “devotes him” → Changed to “devotes himself” (Correct reflexive pronoun)

b. “the minds of them” → Changed to “the minds of his students” (Clarifies who “them” refers to)

c. “teaches him” → Changed to “teaches them” (Refers to multiple students, not a singular “him”)

d. “It may lead one to astray” → Changed to “which may lead one astray” (Corrects grammar and makes the sentence clearer)

e. “most important persons of the society” → Changed to “most important persons in society” (More natural phrasing)

5. There was once a poor woman which had two children. The youngest used to cut wood and she had to go everyday into the forest to fetch them. Once when she had gone a long way to seek it, a little child who was quite strange and strong came and helped her to pick up the wood and carry it home. Then after a few moments had passed, it disappeared. The child told her mother this, but at first she would not believe it.

There was once a poor woman who had two children. The youngest used to cut wood, and she had to go every day into the forest to fetch it. One day, when she had gone a long way to gather wood, a little child, who was quite strange and strong, came and helped her pick up the wood and carry it home. Then, after a few moments had passed, the child disappeared. The youngest child told their mother about this, but at first, she would not believe it.

Unclear Pronoun References and Fixes:

a. “which” → “who” (Refers to a person, so “who” is correct)

b. “seek it” → “gather wood” (Clarifies what “it” refers to)

c. “this” → “about this” (Clarifies what was told to the mother)

d. “The child told her mother this” → “The youngest child told their mother about this” (Clarifies which child spoke)

e. “she had to go everyday into the forest to fetch them” → “she had to go every day into the forest to fetch it” (Changes “them” to “it” since “wood” is uncountable)

6. Begum Rokeya was married to Khan Bahadur Sakhawat Hossain in 1896. Her husband was the Deputy Magistrate of Bhagalpur. This is now in the Indian state of Bihar. He always encouraged her to go on with her activities. He also cooperated with her in doing those. Many upper class Muslims of Bengal at that time learnt Arabic and Persian languages as medium of education and communication. Though Rokeya had great love for her mother tongue, she learnt those to communicate with others. She also learnt Bangla from her eldest brother Ibrahim.

Begum Rokeya was married to Khan Bahadur Sakhawat Hossain in 1896. Her husband was the Deputy Magistrate of Bhagalpur, which is now in the Indian state of Bihar. He always encouraged her to continue her activities and also cooperated with her in carrying them out. Many upper-class Muslims of Bengal at that time learned Arabic and Persian as their medium of education and communication. Though Rokeya had great love for her mother tongue, she learned these languages to communicate with others. She also learned Bangla from her eldest brother, Ibrahim.

Unclear Pronoun References and Fixes:

a. “This is now in the Indian state of Bihar.” → Changed “This” to “which” for smoother connection.

b. “go on with her activities” → Changed “go on with” to “continue” (More natural phrasing).

c. “in doing those” → Changed “those” to “carrying them out” (Clarifies the reference).

d. “learnt those” → Changed “those” to “these languages” (Clarifies that it refers to Arabic and Persian).

7. One night, while walking down the streets Kamal noticed a postbox from where a sound was coming. Being curious about it when he reached there, he found that there was a child behind stopped. He was wondering what he should do. He thought that he should return it to his parents. But as he did not know where the parents were, he took it to the nearest police station.

Answer: One night, while walking down the street, Kamal noticed a postbox from which a sound was coming. Curious about it, he went closer and found that there was a child behind it. He stopped, wondering what he should do. He thought that he should return the child to their parents. But since he did not know where the parents were, he took the child to the nearest police station.

Unclear Pronoun References and Fixes:

a. “from where a sound was coming” → “from which a sound was coming” (Correct relative pronoun).

b. “there was a child behind stopped” → “there was a child behind it” (Fixes incorrect phrasing).

c. “return it to his parents” → “return the child to their parents” (Clarifies “it” and avoids assuming gender).

d. “took it to the nearest police station” → “took the child to the nearest police station” (Clarifies “it” refers to the child).

8. There was once upon a time a mother who had three daughters, the eldest of which was rude and wicked, the second much better, but the youngest was a pious and good child. She was very strange because she loved the eldest daughter only, and she could not bear the youngest. So, she often sent her out into the great forest in order to get rid of her. She thought she would lose herself and never come back again. Once the child could not find her way out of the forest and she walked on constantly until evening came, and then she saw a tiny light burning in the distance, and ran up to them at once.

Answer: Once upon a time, there was a mother who had three daughters. The eldest was rude and wicked, the second much better, but the youngest was a pious and good child. The mother was very strange because she loved only the eldest daughter and could not bear the youngest. So, she often sent the youngest into the great forest to get rid of her. She thought the child would lose her way and never come back again. One day, the youngest daughter could not find her way out of the forest. She walked on constantly until evening came, and then she saw a tiny light burning in the distance. She ran up to it at once.

Changes made:

a. “She was very strange because she loved the eldest daughter only” → “The mother was very strange because she loved only the eldest daughter” (Clarifies who is being described).

b. “lose herself” → “lose her way” (More natural expression).

c. “Once the child could not find her way out” → “One day, the youngest daughter could not find her way out” (Clarifies which child is being referred to).

d. “ran up to them at once” → “ran up to it at once” (Corrects pronoun reference to singular “light”).

9. Today is Tania’s birthday. Her parents have brought a very beautiful dress for them. She loved the dress. She is eagerly waiting to wear this. Her uncle, Mr. Abid, has brought a nicely decorated cake on the occasion of her birthday. It was a strawberry cake. It loves his niece very dearly. The invitees have started to come one after another. But Tania’s best friend, Ayesha, is still to come. She is anxiously waiting. She will not cut the cake without her.

Answer: Today is Tania’s birthday. Her parents have brought a very beautiful dress for her. She loves the dress and is eagerly waiting to wear it. Her uncle, Mr. Abid, has brought a beautifully decorated cake for the occasion. It is a strawberry cake. He loves his niece very dearly. The invitees have started to come one after another, but Tania’s best friend, Ayesha, is still to come. She is anxiously waiting and will not cut the cake without her.

Changes made:

a. “brought a very beautiful dress for them” → “brought a very beautiful dress for her” (Clarifies the pronoun reference).

b. “eagerly waiting to wear this” → “eagerly waiting to wear it” (Clarifies what “this” refers to).

c. “It loves his niece very dearly” → “He loves his niece very dearly” (Clarifies the pronoun reference and subject).

10. Boiled egg is very nutritious and tasty as well. Besides, it is not a difficult task at all. If one wants to boil eggs, he has to pour some water into a pot at first. Then it should be kept on a burner. After that the eggs should be put into a pot. Then it should be let to boil for about five minutes. Afterwards they should be taken out with a spoon. After cooling them, they should be separated from them to be prepared for eating.

Answer: Boiled eggs are very nutritious and tasty. Besides, boiling eggs is not a difficult task at all. If someone wants to boil eggs, they must first pour some water into a pot. Then, the pot should be placed on a burner. After that, the eggs should be put into the pot. The water should be allowed to boil for about five minutes. Afterwards, the eggs should be taken out with a spoon. After cooling them, the shells should be removed to prepare them for eating.

Unclear Pronoun References and Fixes:

a. “Boiled egg is” → “Boiled eggs are” (Plural form is more natural).

b. “it is not a difficult task” → “boiling eggs is not a difficult task” (Clarifies what “it” refers to).

c. “it should be kept on a burner” → “the pot should be placed on a burner” (Clarifies “it”).

d. “Then it should be let to boil” → “The water should be allowed to boil” (Clarifies that “it” refers to the water).

e. “After cooling them, they should be separated from them” → “After cooling them, the shells should be removed” (Clarifies that “they” refers to the eggs and “them” refers to the shells).

11. Smoking is a serious bad habit. The dangers of this beggar description. The dangers they have to face severe health hazards. It is one of the most dreadful habits practiced by human being. By practicing such a bad habit it harms not only oneself but also others around. A smoker has to face a lot of incurable diseases. Lung cancer, bronchitis are two of that. So, everyone should be conscious of the dreadful consequences of smoking.

Answer: Smoking is a seriously bad habit. The dangers of smoking are beyond description. Smokers have to face severe health hazards. It is one of the most dreadful habits practiced by human beings. By indulging in such a bad habit, a smoker harms not only themselves but also those around them. A smoker faces many incurable diseases. Lung cancer and bronchitis are two of them. Therefore, everyone should be aware of the dreadful consequences of smoking.

Unclear Pronoun References and Fixes:

a. “The dangers of this beggar description.” → “The dangers of smoking are beyond description.” (Clarifies what “this” refers to and corrects the phrase).

b. “The dangers they have to face severe health hazards.” → “Smokers have to face severe health hazards.” (Clarifies that “they” refers to smokers).

c. “human being” → “human beings” (Corrects singular to plural for general reference).

d. “it harms not only oneself but also others around” → “a smoker harms not only themselves but also those around them” (Clarifies “it” and makes the sentence more natural).

e. “Lung cancer, bronchitis are two of that.” → “Lung cancer and bronchitis are two of them.” (Fixes incorrect pronoun usage).

12. Nelson Mandela was the greatest leader of South Africa. In fact it was one of the greatest leaders of the world. All its life he struggled against apartheid. This was government policy of racial segregation. The Europeans were separated from the non-Europeans. The blacks were treated cruelly. Those were aliens in its own country.

Answer: Nelson Mandela was the greatest leader of South Africa. In fact, he was one of the greatest leaders of the world. Throughout his life, he struggled against apartheid, the government policy of racial segregation. The Europeans were separated from the non-Europeans, and the blacks were treated cruelly. They were made to feel like aliens in their own country.

Unclear Pronoun References and Fixes:

a. “In fact it was one of the greatest leaders” → “In fact, he was one of the greatest leaders” (Clarifies that “it” refers to Nelson Mandela).

b. “All its life” → “Throughout his life” (Clarifies that “its” refers to Nelson Mandela).

c. “This was government policy of racial segregation” → “the government policy of racial segregation” (Refines the phrasing).

d. “Those were aliens in its own country” → “They were made to feel like aliens in their own country” (Clarifies the subject and corrects the sentence).

13. Kabir Ahmed is a school teacher. His salary is okay. The day-to-day expenses are pretty high in Dhaka. Both housing and food are costly in the capital. He has rented an apartment. But it is really too small for his family. Of course he does not have a garden. So, his wife, Nasrin, who loves gardening can’t grow anything. She cannot go out to work either because there’s no one else in the house to look after the children. So the whole family depends on his income alone. He has great hopes for his children and would like to send them to a good school. But good schools are very expensive. He is not sure how much he would be able to help her.

a. “But it is really too small for his family.”

Issue: “It” is unclear. While it likely refers to the rented apartment, making it explicit would improve clarity.

Revised: “But the apartment he has rented is really too small for his family.”

b. “Of course he does not have a garden.”

Issue: “He” refers to Kabir Ahmed, but since the previous sentence focused on the apartment, this could cause slight confusion.

Revised: “Of course, Kabir does not have a garden.”

c. “So, his wife, Nasrin, who loves gardening can’t grow anything.”

Issue: “Anything” is vague.

Revised: “So, his wife, Nasrin, who loves gardening, can’t grow any plants or vegetables.”

d. “She cannot go out to work either because there’s no one else in the house to look after the children.”

Issue: “She” is unclear since Nasrin was mentioned earlier, but the sentence should explicitly state her name for clarity.

Revised: “Nasrin cannot go out to work either because there’s no one else in the house to look after the children.”

e. “He is not sure how much he would be able to help her.”

Issue: “Her” is unclear. It could refer to Nasrin or one of the children.

Revised: “He is not sure how much he would be able to help Nasrin.”

14. My family and I love going to the park at the weekends. We like having picnics in it. My sister and I love watching animals. Though my mother does not like these too much, she likes making sandwiches for us but my father hates cooking. My sister and I love playing around in the park and feeding those. My mother loves watching us while we play. She tells my sister that she has seen spiders near the bush. I’m not afraid of spiders. But I don’t like flies. I just can’t bear with these. We can relax in a park listening to the birds singing. We also like watching these moving around. We all like the park because we love being outdoor and feeling free. But sometimes my father gets angry with us and does not allow us to go the park.

Here are the unclear pronoun references and their fixes:

a. “We like having picnics in it.”

Issue: “It” is unclear because “the park” was mentioned earlier but could be made more explicit.

Revised: “We like having picnics in the park.”

b. “Though my mother does not like these too much, she likes making sandwiches for us but my father hates cooking.”

Issue: “These” is vague. It likely refers to “watching animals,” but it should be clarified.

Revised: “Though my mother does not like watching animals too much, she likes making sandwiches for us, but my father hates cooking.”

c. “My sister and I love playing around in the park and feeding those.”

Issue: “Those” is unclear. It likely refers to animals, but it should be explicitly stated.

Revised: “My sister and I love playing around in the park and feeding the animals.”

d. “I just can’t bear with these.”

Issue: “These” is vague. It likely refers to “flies” but should be explicitly stated.

Revised: “I just can’t bear flies.”

e. “We also like watching these moving around.”

Issue: “These” is unclear. It likely refers to birds but should be stated clearly.

Revised: “We also like watching the birds moving around.”

15. Liberty does not descend upon people. People must raise its to it. It is a fruit that must be earned before them can be enjoyed. This freedom meaning freedom only from foreign domination is an outworn idea. This is the main task that confronts us if we are to take our rightful place in the modern world. We cannot hold the clock back and therefore, it is we whom must go forward at a double pace bending all our resources and all our energies to great purpose.

Answer: Liberty does not descend upon people. People must raise themselves to it. It is a fruit that must be earned before it can be enjoyed. The idea that freedom means only freedom from foreign domination is outdated. This is the main task that confronts us if we are to take our rightful place in the modern world. We cannot hold the clock back, and therefore, it is we who must go forward at a double pace, bending all our resources and all our energies to a great purpose.

Here are the unclear pronoun references and their fixes:

a. “People must raise its to it.”

Issue: “Its” is incorrect and unclear; it should be “themselves.” “It” refers to liberty but can be reworded for clarity.

Revised: “People must raise themselves to it.”

b. “It is a fruit that must be earned before them can be enjoyed.”

Issue: “Them” is incorrect; it should be “it” to refer to “a fruit” (liberty).

Revised: “It is a fruit that must be earned before it can be enjoyed.”

c. “This freedom meaning freedom only from foreign domination is an outworn idea.”

Issue: “This freedom meaning” is awkward and unclear.

Revised: “The idea that freedom means only freedom from foreign domination is outdated.”

d. “We cannot hold the clock back and therefore, it is we whom must go forward at a double pace…”

Issue: “Whom” is incorrect; it should be “who.”

Revised: “We cannot hold the clock back, and therefore, it is we who must go forward at a double pace…”

e. “Bending all our resources and all our energies to great purpose.”

Issue: “Great purpose” is vague and should be clarified.

Revised: “Bending all our resources and all our energies to a great purpose.”

16. Working opportunities for women are very few in rural areas of Bangladesh. We usually spend our time doing our household chores. The ILO recently started a project titled “Technologies for Rural Employment with Special Reference to Women and Sustainable Development.” The aim of it is to impart training to rural women in various activities and make us self-reliant.

Answer:Working opportunities for rural women in Bangladesh are very few. Women in rural areas usually spend their time doing household chores. The ILO recently launched a project called “Technologies for Rural Employment” to support women and sustainable development. The aim of the project is to impart training to rural women in various activities and make them self-reliant.

Here are the five unclear pronoun references and their fixes:

a. “We usually spend our time doing our household chores.”

Issue: “We” is unclear because the paragraph begins with a general statement about women in rural Bangladesh, but it is unclear if the speaker is including themselves.

Revised: “Women in rural areas usually spend their time doing household chores.”

b. “The aim of it is to impart training to rural women in various activities and make us self-reliant.”

Issue: “It” is vague and could be clearer by explicitly referring to the project.

Revised: “The aim of the project is to impart training to rural women in various activities and make them self-reliant.”

c. “Opportunities for women are very few in rural areas of Bangladesh.”

Issue: “Women” is general, but the paragraph focuses on rural women.

Revised: “Working opportunities for rural women in Bangladesh are very few.”

d. “The ILO recently started a project titled ‘Technologies for Rural Employment with Special Reference to Women and Sustainable Development.'”

Issue: “A project” is general at first, and “Technologies for Rural Employment with Special Reference to Women and Sustainable Development” is long and complex. A shorter version can improve clarity.

Revised: “The ILO recently launched a project called ‘Technologies for Rural Employment’ to support women and sustainable development.”

e. “Make us self-reliant.”

Issue: “Us” is unclear because the paragraph initially refers to rural women in general, and “us” shifts the perspective.

Revised: “Make them self-reliant.”

17. Children must pass through several stages in its life to become adults. For most people, there are four or five stages of growth where he learns certain things: infancy, early childhood, later childhood and adolescence. Persons 18 and over are considered adults in our society. Of course there are some people that will try to act older than its years. All people have to go through it irrespective of their economic and social status.

Answer: Children must pass through several stages in their lives to become adults. For most people, there are four or five stages of growth in which they learn certain things: infancy, early childhood, later childhood, and adolescence. People aged 18 and over are considered adults in our society. Of course, there are some people who will try to act older than their years. All people have to go through these stages irrespective of their economic and social status.

Here are the five unclear pronoun references and their fixes:

a. “Children must pass through several stages in its life to become adults.”

Issue: “Its” is incorrect because “children” is plural; it should be “their.”

Revised: “Children must pass through several stages in their lives to become adults.”

b. “For most people, there are four or five stages of growth where he learns certain things: infancy, early childhood, later childhood, and adolescence.”

Issue: “He” is unclear and incorrect because “people” is plural.

Revised: “For most people, there are four or five stages of growth in which they learn certain things: infancy, early childhood, later childhood, and adolescence.”

c. “Of course there are some people that will try to act older than its years.”

Issue: “Its” is incorrect; it should be “their” to match “people.”

Revised: “Of course, there are some people who will try to act older than their years.”

d. “Persons 18 and over are considered adults in our society.”

Issue: “Persons” is outdated and less natural in this context.

Revised: “People aged 18 and over are considered adults in our society.”

e. “All people have to go through it irrespective of their economic and social status.”

Issue: “It” is unclear; it should explicitly refer to “stages of growth.”

Revised: “All people have to go through these stages irrespective of their economic and social status.”

18. The moon is a very familiar figure to all of us. He awakens a feeling of love and tenderness in your hearts. Even an infant in arms stretches out her hands to grasp this beautiful thing. Nor is his appeal confined only to children. Ever since the string of the poetic faculty in man, he has furnished a theme for poets and artists.

Answer: The moon is a very familiar figure to all of us. It awakens a feeling of love and tenderness in our hearts. Even an infant in arms stretches out their hands to grasp the beautiful moon. Nor is its appeal confined only to children. Ever since the dawn of poetic expression in humanity, the moon has furnished a theme for poets and artists.

Here are the five unclear pronoun references and their fixes:

a. “He awakens a feeling of love and tenderness in your hearts.”

Issue: “He” is incorrect because the moon is not a person. “Your” is inconsistent with the previous use of “us.”

Revised: “It awakens a feeling of love and tenderness in our hearts.”

b. “Even an infant in arms stretches out her hands to grasp this beautiful thing.”

Issue: “Her” assumes the infant is female, but it should be gender-neutral. “This beautiful thing” is vague.

Revised: “Even an infant in arms stretches out their hands to grasp the beautiful moon.”

c. “Nor is his appeal confined only to children.”

Issue: “His” is incorrect because the moon is not a person.

Revised: “Nor is its appeal confined only to children.”

d. “Ever since the string of the poetic faculty in man, he has furnished a theme for poets and artists.”

Issue: “He” is unclear—does it refer to “man” or “the moon”? The phrase “the string of the poetic faculty in man” is also confusing.

Revised: “Ever since the dawn of poetic expression in humanity, the moon has furnished a theme for poets and artists.”

e. “This beautiful thing”

Issue: “This beautiful thing” is vague and should explicitly refer to the moon.

Revised: “The beautiful moon.”

19. Computer is an electronic device. That stores information on magnetic tape, analyses it and produces as required from the data on tapes. But computer does not work by himself. It works as it is operated. Computer is the result of efforts by some votaries of science. Pascal invented the theory of ‘Digital Calculating System’ in 1642. That invention and initiatives led to the research and finally in 1937 Mr Haward Akin, an American scientist, invented a machine that could do difficult sums, seven years later in 1944, electric computer was used in Harvard  University. Since then efforts have been made for improvement of it. Modern computer is the outcome of constant efforts and research. It consists of five major components namely the input unit, the output unit, the memory unit, the control unit and the arithmetic unit. It performs three functions—receiving data, processing data and supplying data. It has a machine language of its own. Machine language varies from computer to computer. Computer is one of the wonders of modern science and it is of great use to us. Nowadays, it is one of their daily necessaries.

Answer: A computer is an electronic device. It stores information on magnetic tape, analyzes it, and produces output as required from the data on tapes. But a computer does not work by itself. It works as it is operated. A computer is the result of efforts by some votaries of science. Pascal invented the theory of the ‘Digital Calculating System’ in 1642. That invention and those initiatives led to further research, and finally, in 1937, Mr. Howard Akin, an American scientist, invented a machine that could perform difficult calculations. Seven years later, in 1944, an electric computer was used at Harvard University. Since then, efforts have been made to improve the computer. The modern computer is the outcome of constant efforts and research. It consists of five major components: the input unit, the output unit, the memory unit, the control unit, and the arithmetic unit. It performs three functions—receiving data, processing data, and supplying data. It has a machine language of its own, which varies from computer to computer. The computer is one of the wonders of modern science and is of great use to us. Nowadays, it is one of our daily necessities.

Here are the five unclear pronoun references and their fixes:

a. “That stores information on magnetic tape, analyses it and produces as required from the data on tapes.”

Issue: “That” is unclear; it should explicitly refer to “A computer.”

Revised: “A computer stores information on magnetic tape, analyzes it, and produces output as required from the data on tapes.”

b. “But computer does not work by himself.”

Issue: “Himself” is incorrect because a computer is not a person.

Revised: “But a computer does not work by itself.”

c. “Since then efforts have been made for improvement of it.”

Issue: “It” is unclear and awkward; it should explicitly refer to “the computer.”

Revised: “Since then, efforts have been made to improve the computer.”

d. “Nowadays, it is one of their daily necessaries.”

Issue: “Their” is unclear; it does not specify whose daily necessity it is.

Revised: “Nowadays, it is one of our daily necessities.”

e. “That invention and initiatives led to the research and finally in 1937 Mr. Haward Akin, an American scientist, invented a machine that could do difficult sums, seven years later in 1944, electric computer was used in Harvard University.”

Issue: “That invention and initiatives” is vague and grammatically incorrect. “Electric computer” should be “an electric computer.”

Revised: “That invention and those initiatives led to further research, and finally, in 1937, Mr. Howard Akin, an American scientist, invented a machine that could perform difficult calculations. Seven years later, in 1944, an electric computer was used at Harvard University.”

20. Once upon a time an old lady lost his eyesight. Then she called in a doctor and said to them, “I will give you a rich reward if he can cure my eye sight.” The doctor started the treatment. But she was very greedy. He was attracted by the valuable things in the lady’s house. The doctor used to steal the things away everyday. The lady got back her eyesight by this time. When the doctor demanded it the old lady said that she did not get back her eyesight as she could not see any valuable thing in her house. 

Answer: Once upon a time, an old lady lost her eyesight. Then she called in a doctor and said to him, “I will give you a rich reward if you can cure my eyesight.” The doctor started the treatment. But the doctor was very greedy. He was attracted by the valuable things in the lady’s house. The doctor used to steal valuable items from the lady’s house every day. The lady got back her eyesight by this time. When the doctor demanded his reward, the old lady said that she had not regained her eyesight, as she could not see any valuable items in her house.

Here are the five unclear pronoun references and their fixes:

a. “Once upon a time an old lady lost his eyesight.”

Issue: “His” is incorrect because “lady” is female.

Revised: “Once upon a time, an old lady lost her eyesight.”

b. “Then she called in a doctor and said to them, ‘I will give you a rich reward if he can cure my eyesight.’”

Issues:

“Them” is incorrect because “doctor” is singular.

“He” is unclear—does it refer to the doctor or someone else?

Revised: “Then she called in a doctor and said to him, ‘I will give you a rich reward if you can cure my eyesight.’”

c. “But she was very greedy. He was attracted by the valuable things in the lady’s house.”

Issue: “She” appears to refer to the old lady, but “he” suddenly refers to the doctor, causing confusion.

Revised: “But the doctor was very greedy. He was attracted by the valuable things in the lady’s house.”

d. “The doctor used to steal the things away everyday.”

Issue: “The things” is vague and unclear.

Revised: “The doctor used to steal valuable items from the lady’s house every day.”

e. “When the doctor demanded it, the old lady said that she did not get back her eyesight as she could not see any valuable thing in her house.”

Issue: “It” is unclear—does it refer to the reward or something else?

Revised: “When the doctor demanded his reward, the old lady said that she had not regained her eyesight, as she could not see any valuable items in her house.”

21. Childhood seems to be the golden period of one’s life when he becomes adult and recollects the memory of being a child. It is very sweet to call up them. If you often look back on one’s boyhood days, they will surely turn you back to that. There is hardly any man he does not feel passionate while thinking about their childhood day. These are an excellent asset to any passionate person.

Answer: Childhood seems to be the golden period of one’s life when one becomes an adult and recollects the memory of being a child. It is very sweet to recall those memories. If one often looks back on their boyhood days, those memories will surely take them back to childhood. There is hardly any man who does not feel passionate while thinking about his childhood days. Such memories are an excellent asset to any passionate person.

Here are the five unclear pronoun references and their fixes:

a. “Childhood seems to be the golden period of one’s life when he becomes adult and recollects the memory of being a child.”

Issue: “He” is unclear because “one” is used earlier in the sentence.

Revised: “Childhood seems to be the golden period of one’s life when one becomes an adult and recollects the memory of being a child.”

b. “It is very sweet to call up them.”

Issue: “Them” is unclear—does it refer to memories or childhood experiences?

Revised: “It is very sweet to recall those memories.”

c. “If you often look back on one’s boyhood days, they will surely turn you back to that.”

Issues:

“You” and “one” should be consistent.

“That” is vague—does it mean childhood or memories?

Revised: “If one often looks back on their boyhood days, those memories will surely take them back to childhood.”

d. “There is hardly any man he does not feel passionate while thinking about their childhood day.”

Issues:

“He” is unnecessary.

“Their” should be singular to match “any man.”

“Childhood day” should be “childhood days.”

Revised: “There is hardly any man who does not feel passionate while thinking about his childhood days.”

e. “These are an excellent asset to any passionate person.”

Issue: “These” is unclear—does it refer to memories, childhood experiences, or something else?

Revised: “Such memories are an excellent asset to any passionate person.”

22. Women in our society have always been considered subservient to us. The majority of houses are usually dominated by them. So they most often have no say there. In many households wives are beaten up by them.

Answer: Women in our society have always been considered subservient to men. The majority of households are usually dominated by men. So women most often have no say in household matters. In many households, wives are beaten up by their husbands.

Here are the five unclear pronoun references and their fixes:

a. “Women in our society have always been considered subservient to us.”

Issue: “Us” is unclear—does it refer to men or society as a whole?

Fix: Replace “us” with “men.”

Revised: “Women in our society have always been considered subservient to men.”

b. “The majority of houses are usually dominated by them.”

Issue: “Them” is unclear—does it refer to men or women?

Fix: Clarify that it refers to men.

Revised: “The majority of households are usually dominated by men.”

c. “So they most often have no say there.”

Issue: “They” is unclear—does it refer to men or women?

Fix: Specify “women.”

Revised: “So women most often have no say in household matters.”

d. “There” in “So they most often have no say there.”

Issue: “There” is vague—where exactly do they have no say?

Fix: Clarify “in household matters.”

Revised: “So women most often have no say in household matters.”

e. “In many households wives are beaten up by them.”

Issue: “Them” is unclear—who is responsible for the abuse?

Fix: Specify “their husbands.”

Revised: “In many households, wives are beaten up by their husbands.”

23. While Mrs. Ayesha Amin told the students about Mr. Grasshopper and Mr. Ant, Mr. Anis Ahmed continued to help them with their school garden. ‘We’ve planted for the future,’ he told them. ‘Here in Bangladesh, we’ve three kinds of vegetables, summer, winter and all season. It was between winter and summer when I gave you the seeds and seedlings, so we’ve planted all season vegetables. Look, I’ll show them to you.

Answer: While Mrs. Ayesha Amin told the students about Mr. Grasshopper and Mr. Ant, Mr. Anis Ahmed continued to help the students with their school garden. “We’ve planted for the future,” he told the students. “Here in Bangladesh, we have three kinds of vegetables: summer, winter, and all-season. The planting took place between winter and summer when I gave you the seeds and seedlings, so we’ve planted all-season vegetables. Look, I’ll show the vegetables to you.”

Here are the five unclear pronoun references and their fixes:

a. “While Mrs. Ayesha Amin told the students about Mr. Grasshopper and Mr. Ant, Mr. Anis Ahmed continued to help them with their school garden.”

Issue: “Them” is unclear—does it refer to the students or the characters in the story?

Fix: Specify “the students.”

Revised: “While Mrs. Ayesha Amin told the students about Mr. Grasshopper and Mr. Ant, Mr. Anis Ahmed continued to help the students with their school garden.”

b. “‘We’ve planted for the future,’ he told them.”

Issue: “Them” is unclear—does it refer to the students or someone else?

Fix: Specify “the students.”

Revised: “‘We’ve planted for the future,’ he told the students.”

c. “Here in Bangladesh, we’ve three kinds of vegetables, summer, winter and all season.”

Issue: “We’ve” should be “we have” in formal writing.

Fix: Replace “we’ve” with “we have.”

Revised: “Here in Bangladesh, we have three kinds of vegetables: summer, winter, and all-season.”

d. “It was between winter and summer when I gave you the seeds and seedlings, so we’ve planted all season vegetables.”

Issue: “It” is vague—does it refer to a specific time or event?

Fix: Clarify “the time of planting.”

Revised: “The planting took place between winter and summer when I gave you the seeds and seedlings, so we’ve planted all-season vegetables.”

e. “Look, I’ll show them to you.”

Issue: “Them” is unclear—does it refer to the vegetables, seeds, or seedlings?

Fix: Specify “the vegetables.”

Revised: “Look, I’ll show the vegetables to you.”

24. At the Writing Centre, you can receive help on any writing assignment. It can make your writing stronger by discussing it with someone else. This will lead to a greater understanding of the proper mechanics and style expected in academic writing. This is an important part of the writing process, and they spend a good deal of time making sure you understand the expectations of written assignments. Using it will definitely make your writing skills stronger, and that will give you greater confidence for your next assignment.

Answer: At the Writing Centre, you can receive help on any writing assignment. The Writing Centre can make your writing stronger by allowing you to discuss it with someone else. Discussing your writing will lead to a greater understanding of the proper mechanics and style expected in academic writing. Receiving feedback is an important part of the writing process, and the Writing Centre staff spend a good deal of time making sure you understand the expectations of written assignments. Using the Writing Centre will definitely make your writing skills stronger, and improved writing skills will give you greater confidence for your next assignment.

Here are the five unclear pronoun references and their fixes:

a. “It can make your writing stronger by discussing it with someone else.”

Issue: “It” is unclear—does it refer to the Writing Centre or the writing assignment?

Fix: Specify “The Writing Centre.”

Revised: “The Writing Centre can make your writing stronger by allowing you to discuss it with someone else.”

b. “This will lead to a greater understanding of the proper mechanics and style expected in academic writing.”

Issue: “This” is vague—does it refer to discussing writing, the Writing Centre, or something else?

Fix: Specify “Discussing your writing.”

Revised: “Discussing your writing will lead to a greater understanding of the proper mechanics and style expected in academic writing.”

c. “This is an important part of the writing process, and they spend a good deal of time making sure you understand the expectations of written assignments.”

Issue: “This” is unclear—does it refer to discussing writing or the Writing Centre itself? “They” is also unclear—who are “they”?

Fix: Clarify “Receiving feedback” and replace “they” with “Writing Centre staff.”

Revised: “Receiving feedback is an important part of the writing process, and the Writing Centre staff spend a good deal of time making sure you understand the expectations of written assignments.”

d. “Using it will definitely make your writing skills stronger, and that will give you greater confidence for your next assignment.”

Issue: “It” is unclear—does it refer to the Writing Centre or discussing writing?

Fix: Specify “Using the Writing Centre.”

Revised: “Using the Writing Centre will definitely make your writing skills stronger, and that will give you greater confidence for your next assignment.”

e. “That will give you greater confidence for your next assignment.”

Issue: “That” is vague—does it refer to stronger writing skills or the Writing Centre?

Fix: Specify “Improved writing skills.”

Revised: “Improved writing skills will give you greater confidence for your next assignment.”

25. There was an old house in a village. A number of mice lived in that house. They were doing a lot of mischief there. The master of the house was very annoyed and made a plan. They bought a big cat. He started killing the mice. The mice fell in a great trouble. They became very worried. They wanted to get rid of the cat. The mice had a general council to consider what measures could take to outwit their common enemy, the cat. Some said this, and some said that; but at last a young mouse got up and said he had a proposal to make, which they thought would meet the case. ‘We will all agree,’ said he, ‘that our chief danger consists in the sly and treacherous manner in which the enemy approaches us.’

Answer: There was an old house in a village. A number of mice lived in that house. They were doing a lot of mischief in the house. The master of the house was very annoyed and made a plan. The master of the house bought a big cat. The cat started killing the mice. The mice fell in great trouble. They became very worried. They wanted to get rid of the cat. The mice had a general council to consider what measures they could take to outwit their common enemy, the cat. Some said this, and some said that; but at last, a young mouse got up and said he had a proposal to make, which they thought would meet the case. “We will all agree,” he said, “that our chief danger consists in the sly and treacherous manner in which the enemy approaches us.”

Here are the five unclear pronoun references and their fixes:

a. “They were doing a lot of mischief there.”

Issue: “There” is vague—does it refer to the house or the village?

Fix: Specify “in the house.”

Revised: “They were doing a lot of mischief in the house.”

b. “They bought a big cat.”

Issue: “They” is unclear—who bought the cat, the mice or the master of the house?

Fix: Specify “The master of the house.”

Revised: “The master of the house bought a big cat.”

c. “He started killing the mice.”

Issue: “He” is unclear—does it refer to the master or the cat?

Fix: Specify “The cat.”

Revised: “The cat started killing the mice.”

d. “The mice had a general council to consider what measures could take to outwit their common enemy, the cat.”

Issue: “What measures could take” is incorrect—the subject is missing.

Fix: Specify “what measures they could take.”

Revised: “The mice had a general council to consider what measures they could take to outwit their common enemy, the cat.”

e. “‘We will all agree,’ said he, ‘that our chief danger consists in the sly and treacherous manner in which the enemy approaches us.’”

Issue: “Said he” is an outdated construction and sounds unnatural.

Fix: Use “he said.”

Revised: “‘We will all agree,’ he said, ‘that our chief danger consists in the sly and treacherous manner in which the enemy approaches us.'”

26. Drug addiction has become common in recent times and is a behavior, found in people all over the world. Drug abuse is caused when a person indulges in excessive consumption of drugs or chemical substances. When the person continues to indulge in such behavior, even if they faces lot of physical, emotional and social problems, it turns into an addiction. They start taking drugs for variety of reasons, for instance, to escape from problems in life, to get rid of some physical or mental pain or to feel more energetic. Drugs are also prescribed by physicians to patients, after a surgery or to lessen chronic pain. In both these cases, there is a chance of a person getting addicted, if the drug gives instant results. It is said that, when people take drugs, they feel a sudden rush of energy and also find them in a different world where problems cannot reach themselves. Continuous or regular use of drugs make the body addicted to it, and gives rise to a situation where he is not able to live without it. The person gets addicted to it in such a way, that nothing else seems to be important.

Answer: Drug addiction has become common in recent times and is a behavior found in people all over the world. Drug abuse occurs when a person indulges in excessive consumption of drugs or chemical substances. When the person continues to engage in such behavior, even if they face a lot of physical, emotional, and social problems, it turns into an addiction. People who abuse drugs start taking them for a variety of reasons, for instance, to escape from problems in life, to get rid of some physical or mental pain, or to feel more energetic. Drugs are also prescribed by physicians to patients after surgery or to lessen chronic pain. In both these cases, there is a chance of a person getting addicted if the drug gives instant results. It is said that when people take drugs, they feel a sudden rush of energy and also find themselves in a different world where problems cannot reach them. Continuous or regular use of drugs makes the body addicted to them and gives rise to a situation where the person is not able to live without them. The person gets addicted to them in such a way that nothing else seems to be important.

Here are five unclear pronoun references and their fixes:

a. “even if they faces lot of physical, emotional and social problems”

Issue: “they faces” is incorrect; “they” is plural, but “faces” is singular.

Fix: Change “they faces” to “they face.”

Revised: “even if they face a lot of physical, emotional, and social problems.”

b. “They start taking drugs for variety of reasons”

Issue: “They” is unclear—does it refer to drug addicts or people in general?

Fix: Specify “People who abuse drugs.”

Revised: “People who abuse drugs start taking them for a variety of reasons.”

c. “It is said that, when people take drugs, they feel a sudden rush of energy and also find them in a different world”

Issue: “them” is unclear—does it refer to people or drugs?

Fix: Change “them” to “themselves” to clarify the subject.

Revised: “It is said that, when people take drugs, they feel a sudden rush of energy and also find themselves in a different world.”

d. “where problems cannot reach themselves”

Issue: “themselves” is unnecessary and confusing.

Fix: Remove “themselves” and simplify the sentence.

Revised: “where problems cannot reach them.”

e. “Continuous or regular use of drugs make the body addicted to it, and gives rise to a situation where he is not able to live without it.”

Issue: “make” should be “makes” to match the singular subject “use,” and “he” is unclear—does it refer to any person?

Fix: Change “make” to “makes,” replace “he” with “the person.”

Revised: “Continuous or regular use of drugs makes the body addicted to them and gives rise to a situation where the person is not able to live without them.”

27. You are seven years old. You hear the sound of glass breaking outside window and suddenly the house resounds with mother’s shouts. You see her face in the hall from your bedroom. That she forms with her mouth is strange and unfamiliar to you. Riot. It would have sounded like a clownish way of saying ‘Right.’ But this does not seem to be a time for clownish behaviour. This is something serious and mysterious and disturbing and it occupies a place in the adult world, the world you do not yet understand but can intuitively grasp from time to time. Like now. Your mother enters bedroom. Her face is distorted with alarm. She runs to where you are, playing with your friend who is also your age, and grabs you.

Answer: You are seven years old. You hear the sound of glass breaking outside your window, and suddenly the house resounds with your mother’s shouts. You see her face in the hall from your bedroom. The word she forms with her mouth is strange and unfamiliar to you. “Riot” would have sounded like a clownish way of saying “Right.” But this moment does not seem to be a time for clownish behavior. This situation is serious, mysterious, and disturbing, and it occupies a place in the adult world, a world you do not yet understand but can intuitively grasp from time to time. Like now. Your mother enters your bedroom. Her face is distorted with alarm. She runs into your room, where you are playing with your friend who is also your age, and grabs you.

Here are five unclear pronoun references and their fixes:

a. “That she forms with her mouth is strange and unfamiliar to you.”

Issue: “That” is unclear—what is being formed with her mouth?

Fix: Clarify that “the word she forms” is being referred to.

Revised: “The word she forms with her mouth is strange and unfamiliar to you.”

b. “It would have sounded like a clownish way of saying ‘Right.’”

Issue: “It” is vague—what does “it” refer to?

Fix: Specify that “Riot” is the word being misunderstood.

Revised: “‘Riot’ would have sounded like a clownish way of saying ‘Right.’”

c. “But this does not seem to be a time for clownish behaviour.”

Issue: “This” is ambiguous—what exactly is serious?

Fix: Specify that the situation or moment is serious.

Revised: “But this moment does not seem to be a time for clownish behaviour.”

d. “This is something serious and mysterious and disturbing and it occupies a place in the adult world, the world you do not yet understand but can intuitively grasp from time to time.”

Issue: “This” is vague—what is serious, mysterious, and disturbing?

Fix: Specify that “the situation” is being referred to.

Revised: “This situation is serious, mysterious, and disturbing, and it occupies a place in the adult world, a world you do not yet understand but can intuitively grasp from time to time.”

e. “She runs to where you are, playing with your friend who is also your age, and grabs you.”

Issue: “She” is clear, but “where you are” is vague.

Fix: Specify “your room” for clarity.

Revised: “She runs into your room, where you are playing with your friend who is also your age, and grabs you.”

28. An ideal farmer is a very important person in our society. He lives in a village. Their house is made of straws. An ideal farmer lives a very simple life. He earns his livelihood by the sweat of their brow. He works from morning till evening. He gets up very early in the morning and takes a little breakfast. He goes to field with his wooden plough and a pair of bullocks. He cultivates and prepares his land with simple hand-made tools. He has both pleasures and pains in his life. He gets pleasures when he has a good harvest. But he gets pains when his crops are destroyed by droughts, floods or cyclone. Though a farmer works hard, does not get enough to eat. He lives from hand to mouth. He also suffers from many diseases. An ideal farmer is a seed to the country. He contributes a lot to the economy of the country. So all of us should respect them.

Answer: An ideal farmer is a very important person in our society. He lives in a village. His house is made of straws. An ideal farmer lives a very simple life. He earns his livelihood by the sweat of his brow. He works from morning till evening. He gets up very early in the morning and takes a little breakfast. He goes to the field with his wooden plough and a pair of bullocks. He cultivates and prepares his land with simple handmade tools. He has both pleasures and pains in his life. He feels pleasure when he has a good harvest. But he suffers when his crops are destroyed by droughts, floods, or cyclones. Though a farmer works hard, he does not get enough to eat. He lives from hand to mouth. He also suffers from many diseases. An ideal farmer is the backbone of the country. He contributes a lot to the economy of the country. So all of us should respect him.

Here are five unclear pronoun references and their fixes:

a. “Their house is made of straws.”

Issue: “Their” is unclear because “an ideal farmer” is singular.

Fix: Change “their” to “his” to match the singular subject.

Revised: “His house is made of straws.”

b. “He earns his livelihood by the sweat of their brow.”

Issue: “Their” does not match the singular subject “he.”

Fix: Change “their” to “his.”

Revised: “He earns his livelihood by the sweat of his brow.”

c. “Though a farmer works hard, does not get enough to eat.”

Issue: The subject is missing in the second clause, making it unclear who “does not get enough to eat.”

Fix: Add “he” to clarify.

Revised: “Though a farmer works hard, he does not get enough to eat.”

d. “An ideal farmer is a seed to the country.”

Issue: “Seed” is metaphorically unclear in this context.

Fix: Change “seed” to “backbone” to convey the idea more clearly.

Revised: “An ideal farmer is the backbone of the country.”

e. “So all of us should respect them.”

Issue: “Them” is incorrect because “an ideal farmer” is singular.

Fix: Change “them” to “him.”

Revised: “So all of us should respect him.”

29. It was already late when we set out for the next town, it according to the map was about fifteen miles away on the other side of the hills. There we felt sure which we would find a bed for the night. Darkness fell soon after they left the village, but luckily we met no someone as drove swiftly along the narrow winding road that led to the hills. As we climbed higher, that became colder and rain began to fall, making difficult at times to see the road. I asked John, my companion, to derive more slowly.

30. Rahman is such a common name that I had better remind where we met. It was at your daughters wedding last year. Her husband Mr. Moniruzzaman is a very old friend of mine. In fact, we were at school together- and I came up from Dhaka for the occasion. In fact I had every intention of remaining in Japan, but since then I have changed mind and I am very much inclined to come back to work in native town. I have been away now for so long that I have very few contacts in Bangladesh. That is why I am writing to now. I should really be most grateful if could put me in touch with anyone who could help or advise.

31. Please don’t put you to a lot of trouble on my behalf. Of course I haven’t forgotten you. I remembered you were as soon as I saw the signature at the foot of the letter. By a strange coincidence, were talking about you the other day. My friend, Mr. Altaf is the editor of a newspaper. He was rather worried because he is just about to lose anyone of top journalists. So far he has not been able to find someone to replace him. He wants anyone which was born and brought up here.

32. One day a cowboy was tending their cows in the field. Many wolves lived in the forest. The cowboy would often cry out ‘Wolf! Wolf!’ in fun. The farmers working in the field heard his cries and thought that he had been really attacked by them. So, they all rushed to the spot to save the cowboy. But their surprise, they found no wolf there. Seeing them the boy began to laugh at them. He played the same trick for several times and the men were befooled. So, they became very angry. One day a wolf really came and attacked the cows. Now the cowboy cried out in fear but one time nobody came to help him. The wolf first killed them and at last it killed the boy.

33. The teacher told his students that he liked them who were disciplined and punctual. Then he added that each of the students should complete their homework regularly. At last, he said that if you did not work regularly, your result would not be good. If they needed, I would guide them.One day a man came into a wood with an axe in its hand and begged all the trees to give him a small branch which it wanted for a particular purpose. There were good natured trees and gave him one of its branches. What the man did but fixed them into the axe head and soon set to work cutting down tree after tree.

34. Translation is an art. It takes a great deal of creativity and patience to do the translation well. It also takes stamina, for translators are underpaid and underappreciated. They are often left off the covers of it they create. In fact, we owe a good deal to a good number of hard-working people and organisations who are responsible for making it available. We thank most notably them who take the financial risk to publish and promote them in an increasingly crowded market.

35. In our country, people have different views about women. The majority cannot still consider men and women on equal terms. They are treated either with a feeling of compassion or they are deprived of their rights. Ignorance and very frequently illiteracy, among us are the main reasons behind this type of attitude. It is true that as a general rule, girls, whether from poor or rich families, are much loved and cared for by the father and brothers. We also need to remember that these are often denied by another women. We first have to make them aware of the great harm they are doing. In the matter of attitude, women need to face menfolk with the expectation of being treated rightly as a woman!

36. A teacher who devotes him to the task of teaching his students is an ideal teacher. He is a very important person in any society or country. He dispels the darkness of ignorance from the minds of them and enkindles the light of education in them. He helps his students in learning their lessons. The teacher teaches him to follow the path of truth and avoid the path of vice. It may lead one to astray. He is in fact, a friend, philosopher and guide to the students. That is why he is considered one of the most important persons of the society and of the nation. He is also regarded as a guardian of civilization.

37. Life is full of struggles. These are quite normal in any one’s life as it is not a bed of roses. Certainly, it has ups and downs. A man has to face innumerable barriers in his life. Sometimes, he can overcome those but sometimes he fails to combat them. He may be born with silver spoon without any trouble. But even then he has to overcome a lot of such to be successful in life. In other words, life is full of challenges. If he cannot fight them successfully, his life becomes full of sorrows. Though the scholars differ in giving the definition of life, they are unanimous that obstacles are the ways of life. In fact, a man has to undergo many in his life.

38. Man is naturally very inquisitive, and so, they want to know the unknown and see the unseen. It is the driving force for all the inventions throughout the human civilization. But, we should keep it in mind that nothing is invented overnight and scientists work for days together to invent what we wish for. They have worked for years and invented the computer. It has brought out a radical change in the field of communication and entertainment.

39. In our country, people have different views about woman. The majority cannot consider men and women on equal terms. They are treated either with a feeling of compassion or they are deprived of their rights. Ignorance and very frequently illiteracy, among us are the main reasons behind this type of attitude. It is true that as general rule girls whether from poor or rich families are much loved and cared for by the father and brothers. We also need to remember that these are often denied by another woman. We first have to make them aware of the great harm they are doing. In the matter of attitude women need to face men folk with the expectation of being treated rightly as women.

40. Once there were two friends, a grocer and a fruit-seller. The grocer was intelligent, the later was dishonest. One day he borrowed a balance and weights from him. After a few days, he told his friend to return his balance and weights. The fruit-seller showed a lame excuse and said that a rat had eaten away its balance and weights. It made the fruit-seller very angry.

41. In small village, a little boy lived with its father and mother. He was the only son for him. The parents of the little boy were very depressed due to its bad temper. The boy used to get angry very soon and taunt others with his bad words. He scolded kids, neighbours and even his friends due to anger. He invited all worries for its parents through it. As a result, his friends and neighbours avoided it.

42. In our country, people have different views about women. The majority cannot still consider men and women on equal terms. They are treated either with a feeling of compassion or they are deprived of their rights. Ignorance and very frequently illiteracy, among us are the main reasons behind this type of attitude. It is true that as a general rule, girls, whether from poor or rich families are much loved and cared for by the father and brothers. We also need to remember that these are often denied by another woman. We first have to make them aware of the great harm they are doing. In the matter of attitude, they need to face menfolk with the expectation of being treated rightly as a woman!

43. In the old days, when men were allowed to have many wives, a middle-aged man had one wife what was old and one that was young; each loved them very much, and desired to see it like herself. Now the man’s hair was turning grey, which the young wife did not like, as he made him look too old for her husband. So every night she used to comb his hair and pick out the white ones. But the elder wife saw her husband growing grey with great pleasure, for she did not like to be mistaken for his mother. So, every morning she used to arrange their hair and pick out as many of the black ones as she could. The consequence was the man soon found itself entirely bald.

44. Othello was a brave soldier whom had risen to become a General. He had shown it bravery in many bloody battles against the Truks. Someone praised him and the senate trusted him. Brabantio, a rich senator of Venice, had only one child, a daughter named Desdimona. Brabantio often invited Othello to his house where he and her daughter listened in wonder to Othello as she spoke about his adventures.

45. Once upon a time, there lived a poor widow. She had a son. He was foolish. One day, the widow told him to sell the calf. It was their only asset. The boy took the calf to the market. But he could not sell them. An old man took the calf for three pea-nuts. In the evening the boy returned home with those pea-nuts. She got furious to see it. She threw away the peanuts out of the window. Next morning, he saw a big nut tree beside their house. He climbed up the tree. He saw a big palace on the top of the tree.

46. At the Writing Centre, you can receive help on any writing assignment. It can make your writing stronger by discussing it with someone else. This will lead to a greater understanding of the proper mechanics and style expected in academic writing. This is an important part of the writing process, and they spend a good deal of time making sure you understand the expectations of written assignments. Using it will definitely make your writing skills stronger, and that will give you greater confidence for your next assignment.

47. A beggar is person that begs from door to door. There are some beggars who beg on streets. He is called street beggars. It is not a profession. It is a social problem. They are the ignoble persons in the society. Though they earn money by begging, they do not contribute to it.

48. Teaching is a profession what is full of challenge. I want to be a teacher because you like working with children. But my father argues that one cannot make much money from it. He wants me to look after their farms instead. Actually, I want to own a farm in future. I think it is a good idea to have farm experience before buying it.

49. Reading comprehension questions test your ability to understand a passage and answer questions on the basis of what is stated and implied in it. One needs to read the passage first so that you can identify the main idea of the passage. If the learners are not clear of the main idea of the passage, it will be really hard for them to answer the questions. It is because most of them are done based on it.

50. The Liberation War of Bangladesh is a memorable event in our national life. She achieved her independence through sacrifice and bloodshed. It is the birth right of a man. On the night of March 25, 1971, the Pakistan army fell upon the unarmed sleeping Bengalese. But they were not cowards. They built up strong resistance against them. They fought with courage for nine months. After nine months’ bloody war and the sacrifice of the freedom fighters, the red sun of independence rose in our soil on the 16th December 1971. Now we remember them with great respect.

51. Character is the most valuable thing in our life. It is called the crown of human life. There are some noble qualities that distinguish a good man from a bad man. A man who cherishes these can be successful in his life. A man of character is respected everywhere. Many people do not know how much valuable it is. A man will be loser if he loses his character. A man without it is like a beast. He has no moral scruple and is capable of doing any evil thing. Nobody likes an unscrupulous person. Everybody likes a man who has good character. He is like a beacon-light and one of the moral forces of the world.

52. Women are nowadays as important as men in society, she constitute nearly half of out total population. No nation can make real progress keeping half of it in the dark. Without the uplift of women, it is not at all possible. Again without education, women cannot be uplifted proper education should be given to her so that they can work hand in hand with them in all development programmers.

53. Once a king ordered his cook to prepare a delicious duck roast. When it was cooked, he could not resist his temptation and ate one of the legs of a roasted duck. When he sat to eat, he found one of the legs of the duck was missing and so, he asked the cook about it. But the cook said that it had only one leg. At this, the king got furious and said that there was no such thing as a one legged duck.

54. Tension means mental, emotional and nervous strain. When a man feels tension, it becomes unfriendly towards others and which may develop into conflict. According to the physicians, tension is the source of disease. There is no man in the world without her. But over tension is harmful for health. If a man wants to be free from tension, it has to remain busy in various activities. An active man always avoids him by remaining busy in his works.

55. When a child is born, he is totally helpless. It is his parents who came forward to remove this. So, the parents are the best friends of all the children on earth. They are greatly cared of by them.

56. A farmer’s child was eating a piece of meat. Suddenly, a crow snatched the piece of meat from him and flew to a tree. A fox was going under it. He saw the piece of meat in the beak of the crow. He was very tempted. He thought of having a good meal with that. So, he started flattering him. “Hi Mr. Crow,” said the fox. “It is known to everybody that you have a sweet tone. Will you please sing a song for me?” The crow felt very flattered and agreed to sing. When he opened his mouth, the piece of meat fell to the ground. The fox took it up and left the place befooling the crow. Then, the crow realized this and decided not to believe a flatterer again.

57. Mandela left public life in June 2004 telling his adoring countrymen not to call them. Regarding it, Nadine Gordimer said, “He is at the epicenter of his time, our in South Africa and your, wherever you are.”

58. One day, there was a mouse that was very afraid. A big cat was chasing him. He was running as fast as he could to save their life. The mouse saw a big grandfather clock. It climbed the clock. It reached the top and sat down to rest. Not long after that, it struck one, ‘Dong! It had such a shock that he ran down the clock.

59. In order to know whether a nation is rich or poor, he does not need to count the number of its palatial buildings and monuments or the number of those people which enjoy a high standard of living. It is enough to count the number of their literate people. The rate of literacy or illiteracy in a country determines whether a country is rich or poor, developed or underdeveloped. Illiteracy is a curse because it keeps people ignorant and detached him from the world. This takes him to the level no better than a beast.

60. Books are the medium through which human beings talk with enlightened minds, the great men of the world. They are our best friends. They introduce them to the life and the world. Books are the mirrors of past, present and even future. These are having an active voice. We know about the thoughts and deeds of our ancestors through it. They make the noble men alive in the world forever.

61. Some substances remain in suspended state in water. It is dust, sand, clay, silt and mud. The microscopic plants and animals are also present in suspended state in it. It is called planktons. Both dissolved and suspended impurities are responsible for colour, odour and turbidity of water. When some pathogenic bacteria such as E. coli and other bacteria are present in water, it causes serious diseases like diarrhoea, jaundice, typhoid and other diseases related to alimentary canal, if it is used for drinking purpose.

62. Autism is a physical disorder of the brain who causes a lifelong developmental disability. Unfortunately, a number of boys and girls become victim of it after their birth. Children with autism vary widely in their activities, abilities, behaviours etc. and the symptoms may appear differently in him. The sorrows and sufferings of the parents of those know no bounds. Though the autistic children are quite different in activities from the normal children, they should not be neglected. Rather, we have a great responsibility towards them.

63. Honesty is the best policy. It is honesty which brings happiness in life. Without it, none can dream of a great life. Those who were great in their lifetime were honest. They worked with sincerity, lived earnestly and died with honour. His contributions to this world are unforgettable. So, if you want themselves to be in their league, be honest. Remember, there is no short-cut way to a great life.

64. Street accident have become a matter of daily occurrence nowadays in our country. In the morning, when we open the newspaper, we have to see the news of street accidents. They, of course, happen mostly due to rash driving. They are being killed and hundreds are being wounded every year. At present, it has become almost impossible to predict which vehicle will reach safely to the destination. One cannot say that he will reach home without being injured by accident. It seems that they are made only for the drives of the automobiles and they are given license to do what they like.

65. People must possess honesty and tolerance if we want to be successful in life. Without it, you cannot expect trust and respect from others. Without it, you cannot maintain your success for a long time, because it needs continuous effort. Honesty and tolerance go hand in hand and it complements the other. Our combination always brings the best result.

66. Read the newspaper carefully. Everyday one will find here many examples of human joy and human tragedy which can give you ideas for articles, essays or short stories. Keep a notebook in which to put down that you notice, or ideas that come to you when you are out walking, when you are reading a book or magazine, or at another time. Some people get the ideas in the bath, or when are awake during the night. Unless they write it down, they may forget them.

67. The Egyptians believed that after death, people would go to another world. One thought that in that world, people still would need many things he had on earth. Their kings had many wonderful treasures. They loved and respected them very much. So, they buried them with dead kings.

68. Street accidents have become a matter of daily occurrence nowadays in our country. In the morning, when we open the newspaper, we have to see the news of street accidents. They, of course, happen mostly due to rash driving. They are being killed and hundreds are being wounded every year. At present it has become almost impossible to predict which vehicle will reach safely to the destination. One cannot say that he will reach home without being injured by accident; it seems that they are made only for the drivers of the automobiles and they are given license to do what they like.

69. Yesterday I went to New Market and bought a costly cell phone and a pair of shoes. But on the way, a snatcher snatched it. So, I called the police station and told them to catch the snatcher. After that I returned home and blamed him for my carelessness. In the evening, I got a phone call from New Market Thana. He told me that they had caught him with my cell phone.

70. Questions are set to assess our ability to make out a passage and answer the questions on the basis of what is stated in it. One needs to read it so that you can identify the main idea of the passage. If the learners are not clear of the main idea, it will be difficult for them to answer the questions. It is because most of them are done based on the main idea.

71. Once there lived two friends, a grocer and a fruitseller. The grocer was very intelligent, but the latter was very dishonest. One day, he borrowed a balance and weights from him. After a few days, he told his friend to return his balance and weights. The grocer showed a lame excuse and said that a rat had eaten away its balance and weights. It made the fruitseller very angry.

72. Once two friends, Anis and Nawsad, desired to go on a tour to the Sundarbans. Anis requested him to have a fillet knife for the necessary purpose. While entering into the deep jungle of them, Nawsad saw a colourful snake laying on the trodden path. As a result, each of him got afraid of it. Instantly, he raised its head to bite one of them. Nawsad themselves tried to kill him with that knife.

73. Sunlight is the source of all energy on earth. All the living beings are dependent upon this. Green plants are the producer of ecosystem. All plants and animals of it are interconnected serially. Consequently, there develops a food chain among these. The transfer of food energy takes place from producers through a series of food levels. This is called the food chain in the ecosystem. There are numerous food chain in an ecosystem. It does not work in isolation. These are linked together to form a food web.

74. In our country, people have different views about women. The majority cannot still consider men and women on equal terms. They are treated either with a feeling of compassion or they are deprived of their rights. Ignorance and very frequently illiteracy, among us are the main reasons behind this type of attitude. It is true that as a general rule, girls, whether from poor or rich families, are much loved and cared for by the father and brothers. We also need to remember that these are often denied by another woman. We first have to make them aware of the great harm they are doing. In the matter of attitude, they need to face menfolk with the expectation of being treated rightly as a woman!

 

Case

Abdullah

Case

Grammatical case pertains to nouns and pronouns. A noun’s or a pronoun’s case shows its relationship with the other words in a sentence. A noun does not change its form in any of the cases other than the possessive case. A pronoun, however, changes its form in the possessive and the objective case.
The main cases you will encounter in English are:

1. Subjective /Nominative  (subject of a verb)

Example: Rila went to the shop. Bill is a policeman. She went to the shop. It is he.

2. Possessive/ Genitive  (show possession)

Example: This is Rima’s bag. This is her bag.

3. Objective /Dative / Accusative  (direct/indirect object of a verb/ preposition)

Example: I visited Riva. Rahim reads a book. I visited her. The horse kicked me. Take me to her.

4. Vocative Case (is addressed directly)

Example: Rina, is this your pen? Brother, could I take your pen?  Good bye, mother. You, get off my lawn. Go there, Rahim. May I come in sir.

Nominative and Objective case can be used as pronoun, adjective, infinitive, gerund, verbal noun, phrase, clause etc

 

Nominative

Objective

noun

Orin goes to school. 

He reads the Quran.

pronoun

He visited Khulna.

We called him. 

adjective

The poor live in hand to mouth. 

He helps the poor.

infinitive

To err is human.

I want to sleep. 

gerund

Walking is a good exercise. 

 

verbal noun

The reading of newspaper is a good habit.

I like the playing of cricket.

phrase

A man of letters came here. 

I met a man of parts.

clause

What he says is known to all.

I know how he did it.

The case at a glance

3rd Person

Nouns

Subjective

Possessive

Objective

Singular

frog

frog’s

frog

Minu

Minu’s

Minu

Plural

frogs

frogs’

frogs

witches

witches’

witches

Personal Pronouns

Person

Subjec

tive

Possessive

Objective

Number

1st

I

my, mine

me

Singular

2nd

you

your, yours

you

3rd

he/she

/it

his/her/

hers/its/

our/ours

him/her

/it

Plural

1st

we

your, yours

us

2nd

you

their, theirs

you

3rd

they

 

them

 

Other

Pronouns

Relative/ interrogative

pronouns

Indefinite

pronouns

Subjective

Who

Which

That/

what

everybody

Possessive

Whose

of which

 

everybody’s

Objective

Whom

Which

That/ what

everybody

Formation of Possessive case:

Process

 

Examples

by adding (’s)

If the word ends without “s”

singular

Shawkot’s book, kamal’s pen, mother’s glass, baby’s toy. The boy’s father, The girl’s mother

plural

women’s co-operative, children’s park, men’s dress, people’s republic.

by adding (’s)    If the word ends in “s”

singular

jesus’ speech, brutass’ car, keates’ poem. For goodness’ sake, Moses’s laws

plural

boys’ school, girls’ school, sailors’ cap, brothers’ garden.

by adding 

(’s)

Compound noun

brother-in-law’s home, Inspector-general’s office, Rahim and Karim’s flat, Sami and Rahi’s mother.

by adding 

(’s)

 

Rahim’s hen or The hen of Rahim. Rabbi’s goat or the goat of rabbi.

using of  before subject

material noun

The legs of chair are broken.

by adding (’s)

denoting time, space   or weight.

Three days’ leave, A yard’s length, A ton’s wait. In a year’s time, A week’s holiday, Five minutes’ walk, A pound’s weight

 

Some common phrases

At his fingers’ ends, For mercy’s sake, To his heart’s content, A boat’s crew, At his wit’s end,  a day’s work, a month’s pay, today’s newspaper, in a year’s time

Possessive case:

অধিকার সম্বন্ধ বা কর্তৃত্ব সম্বন্ধ বোঝায়। এটি “কার” এই প্রশ্নের উত্তর দেয়।

– This is Ram’s book. (কার বই– Ram এর)
– These are Shakespeare’s plays.(কার নাটক – Shakespeare’s এর)

1. শেষে ‘s’ বিহীন singular/plural noun এর সাধারণত Apostrophe S (’s) যোগ করে Possessive করা হয়। যেমন– Shawkot’s book, kamal’s pen, mother’s glass, baby’s toy. The boy’s father, The girl’s mother,  women’s co-operative, children’s park, men’s dress, people’s republic.

2. শেষে ‘s’ যুক্ত singular/plural noun এর শেষে শুধু Apostrophe যোগ করে Possessive করা হয়। যেমন– jesus’ speech, brutass’ car, keats’ poem. For goodness’ sake, Moses’s laws boys’ school, girls’ school, sailors’ cap, brothers’ garden.

3. Compound nounএর শেষে Apostrophe ও S (’s) যোগ করে Possessive করা হয়। যেমন– brother-in-law’s home, Inspector-general’s office, Rahim and Karim’s flat, Sami and Rahi’s mother.

4. And দ্বারা যুক্ত একাধিক  noun যৌথ  অধিকার প্রকাশ করলে শেষের noun টির সাথে (’s) যোগ করতে হয়। যেমন– Rahim and Karim’s flat, Sami and Rahi’s mother.

5.সাধারণত ব্যক্তির ক্ষেত্রে (’s) বসিয়ে বা  তার পূর্বে of বসিয়ে Possessive করা হয়। যেমন–

6.অচেতন পদার্থের ক্ষেত্রে (’s) না বসিয়ে of বসিয়ে Possessive করতে হয়। যেমন–
Incorrect – The Chair’s legs are broken.
Correct – The legs of chair are broken.

7. সময়, দুরুত্ব ও ওজন প্রকাশক noun  এর সাথে (s’) যোগ করে Possessive করতে হয়। যেমন – Three days’ leave, A yard’s length, A ton’s wait.

 

Gender

Abdullah

Gender এর আভিধানিক অর্থ হল লিঙ্গ। অর্থাৎ Gender হচ্ছে কোন noun বা pronoun এর সেই রূপ যা দিয়ে প্রকাশ করা হয় ঐ noun বা pronoun টি স্ত্রী, পুরুষ, ক্লীব না কি উ ভয় লিঙ্গ।

Gender is defined as a classification of a noun or pronoun as feminine, masculine or neuter.
Types of Gender

 GenderexpressionExample
1Masculine (পুং লিঙ্গ)only maleMan, Loin, Hero, Boy, King, Horse, Actor, Brother, Bull, He, Dog, Cock etc
2Feminine (স্ত্রী লিঙ্গ)only femaleWoman, Cow, Hen, Girl, Queen, Actress etc.
3Common (উভয় লিঙ্গ)both male and femaleteacher, child, worker, friends, cousin, baby, neighbor , citizen, enemy etc. baby, bird, cat, cattle, companion, comrade, dancer, deer, friend, guardian, guest, infant, owner, parent, passenger, pig, president, pupil, relative, sheep, singer, student, swan, teacher etc.
4Neuter (ক্লীব লিঙ্গ)non- living thingsbook, table, pen, gold, School, rock etc.

Rules on changing Gender

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Rule 1 – কতগুলো noun এর ক্ষেত্রে সম্পূর্ণ ভিন্ন শব্দ ব্যবহার করে Feminine Gender করতে হয়। যেমন –

MasculineFeminineMasculineFeminine
FatherMotherbachelormaid/spinster
BrotherSisterbridegroombride
HusbandWifegrandfathergrandmother
KingQueennephewniece
FoxVixensondaughter
DogBitchuncleaunt
MaleFemalewizardwitch
UncleAuntpolicemanpolicewoman
WizardWitchfoxvixen
BullCowgandergoose
LordLadymanwoman
SirMadamdaddymummy
TailorSeamstressdadmum
PapaMammaczarczarina
boarsowbuckdoe
roosterhenstallionmare
drakeduckramewe
bullcowdukeduchess
bravesquawBoy ScoutGirl Guide
fiancefiancéegentlemanlady
governormatronheroheroine
millionairemillionairesMr.Mrs.
monknunladlass
malefemalelandlordlandlady
grandsongranddaughtermanservantmaidservant
donkey/ assjennycolt (young horse)filly
gandergoosedronebee
widowerwidowstaghind
wizardwitchsultansultana

 Rule 2 – কতগুলো noun এর শেষে “ess” যুক্ত করে Feminine Gender করতে হয়। যেমন–

MasculineFeminineMasculineFeminine
AuthorAuthoressPoetPoetess
BaronBaronessmurderermurderess
CountCountesshosthostess
HeirHeiressgodgoddess
PeerPeeressgiantgiantess
ProphetProphetessmanagermanageress
StewardStewardessmayormayoress
ManagerManageressshepherdshepherdess
GodGoddesstailortailoress
PriestPriestessleopardleopardess
HostHostessLionLioness
JewJewess 

Rule 3-কতগুলো   Masculine noun এর শেষের vowel তুলে দেয়ার পর উহাদের শেষে “ess” যোগ করে Feminine করতে হয়। যেমন – 

MasculineFeminineMasculineFeminine
ActorActresswaiterwaitress
ConductorConductressmastermistress
HunterHuntressemperorempress
InstructorInstructressauthorauthoress
Songster SongstressNegroNegress
TraitorTraitorsmurderermurderess
BenefactorBenefactressmonitormonitress
TigerTigressheadmasterheadmistress
Director directresspostmasterpostmistress
proprietorproprietressprotectorprotectress

Rule 4 – কিছু কিছু Masculine noun এর ক্ষেত্রে কিছুটা ব্যতিক্রমী ভাবে “ess” যুক্ত হয়। যেমন –

MasculineFeminineMasculineFeminine
AbotAbbessDukeDuchess
EmperorEmpressMasterMistress
MasterMissMrMrs
MurdererMurderess  

Rule 5 –  কিছু Masculine noun এর শেষে a, ine, ix  যুক্ত করে Feminine করতে হয়। যেমন –

MasculineFeminineMasculineFeminine
DonDonaSultanSultana
Signor SignoraProsecutorProsecutrix  
ExecutorExecutrixProprietorProprietrix
HeroHeroineadministratoradministratrix
 testatortestatrix

Rule 6 –Compound noun গুলোর পুরুষবাচক অংশটিকে Feminine করে।

প্রথম noun টিকে Feminine করে –

MasculineFeminineMasculineFeminine
Boy-babyGirl-babySon-in-lawDaughter-in-law
Bull-calfCow-calfBrother-in-lawSister-in-law
Billy-goatNanny-goatMale-servantFemale-servant
Man-servantMaid-servantMankindWomankind
Male-childFemale-childhe-wolfshe-wolf
she-goathe-goatbilly-goatnanny-goat
bull-sealcow-sealbull-whalecow-whale
cock-sparrowhen-sparrow  

পরের noun টিকে Feminine করে –

MasculineFeminineMasculineFeminine
FishermanFisherwomanGodfatherGodmother
GentlemanGentlewomanLandlordLandlady
peacockPeahenstepsonStepdaughter
stepbrotherStepsisterGreat-uncleGreat-aunt
GrandfatherGrandmotherwashermanwasherwoman
step-sonstep-daughterstep-fatherstep-mother
peacockpeahenpostmanpostwoman
turkey-cockturkey-henmilkmanmilkmaid

Rule 7- প্রকৃতিতে বিরাজমান বিভিন্ন প্রাণহীন সত্তাকে প্রাণবন্ত সত্ত্বারুপে গণ্য করলে উহাদের বিশেষ বিশেষ বৈশিষ্ট্য অনুসারে উহাদের Gender গণ্য করা হয়।

শক্তিশালী সত্ত্বাগুলোকে পুরুষবাচক বা  Masculine হিসেবে   গণ্য করা হয়। যেমন– sun, summer, winter, death, time, anger, war, thunder, fear, ইত্যাদি।

সৌন্দর্য, কোমলতা, স্নিগ্ধতার ন্যায় নারীসুলভ গুনের অধিকারী সত্ত্বাগুলোকে Feminine হিসেবে গণ্য করা হয়। যেমন– Moon, peace, hope, nature, earth, night, spring ইত্যাদি।

দেশ, রেলগাড়ি, জাহাজ সর্বদা Feminine হিসেবে গণ্য করা হয়।
যেমন
– The ship reflects her beauty.
– Our country lost her famous persons.

Rule 8-কিছু noun সর্বদা Feminine রুপে ব্যবহার হয়। এদের কোন Masculine নেই। যেমন – nurse, virgin, prude, serin, shrew ইত্যাদি।

Rule 9 –
আবার কতগুলো noun সর্বদা Masculine হিসেবে গণ্য করা হয়।এদের কোন Feminine নেই। যেমন – judge, chairman, knight, parson, captain.

Exercise

1. Arrange the following nouns in four groups – Masculine, Feminine, Common and Neuter. husband, nephew, he-goat, poet, lion, grandfather, duchess, charity, cock, monk, actor widower, god-father, porter, son-in-law, count, grandson, virgin, negress, king, abot, Mr. father, son, her, tiger, monarch, prince, hero, duke, maiden, slave, miss, water, princess, moon, cow, captain, people, cat.

2. Give the feminine forms of the following nouns:

male-servant, gentleman, pea-cock, prince, shepherd, horse, monk, boy, father, uncle, god, lion, tailor, cock, lad, male, master, hero, tutor, mankind

3. Give the masculine forms of the following nouns:

waitress, miss, sultana, administratix, bride, widow, she-goat, landlady, foster-mother, roe, bee, heiress, grand-daughter, cow-calf, cow, mother, wife, lady, niece, hind, witch, ewe, giantess, poetess, princess

4. Fill in the blanks with appropriate gender given in brackets.

(a) Akbar was an — emperor/empress)

(b) The — (bull/cow) gives us milk.

(c) The — (lion/lioness) has mane.

(d) Nazrul is a great — (poet/poetess).

(e) Mrs. Sabiha was the — (chairman/chairperson) of the meeting.

(f) Mrs. Islam is the — (headmaster/headmistress) of the school.

(g) The wife of the man died. He is a — (widow/widower).

(h) The — (bride/bridegroom) put on a beautiful saree.

(i) The son of a king is called a — (prince/princess).

(j) Amir Khan is a good — (actor/actress).

5. Fill in the blanks with appropriate gender given in brackets.

(a) He had many lands. He was a — (landlord/landlady).

(b) He milks his — (bull/cow) everyday.

(c) The — (tiger/tigress) gave birth two cubs.

(d) Sofia works as a — (man-servant/maid-servant).

(e) Sima is my — (nephew/niece).

(f) The name of his — (brother-in-law/sister-in-law) is Ashiq Hossain.

(g) Hanif is my — (brother/sister).

(h) Elizabeth II is the — (king/queen) of England.

(i) Tareq was a great Muslim — (hero/heroine).

(j) Her — (husband/wife) is a doctor.

6. Fill in the blanks with appropriate gender given in brackets.

(a) Liza works as a — (host/hostess) in Bangladesh Biman.

(b) Sakib was a famous (actor/actress).

(c) Kamal is a — (poet/poetess).

(d) The (dog/bitch) gave birth three puppies.

(e) Amin is a — (bachalor/maid).

(f) Rekha is a — (bachalor/maid).

(g) Susan is a — (monk/nun).

(h) The — (cock/hen) has four chickens.

(i) The name of his — (master/mistress) is Ali Ahmed.

(j) Zafar Iqbal is a famous — (author/authoress).

7. Fill in the blanks with appropriate gender given in brackets.

(a) His — (step brother/step sister), Suman is a teacher. (

(b) Victoria was the — (king/queen) of England

(c) (Prince/Princess) —— Diana died in an accident.

(d) Runa is the — (heir/heiress) of her father.

(e) The — (pea-cock/pea-hen) has feathers.

(f) Sultana Rajia is an (emperor/emperess).

(g) Our English — (sir/madam), Mr. Imran Hossain, is very fond of us.

(h) Most of the — (men/women) in our country stay at home.

(i) There is only one — (drone/bee) in a bee-hive.

(j)The — (gander/goose) has laid an egg.

8. Fill in the blanks with appropriate following gender.

hen, waiter, emperor, bride, actress, bitch, aunt, goddess, ladies, sisters

(a) The — has laid an egg.

(b) Rafiq is a — in a big hotel.

(c) The — reached the party late.

(d) Lipi, Liza and Runa are —.

(e) She is a famous —.

(f) The — has given birth two puppies.

(g)After the death of my uncle, my — took care of me.

(h) The ancient Greeks believed in gods and —.

(i) He addressed the audiences as — and gentlemen.

(j) Shajahan was an —.

9. Fill in the blanks with appropriate following gender.

lady, emperor, bridgegroom, heiress, prince, madam, Mrs, hero, husband, queen

(a) The — is doing her work sincerely.

(b) — Nasiruddin was very kind hearted.

(c) Both the bride and the — are known to me.

(d) He has no heir and —.

(e) Charles Philiph is the — of England.

(f) In Mrs. Jesmin is our favourite —.

(g) —, Sharmin was our guide.

(h) A — loves his country.

(i) A wife is faithful to her —.

(j) Cleopetra was the — of Egypt.

10. Fill in the blanks with appropriate gender given in the box.

milk-man, hunter, washerman, foster father, authoress, porter, songster, beggar, traitor, negro

(a) Jamir Ali is —. He washes clothes very nicely.

(b) Runa Laila is a famous —.

(c) Robi has no father. His — takes care of him.

(d) Rahim is a — of Kamalapur railway station.

(e) — prepares ghee, butter etc. from milk.

(f) Reya Begum is a —. She begs from door to door.

(g) Everybody loves a patriot and hates a —.

(h) The — of this book is Sofia Kamal.

(i) Uncle Tom was a — slave.

(j) My uncle is a —. Very often he goes to the Sunderbans for hunting.

11. Read the passage and change the genders of the underlined words.

Once I got an opportunity to visit national zoo with some (a) authors. Some (b) actors were also with us. My attention was drawn by the (c) stags. Then I saw a big (d) tiger in a cage. I felt very happy when I saw an Arabian (e) stallion. I became wondered seeing a very big (f) lion. It was the first time I saw a (g) pea-cock. I also saw (h) duck-rabbit, (i) buck and (j) cock Sparrow there.

12. Read the passage and change the genders of the underlined words.

My (a) sister is a (b) waitress in a hotel in Singapore. I went to visit (c) her with my (d) husband and (e) daughters. My (f) mother-in-law and two (g) sister-in-laws were with us. When we reached the the airport, we were looking for (h) porters but in vain. Anyhow we reached the hotel where we were welcomed by (i) my sister who introduced us to the (j) manager of the hotel.

Number

Abdullah

Defenition

In English grammar, number refers to the grammatical contrast between singular (the concept of one) and plural (more than one) forms of nouns, pronouns, determiners, and verbs.

Types of Number

1.       Singular number A singular noun is a word that indicates that there is only one person, animal place, thing, or idea.Example:- Book, Brother, Cow, Tree etc.
2.       Plural number A plural noun is a word that indicates that there is more than one person, animal place, thing, or idea.Example:- Books, Brothers, Cows, Trees etc.

Examples of Number

Although most English nouns form the plural by adding -s or -es to their singular forms, there are numerous exceptions. Below are examples of nouns, pronouns, adjectives, and verbs in the two number categories:

Word Type Number Category
Singular Example Plural Example
Noun cat, mouse cats, mice
Pronoun I, me, you, he, him, she, her, it we, us, you, they, them
Adjective this, that, a, an, my, your, his, her, its these, those, our, your, their
Verb am, is, was, has, I play, he plays Are, were, have, they play

Rules on changing Singular number to Plural Number

Rule 1: By suffixing s to the singular-noun.

Singular Plural Singular Plural
Cow  cows boat boats
Boy Boys toy toys
Girl Girls idea ideas
Cat Cats lion lions
House Houses house houses
Hand Hands cat cats
Eye Eyes river rivers
Tiger Tigers bug bugs
Desk Desks truck trucks
Run runs  Chair chairs 

Rule 2: By suffixing es to the singular-noun if a Singular noun ends with o, x, z, ss, sh, ch. 

Singular Plural Singular Plural
Bus Buses fox foxes
Class Classes beach beaches
Brush Brushes quizzes quiz
Bush Bushes wish wishes
Box Boxes pitch pitches
Brunch Brunches Bench benches 
Inch Inches Church churches 
Watch Watches Buffalo buffaloes 
Match matches Negro negroes
Hero heroes  Mango mangoes 
Echo echoes Potato potatoes 

Exceptional: In the case of singular nouns, if the pronunciation of the ending ‘ch’ sounds like ‘k’ instead of ‘ch’, we add only ‘s’ to make it plural instead of adding ‘es’. For example –

Singular Plural Singular Plural
Stomach Stomachs Monarch Monarchs
Patriarch Patriarchs    
   

Rule 3:  If the last letter of a singular noun is ‘o’ and the letter before it is a consonant, we add ‘es’ at the end to make the noun plural. For example –

Singular Plural Singular Plural
Mango Mangoes Cargo Cargoes
Potato Potatoes Volcano Volcanoes
Hero Heroes Buffalo Buffaloes
Negro Negroes    

Some nouns are exceptions where, despite ending with ‘o’ and having a consonant before the ‘o’, we add only ‘s’ to make them plural.

Singular Plural    
Photo Photos Momento momentos 
Solo Solos Dynamo dynamos 
Piano Pianos kilo kilos
Canto Cantos    

Rule 4: If a singular noun ends with ‘o’ and has a vowel before the ‘o’, we simply add ‘s’ to make it plural.

Singular Plural Singular Plural
Radio Radios Bamboo Bamboos
Cuckoo Cuckoos Studio Studios
Stereo Stereos    

Rule 5:  By changing the last letter y into ies.

Singular Plural Singular Plural
City Cities penny pennies
Baby Babies spy spies
Army Armies daisy daisies
Body Bodies family families
Hobby Hobbies party parties
Lady Ladies Story-stories   

However, if there is a vowel before ‘y’, then for singular nouns, we simply add ‘s’ to make them plural.

Singular Plural Singular Plural
Key Keys Boy Boys
Donkey Donkeys Toy Toys
Monkey Monkeys Day Days
Joy joys     

Rule 6: By changing f , ef or fe into ves.

Singular Plural Singular Plural
Calf Calves Knife knives 
Leaf Leaves Wolf wolves 
Wife Wives Shelf shelves 
Thief Thieves Life Lives

For exceptions, words that end with ‘ief’, ‘oof’, ‘ff’, ‘rf’, ‘if’, ‘eef’, ‘ife’, or ‘fe’ require adding only ‘s’ at the end to make them plural.

Singular Plural Singular Plural
Roof Roofs Belief Beliefs
Hoof Hoofs Chief chiefs 
Safe Safes Gulf gulfs 
Dwarf Dwarfs Proof proofs 
Cliff Cliffs Reef Reefs

Rule 7: By changing the inside vowel of the singular.

Singular Plural Singular Plural
Man Men Foot Feet
Woman Women Tooth Teeth
Mouse Mice Goose geese

Rule 8: By suffixing en to the singular.

Singular Plural Singular Plural
Ox Oxen Child Children
Brother Brethren    

Rule 9: By suffixing s to the main word or changing vowel in a compound noun.

Singular Plural Singular Plural
Brother-in-law Brothers-in-law Commander-in-chief commanders-in-chief 
Son-in-law Sons-in-law Man-servant men-servant 
Washer-man Washer-men Step-son Step-sons
Passer-by Passers-by Maid-servant Maid-servants

Rule 10: Compound nouns without a hyphen are made plural by simply adding ‘s’ at the end.

Singular Plural Singular Plural
Handful Handfuls Armchair Armchairs
Bookcase Bookcases Spoonful Spoonfuls

Rule 11: Several compound nouns are made plural by adding ‘s’ at the end.

Singular Plural Singular Plural
Man-servant Men-servants Woman-servant Women-servants
Lord-justice Lords-justices Knight-templar Knights-templars

Rule 12:  Some compound nouns require adding ‘s’ to the last noun in order to make them plural.

Singular Plural Singular Plural
Bookcase Bookcases Showcase Showcases
Inspector-general Inspector-generals Armchair Armchairs

Rule 13: Few nouns have the same forms both in singular and plural forms. 

Singular Plural Singular Plural
Sheep Sheep Dozen Dozen
Pair Pair Gross Gross
Swine Swine cod cod
Deer Deer fish fish
species species aircraft aircraft

Rule 14: Few collective nouns, though they are in singular forms, are used in plural forms.
Examples: poultry, people, cattle, gentry, public, vermin, majority, mankind.
Rule 15: Few common nouns, though they are in singular forms, are used in plural forms.
Examples: the rich, the poor, the virtuous, the pious.
The rich are not always happy.
The virtuous are blessed.
Rule 16: Special cases few nouns which end in s are used in singular form.
Examples: physics, mathematics, politics, economics, wages, athletics, news, innings optics, linguistics darts billiards statistics. etc

Mathematics is hard subject to me.
This news is is important. .
Rule 17: Few nouns are always used in plural forms.
Examples: Furniture, alphabet, brick, business, hair, information, scenery, machinery, beard, issue, poetry, progress, money, abuse, expenditure, baggage. Mumps, measles,  billiards, draughts,. trousers, drawers , spectacles, scissors
Her hair is very black.
Money is not a matter.
Rule 18:To make letters, numbers, or symbols plural, an apostrophe (’) is used.
– There are five M.A’s in our village.
– Add four 3’s and five 2’s.
Rule 19: Few nouns have different meanings in the singular and in the plural:

Singular             

Plural

Singular             

Plural

Advice (counsel)

Advices (information) 

Good (morally correct)

goods (merchandise) 

Wood (portion of tree)

woods (a grove of trees) 

Force (strength)

forces (troops) 

Physic (medicine)

physics (a branch of science) 

Sand (বালি)

Sands (desert) 

Air (atmosphere)

airs (artificial manners) 

Physic (medicine)

physics (a branch of science) 

Custom (habit)

customs (habits & taxes collected on imports 

Quarter (one fourth & a direction)

quarters (fourth parts, living places & directions) 

Effect (result)

effects (results & property) 

 

 

Rule 20. Few nouns have two different forms in plural. But the two forms have different meanings. 

Singular Plural Plural
Brother Brothers (sons of same parents) Brethren (members of a society) 
Cloth Cloths (pieces of cloth) Clothes (items of cloth) 
Fish Fish (more than one of same variety) Fishes (of different varieties) 
Genius Geniuses (persons of great talent) Genii (spirits)
Index Indexes (tables of contents) Indices (signs used in algebra) 
     

Rule 21: Material nouns generally do not have a plural form.

Example: water, sugar, iron, cooper, oil, silver, wood.
Rule 22: abstract nouns do not have a plural form either. 

Example: kindness, hope, charity, love, honesty.   

Rule 23:.Letters, numbers and other symbols form their plural by adding an apostrophe ands.
Examples: Write your i’s and l’s clearly.
Add two 8’s and six 4’s.

Note the use of foreign plurals

Singular

Plural

Singular

Plural

Agendum

Agenda

Curriculum

Curricula

Erratum

Errata

Memorandum

memoranda

Axis

Axes

Crisis

Crises

Index

 indices

Terminus

termini/ terminuses

Analysis

Analyses

Focus

Focuses /foci

Basis

bases

Hypothesis

hypotheses

Criterion

criteria

Formula

Formulas /formulae

cactus

cacti

Cherub

cherubim/ cherubs

Medium

Media

Oasis

Oases

Parenthesis

parentheses

fungus

fungi

Radius

Radii

Genus

Genera

nucleus

nuclei

syllabus

syllabi/syllabuses

Forum

Forums

analysis

analyses

diagnosis

diagnoses

thesis

theses

datum

data

phenomenon

phenomena

Stratum

Strata

Appendix

Appendixes/appendices

Alumnus

Lumni

Medium

Media

Bacterium

Bacteria

Stimulus

Stimuli

 

Exercises

 1. Give the plural number of the following

branch, tomato, monarch, knife, monkey story, box, stomach, house, boy, army, hero, photo, roof, hoof potato, cuckoo, bamboo, mango, mosquito, dish, man-of-war, woman, ox, salesman, Musalman, fisherman, German, brother-in-law, maid servant, servant, man servant, major-general, bookcase, handful, spoonful, party, scarf, analysis, agendum, bandit, basis, Mr., Mrs., crises, phenomenon

2. Give the singular number of the following:

asses, dishes, monarchs, flies, leaves, babes, wives, mangoes, studies, pionos, heroes, staffs, Chiefs, feet, geese, mice, oxen, lice, boatmen, brahamans, spoonfuls, step brothers, fathers in-law, lords-justices, men-servants, book-cases

3. Give the opposite number of the following:

loaves, bus, bones, days, cliff, radio, foot, workmen, Norman, passer-by, commanders-in-chief, memorandum, criterian, data, hypothesis, these fez, key

4. Give the correct number of the nouns in the brackets.

(a) The girl lost all her — (tooth).

(b) The green — (leaf) look fresh.

(c) He has two — (brother-in-law).

(d) He bought ten —- (sheep).

(e) He has one — (maid-servants).

(f)The — (passer-by) were looking at the sky.

(g)Local — (buses) does not run fast.

(h) A — (lice) fell from her head.

(i) The cat killed two — (mouse).

(j) Seven — (fox) are grazing in the field.

5. Give the correct number of the nouns in the brackets

(a) (Fly) — sit on uncovered food.

(b) The — (baby) are crying.

(c) The — (day) have become shorter.

(d) The — (women) in the room is my sister.

(e) The — (lady) in the club are gossiping.

(f) (Child) — are playing.

(g) (Herd) — are always welcome.

(h) The — (woman) of our country are poor.

(i) The — (boatmen) is taking rest.

(j) (Mango) — are not available.

6. Change the following sentences into singular

(a) Roses are flowers.

(b) Do are animals

(c) Houses are shelters

(d) Nouns are the names of things

(e) Dogs have tail.

(f) Soldiers carry guns 

(g) The workers are clearing the floors.

7. Change the following sentences into singular.

(a) These oranges are very sweet.

(b) Those mangoes are not ripe.

(c) Three boys were present yesterday.

(d) Good children are liked by all.

(e) There are ten geese in the pond.

(f) Some women are waiting at the station.

(g) Many boatmen are sailing their boats in the sea.

(h) Some oxen are found in the field.

(i) Mosquitoes are insects.

(j) Babies are playing with their toys.

8. Change the following sentences into singular.

(a) The brave are heroes.

(b) The guests were narrating their stories.

(c) Our friends send us letters.

(d) Many women are garment workers.

(e) Asses carry loads.

(f) Lions are ferocious animals.

(g) Owls are nocturnal birds.

(h) Children like toys.

(i) Fishermen catch fishes.

(j) Nurses serve patients.

9. Change the following sentences into plural.

(a) There is a deer on the hill side.

(b) This sheep is white.

(c) That bookcase is made of wood.

(d) He has caught a fish.

(e) I am going to pay the workman.

(f) My school is big.

(g) He is a school boy.

(h) This woman has an umbrella.

(i) This is a boy.

(j) That is a big house.

10. Change the following sentences into plural.

(a) I saw a man sleeping.

(b) This is the boy whose pen is lost.

(c) This is a woman.

(d) A cow is a useful animal.

(e) Chair is made of wood.

(f) Loaf is made from flour.

(g) Chair is made of wood.

(h) A cat is under my table.

(i) A horse is useful to farmers.

(j) A noun is the name of a thing.

11. Choose the correct number in brackets.

(a) More than one — (singer/singers) sang beautiful songs.

(b) I always use — (spectacle/ spectacles).

(c) His — (circumstance/circumstances) are good.

(d) Spare — (part/parts) are sold in the market.

(e) I bought three — (dozen/dozens) oranges.

(f) He addressed all — (lady/ladies) present there.

(g) I bought five — (kilo/kilos) meat.

(h) There are many — (wolf/wolves) in the zoo.

(i) The old man has not a single — (tooth/teeth).

(j) He divided the mangoes into two — (hall/halves).

12. Choose the correct number in brackets.

(a) The police arrested all the — (thief/thieves).

(b) (That/those) — trees are very tall.

(c) I like to wear ready-made — (trouser/trousers).

(d) The (brother/brothers) — of the club are very co-operative.

(e) The (salesman/salesmen) — in this shop are very skilled.

(f) His (step-brother/step-brothers) — like him very much.

(g) (Bamboo/Bamboos) — are used for various purposes.

(h) (Baby/Babies) — usually like to play with toys.

(i) Seven (day/days) — make a week.

(j) (Hero/Heroes) — are respected by all.

13. Give the correct number of the nouns in the brackets.

(a) The — (wage) of sin is death.

(b) There are many — (fox) in this jungles.

(c) (Potato) — grow plenty in Bangladesh.

(d) His shop is full of — (piano).

(e) All the — (chief) met together.

(f) He used to tell me many — (story).

(g) Beware of — (fly).

(h) The old man has two — (wise).

(i) Meghna is the deepest — (river) in Bangladesh.

(j) The Padma is one of the biggest — (river) in Bangladesh.

14. Use the right form of nouns in the brackets.

(a) (Child) — like sweets. (b) (Baby) — love toys.

(c) The farmer has five — (sheep).

(d) The hunter killed three — (deer).

(e) He bought two dozen of — (pen).

(f) Ten — (mile) is a long way.

(g) She will draw some — (picture).

(h) He has six — (ox).

(i) There are three —– (knife) on the table.

(j) He lost all his — (tooth).

15. Use the right form of nouns in the brackets.

(a) The green — (leaf) look beautiful.

(b) He has five — (man-servant) in his house.

(c) A large number of  — (people) have gathered.

(d) Every — (babies) has a toy.

(e) The furniture is made of — (woods).

(f) — (lice) fell from her head.

(g) There are some — — (boatman) in the river.

(h) A few — (passer-by) are crossing the road.

(i) He has sold all his — (furnitures).

(j) Both of his — (foot) are injured.

Noun

Abdullah

Noun

 Definition: Nouns name a person, place, thing, quality, action or ideas.

 Classification of Noun

a. Abstract noun (can’t be perceived with five senses)

Feelings

anxiety, confusion, fear, pain, pleasure, 

satisfaction, stress, sympathy, warmth

States

being, peace, chaos, openness, freedom, 

liberty, luxury, misery, nervousness, pessimism

Emotions

anger, despair, happiness, hate, indifference, 

joy, grief, love, sadness, sorrow

Qualities

Beauty, brilliance, courage, dedication, 

determination, generosity, honesty, patience, trust

Concepts

charity, comfort, culture, deceit, energy,

failure, faith, motivation, opportunity

Ideas

beliefs, communication, curiosity, friendship, 

interest, knowledge, thought, wisdom

Events

adventure, birthday, career, childhood, 

future, holiday, life, marriage, past

 

b. Concrete noun (can be perceived with five senses)

Shilon, Dhaka, river, tree, water, class, boy, tree, cloud

 

Classification of Concrete Noun

1. Proper noun (name of a particular person, place or thing)

It always starts with a capital letter.

Example: Borna, Biplob, Satkhira, Padma, Bangladesh, Mitu

2. Common noun (same class or kind)

Example: girl, boy, city, river, country, man, woman, poet, table, book, window, mother, father, baby, child, toddler, teenager, grandmother, student, teacher, minister, businessperson, lion, tiger, bear, dog, cat, alligator, cricket, bird, wolf, table, truck, book, pencil, computer, coat, boots, city, state, country, continent, restaurant, park, zoo

3. Collective noun (a collection of people or things)

Example: class, army, police, gang, crowd, cattle, flock, family, committee, corporation, faculty, audience, band, bunch, group, team, pack, staff, regiment, tribe, board, panel, herd

4. Material noun (a material or substance)

Example: Jute, rice, paper, milk, wood, iron, gold silver, cotton, diamond, plastic, calcium, fibre, egg, meat, honey, silk, leather, wool

5. Countable noun (can be counted)

Example: dog, cat, animal, man, person, bottle, movie, train, toy, car, bus

6. Uncountable noun (can’t be counted)

Example: tea, sugar, water, air, rice, work, information, coffee, sand, food, music, knowledge, beauty, anger, fear, love, money, research, safety, evidence advice, progress, news, luck, fun, work, water, rice, cement, gold, milk, weather, thunder, lightning, rain, snow, furniture, equipment, rubbish, luggage, accommodation, baggage, homework, knowledge, money, permission, research, traffic, travel

7. Possessive noun (shows something belongs to or is part of it) add apostrophe (‘s) after a noun to make its possessive form

Example: This is Mintu’s bike. These are men’s wear. Are we going to Jamil’s party? This is my children’s room. He is Rana’s friend. She is Priya’s mother.

8. Compound noun (nouns made up of more than one word)

Example: court-martial, pickpocket, water bottle, coffee shop, policeman, boyfriend, water, tank, dining table, bedroom, rainfall, motorcycle, greenhouse, overthrow, input, drawback, swimming pool, driving licence, washing machine

9. Singular noun (a noun for one person, place, thing, or idea)

Example: a teacher, a state, a factory, a faith, day, tax, taxi, lady, mountain

10. Plural noun (a noun for more than one person, place, thing, or idea)

Example: teachers, states, factories, days, taxes, taxis, mountains, students, readers, pens, books,

 

Exercises

Identify noun from the following sentences.

  1. He is the person to see.
  2. John started to run.
  3. Plato was an influential Greek philosopher.
  4. Sharon admires her grandfather.
  5. The theory of relativity is an important concept.
  6. The restaurant is open.
  7. Let’s go to the beach.
  8. Throw the ball.
  9. Please close the door and lock it.
  10. Love is a wonderful emotion.
  11. The age of my daughter is three.
  12. The air is quite clear today.
  13. His anger knows no limits.
  14. I’m not sure of the name of that animal over there in that cage.
  15. He provided an excellent answer to my question.
  16. I love a good red apple after dinner.
  17. This area is intended for recreation.
  18. Money doesn’t grow on trees.
  19. Follow the rules.
  20. He put his arm out for inspection.
  21. It would be difficult to live without art.
  22. One of the smallest elements is the atom.
  23. The lamp sits on a table next to the sofa.
  24. She put her baby into its crib.
  25. I turned my back on that outrageous man.
  26. He hit the ball out of the park.
  27. The band played until three in the morning.
  28. The bank closes at three in the afternoon.
  29. Let’s go to the bar and get a beer.
  30. He works at the base on the other side of town.
  31. If you look up there you can see a bat flying between the trees.
  32. The bear is a dangerous but playful animal.
  33. The countryside is splendid in its beauty.
  34. He rang the bell to signal the end of class.
  35. Do you know the name of that bird on that branch?
  36. Could you hand me that bit for this drill?
  37. He picked up the block of wood and began to work on it.
  38. The dog barked at the cat.
  39. Elephants never forget.
  40. It is my favorite horse.
  41. Look at the blood on the floor! What’s happened?
  42. My mother looks a lot like my grandmother, and I look very much like them.
  43. He received a mighty blow from his opponent in the boxing match.
  44. He bought a new boat for his birthday.
  45. He left the body at the side of the road.
  46. I found a prehistoric bone in the desert.
  47. You should read this book!
  48. You will find the coin at the bottom of the lake.
  49. I put the extra clothes into that box.
  50. Do you see that boy over there?
  51. There is a bird on that branch.
  52. Could you get some bread when you go to the supermarket?
  53. I’ll take a five minutes break and then get back to work.
  54. My brother lives in Seattle.
  55. Give me a call when you arrive.
  56. I set up camp at the edge of the wood.
  57. The captain told his crew to raise the sail.
  58. He drove his car very fast.
  59. Do you usually speak to him like that?

Underline the nouns in the following sentences and state their kind.

  1. The book was lying on the table.
  2. Love begets love.
  3. We cannot live without water.
  4. The jury has given its verdict.
  5. The Hindus regard Krishna as an incarnation of Lord Vishnu.
  6. Alcohol is injurious to health.
  7. Smoking is a bad habit.
  8. Wild animals live in forests.
  9. The childhood of Peter was full of misery.
  10. All the girls were singing.
  11. Gold is a precious metal.
  12. Rice is the staple food of South Indians.
  13. The earth moves round the sun.
  14. Mankind should love nature.
  15. We get wool from sheep.

Answers

  1. The book was lying on the table. (book – common noun; table – common noun)
  2. Love begets love. (love – abstract noun)
  3. We cannot live without water. (water – material noun)
  4. The jury has given its verdict. (jury – collective noun; verdict – abstract noun)
  5. The Hindus regard Krishna as an incarnation of Lord Vishnu. (Hindus – proper noun; Krishna – proper noun; incarnation – common noun; Vishnu – proper noun)
  6. Alcohol is injurious to health. (alcohol – material noun; health – abstract noun)
  7. Smoking is a bad habit. (habit – abstract noun)
  8. Wild animals live in forests. (animals – common noun; forests – common noun)
  9. The childhood of Peter was full of misery. (childhood – abstract noun; Peter – proper noun; misery – abstract noun)
  10. All the girls were singing. (girls – common noun)
  11. Gold is a precious metal. (Gold – material noun; metal – common noun)
  12. Rice is the staple foodof South Indians. (rice – material noun; food – common noun; Indians – proper noun)
  13. The earth moves round the sun. (earth – common noun; sun – common noun)
  14. Mankind should love nature. (mankind – collective noun; nature – common noun)
  15. We get woolfrom sheep. (wool – material noun; sheep – common noun)

 

    Exercises on Transformation for Class 8

    Abdullah

    Change the following sentences as directed in the brackets.

    1. (a) Don’t look down upon the poor. (Passive) (b) Suddenly I noticed a very nice deer. (Interrogative) (c) It only remained sleeping. (Negative) (d) What a sound sleep it slept! (Assertive) (e) A deer is found nowhere but in the zoo now. (Affirmative)
    2. (a) Hazi Mohammad Mohsin was a very kind man. (Make it a negative sentence) (b) He inherited vast property from his father and sister. (Make it an interrogative sentence) (c) He was not married. (Make it an affirmative sentence) (d) During his lifetime, he spent money lavishly to help the poor. (Make it a passive sentence) (e) He was very generous. (Make it an exclamatory sentence)
    3. (a) Bangladeshi cuisine is full of variety. (Make it an interrogative sentence) (b) We use different spices to make our food tasty. (Make it passive sentence) (c) We like Bangladeshi food very much. (Make it a negative sentence) (d) Let us take Bangladeshi food. (Make it an assertive sentence) (e) Bangladeshi food is very appetizing. (Make it an exclamatory sentence)
    4. (a) Rana is a regular student. (Make it a negative sentence) (b) He is a very hard working man. (Make it an interrogative sentence) (c) He never comes to the class late. (Make it an affirmative) (d) He makes good results in all exams. (Make it an interrogative sentence) (e) Teachers love it very much. (Make it a passive sentence)
    5. (a) Who does not know the name of Hazi Mohammad Mohsin? (Assertive) (b) He was unmarried. (Make it negative) (c) He was born in Hoogly. (Make it negative interrogative) (d) He is respected everywhere. (Make it Active) (e) I wish I were Hazi Mohammad Mohsin. (exclamatory)
    6. Bangladesh is a land of rivers. (a) The Padma is a big river in Bangladesh. (Make it an exclamatory sentence) (b) It is called the river of destruction. (Make it an active) (c) The river is very turbulent. (Make it a negative sentence) (d) Everybody knows this. (Make it an interrogative sentence) (e) Tourists from home and abroad visit its shore. (Make it passive)
    7. (a) Cricket is a very exciting game. (Make it interrogative) (b) People enjoy this game. (Make passive) (e) It is a very costly game. (Make it negative) (d) Nobody dislikes it. (Make it affirmative) (e) I wish I could play it. (Make it exclamatory)
    8. (a) Tree plantation is an important task. (Negative) (b) It is not a difficult task. (interrogative) (c) People cannot but plant trees for their existence. (Affirmative) (d) An important role is played by trees. (Active) (e) Trees are very important in our life. (Exclamatory)
    9. (a) Cricket is a very exciting game. (Exclamatory) (b) People of all ages like this game. (Passive) (c) It is a very popular game in our country. (Negative) (d) How enjoyable the game is! (Assertive) (e) Everybody knows this. (Interrogative)
    10. (a) Acid throwing is a very heinous act. (Exclamatory) (b) Everyone hates it. Interrogative) (c) It is not a human act. (Affirmative) (d) The acid throwers should be punished. (Active) (e) We must become aware of it. (Negative)
    11. (a) None can prosper in life without Industry. (Interrogative) (b) The idle always lag behind. (Negative) (c) Hard work is very essential to succeed in life. (Exclamatory) (d) A hard working person can see the light of prosperity. (Passive) (e) We cannot but work hard to be established in life. (Affirmative)
    12. Frugality is a good habit. (Negative) (b) A frugal man does not like to spend money without reasons. (Affirmative) (c) We should practise it. (Passive) (d) He can save money. (Interrogative) (e) He leads a happy life. (Exclamatory)
    13. Riad is a very industrious boy. (Exclamatory) (b) He is sincere in his duties. (Negative) (c) He does not put off work for tomorrow. (Interrogative) (d) He finishes his duties in time. (Passive) (e) Nobody hates him. (Affirmative)
    14. Ruplal lived in a small village. (a) He lived with his family. (Interrogative) (b) Ruplal wanted peaceful life. (Passive) (c) The village people were very quarrelsome. (Exclamatory) (d) Ruplal’s life was not peaceful in the jungle. (Interrogative) (e) Ruplal took only a bag with him. (Negative)
    15. (a) Cricket is a very exciting game. (Exclamatory) (b) People of all ages enjoy this game. (Passive) (c) Cricket is a very costly game. (Negative) (d) Nobody dislikes a cricketer. (Affirmative) (e) Would that I could be a great cricketer! (Assertive)
    16. (a) Jubair and Saad are two brothers. (Interrogative) (b) They never miss their classes. (Affirmative) (c) The weak students are always helped by them. (Active) (d) They are always obedient to their teachers and parents. (Negative) (e) They want to become famous personalities in the world. (Interrogative)
    17. (a) We are proud of our freedom fighters. (Interrogative) (b) Their contribution will never be forgotten. (Affirmative) (c) Today many freedom fighters lead a very miserable life. (Exclamatory) (d) Their allowances should be increased. (Active) (e) We should regard their sacrifice. (Negative)
    18. (a) Email is a very popular way to send messages and data to other people. (Interrogative) (b) Who does not know this? (Affirmative) (c) It is a very easy system to operate. (Exclamatory) (d) It takes only a few seconds to transmit a message. (Negative) (e) Now people use it commercially. (Passive)
    19. (a) Bangladesh is a very beautiful country. (Exclamatory) (b) It has a small land area. (Negative) (c) Its density of population is too high. (Interrogative) (d) We face many problems due to overpopulation. (Passive) (e) Can’t we overcome this problem? (Assertive)
    20. (a) Who has not heard the name of the Padma? (Assertive) (b) It is called the river of destruction. (Active) (c) The river is very turbulent. (Negative) (d) It assumes a very terrible shape in the rainy season. (Exclamatory) (e) Everybody knows this. (Interrogative)
    21. (a) Trees are our best friends (Negative). (b) They are a great source of food and vitamins (Interrogative). (c) Various kinds of fruits are given by them (Active). (d) We use them for various purposes (Passive). (e) We should develop the habit of reading books (Imperative).
    22. (a) A book is our best friend (Negative). (b) It delights us (Interrogative). (c) It is also not costly. (Affirmative) (d) Who does not like a book? (Assertive) (e) Every student should go through many good books. (Passive)
    23. (a) My friend invited me to pay a visit to Cox’s Bazar. (Interrogative) (b) I gladly accepted the invitation. (Passive) (c) My friend received me cordially. (Interrogative) (d) I was very glad to see the seabeach. (Exclamatory) (e) What a memorable journey it was in my life! (Assertive)
    1. (a) By reading books, we can enrich our minds (Negative). (b) Books contain noble thoughts of great men (Interrogative). (c) Some books give us immense pleasure (Passive). (d) Don’t you know about e-books? (Assertive). (e) We should cultivate the habit of reading books. (Imperative)
    2. (a) The idle only curse their fate (Passive). (b) They can improve their condition by working hard (Interrogative). (c) Everybody dislikes an idle man (Negative). (d) An idle student is never punctual to attend his classes (Affirmative). (e) We should be industrious to be successful in life. (Imperative)
    3. (a) Everybody works hard to gain his object (Negative). (b) Life is nothing but a struggle (Interrogative): (c) Who does not want to succeed in life? (Assertive) (d) Industry brings success. (Passive) (e) Without being industrious, we cannot prosper in life (Affirmative).
    4. (a) The bee is a very industrious insect (Negative). (b) It flies from flower to flower to collect honey (Interrogative). (c) In winter, it does not remain active (Affirmative). (d) Man can learn a good lesson from the bee (Passive). (e) We should follow the life of a bee (Imperative).
    5. Bangladesh is a land of rivers. (a) The Padma is a very big river (Negative). (b) It is called the river of destruction. (Active) (c) The river is not calm and quiet at all. (Affirmative) (d) Everybody knows this. (Interrogative) (e) Tourists from home and abroad visit its shore. (Passive)
    6. (a) Computer is a very useful thing (Negative). (b) Every student needs computer (Passive). (c) It is a very great invention of modern science. (Exclamatory) (d) It was not invented overnight. (Active)
    7. Mr Jamal leads a simple life (a) What a wise man Mr Jamal is! (Assertive) (b) He is sincere (Negative). (c) He leads a simple life. (interrogative) (d) Nobody dislikes him (Affirmative). (e) We should follow him (Passive).
    8. (a) Iron is a very useful metal (Exclamatory). (b) It is used for construction purpose. (Active) (c) Bangladesh imports iron (Interrogative). (d) It is a heavy metal (Negative). (e) There is no building without iron. (Affirmative)
    9. (a) Mr Abdur Rahman is the oldest man in our village (Negative). (b) But he is a wise man in our area (Exclamatory). (c) He always gets up early. (Affirmative without changing meaning). (e) He is always respected by all. (Active)
    10. (a) Day-to-day life in the city is expensive (Negative). (b) The poor people lead a miserable life (Exclamatory). (c) Price hike is a major problem for them (Negative). (d) Some greedy businessmen are responsible for price spiral (Interrogative). (e) The government has taken necessary measures to keep the price hike under control (Passive).
    11. (a) We should receive education (Imperative). (b) The nation needs worthy citizens (Interrogativel (c) They will remove illiteracy and corruption from the country (Interrogative). (d) Education is very important to remove illiteracy (Exclamatory). (e) Education is the only way to develop our country (Negative).
    12. (a) Corruption is a curse to our nation (Negative). (b) It is a very dreadful problem for a nation . (Exclamatory) (c) It prevails in every walk of our life (Interrogative). (d) It paralyses the whole nation (Passive). (e) We cannot but stand against corruption (Affirmative).
    13. (a) Traffic jam is a common affair in big cities and towns (Interrogative). (b) It is a major problem. (Exclamatory) (c) The causes of traffic jam are many (Negative). (d) Drivers are not willing to obey the traffic rules (Affirmative). (e) We should solve this problem as soon as possible (Imperative).
    14. (a) Mobile phone is very essential (Interrogative). (b) It is very easy to operate (Exclamatory). (C) It is very useful in the field of communication (Negative). (d) It is not expensive (Affirmative). (e) There is no alternative to mobile phone in communication (Interrogative).
    15. (a) Dhaka is a big city (Negative). (b) It is a thickly populated city (Interrogative). (C) Here life is not easy (Affirmative). (d) Price hike is a major problem (Negative). (e) The city people lead a very miserable life (Exclamatory).
    16. (a) What an exciting game cricket is! (Assertive). (b) People of all ages like this game (Interrogative). (c) It is a popular game in our country (Negative). (d) The game is very enjoyable (Exclamatory). (e) I am fond of watching cricket match (Interrogative).
    17. (a) Television is a wonderful invention of modern science (Interrogative). (b) It plays a very important role in our life (Exclamatory). (c) It both entertains and educates us (Negative). h (d) Distance learning is also done through it (Interrogative). (e) But it is not totally free from evil effects (Affirmative).
    18. (a) Modern science has created wonders (Passive). (b) We should get a lot of opportunities for it (Imperative). (c) Far off places have come closer for it (Negative). (d) It is a very important part of our life (Exclamatory) (e) We have to keep the good and give up the bad (Interrogative).
    1. (a) Mohammad Muhsin was a kind man (Negative). (b) He was a great man (Exclamatory). (c) He inherited vast property from his father and sister (Interrogative). (d) He did not marry (Affirmative). (e) He spent money to help the poor (Passive).
    2. (a) Have you ever heard the name of the poet Kazi Nazrul Islam? (Assertive) (b) He was a very renowned poet in Bangla literature (Exclamatory). (c) His poetic works were full of patriotism and optimism (Negative). (d) He inspired the people to fight for independence (Passive). (e) Were I a great poet like Nazrul! (Assertive)
    3. (a) A farmer had a wonderful goose (Interrogative). (b) The farmer became very happy to have the wonderful goose (Negative). It laid a golden egg every day. (c) The farmer was very excited to see the golden egg. (Exclamatory) (d) He sold the eggs in the market (Passive). Gradually he became rich. (e) But the farmer was not honest enough to have all the eggs in a day (Affirmative).
    4. (a) Frugality is a good habit (Negative). (b) A frugal man does not like to spend money without reasons (Affirmative). (c) We should practise it (Passive). (d) A frugal man can save money. (Interrogative) (e) Let us try to lead a frugal life (Assertive).
    5. (a) Bangladesh is full of natural resources (Interrogative). (b) She has the largest network of rivers (Negative). (c) They have a total length of 24140 kilometres (Interrogative). (d) It is a very important source of our national economy (Exclamatory). (e) I love my country (Passive).
    1. (a) Most of the drivers of our country are illiterate (Negative). (b) They do not follow the traffic rules. (Passive) (c) The traffic police on duty do not perform their duties sincerely (Affirmative). (a) Traffic jam is a very serious problem in our country (Exclamatory). (e) We should take steps to solve this problem as soon as possible (Imperative).
    2. (a) Learning a language is similar to riding a bicycle. (Negative) (b) Communication is a very important thing about any language. (Exclamatory) (c) We should communicate with others using a language. (Imperative) (d) It can be learnt through mistake. (Active) (e) People should not laugh when others make mistakes. (Affirmative)
    3. (a) Acid throwing is considered to be a very heinous crime. (Exclamatory) (b) It is not a human act. (Affirmative) (c) The problem can be solved slowly. (Active) (d) We should solve the problem. (Imperative) (e) The government has already made law for the punishment of the acid throwers. (Passive)
    4. (a) Cox’s Bazar is the longest seabeach in the world. (Negative) (b) Everyone knows this. (Passive) (c) Tourists come from home and abroad and visit the beach. (Imperative) (d) They come here to enjoy themselves. (Interrogative) (e) Our government should take some steps to make it more attractive. (Passive)
    5. (a) Columbus was a very famous discoverer. (Exclamatory) (b) He passed his early life in sorrow. (Negative) (c) He should become a sailor in his boyhood. (Imperative)(d) He went to many parts of Europe and Africa. (Interrogative) (e) He learnt many things about them. (Passive)
    6. (a) The Taj Mahal is a great wonder of the world (Interrogative). (b) Shah Jahan, the Mughal Emperor, built it (Passive). After so many years, its beauty remains unchanged. (c) It is certainly a masterpiece of architecture (Interrogative). (d) It is an incomparable creation (Negative). (e) It looks very shining on the Jamuna (Exclamatory).
    1. (a) Waterlogging is a major problem of Dhaka city (Negative). (b) People suffer a lot for waterlogging Interrogative). (c) This problem must be addressed properly (Active). (d) What a miserable life we lead in the rainy season! (Assertive). (e) We cannot but go with this problem (Affirmative).
    2. (a) Everybody celebrates Pahela Boishakh (Negative). (b) People spend the whole day with much enjoyment (Interrogative). (c) They look very cheerful (Exclamatory). (d) Not only the young but also the old attend Boishakhi Mela (Affirmative). (e) People forget their miseries for the time being (Passive)
    3. (a) English is a widely used language (Interrogative). (b) It is spoken all over the world (Active). (c) By learning English, we can prosper (Negative). (d) It is very badly needed by the students (Exclamatory) (e) So, every student should try to have efficiency in it (Imperative).
    4. (a) Mobile phone is a very wonderful gift of modern science. (Interrogative) (b) What a new dimension it has added to our life! (Assertive) (c) It works without any wire. (Interrogative) (d) It can be moved easily and quickly from place to place (Active). (e) The popularity of mobile phone is ever on increase (Negative).
    5. (a) Bangladesh is an overpopulated country (Interrogative). (b) Farmers are living in the villages (Negative). (c) They are not rich (Affirmative). (d) They work hard to support themselves (Interrogative). (e) We should take care of them (Passive).
    6. (a) Cricket is a very exciting game (Exclamatory). (b) People of all ages love this game (Passive). (c) Cricket is now a very popular game in our country (Interrogative). (d) Cricket is a very costly game (Interrogative). (e) In Bangladesh its standard is not high (Affirmative).
    7. (a) Singapore is a very busy city (Exclamatory). (b) Hotel Raffle is a famous one in Singapore (Negative). (c) Millions of people visit Singapore every year (Interrogative). (d) Many people do not hate foreign food (Passive). (e) The people of Singapore are very well behaved (Negative).
    8. (a) The birds that come to our country in winter are called migratory birds (Interrogative). (b) In winter the weather is so cold for them to live in the north (Negative). (c) They find the best shelter in Bangladesh (Imperative). (d) We must protect them (Passive). (e) Migratory birds run faster than the dove (Negative).
    1. (a) But at last God took pity on him. (Negative). (b) One day the old sailor was watching the water snakes swimming round the ship. (Interrogative). (c) He was filled with a strange wonder (Imperative). (d) Then he did not feel any cruelty for them (Passive). (e) The old man fell into a deep sleep. (Negative)
    2. (a) A healthy man is a happy one (Negative). (b) A healthy man is an asset to his family (Interrogative) (c) An unhealthy man cannot overcome many problems (Passive). (d) Can’t he succeed in life? (Affirmative) (e) Everybody must be conscious of health. (Negative)
    3. (a) Robert Frost lives in a small apartment in the capital city Toronto (Interrogative). (b) His wife Catherine loves gardening (Negative). (c) Toronto is a very expensive city (Exclamatory). (d) His relatives don’t realize the high cost of living in Toronto (Passive). (e) He should love his relatives. (Imperative)
    4. (a) Pahela Boishakh is undoubtedly the most celebrated festival in Bangladesh (Interrogative), (b) It is the day of the year when the roads get so jam-packed. (Negative). (c) Almost everyone enjoys the day in his own way (Imperative). (d) I hate gathering (Passive). (e) How enthusiastic the people look on this day! (Assertive)
    5. (a) We don’t usually see cuckoo near the human habitats (Passive). (b) In summer it sings night and day (Interrogative) (c) The crows are very cunning (Exclamatory). (d) But the cuckoo is very simple-minded (Negative). (e) How interesting the fact of cuckoo’s laying egg in the nest of the crow is! (Assertive)
    6. (a) Pollution today is a major problem (Negative). (b) But nobody is aware of it (Interrogative). (c) Its importance cannot be described in words (Active). (d) Fresh air is necessary for existence (Negative). (e) There is no living thing but needs pure air (Affirmative).
    7. The bee is the ideal of industry, unity and discipline. (a) The bee is a very industrious insect. (Negative) (b) It is very active and punctual. (Exclamatory) (c) It flies from flower to flower to collect honey. (Interrogative) (d) It works only in winter. (Negative) (e) We should follow the life of a bee (Passive)
    8. Cox’s Bazar sea beach is the longest sea beach in the world. (a) It is very attractive tourist destination. (Exclamatory) (b) Many people come to visit this sea beach every year. (Interrogative) (c) They enjoy the beauty of nature. (Passive) (d) Many photographs are taken by them. (Active) (e) Everybody likes it. (Negative)
    1. Books are the best companion to the people. (a) The company of books gives us pleasure. (Interrogative) (b) Books introduce us to the realm of knowledge. (Passive) (c) The habit of reading books should be formed by us. (Active) (d) A book never leaves us in times of danger. (Interrogative) (e) A book always does good to us. (Negative, without changing the meaning)
    2. (a) We must read books to gain knowledge. (Negative) (b) Books introduce us to the realm of knowledge. (Passive) (c) The books of great writers contain noble thoughts and great ideas. (Interrogative) (d) Without reading books, we cannot enrich our mind. (Affirmative) (e) We are guided by books. (Active)
    1. A flower is a glowing gift of nature. (a) Everybody likes flowers. (Interrogative) They are symbol of love and beauty. (b) Flower is used on different occasions. (Active) (c) I love rose very much. (Passive) (d) It is a very beautiful flower. (Exclamatory) (e) It has both charm and commercial value. (Negative)
    2. Corruption is a curse. (a) Today corruption is a very familiar term in Bangladesh. (Make it negative without changing meaning) (b) Corruption is a very dreadful weapon to destroy a society. (Make it exclamatory) (c) It lies in every phase of our society. (Make it interrogative without changing meaning) (d) Some drastic steps have been taken against corruption. (Make it active) (e) We should create social awareness to resist corruption. (Make it passive)
    3. Books are our best friends. (a) By reading books, we can enrich our minds. (Negative) (b) Books contain noble thoughts of great men. (Interrogative) (c) Some books give us immense pleasure. (Passive) (d) We are delighted by reading books. (Active) (e) Don’t you know about e-books? (Assertive)
    4. Cox’s Bazar is the longest seabeach in the world. (a) It is called pleasure seekers’ paradise. (Make it active) (b) Thousands of people visit Cox’s Bazar every year. (Make it passive) (c) Winter is very enjoyable in Cox’s Bazar. (Make it exclamatory) (d) The scenery of Cox’s Bazar is very charming. (Make it an interrogative sentence) (e) The people of Cox’s Bazar are friendly. (Make it a negative sentence without changing the meaning)
    5. Anger is an intense negative emotion. (a) Anger is nothing but a vice. (Interrogative) (b) It begets only the worst. (Negative) (c) So, it should be controlled for our own sake. (Active) (d) An angry man causes a lot of troubles. (Passive) (e) We should be emotionally balanced. (Imperative)
    1. Truthfulness is one of the greatest virtues in a man’s life. It means the quality of speaking the truth. (a) It brings peace of mind. (Interrogative) (b) Everybody respects a truthful person. (Negative) (c) A truthful person is loved by all. (Active) (d) A truthful person cares nobody. (Interrogative) (e) We should cultivate the habit of speaking the truth. (Passive)
    2. (a) My first day at school is a very memorable day in my life. (Negative) (b) Every student passes the day amidst excitement. (Interrogative) (c) It was a very excellent experience in my life. (Exclamatory) (d) The day still haunts me like a passion. (Voice) (e) Would that I could enjoy day again! (Assertive)
    3. (a) Honesty is a great virtue. (Interrogative) (b) Everybody likes an honest man. (Negative) (c) No other virtue is as great as honesty. (Affirmative) (d) We should always be honest. (Imperative) (e) An honest man is very happy. (Exclamatory)
    1. A good student is an asset of a nation. (a) A good student is always sincere to his study. (Negative) (b) He never keeps anything aside for tomorrow. (Interrogative) (c) Doesn’t he prepare his lessons regularly? (Affirmative) (d) He helps the weaker students. (Passive) (e) He is loved by his classmates and teachers. (Active)
    2. Freedom fighters are the real hero of our country. (a) We are proud of our freedom fighters. (Make it interrogative) (b) Their contribution will never be forgotten. (Make it affirmative) (c) Their sacrifice is immeasurable. (Make it negative) (d) Many of them lead a very miserable life. (Make it an exclamatory sentence) (e) We should take proper steps for their improvement. (Make it passive)
    3. Mobile phone is one of the most wonderful inventions of modern science. (a) It has now gained an unavoidable position in our daily affairs. (Interrogative) (b) There is hardly any person who doesn’t use mobile phone. (Affirmative) (c) We use mobile phones to make essential communications. (Passive) (d) It saves both time and energy. (Negative) (e) This small device can do a great job. (Exclamatory)
    4. Health is wealth. (a) Health is the greatest of all possessions. (Interrogative) (b) A sick man cannot enjoy life. (Passive) (c) We have to follow some rules for good health. (Negative) (d) For good health, we cannot but eat a balanced diet. (Affirmative) (e) Shouldn’t we be conscious of health? (Assertive)
    5. 83. Kazi Nazrul Islam is one of the greatest poets in Bengali literature. (a) He is our national poet. (Interrogative) (b) He is known as a rebel poet. (Active) (c) He was born into a poor family. (Negative) (d) His poverty could not destroy his creative talent. (Passive) (e) His writings are very encouraging. (Exclamatory)
    6. Our school is one of the most famous schools in this district. (a) The students are very obedient. (Negative) (b) So, they are liked by their teachers. (Active) (c) The teachers teach us carefully. (Passive) (d) Our school building looks very beautiful. (Exclamatory) (e) We are proud of our school. (Interrogative)
    1. Mobile phone is one of the wonderful wonders of science. (a) A mobile set is light to carry. (Interrogative) (b) It is not expensive. (Affirmative) (c) Only a wicked person uses it for evil purpose. (Negative) (d) It is used for different purposes. (Active) (e) A mobile set is very useful to us. (Exclamatory)
    2. Mohsin is one of the most brilliant students in his class. (a) He is very attentive to his studies. (Negative) (b) He is never late to go to school. (Affirmative) (c) He goes to school regularly. (Interrogative) (d) He is very honest. (Exclamatory) (e) Everybody loves him very much. (Passive)
    3. Book is the best of all friends. (a) We all should read books. (Make it passive) (b) A book delights us. (Make it interrogative sentence) (c) A book makes us wise. (Make it negative) (d) Who does not like a book? (Make it assertive sentence) (e) It is a very valuable thing. (Make it exclamatory sentence)
    4. Walking is better than any other exercise. (a) It is known to all. (Active) (b) Everyone prefers walking as an exercise usually in the morning. (Interrogative) (c) It keeps our body fit for working. (Negative) (d) So, we should never forget this thing. (Passive) (e) Good health is very valuable. (Exclamatory)
    5. Usain Bolt, the world sprint champion, has become a legend in the history of race competition. (a) He ran very fast in the last Olympic Games. (Exclamatory) (b) Only he could break his own record. (Negative) (c) He had to practise a lot for this. (Negative) He believes that practice makes a man perfect. He has become successful for his own effort and perseverance. (d) Now everybody knows him. (Interrogative), (e) He is called a hero for his achievement. (Active)
    6. (a) Computer is very useful in our daily life. (Exclamatory) (b) Every student needs computer. (Negative) (c) What a service it renders! (Assertive) (d) It was not invented overnight. (Active) (e) A poor student cannot buy it. (Interrogative)
    7. Akash is one of the most brilliant students in his class. (a) He is very attentive to his studies. (Make it negative) (b) He is never late to go to school. (Make it affirmative) (c) He goes to school regularly. (Make it interrogative) (d) He respects his teachers. (Make it passive) (e) Who does not love him very much? (Make it assertive)
    8. Change the following sentence as directed in the brackets.

    (a)Gani Mian is one of the poorest farmers in the village.(Comparative) (b He is very active.(Negative) (c)He cultivates others lands.(passive)(d)A poor life is led by him.(Active) (e)He does not run after money.(Interrogative )

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    Answer:(a) Gani Mia is poorer than most other farmers in the village. (b)He is not inactive at all. (c) others lands are cultivated by him. d) He leads a poor life. e) Does he run after money?

    1. Change the following sentence as directed in the brackets.

    (a)Sayma is the best student in the class.(positive) (b)She is attentive to her studies. (Negative) (c)She does not keep bad company.(affirm) (d)He helps the weaker students. (passive) (e)Everybody loves him. (Interrogative).

    Ans; a) No other student in the class is as good as Sayma.  (b) She is not inactive to his studies.(c) She always keeps good company. (d) The weaker students are helped by him. (e) Who doesn’t love her?

    1. Change the following sentence as directed in the brackets.

    (a)Book is the best of all friends. (Comparative) (b) It delights us. (Interrogative) (c)A book is cheaper than most other things. (Positive) (d)Who does not like a book? (Affirmative) (e) It is more valuable than any other thing. (Positive).

    Ans; (a) Book is better than all other friends. (b) Doesn’t it highlight us? (c) Very few things are as cheap as book. (d) Everybody likes a book. (e) No other thing is as valuable as it.

    1. Change the following sentence as directed in the brackets.

    (a)Gold is the most precious metal. (Positive) (b) It is bought by the wealthy persons. (Active) (c)Every woman likes it. (Negative) (d)The price of gold is increasing day by day. (Interrogative) (e) who does not like gold? (Affirmative).

    Ans; (a) No other metal is as precious as gold. (b) The wealthy person buys it. (c) There is no woman but likes it. (d) Isn’t the price of gold increasing day by day? (e) Everybody likes gold.

    1. Change the following sentence as directed in the brackets.

    (a)Very few metals are as useful as iron  (Superlative) (b) It is used for construction purpose. (active)  (c) Bangladesh imports iron . (Interrogative) (d) It is a heavy metal. (Negative) (e) There is no building without iron. (Affirmative)

    Ans; (a) Iron is one of the  most useful metals. (b)People use iron for construction purpose. (c)Doesn’t Bangladeshi import iron? (d) It is not a light metal. (e)Every building has iron.

    1. Change the following sentence as directed in the brackets.a) No other boy is as reliable as Sijan. (Comparative) (b) He is sincere to his duties. (Negative)(c) He does not put off any work for tomorrow. (Interrogative) (d) He finished his duties in time. (passive) e) No body hates him.(Affirmative).

    Ans; (a) Sijan is more reliable than any other boy. (b) He is not insincere to his duties. (c) Does he put any work for tomorrow? (d) His duties are finished by him in time. (e) Everybody likes him.

    1. Change the following sentence as directed in the brackets.

    (a) No other thing is as useful as computer. (Superlative) (b) Every student needs computer. (Negative) (c) A poor students can not buy it. (Interrogative) (d) It is one of the greatest inventions of science. (Positive) (e) It was not invented overnight. (Active)

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    Answer:(a)Computer is the most useful thing. (b)There is no students but needs computer. (c) Can a poor student buy it? (d) Very few inventions of science are as great as it. (e)No one invented it over night.

    1. Change the following sentence as directed in the brackets.a) Television is one the most common sources of entertainment. (Positive) (b) It is a costly item. (Negative) (c) We are entertained by it. (Active) (d) Everybody learns many things by watching television. (Passive) e) Who does  not like a good programme? (Affirmative)

    Ans; (a)Very few entertainments are as common as Television. (b)It is not a cheap item. (c) It entertains us. (d) There is no body but learns many things by watching TV.(e) Every likes a good programme.

    1. Change the following sentence as directed in the brackets.

    (a)A mobile set is light to  carry. (Interrogative) (b) It is not expensive. (Affirmative) (c) Only a wicked person uses it for evil purpose. (Passive) (d) It is used for different  purpose . (Active) (e) No other thing is as useful as a mobile set. (Superlative)

    Ans; (a)Isn’t a mobile light to carry? (b) It is cheap.(c) It is used by only a wicked person for evil purposes. D) People use it for different purposes. (e) Mobile set is the most useful thing.

    1. Change the following sentence as directed in the brackets.

    (a)A train journey is very enjoyable. (Negative) (b)It is cheaper than any other journey. (Superlative) c) It removes monotony. (Passive) (d) No other  journey is as  pleasant as a train journey. (Comparative) (e) Train runs faster than a bus (Interrogative)

    Ans; (a) A train journey is not boring. (b) It is the cheapest journey. (c) Monotony is removed by it. (d) A train journey is more pleasant than any other journey. (e) A bus does not run as fast as a train.

    1. Change the following sentence as directed in the brackets.

    (a)Air pollution is the most serious of all pollutions. (Positive) (b) It is more harmful  than most other pollution (Superlative) (c) Only man is responsible for this  pollution (Negative) (d) It  causes many fatal diseases (Passive) (e) There is nobody  but needs pure air. (Affirmative)

    Ans: (a) No other pollution is as serious as air pollution. (b) It is one of the most harmful pollutions. (c)None but man is responsible for this pollution. (d) Many fatal diseases caused by it. (e) Everybody needs pure air.

    1. Change the following sentence as directed in the brackets.

    (a) Pahela Baishakh is the biggest festival  for the people of Bangladesh. (Positive) people wear their traditional dress on this day. (Passive) (c) People look very  cheerful .(Negative) (d) There is  nobody but attends a Baishakhi Mela ,(Affirmative) (e) There is nothing unpleasant in a Baishakhi Mela (Interrogative) 

    Ans; (a) No other festival in Bangladesh is as big as Pahela Baishakh.(b)Traditional dresses are worn on this day. c) People do not look sad at all. (d) Everybody attends a Baishakh Mela. (e) Is their anything unpleasant in a Baishakhi Mela?

    1. Change the following sentence as directed in the brackets.

    (a)Two Eids are the greatest  festivals for the Muslims. (Comparative) (b) Very few festivals delight as much as the two Eids. (Superlative) (c) People forget their  miseries for the time being . (Interrogative) (d) Different types of sweets are prepared. (Active) (e) People do not wear old cloths on the occasion of Eids. (Affirmative).

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    Ans; (a) Two Eids are greater than any other Festival for the Muslims.(b)The two Eids delight us the most of all festivals.(c)Don’t people forget their miseries for time being?(d) people prepare different types of sweets .(e)People wear new cloths on the occasion of Eids.

    1. Change the following sentence as directed in the brackets.

    (a)Smoking is one of the most serious problems. (Positive) (b)No other thing affects a person as much as smoking (Comparative) (c) Environment is polluted by it.(active)(d)It is not good for health (Affirmative) e) smoking costs more money (Negative). 

    Ans; (a)Very few problems are as serious as smoking. (b) Smoking affects a person more than any thing. (c) It pollutes environment.(d) It is bad for health .(e) Smoking does not cost less money .

    1. Change the following sentence as directed in the brackets.

    (a) Tree plantation is a noble task. (Negative) (b) It is not a difficult task. (Interrogative) (c) People must  plant trees for their existence. (Passive)(d)An  important role is played by tress (Active) (e) Trees are one of the best friends of  human beings. (Positive).

    Ans; (a)Tree plantation is not an ignoble task .(b) Is it a difficult  task ?(c) Trees must be planted by people for their existence.(d) Trees play an important role.(e) Very few friends of human being are as good as trees .

    1. Change the following sentence as directed in the brackets.

    (a)Our victory day is a memorable day. (Negative)  (b) People can not but observe the day. (Affirmative) (c) Everyone remembers the martyrs. (Passive) (c)The day is one of  greatest days in our life (Positive) (d) No other day is as important as our victory day (Comparative) (e)We observe the day in our school? (interr)

    Ans;(a)Our victory Day is not a forgettable day .(b) People must observe the day .(c) The martyrs are remembered by everyone .(d) Our victory Day is more important than any other day .(e) Don’t we observe the day in our school ?

    1. Change the following sentence as directed in the brackets.a) Our independence day occupies the most important day in our life. (Comparative) (b) The valiant fighters fought bravely. (Interrogative) (c)Our freedom fighters are braver than most other persons. (Positive) (d) There was nobody but supported the freedom fighters. (Affirmative) (e) Our freedom fighters cannot be forgotten. (Active)

    Ans;(a)Our Independence Day occupies more important day than any other day in our life .(b)Didn’t the valiant fighters fight bravely ?(c) Very few persons are as brave as our freedom fighters .(d) Everybody supported the freedom fighters.(e)  We cannot forget our freedom fight.

    1. Change the following sentence as directed in the brackets.

    (a) Honesty is a great virtue. (Interrogative) (b) Everybody likes an honest boy. (Passive) (c) No other virtue is as great as honesty. (Superlative) (d) Honesty is never unrewarded. (Affirmative) (e) it is greater than any other thing. (positive).

    Ans;(a) Isn’t honesty a great virtue? (b) An honest boy is liked by everybody. (c) Honesty is the greatest virtue. (d) Honesty is always rewarded. (e) No other thing is as great as it.

    1. Change the following sentence as directed in the brackets.a) Cricket is a very exciting game. (Negative) (b) People of all ages like this game. (Passive) (c) At present cricket is the most popular game in our country. (Positive) (d) Bangladesh is one of the weakest test playing countries. (Comparative)  (d) I am fond of watching twenty twenty cricket match. (Interrogative)

    Ans;(a) Cricket is not a dull game at all .(b) This game is liked by people of all ages.(c) At present no other game in our country is as popular as cricket .(d) Bangladesh is weaker than most other test playing countries.(e) Am I not fond of watching twenty cricket match ? 

    1. Change the following sentence as directed in the brackets.a) I was invited to visit cox’s bazer by my friend. (Active) (b) I gladly accepted the invitation. (Passive) when I reached there, my friend received me cordially. (c) I was very glad to see the see beach. (Negative) (d) No other beach in the world is as long as it. (Comparative)  (e) It was one of the most memorable journeys in my life. (Positive)

    Ans;(a) My friend invited me to visit Cox’s Bazar .(b) The invitation was gladly accepted by my friend.(c) I  was not sad to see beach at all .(d) It is longer than any other beach in the world .(e) Very few journeys in my life are as memorable as it .

    1. Change the following sentence as directed in the brackets.

    (a) Mr. shijan  is one of the oldest men in the village. (Positive) (b)But he is not  inactive at all. (Affirmative) (c) He always gets up early. (Negative) (d) He exercises regularly . (Interrogative) (e) He has always been respected by all. (Active) 

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    Ans;(a) Very few men are as old as Mr. Ahmed.(b) But he is very active.(c) He never gets up late .(d) Doesn’t he exercise regularly ?(e) All have always respected him.

    1. Change the following sentence as directed in the brackets.

    (a)Anger is nothing but a vice. (Affirmative) (b) It begets only the  worst.(Negative) (c) Anger is one of the most inhuman vices. (Positive) (d) So we should control it for our own sake (Passive) (e) An angey man is dislike by enerybody. (Active)

    Answer;(a) Anger is a vice.(b) It begets nothing but the worst .(c) Very few vices are as inhuman as anger .(d) So it should be controlled by us for our own sake .(e) Everybody dislikes an angry man .

    1. Change the following sentence as directed in the brackets.

    (a) Check beast in you.(Assertive) (b)The cuckoo sings only in spring .(Negative)(c) The roads of Khulna are not wider then those of Dhaka.(Positive)(d) Prevention is better than cure .(Negative)(e) She is the first girl in our class .(Negative)

    Ans;(a) You are requested to check the beast in you (b) The cuckoo sings no other time but in spring .(c) The roads of Dhaka are as wide as those of Khulna .(d) Cure is not as good as prevention .(e) She is not the last girl in our class .

    1. Change the following sentence as directed in the brackets.

    (a)Students will never forget their school life .(Affirmative)(b)They spent a wonderful time in the school.(Passive)(c)The beauty of student life is beyond description .(Interrogative)(d)No other school in this area is as good as ours.(Comparative) (e)We would play different types of games and sports .(Imperative)

    Ans;(a) Students will always remember their school life .(b) A wonderful time is spent in the school by them.(c) Isn’t the beauty of student life beyond description ?(d) Our school is better than any other school in this area .(e) Let us play different types of games and sports .

    1. Change the following sentence as directed in the brackets.

    The name of our school is Ideal School and College.(a) It is one of the best schools in our country .(Positive) (b)Only the meritorious students can get change to study here .(Negative)(c) It is now double shifted .(Active)(d)The school is run very well.(Active).(e)We must try to uphold its dignity.(Negative)I like my school very much.

    Ans;(a) Very schools in our country are as good as it .(b) None but the meritorious students can get chance to study here .(d) The authority runs the school very well .(e) We can not help trying to uphold its dignity.

    1. Change the following sentence as directed in the brackets.

    We are human beings. (a) All man must die. (Negative).(b) It matters a little if a man lives many years or not. (Interrogative) (c)Our life is not measured by months or years.(Active)(d)The people living only for their own interest are not real human beings.(Affirmative)(e)Their life is not better than that of a beast.(Positive)

    Ans;(a) All man cannot but die. (b) Doesn’t it matter a little if a man lives many years or not?(c) Months or years do not measure our life .(d) The people living only for their own interest are unreal human beings .(e) Their life is not as good that of a beast .

    1. Change the following sentence as directed in the brackets.

    (a) We hate corruption.(Negative) Corruption is a curse. (b)A corrupt person is disliked by everybody. (Active)(c)Corruption is one of the biggest problems for our country. (Comparative) (d) Bangladesh  is more corrupted than England.(Positive) (e) We should not earn black money. (Affirmative)

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    Ans;(a)We do not like corruption .(b)Everybody dislikes a corrupt person .(c) Corruption is bigger than most other problems for our country (d) England is not as corrupted as Bangladesh (e) We should earn white money .

    1. Change the following sentence as directed in the brackets.

    (a) Mohammad Muhsin was a very kind man .(Exclamatory) He was born in Hugly.(b) He inherited vast property from his father and sister. (Interrogative) (c) He did not marry.(Affirmative) (d) During his lifetime, he spent money lavishly to help the poor. (Passive) (e) Very few Musium Leaders in the world were as merciful as he. (Superlative)

    Ans;(a) What a kind man Mohammad Muhsin was !(b) Didn’t he inherit vast property from his father and sister ?(c) He remained unmarried .(d) During his life time ,money is spend lavishly by him help the poor .(e) He is one of the most merciful Muslim leaders in the world .

    1. Change the following sentence as directed in the brackets.

    (a)Mr. Ahmed is the wisest man in the village.(Comparative) (b)He is poor.(Negative) (c)He could walk slowly.(Interrogative)(d)He never eats more than one thing.(Affirmative) (e)What a pity (Assertive).

    Ans;(a) Mr Ahmed is wiser than any other man in the village .(b) He is not rich .(c) Couldn’t he walk slowly ?(d) He always eats one thing .(e) It is a great pity .

    1. Change the following sentence as directed in the brackets.

    Kabir is a day laborer. (a) He is very punctual in his work. (Negative).(b)Everyone knows him in his area (Interrogative). (c) He knows everyone.(Passive).(d)He is the best worker of all.(Comparative). (e) He never wastes his time. (Affirmative)

    Ans;(a) He is not unpunctual in his work .(b) Doesn’t everybody in his area know him ? (c) Everyone is known to him.(d) He better than all other workers.(e)He always utilizes him time. 

    1. Change the following sentence as directed in the brackets.

    (a) Poverty is the greatest problem in country.(Positive). But we are hardly realized that this measurable condition on our creation. (Interrogative).(b) Many do not try to better their condition hard labor. (Affirmative). (c) They only force their fate. (Passive) But this is not reality. (d) It is man who is the maker of his own fortune. So(d) they should work hard to improve their lot. (Imperative) (e) By working hard, they can remove their condition.(Negative).

    Ans;(a) No other problem in our country is as great as poverty.(b) Do many people try to better their condition by hard labour?/Many are averse to try to better their condition by hard labour .(c) Their fate in only cursed by them (d) Let them work hard to improve their lot .(e)Without working hard ,they can’t remove their condition .

    1. Change the following sentence as directed in the brackets.

    (a)Cox’s Bazaar is the longest sea beach in the world. (Positive)(b)Everybody knows this.(Interrogative)(c)Tourist and visitors from home and abroad visit this beach. (Passive)(d)They are highly delighted at the natural beauty of this place.(Passive)(e)Our government is active to make more attractive. (Interrogative)

    Ans;(a)No other sea-beach is as long as Cox’s Bazar.(b)This is known to everybody.(c)This beach is visited by tourists and visitors from home and abroad.(d)The natural beauty of this place delights them highly.(e) Our government is not inactive to make it more attractive .

    1. Change the following sentence as directed in the brackets.

    (a)Today nothing is as serious as pollution.(Comparative)(b)But nobody is aware of it. (Interrogative) (c)It’s importance can not be described in words. (Affirmative)(d)Fresh air is necessary for existence. (Negative)(e)There is no living things but needs fresh air. (Affirmative)

    Ans;(a)Today pollution is more than any thing .(b)But is anybody aware of it ?(c)Its importance is indescribable in words.(d)Fresh air is not unnecessary for existence.(e)Every living thing needs fresh air.

    1. Change the following sentence as directed in the brackets.

    (a)Cricket is a very exciting game. (Exclamatory)(b)People of all ages enjoy the game. (Passive) (c) At present cricket is the more popular game in our country. (Comparative)(d)Cricket is enjoyed not only by the young but also by the old. (Affirmative) (e)Bangladesh is a test playing country but it’s standard is very low. (Negative) 

    Ans;(a) What an exciting game cricket is!(b) The game is enjoyed by people of all ages.(c) At present cricket is more popular than any other game in our country.(d) Cricket is enjoyed both by the young and the old.(e) Bangladesh is a test playing country but its standard is not at all high.

    1. Change the following sentence as directed in the brackets.

     (a)Health is wealth.(Interrogative) (b)A healthy poor man is happier than a sick moneyed man.(Positive)(c)A healthy poor man is not a liability to his family . (Affirmative)(d) Everybody must be conscious of  health.(Negative) (e)No other thing in the world is as valuable as health .(Comparative) 

    Ans;(a) Isn’t health wealth?(b) A sick moneyed man is not as happy as a healthy poor man.(c) A healthy man is an asset to his family.(d) Everybody cannot but be conscious of health.(e) Health is more valuable than any thing in the world.

    1. Change the following sentence as directed in the brackets.

    (a)Anger is nothing but a vice. (Affirmative) (b) It always begets the worst. (Negative)(c)Anger is one the most inhuman vices (Positive)(d)We should control it for our own sake (Interrogative)(e)An angry man is disliked by everybody .(active)

    Ans; (a) Anger is only a vice.(b) It never begets the best/It does never beget the best.(c) Very few vices are as inhuman as anger.(d) Shouldn’t we control it for our own sake?(e) Every body dislikes an angry man.

    1. Change the following sentence as directed in the brackets.

    (a)We hate corruption.(Negative)(b)A corrupt person is disliked (Active)(c)Bangladesh is more corrupted than England .(Positive)(d)Corruption is one of the biggest problems for our country .(Comparative)(e)We should not earn black money .(Interrogative)

    Answer (a)We can not but hate corruption.(b) Everybody dislikes a corrupt person.(c) England is not as corrupted as Bangladesh.(d) Corruption is bigger than most other problems for our country.(e) Should we earn black money.

    1. Change the following sentence as directed in the brackets.

    (a) Health is wealth.  (Interrogative) (b) A healthy poor man is happier than a sick moneyed man.(Positive)(c) Everybody must be conscious of health .(Negative)(d). (Comparative)(e)Students will never forget their school life .(Affirmative)

    Ans; (a) Isn’t health wealth?(b) A sick moneyed man is not as happy as a healthy poor man.(c) There is nobody can be conscious of health.(d) Health is more valuable than any other thing in the world.(e) Students will always remember their school life.

    1. Change the following sentence as directed in the brackets.

    (a)Anger is a vice.(Negative)(b)I begets nothing but the worst (Affirmative)(c)Anger is one of the most inhuman vices .(Positive)(d)So we should control it for our own sake .(Passive)(e)Everybody dislikes an angry man .(Interrogative)

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    Ans; (a)Anger is not a virtue.(b) It begets only the worst.© Very few vices are as inhuman as anger.

    (d) So, it should be controlled for our own sake by us.(e) Who does not disliked an angry man?

    1. Change the following sentence as directed in the brackets.

    (a)Everybody knows about the Royal Bengal Tiger of Sundarbans .(Negative) (b)It is known to all for its ferocity (Interrogative)(c)Now the number of the Royal  Bengal Tiger is decreasing.(Negative)(d)Corruption is the most dangerous weapon to destroy a society .(Positive)(e)It lies in every phase of our society .(Interrogative) 

    Ans; (a)There is nobody but knows about the Royal Bengal Tiger of the Sundarbans.(b) Isn’t it known to all for its ferocity?(c) Now the number of the Royal Bengal Tiger is not increasing.(d) No other weapon is as dangerous as corruption to destroy a society.(e) Doesn’t it lie in every phase of our society?

    1. Change the following sentence as directed in the brackets.

    We achieved our freedom in 1971. (a)We are proud of our freedom fighters .(Interrogative). (b) There contribution will never be forgotten.(Affirmative) they where inspired by the common people (c)There sacrifice is greater than any other kings (Positive).(d)but today many of them land a very miserable life. (Negative). (e)Proper initiatives many improve there condition .(Passive).

    Ans; (a) Aren’t we proud of our freedom fighters?(b) Their contribution will always be remembered.(c) No other thing is as great as their sacrifice.(d) But today many of them can’t lead at all a peaceful life.(e) Their condition may be improved by proper initiatives.

    1. Change the following sentence as directed in the brackets.

    (a)Road accident are a curse.(Negative)(b)They cause a great loss to life and property.(Interrogative) But these accidents occur due to a number for reasons.(c)The drivers are more responsible than any other person for the accidents.(Positive)(d)Most of them hardly known the traffic rules.(Passive)(e) Most often they don’t care for the traffic rules.(Affirmative)

    Answer:(a)Road accident are not a blessing .(b) Don’t they cause a great loss to life and property ?(c)No other person is as responsible as the driver for the accidents .(d) The traffic rules are hardly known to most of them .(e)Few of them care for the traffic rules. 

    1. Change the following sentence as directed in the brackets.

    (a)Akbar was one of the greatest kings of India.(Positive) (b)Who gave you the red pen ?(pass) (c) The sun sets in the west .(Negative)(d)I never drink tea .(Interrogative)(e)Parvin was too poor to buy a chain.(Comparative)

    Ans;(a)Very few kings of India were as great as Akbar .(b) By whom were you given the red pen?(c) Doesn’t the sun set in the west?/ The sun can’t but set in the west .(d) Do I ever drink tea?(e) Parvin was so poor that she could not buy a chain.

    1. Change the following sentence as directed in the brackets.

    (a)Very few metals are as precious as gold.(Superlative)(b) He is too weak to walk.( Negative )(c) The boy did his best .(Negative-Interrogative)(d)Fie! You are a cheat. (Affirmative)(e) Pen through the line.(Passive)

    Ans;(a)Gold is more precious than most other metals.(b)He is so weak that he can not walk.(c)Didn’t the boy do his best?(d) It is a shame that you are a cheat .(e) Let the line be penned through .

    1. Change the following sentence as directed in the brackets.

    (a)Walking is the best of all exercises .(Comparative)(b)Walking as an exercise is usually taken in the morning or evening.(Active)(c)An early morning walk gives us fresh vigour and strength. (Negative)(d)This morning air refreshes the body and mind.(Interrogative)(e)It is never harmful to our health. (Affirmative) 

    Answer;(a) Walking is better than any other exercise .(b) People usually take walking as an exercise in the morning .(c) An early morning walk does not  give us weak vigour and strength.(d) Doesn’t this morning air refreshes the body and mind .(e) It is always beneficial to our health

    1. Change the following sentence as directed in the brackets.

    (a)English is one of the most used languages in the world.(Comparative) (b)It is spoken all over the world.(Assertive)(c)It is also the richest language.(Negative)(d)Without learning english we  can’t  prosper .(Affirmative)(e)It is foolish to waste time .(Interrogative)

    Ans; (a) English is more used than more other languages in the world.(b) People speak it all over the world.(c) It is also not the poorest language.(d) We can prosper by learning English.(e) Isn’t it foolish to waste time?

    1. Change the following sentence as directed in the brackets.

    (a)Truthfulness is the greatest of all virtues.(Positive)(b)It makes us honourable in the society.(Negative)(c)It brings peace in mind.(Interrogative)(d)Truthfulness makes us faithful and reliable.(pass)(e)A liar rich man is not as respected as a truthful poor man.(Comparative)

    Ans; (a) No other virtue is as great as truthfulness.(b) It does not make us dishonourable in the society.(c) Does not it bring peace in mind?(d) We are made faithful and reliable by truthfulness.(e) A truthful poor man is more respected than a liar rich man.

    1. Change the following sentence as directed in the brackets.

    Sumi is a student of class VIII. (a)She is always punctual.(Negative) (b)She is not  inattentive to her study .(Affirmative) (c)She never tells a lie .(Interrogative) (d)Very  few students of her  class are  so brilliant as she .(Positive) (e)Her teachers  love her very  much.(Passive).

    Ans; (a) She is never late. (b) She is inattentive to her study.(c) Does he ever tell a lie?(d) She is one of the most brilliant students of her class.(e) She is loved very much by her teachers.

    1. Change the following sentence as directed in the brackets.

    (a)Strategy is more important than any other thing in the examination.(Superlative) (b)Any answer in the examination should not be elaborated..(Active) (c)He should read through the question paper carefully.(Passive)(d)At first glance the questions may not seem easy.(Affirmative)(e)A student should attempt all the questions so that he may get marks .(Interrogative)   

    Ans; (a) Strategy is the most  important thing is the examination.(b) We /An examinee should not elaborate any answer in the examination.(c) The question paper should be read through carefully by him.(d) At first glance the question paper many seem hard/difficult.(e) Shouldn’t a student attempt all the questions so that he may get good marks ?

    1. Change the following sentence as directed in the brackets.

    (a)Modern science has created wonders.(Interrogative).(b)We get a lot of  opportunities for it (Imperative).(c)far off places have come closer for it. (Negative).(d)It is one of the most important parts of our life .(Positive).(e)We have to keep the  good and give up the bad (interrogative).

    Answer: (a)Hasn’t modern science created wonders?(b)let us get a lot of opportunities for it.(c)far off places have not become far for it.(d)Or, haven’t far places come closer for it?(e) (d)Very few parts of our life are as important as it.(e)Haven’t   we to keep the  good and give up the bad?

    1. Change the following sentence as directed in the brackets.

    (a)Education is power.(Interrogative).(b)Education is necessary for every man  (Negative).(c)We should receive education.(Imperative).(d) Man is the  best creation  of Allah.(Positive).(e)Education is very important for man.(Exclamatory).

    Answer:(a)Isn’t education power?(b)Isn’t education necessary for every man?(c)Let us receive education.(d)No other creation of Allah is as good as man.(e)How important education  is for man!

    1. Change the following sentence as directed in the brackets.

    (a)Corruption is the most dangerous weapon to destroy a society.(Positive).(b)It  lies in every phase of our society.(Interrogative).(c)It paralyses the whole nation. (Negative). (d)The persons in the high rank of the society are not involved in corruption. (Affirmative).  (e) Social awareness is very essential to resist corruption. (Exclamatory).

    Answer: (a)No other weapon to destroy a society is as dangerous as corruption.(b)Doesn’t it lie in every phase of our society? (c)Doesn’t it paralyse the whole nation?(d)The persons in the high rank of the society are immune from corruption.(e)How essential social awareness is to resist corruption!

    1. Change the following sentence as directed in the brackets.

    (a)We are human beings.(Interrogative).(b) All men must die. (Negative).(c)It  matters little if a man lives many years or not.(Interrogative).(d)Our life is not  measured by months or years.(Affirmative).(e)The life of the people is not better than that of a beast (positive).

    Answer:(a)Aren’t we human beings?(b) No man avoid death.(c)Doesn’t it matter little if a man lives many years or not? (d)Is our life measured by months or years. Or, our life is measured by anything but months or years.(e)The life of people is as good as that of a beast.

    1. Change the following sentence as directed in the brackets.

    (a)No other problem in Bangladesh is as great as illiteracy.(Comparative).(b)So the literacy rate in Bangladesh is very poor.(Negative).(c)It is too poor to imagine.(Interrogative).(d)It is the duty of the educated people to educate the illiterate.(Interrogative).(e)We should take necessary  steps to eradicate illiteracy.(Imperative)

    Answer: (a)Illiteracy is greater than any other problem in Bangladesh.(b) so the literacy rate in Bangladesh is not so high.(c)Isn’t it too poor in imagine? (d) Isn’t it the duty of the educated people to educate the illiterate?(e)Let’s take necessary steps to eradicate literacy.

    1. Change the following sentence as directed in the brackets.

    (a)Mohammad Mohsin was a kind man. (Negative). (b)He was a great man.(Exclamatory).  (c)He inherited vast property from his father and sister.(Interrogative).(d)He did not marry. (Affirmative).(e)He spent money to help the poor.(Interrogative).

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    Answer:(a) Wasn’t Mohammad Mohsin is a kind man?(b)What a man he was!(c)Didn’t he inherit vast property from his father and sister?(d)He was unmarried or, he was a confirmed bachelor. (e)Didn’t he spend money to help the poor?

    1. Change the following sentence as directed in the brackets.

    (a)Have you ever heard the name of the poet kazi nazrul islam?(Assertive). (b)Very few poets are as famous as Nazrul Islam in Bangla literature.(Comparative). (c) His  poetic works were full of patriotism and optimism.(Negative).(d)He inspired the people to fight for independence.(Interrogative). (e) Would that I were a great poet  like Nazrul! (Assertive).

    Answer: (a) You have heard the name of the poet Kazi Nazrul Islam.(b) Nazrul Islam is more famous than most other poets in Bangladesh literature.(c) His patriotic works were not devoid of patriotism and optimism.(d) Didn’t he inspire the people to fight for independence? (e) I wish I were a great poet like Nazrul.

    1. Change the following sentence as directed in the brackets.

    (a)No other country in the world is as populous as Bangladesh.(Comparative).(b) Farmers are living in the villages.(Negative).(c)The farmers are not rich.(Affirmative).(d)The farmers work hard to support themselves.(Interrogative).(e)We should take care of them. (Imperative).

    Answer:(a) Bangladesh is more populous than any other country in the world.(b) farmers are not living in the towns.(c) The farmers are poor.(d) Don’t the farmers work hard to support themselves? (e) Let us take care of them.

    1. Change the following sentence as directed in the brackets.

    (a)Computer is one of the greatest inventions of modern science. (Positive). (b) Computer is very helpful for us. (Exclamatory). (c)A computer is a blessing on earth. (Negative). (d) We should make the proper use of computer. (Imperative). (e) We cannot but depend on it. (Affirmative).

    Answer:(a) Very few inventions of modern science are as great as computer.(b) How helpful for us computer is!(c) A computer is nothing but a blessing on earth or, a computer is not a curse on earth.(d) Let us make the proper use of computer.(e) We most depend on it.

    1. Change the following sentence as directed in the brackets.

    (a)Bangladesh is full of nature resources.(Interrogative).(b)She has largest  network of rivers (Negative).(c)They have a total length of 24140 kilometres. (Interrogative).(d) It is one of the most important sources of our national economy. (Positive). (e) I love my country (Negative).

    Answer:(a) Isn’t Bangladesh full of natural resources?(b) She has nothing but the largest network of rivers or, she has no less than the largest network of rivers.(c) Haven’t they a total length of 24140 kilometres?(d) Very few source of our national economy are us important us it.(e) I can not but love my country.

    1. Change the following sentence as directed in the brackets.

    (a)We are proud of our freedom fighters (Interrogative).(b)Their contribution will never be forgotten .(Affirmative).(c)They were inspired by the common people. (Interrogative). (d)Their sacrifice is greater than any other thing. (Positive).(e)They lead a  very miserable life .(Exclamatory).

    Answer:(a) Aren’t we proud of our freedom fighters?(b) their contribution will always be remember. (c) Aren’t they inspired by the common people? (d) No other thing is as great as their sacrifice.(e) What a miserable life they lead!

    Set-89
    (a) Sheikh Sa’adi was more famous than many other poets (Superlative). (b) He travelled far and wide (Interrogative). (c) He was invited by a king (Active). (d) He was in a gorgeous dress (Negative). (e) The noble man took him for an ordinary man (Passive).
    Answer-89:
    (a) Sheikh Sa’adi was one of the most famous poets.
    (b) Didn’t he travel far and wide?
    (c) A king invited him.
    (d) He was not in a poor dress.
    (e) He was taken for an ordinary man by the noble man.

    Set-90
    (a) He was more skilled than any other magician (Positive). (b) He could perform unbelievable performance (Passive). (c) In our school, he did the same thing (Interrogative). (d) Some magical words were uttered by him (Active). (e) Everybody likes his magic spell (Negative).
    Answer-90:
    (a) No other magician was as skilled as he.
    (b) Unbelievable performance could he performed by him.
    (c) Didn’t he do the same thing in our school?
    (d) He uttered some magical words.
    (e) Nobody dislikes his magic spell.

    Set-91
    (a) Sher Shah was one of the greatest warriors in history (Comparative). (b) Humayun had been defeated by him (Active). (c) Humayun fled towards Agra (Interrogative). (d) He stopped for a short time at Agra and Delhi (Negative). (e) Very few emperors were as learned as he (Superlative).
    Answer-91:
    (a) Sher Shah was greater than most other worriers in history.
    (b) He had defeated Humayun.
    (c) Didn’t Humayun flee towards Agra?
    (d) He did not stop for a long time at Agra and Delhi.
    (e) He was one of the most learned emperors.

    Set-92
    (a) There was a farmer in a village (Interrogative). (b) Very few farmers were as idle as he (Superlative). (c) He did not plough his lands well (Passive). (d) He did not sow seeds in time (Affirmative). (e) Good crops could not be grown by him (Active).
    Answer-92:
    (a) Wasn’t there a farmer in a village?
    (b) He was one of the idlest farmers.
    (c) His lands were not ploughed well by him.
    (d) He sowed seeds untimely.
    (e) He could not grow good crops.

    Set-85
    (a) Hasan is not a dishonest farmer (Affirmative). (b) He is the poorest farmer in his village (Positive). (c) They cannot be cultivated properly (Active). (d) He and his family members always live in wants (Negative). (e) He leads a happy life (Passive).
    Answer-85:
    (a) Hasan is an honest farmer.
    (b) No other farmer in his village is as poor as he.
    (c) He cannot cultivate them properly.
    (d) He and his family members never live without wants.
    (e) A happy life is led by him.

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    Set-86
    (a) It was not far from the school (Affirmative). (b) Mr. Ahmed went to the smithy with the students of class 8 (Interrogative). (c) They reached there in time (Negative). (d) He is the strongest man in the smithy (Comparative). (e) Some tools were bought from the smithy (Active).
    Answer-86:
    (a) It was near the school.
    (b) Didn’t Mr. Ahmed go to the smithy with the students of class 8?
    (c) They did not reach there late.
    (d) He is stronger than any other man in the smithy.
    (e) They bought some tools from the smithy.

    Set-87
    (a) Mr. Ahmed is the headmaster of our school (Interrogative). (b) He teaches us English (Passive). (c) No other teacher in our school is as brilliant as he (Superlative). (d) He is the most handsome person in the school (Comparative). (e) He is liked by everybody (Active).
    Answer-87:
    (a) Isn’t Mr. Ahmed the headmaster of our school?
    (b) We are taught English by him.
    (c) He is the most brilliant teacher in our school.
    (d) He is more handsome than any other person in the school.
    (e) Everybody likes him.
    Set-88
    (a) Ruplal lived in a small village (Negative). (b) He lived with his family (Interrogative). (c) Ruplal wanted a peaceful life (Passive). (d) The village people were more quarrelsome than the town people (Positive). (e) Ruplal was always optimistic (Negative).
    Answer-88:
    (a) Ruplal did not live in a big village.
    (b) Didn’t he live with his family?
    (c) A peaceful life is wanted by Ruplal.
    (d) The town people were not as quarrelsome as the village people.
    (e) Ruplal was never pessimistic.


    Answer-80
    (a) Very few crimes are as heinous as acid throwing.
    (b) The acid throwers are one of the worst criminals.
    (c) It is not a human act.
    (d) We cannot solve the problem overnight.
    (e) The Government has made the law for punishing the acid throwers.
    Set-81
    (a) We have a vegetable garden (Interrogative). (b) It is the most beautiful garden in the village (Positive). (c) It is in front of our kitchen (Negative). (d) A fence is made all around it (Active). (e) We grow a lot of vegetables there (Passive).
    Answer-81:
    (a) Haven’t we a vegetable garden?
    (b) No other garden in the village is as beautiful as it.
    (c) It is not behind our kitchen.
    (d) We have made a fence all around it.
    (e) A lot of vegetables are grown there by us.
    Set-82
    (a) Water hyacinth is one kind of plant (Interrogative). (b) It is found in watery places (Active). (c) It has a fine flower of its own (Negative). (d) The flowers of water hyacinth are more beautiful than many other flowers (Positive). (e) It pollutes water (Passive).
    Answer-82:
    (a) Isn’t water hyacinth one kind of plant?
    (b) We find it in watery places.
    (c) It has not an ugly flower of its own.
    (d) Very few flowers are as beautiful as the flower of water hyacinth.
    (e) Water is polluted by it.
    Set-83
    (a) Karim is the poorest farmer in the village (Comparative). (b) He has some pieces of land (Negative). (c) He is lazier than any other farmer (Positive). (d) He does not cultivate his lands (Passive). (e) The members of his family pass their days in wants (Interrogative).
    Answer-83:
    (a) Karim is poorer than any other farmer in the village.
    (b) He has not many pieces of land.
    (c) No other farmer is as lazy as he.
    (d) His lands are not cultivated by him.
    (e) Don’t the members of his family pass their days in wants?
    Set-84
    (a) Hamidur Rahman has some good friends (Negative). (b) Suruj Ali was the caretaker of the garden (Interrogative). (c) He was more honest than any other person I have ever seen (Superlative). (d) Suruj Ali went to the orchard (Interrogative). (e) He did not pick many of the ripe mangoes (Affirmative).
    Answer-84:
    (a) Hamidur Rahman has not many bad friends.
    (b) Wasn’t Suruj Ali the caretaker of the garden?
    (c) He was the most honest person I have ever seen.
    (d) Didn’t Suruj Ali go to the orchard?
    (e) He picked some of the ripe mangoes.

    Set-77
    (a) Akbar Husain lives in a small apartment in Dhaka (Interrogative). (b) His wife loves gardening (Negative). (c) Dhaka is more expensive than any other city in the country (Superlative). (d) The cost of living in Dhaka is not realized by them (Active). (e) However he loves his relatives a great deal (Passive).
    Answer-77:
    (a) Doesn’t Akbar Husain live in a small apartment in Dhaka?
    (b) His wife does not hate gardening.
    (c) Dhaka is the most expensive city in the country.
    (d) They do not realize the cost of living in Dhaka.
    (e) However, his relatives are loved a great deal by him.
    Set-78
    (a) Students will never forget their school life (Affirmative). (b) They spend a wonderful time in the school (Passive). (c) The beauty of student life is beyond description (Interrogative). (d) No other school in that area is as good as ours (Comparative). (e) We should play different types of games and sports (Passive).
    Answer-78:
    (a) Students will always remember their school life.
    (b) A wonderful time is spent by them in the school.
    (c) Isn’t the beauty of student life beyond description?
    (d) Ours is better than any other school in that area.
    (e) Different types of games and sports should be played by us.
    Set-79
    (a) There is no institute without a library (Affirmative). (b) We must read many books other than text books (Negative). (c) The librarian helps the students (Passive). (d) Our college library is bigger than most other libraries in the city (Superlative). (e) Everyone is pre-occupied with so many things here (Interrogative).
    Answer-79:
    (a) Every institute has a library.
    (b) We cannot but read many books other than text books.
    (c) The students are helped by the librarian.
    (d) Our college library is one of the biggest libraries in the city.
    (e) Who isn’t preoccupied with so many things here?
    Set-80
    (a) Acid throwing is one of the most heinous crimes (positive). (b) The acid throwers are worse than most other criminals (Superlative). (c) It is an inhuman act (Affirmative). (d) The problem cannot be solved overnight (Passive). (e) Hasn’t Government made the law for punishing the acid throwers? (Interrogative).

    Transform the underlined sentences as directed. 5
    Set-29.
    (a) Cox’s Bazar sea-beach is the largest sea-beach in the world (Complex). (b) It is one of the most beautiful sea-beaches in the world (Positive). (e) It is called pleasure seekers paradise (Active) (d) The visitors go there to enjoy natural beauties (Compound). (e) Those who become tired may go to relax there (Simple).
    Answer :
    (a) It is Cox’s Bazar sea beach which is the longest sea-beach in the world. (b) Very few sea-beaches in the world are as beautiful as it. (c) People call it pleasure seeker’s paradise. (d) The visitors go there and enjoy the natural beauties. (e) Tired people may go to relax there.

    Set-30.
    (a) Acquiring a language is more successful than learning (Make it positive). (b) Teachers encourage the learners of a second language to practice the language (Make it passive). (c) Students who wish to acquire proficiency in a language should practice the language (Make it simple). (d) Communicative competence can be achieved in a short-time (Make it interrogative without changing meaning). (e) A language learner must shake off reticence and he is sure to succeed in his effort (Make it complex).
    Answer:
    (a) Learning is not as successful as acquiring a language. (b) The learners of a second language are encouraged by teachers to practice the language. (c) Students wishing to acquire proficiency in a language should practice the language. (d) Can’t communicative competence be achieved in a short-time? (e) A language learner is sure to succeed in his effort if he shakes off reticence.

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    Set-31.
    The name of our motherland is Bangladesh. It is a land of rivers. (a) The Jamuna is one of the biggest rivers in Bangladesh (comparative). (b) When it is summer, it becomes emaciated (simple). (c) During the rainy season, it assumes a terrible shape (complex). (d) Everybody knows it (interrogative). (e) Tourists from home and abroad visit its shore. (passive).
    Answer:
    (a) The Jamuna is bigger than most other rivers in Bangladesh. (b) During summer, it becomes emaciated. (c) When it is rainy season, it assumes a terrible shape. (d) Who does not know it? (e) its shore is visited by tourists from home and abroad.

    Transformation 

    1.(a) We are proud of our freedom fighters (Interrogative). (b) Their contribution will never be forgotten (Affirmative). (c) Their sacrifice is greater than any other thing (Positive). (d) But today they lead a very miserable life (Exclamatory). (e) We should take proper steps to improve their condition (Imperative).

    Answer no-1:

    (a) Aren’t we proud of our freedom fighters?

    (b) Their contribution will ever be remembered.

    (c) No other thing is as great as their sacrifice.

    (d) But what a miserable life they lead today!

    (e) Let us take proper steps to improve their condition.

    2.

    1. a) Mr Mahmud is an honest man (Negative). (b) He never tells a lie (Passive). (c) His son is the best boy in the class (Positive). (d) Mrs Mahmud is an excellent lady (Exclamatory). (e) Mr Mahmud is always punctual (Negative).

    Answer no-2:

    (a) Mr. Mahmud is not a dishonest man.

    (b) A lie is never told by him.

    (c) No other boy in the class is so good as his son.

    (d) What an excellent lady Mrs. Mahmud is!

    (e)Mr Mahmud is never late.

    3.

    (a) Mrs. Reshmunnahar is one of the best teachers in the district (Comparative). (b) What a famous doctor her husband is! (Interrogative). (c) He will shine in life (Optative). (d) They never tell a lie (Passive). (e) Their only daughter dances very nicely (Exclamatory).

    Answer no-3:

    (a)Mrs Reshmunnahar is better than most other teachers in the district.

    (b) Isn’t her husband a very famous doctor?

    (c) May he shine in life.

    (d) A lie is never told by them.

    (e) How nicely their only daughter dances!

    4.

    (a) Mr. Jahir is a strong man (Negative). (b) It is a matter of surprise that he was a dangerous fighter in his youth (Exclamatory). (c) He was the best boxer in Bangladesh (Positive). (d) His grandson is not less strong than he (Affirmative). (e) The boy is always honest (Negative).

    Answer no-4:

    (a) Mr. Jahir is not a weak man.

    (b)What a dangerous fighter he was in his youth!

    (c) No other boxer in Bangladesh was so good as he.

    (d) His grandson is as strong as he.

    (e) The boy is never dishonest.

    5.

    (a) Abir is better than most other men in the village (Positive). (b) He loves all his friends (Negative). (c) He performs his tasks very efficiently (Exclamatory). (d) He is always grateful to his parents (Negative). (e) His son prefers only toys (Passive).

    Answer no-5:

    (a) Very few men in the village are so good as Abir.

    (b) He does not hate any of his friends.

    (c) How efficiently he performs his tasks!

    (d) He is never ungrateful to his parents.

    (e) Only toys are preferred by his son.

    6.

    (a) Morshed is one of the wisest men in the village (Comparative). (b) Nobody is his enemy (Affirmative). (c) He speaks so softly (Exclamatory). (d) We should help him in his work (Passive). (e) We wish that he will succeed in life (Optative).

    Answer no-6:

    (a) Morshed is wiser than most other men in the village.

    (b) Everybody is his friend.

    (c) How softly he speaks!

    (d) He should be helped by us in his work.

    (e) May he succeed in life.

    7.

    (a) Mr Shaheen is clever than most other men in the area (Superlative). (b) He behaves very nicely (Exclamatory). (c) He never tells a lie (Affirmative). (d) Everybody is pleased with him (Active). (e) He is not a poor man (Interrogative).

    Answer no-7:

    (a) Mr Shaheen is one of the cleverest men in the area.

    (b) How nicely he behaves!

    (c) He always speaks the truth.

    (d) He pleases everybody.

    (e) Is he a poor man?

    8.

    (a) Mr. Habibur Rahman is a religious man (Negative). (b) He offers his prayers very sincerely (Passive). (c) Very few men in the village are so helpful as he. (Superlative). (d) His son never tells a lie (Affirmative). (e) He is always punctual (Negative).

    Answer no-8:

    (a) Mr. Habibur Rahman is not an irreligious man.

    (b) His prayers are offered very sincerely.

    (c) He is one of the most helpful men in the village.

    (d) His son always speaks the truth.

    (e) He is never late.

    9.

    (a) Aslam is a simpleminded boy (Negative). (b) No other boy in the class is so gentle as he (Superlative). (c) He does his works accurately (Exclamatory). (d) We should encourage him in his work (Imperative).

    (e) No sooner had he reached the class than the rain started (Affirmative).

    Answer no-9:

    (a) Aslam is not a complicated-minded boy.

    (b) He is the gentlest boy in the class.

    (c) How accurately he does his works!

    (d) Let us encourage him in his work.

    (e) As soon as he reached the class, the rain started.

    10.

    (a) Mrs Masuma is one of the most famous physicians of the locality (Positive). (b) The local people are proud of her (Interrogative). (c) She is very kind to her patients (Exclamatory). (d) They think that she is immortal (Negative). (e) We should take care of her (Passive).

    Answer no-10:

    (a) Very few physicians of the locality are so famous as Mrs Masuma.

    (b) Aren’t the local people proud of her?

    (c) How kind she is to her patients!

    (d) They don’t think that she is mortal.

    (e) She should be taken care of by us.

    11.

    (a) Rabiul is a regular student (Negative). (b) He is very attentive to his studies (Interrogative). (c) He never disobeys his parents (Affirmative). (d) Everybody likes him (Negative). (e) His tone is very sweet (Exclamatory).

    Answer no-11:

    (a) Rabiul is not an irregular student.

    (b) Isn’t he very attentive to his studies?

    (c) He always obeys his parents.

    (d) Nobody dislikes him.

    (e) How sweet his tone is!

    12.

    (a) Asma is a famous lawyer (Interrogative).

    (b) She is older than Sabrina (Positive).

    (c) She talks very smartly (Exclamatory).

    (d) Everybody respects her (Passive).

    (e) She never hates anybody (Affirmative).

    Answer no-12:

    (a) Isn’t Asma a famous lawyer?

    (b) Sabrina is not as old as she.

    (c) How smartly she talks!

    (d) She is respected by everybody.

    (e) She always loves everybody.

    13.

    (a) Mr Shafiq is a complicated man (Negative). (b) He is one of the most intelligent men in his village (Comparative). (c) He visits his uncle daily (Interrogative). (d) He talks so loudly (Exclamatory). (e) We should hold him high (Passive).

    Answer no-13:

    (a) Mr. Shafiq is not an easy man.

    (b) He is more intelligent than most other men in the village.

    (c) Doesn’t he visit his uncle daily?

    (d) How loudly he talks!

    (e) He should be held high by us.

    14.

    (a) Matia is an honest woman (Interrogative). (b) No other woman in our village is so dedicated as she (Superlative). (c) She always follows the right path (Negative). (d) She is very straightforward in her way of life (Exclamatory). (e) We wish that she will live long (Optative).

    Answer no-14:

    (a) Isn’t Matia an honest woman?

    (b) She is the most dedicated woman in our village.

    (c) The right path is always followed by her.

    (d) How straightforward she is in her way of life!

    (e) May she live long.

    15.

    (a) Tasnim is one of the cleverest boys in the class (Positive). (b) He is never late in his class (Affirmative). (c) He always speaks the truth (Negative). (d) He is kind to all his friends (Interrogative). (e) We should be sympathetic to him (Imperative).

    Answer no-15:

    (a) Vey few boys in the class are so clever as Tasnim.

    (b) He is always punctual in his class.

    (c) He never tells a lie.

    (d) Isn’t he kind to all is friends?

    (e) Let us be sympathetic to him.

    16.

    (a) The elephant is the strongest animal in the world (Comparative). (b) It is very ferocious (Exclamatory). (c) It is not immortal (Affirmative). (d) It is a wild animal (Negative). (e) It is found everywhere in the world (Interrogative).

    Answer no-16:

    (a) The elephant is stronger than any other animal in the world.

    (b) How ferocious it is!

    (c) It is mortal.

    (d) It is not a tame animal.

    (e) Isn’t it found everywhere in the world?

    17.

    (a) The Chinese are very industrious (Negative). (b) They are not harmful (Interrogative). (c) They are the wisest nation in the world (Positive). (d) They are very smart in their work (Exclamatory). (e) We should follow them (Passive).

    Answer no-17:

    (a) The Chinese are not lazy.

    (b) Are they harmful?

    (c) No other nation in the world is so wise as they.

    (d) How smart they are in their work!

    (e) They should be followed by us.

    18.

    (a) Mrs. Sabrina is one of the greatest singers in the world (Comparative). (b) She sings very sweetly (Exclamatory). (c) People will never forget her (Affirmative). (d) She is hopeful of her future success (Interrogative). (e) We should respect her (Imperative).

    Answer no-18:

    (a) Mrs. Sabrina is greater than most other singers in the world.

    (b) How sweetly she sings!

    (c) People will always remember her.

    (d) Isn’t she hopeful of her future success?

    (e) Let us respect her.

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    19.

    (a) Dhaka is more densely populated than most other cities in the world (Positive). (b) It is the most peaceful city in the world (Comparative). (c) Its streets are very crowded (Exclamatory). (d) But its residents are diligent (Negative). (e) We are proud of this city (Interrogative).

    Answer no-19:

    (a) Very few cities in the world are so densely populated as Dhaka.

    (b) It is more peaceful than any other city in the world.

    (c) How crowded its streets are!

    (d) But its residents are not lazy.

    (e) Aren’t we proud of this city?

    20.

    (a) Mrs. Tania is a famous university teacher (Interrogative). (b) Her style of teaching is different (Negative). (c) No other teacher in the university is so efficient as she (Superlative). (d) Everybody of the department honours her (Negative). (e) We should follow her ideals (Imperative).

    Answer no-20:

    (a) Isn’t Mrs. Tania a famous university teacher?

    (b) Her style of teaching is not the same.

    (c) She is the most efficient teacher in the university.

    (d) None of the department dishonours her.

    (e) Let us follow her ideals.

    21.

    (a) My friend invited me to pay a visit to Cox’s Bazar (Interrogative). (b) I accepted the invitation (Passive). (c) I was glad to see the sea beaches in the world (Exclamatory). (d) It is one of the longest sea beaches in the world (Positive). (e) I shall always remember this journey (Negative).

    Answer no-21:

    (a) Didn’t my friend invite me to pay a visit to Cox’s Bazar?

    (b) The invitation was accepted by me.

    (c) How glad I was to see the sea beaches in the world!

    (d) Very few sea beaches in the world are as long as it.

    (e) I shall never forget the journey.

    22.

    (a) Day to day life in the city is expensive (Negative). (b) The poor people lead a miserable life (Exclamatory). (c) Price hike is one of the biggest problems for them (Positive). (d) Some greedy businessmen are responsible for price spiral (Interrogative). (e) The government has taken necessary measures to keep the price hike under control (Interrogative).

    Answer no-22:

    (a) Day to day life in the city is not cheap.

    (b) What a miserable life the poor people lead!

    (c) Very few problems for them are as big as price hike.

    (d) Aren’t some greedy businessmen responsible for price spiral?

    (e) Hasn’t the government taken necessary measures to keep the price hike under control?

    23.

    (a) We should read books attentively (Imperative). (b) Books introduce us to the best society (Passive). (c) Books contain noble thoughts and great ideas (Interrogative). (d) We cannot but read books to enrich our mind (Affirmative). (e) Books are the greatest friends (Comparative).

    Answer no-23:

    (a) Let us read books attentively.

    (b) We are introduced to the best society by books.

    (c) Don’t books contain noble thoughts and great ideas?

    (d) We must read books to enrich our mind.

    (e) Books are greater than any other friend.

    24.

    (a) Mr Hamid is not a complicated-minded person (Affirmative). (b) No other man in the village is so good as he (Superlative). (c) His grand daughter sings very sweetly (Exclamatory). (d) He leads a happy life (Negative). (e) We should visit his sweet palace (Passive).

    Answer no-24:

    (a) Mr Hamid is a simple-minded person.

    (b) He is the best man in the village.

    (c) How sweetly his grand daughter sings!

    (d) He does not lead an unhappy life.

    (e) His sweet palace should be visited by us.

    25.

    (a) We should receive education (Imperative). (b) The nation needs worthy citizens (Interrogative). (c) They will remove illiteracy and corruption from the country (Interrogative). (d) Very few things for this are as important as education (Superlative). (e) Education is the only way to develop our country (Negative).

    Answer no-25:

    (a) Let us receive education.

    (b) Doesn’t the nation need worthy citizens?

    (c) Won’t they remove illiteracy and corruption from the country?

    (d) Education is one of the most important things for this. (e) Nothing but education is the way to develop our country.

    26.

    (a) Very few countries in the world are as populous as Bangladesh (Comparative). (b) Here the village people lead a very simple life (Exclamatory). (c) They work hard to support their families (Interrogative). (d) These farmers must be supported (Active). (e) Their dedication is immeasurable (Negative).

    Answer no-26:

    (a) Bangladesh is more populous than most other countries in the world.

    (b) What a simple life here the village people lead! (c) Don’t they work hard to support their families?

    (d) We must support these farmers.

    (e) Their dedication is not measurable.

    27.

    (a) Corruption is a curse to our nation (Negative). (b) It is more dreadful than any other problem (Superlative). (c) It prevails in every walk in our life (Interrogative). (d) It paralyses the whole nation (Passive). (e) We cannot but stand against corruption (Affirmative).

    Answer no-27:

    (a) Corruption is not a blessing to our nation.

    (b) It is the most dreadful problem.

    (c) Doesn’t it prevail in every walk of our life? (d) The whole nation is paralyzed by it.

    (e) We must stand against corruption.

    28.

    (a) Traffic jam is a common affair in big cities and towns (Interrogative). (b) It is one of the biggest problems (Comparative). (c) The causes of traffic jam are many (Negative). (d) The drivers are not willing to obey the traffic rules (Affirmative). (e) We should solve this problem as soon as possible (Imperative).

    Answer no-28:

    (a) Isn’t traffic jam a common affair in big cities and towns?

    (b) It is bigger than most other problems.

    (c) The causes of traffic jam are not few.

    (d) The drivers are unwilling to obey the traffic rules. (e) Let us solve this problem as soon as possible.

    29.

    (a) Karim is one of the oldest man in the village (Positive). (b) He is strong and active (Negative). (c) He never gets up late (Affirmative). (d) He exercises regularly (Interrogative). (e) He is respected by all (Active).

    Answer-29:

    (a) Very few men in the village are as old as Karim. (b) He is not weak and lazy.

    (c) He always gets up early. (d) Doesn’t he exercise regularly? (e) All respect him.

    30.

    (a) Mobile phone is very essential (Interrogative). (b) It is very easy to operate (Exclamatory). (c) No other thing is as useful as mobile phone (Superlative). (d) It is not expensive (Affirmative). (e) There is no alternative to mobile phone in communication (Interrogative).

    Answer no-30:

    (a) Isn’t mobile phone very essential?

    (b) How easy it is to operate!

    (c) Mobile phone is the most useful thing.

    (d) It is cheap.

    (e) Is there any alternative to mobile phone in communication?

    31.

    (a) No other boy in the class is as good as Tareq (Superlative). (b) He is attentive to his studies (Negative). (c) He is never late in his class (Affirmative). (d) He is very friendly with all his classmates (Exclamatory). (e) Everybody loves him (Interrogative).

    Answer no-31:

    (a) Tareq is the best boy in the class.

    (b) He is not inattentive to his studies.

    (c) He is always punctual in his class.

    (d) How friendly he is with all his classmates!

    (e) Who doesn’t love him?

    32.

    (a) Very few insects are as busy as the bee (Comparative). (b) The bee is an industrious creature (Negative). (c) It lives together (Negative). (d) It flies from flower to flower to collect honey (Interrogative). (e) Honey is very sweet (Exclamatory).

    Answer no-32:

    (a) The bee is busier than most other insects.

    (b) The bee is not an idle creature.

    (c) It doesn’t live separately.

    (d) Doesn’t it fly from flower to flower to collect honey?

    (e) How sweet honey is!

    33.

    (a) Water is very important (Exclamatory). (b) It is more important than any other thing (Positive). (c) Everybody knows it (Interrogative). (d) But we pollute water (Passive). (e) Water pollution should be stopped by us (Active).

    Answer no-33:

    (a) How important water is!

    (b) No other thing is as important as it.

    (c) Who doesn’t know it?

    (d) But water is polluted by us.

    (e) We should stop water pollution.

    34.

    (a) Dhaka is a big city (Negative). (b) It is more populous than any other city in the world (Positive). (c) Here life is not easy (Affirmative). (d) Price hike is one of the biggest problems (Comparative). (e) The city people lead a miserable life (Exclamatory).

    Answer no-34:

    (a) Dhaka is not a small city.

    (b) No other city in the world is as populous as it.

    (c) Here life is difficult.

    (d) Price hike is bigger than most other problems.

    (e) What a miserable life the city people lead!

    35.

    (a) I shall never forget my school life (Affirmative). (b) I spent a wonderful time there (Exclamatory). (c) How peaceful and lovely the life was! (Assertive). (d) The beauty of student life beggars description (Interrogative). (e) No other part of my life was as memorable as student life (Superlative).

    Answer no-35:

    (a) I shall always remember my school life.

    (b) What a wonderful time I spent there!

    (c) The life was very peaceful and lovely.

    (d) Doesn’t the beauty of student life beggar description?

    (e) Student life was the most memorable part of my life.

    36.

    (a) No other festival in Bangladesh is as big as Pahela Baishakh (Superlative). (b) People wear traditional dress on this day (Interrogative). (c) People look very cheerful (Exclamatory). (d) Everybody attends a Baishakhi Mela (Negative). (e) People forget their miseries for the time being (Passive).

    Answer no-36:

    (a) Pahela Baishakh is the biggest festival in Bangladesh. (b) Don’t people wear traditional dress on this day? (c) How cheerful people look! (d) There is nobody but attends a Baishakhi Mela. (e) Their miseries are forgotten for the time being by people.

    37.

    (a) Trees are our friend (Negative). (b) It is not very costly (Interrogative). (c) Trees play an important role in our environment (Exclamatory). (d) They give us the life saving oxygen (Interrogative). (e) So we must plant trees for our existence (Passive).

    Answer no-37:

    (a) Trees are not our foe /enemy.

    (b) Is it very costly? (c) What an important role trees play in our environment!

    (d) Don’t they give us the life-saving oxygen?

    (e) So trees must be planted by us for our existence.

    38.

    (a) Both Rafiq and Razib read in a village school (Negative). (b) They are the best boys in their class (Comparative). (c) They are very attentive and always punctual (Negative). (d)They are very popular (Exclamatory). (e) Everybody loves them (Interrogative).

    Answer no-38:

    (a) Not only Rafiq but also Razib read in a village school. (b) They are better than any other boy in their class.

    (c) They are not at all inattentive and never late. (d) How popular they are!

    (e) Who doesn’t love them?

    39.

    (a) Hasan is a meritorious student (Negative). He always makes good result. (b) The headmaster has given him a gold ring (Interrogative). (c) It is a nice gold ring (Exclamatory). (d) His parents are proud of him (Interrogative). (e) He never disobeys his parents and teachers (Affirmative).

    Answer no-39:

    (a) Hasan is not a dull student.

    (b) Hasn’t the headmaster given him a gold ring? (c) What a nice gold ring it is!

    (d) Aren’t his parents proud of him?

    (e) His parents and teachers are never disobeyed by him.

    40.

    (a) What an exciting game cricket is! (Assertive). (b) People of all ages like this game (Negative). (c) It is more popular than any other game in our country (Positive). (d) The game is very enjoyable (Exclamatory). (e) I am fond of watching cricket match (Interrogative).

    Answer no-40:

    (a) Cricket is a very exciting game.

    (b) People of any age don’t dislike this game.

    (c) No other game in our country is as popular as it. (d) How enjoyable the game is!

    (e) Aren’t I fond of watching cricket match?

    41.

    (a) Health is the greatest of all wealth (Comparative). (b) A sick man can not enjoy life (Passive). (c) We must follow some rules to keep good health (Negative). (d) For good health, we can not but eat a balanced diet (Affirmative). (e) Shouldn’t we be conscious of health (Assertive).

    Answer no-41:

    (a) Health is greater than all other wealth.

    (b) Life can not be enjoyed by a sick man.

    (c) We cannot but follow some rules to keep good health. (d) For good health, we must eat a balanced diet.

    (e) We should be conscious of health.

    42.

    (a) Who has not heard the name of Kazi Nazrul Islam (Affirmative). (b) Very few poets in Bengali literature are as famous as he (Superlative). (c) His writing awakened the people of this subcontinent (Interrogative). (d) He inspired the people to fight for independence (Passive). (e) Would that I were a poet like him! (Assertive).

    Answer no-42:

    (a) Everybody has heard the name of Kazi Nazrul Islam.

    (b) He is one of the most famous poets in Bengali literature.

    (c) Didn’t his writing awaken the people of this subcontinent?

    (d) The people were inspired to fight for independence by him.

    (e) I wish I were a poet like him.

    43.

    (a) Poverty is the greatest problem in our country (Positive). (b) Many do not try to better their condition by hard labour (Interrogative). (c) They only curse their fate (Negative). (d) None but a man is the maker of his own fortune (Affirmative). (e) So, is there anything for us but to work? (Assertive).

    Answer no-43:

    (a) No other problem in our country is as great as poverty.

    (b) Do many try to better their condition by hard labour? (c) They do nothing but curse their fate. (d) Only a man is the maker of his own fortune. (e) So, there is nothing for us but to work.

    44.

    (a) He sent me a book (Interrogative).

    (b) It was a very interesting book (Exclamatory). (c) It had many interesting aspects (Negative). (d) The writer depicted a very realistic society (Passive). (e) He is one of the most famous writers of the world (Positive).

    Answer no-44:

    (a) Didn’t he send me a book?

    (b) What an interesting book it was!

    (c) It had not few interesting aspects.

    (d) A very realistic society was depicted by the writer.

    (e) Very few writers of the world are as famous as he.

    45.

    Industry is the key to success. (a) No one can prosper in life without industry (Affirmative). (b) We have to work for our prosperity (Interrogative). (c) Only the industrious people change the lot of a nation (Negative). (d) Women can contribute to our development as much as men (Comparative). (e) So, female education is one of the most important matters now (Positive).

    Answer no-45:

    (a) One can prosper in life through industry. (b) Don’t we have to work for our prosperity?

    (c) None but the industrious people change the lot of a nation.

    (d) Men cannot contribute to our development more than women.

    (e) So, very few maters are as important as female education now.

    46.

    (a) No sooner had Reza seen me than he ran to me (Affirmative). (b) He looked very happy to see me (Exclamatory). (c) I enquired of his family (Interrogative). (d) He is one of my best friends (Comparative). (e) I love him very much (Passive).

    Answer no-46:

    (a) Reza ran to me as soon as he saw me.

    (b) How happy he looked to see me!

    (c) Didn’t I enquire of his family?

    (d) He is better than my most other friends. (e) He is loved very much by me.

    47.

    (a) Television is one of the most wonderful inventions of modern science (Positive). (b) It plays a very important role in our life (Exclamatory). (c) It both entertains and educates us (Negative). (d) Distance learning is also done through it (Interrogative). (e) But it is not totally free from evil effects (Interrogative).

    Answer no-47:

    (a) Very few inventions of modern science are as wonderful as television.

    (b) What an important role it plays in our life!

    (c) It not only entertains but also educates us. (d) Isn’t distance learning also done through it?

    (e) But, is it totally free from evil effects?

    48.

    (a) Walking is better than any other exercise (Superlative). (b) Everyone prefers walking as an exercise in the morning (Interrogative). (c) It keeps our body fit for working (Negative). (d) So, we should never forget this (Passive). (e) Good health is very valuable (Exclamatory).

    Answer no-48:

    (a) Walking is the best exercise.

    (b) Who doesn’t prefer walking as an exercise in the morning? (c) It doesn’t keep our body unfit for working.

    (d) So, this should never be forgotten by us. (e) How valuable good health is!

    49.

    (a) Computer is the most wonderful invention of modern science (Comparative). (b) It can store a very great number of information (Exclamatory).

    (c) We all should have computer education (Interrogative). (d) Yesterday, I bought a very sophisticated computer (Passive).

    (e) It has not only blessings but also some bad aspects (Affirmative).

    Answer-49:

    (a) Computer is more wonderful than any other invention of modern science.

    (b) What a great number of information it can store!

    (c) Shouldn’t we all have computer education?

    (d) Yesterday, a very sophisticated computer was bought by me.

    (e) It has both blessings and bad aspects.

    50.

    (a) Jahir is my best friend (Interrogative). (b) We go to school regularly (Negative). (c)We never disobey our superiors (Passive). (d) On my birthday, he presented me a very nice book (Exclamatory). (e) It is the best book in my store (Positive).

    Answer-50:

    (a) Isn’t Jahir my best friend?

    (b) We don’t go to school irregularly.

    (c) Our superiors are never disobeyed by us.

    (d) What a nice book he presented me on my birthday!

    (e) No other book in my store is as good as it.

    51.

    (a) Abul Mian is one of the poorest farmers in the village (comparative). (b) He is very active (Negative). (c) He cultivates others lands (Passive). (d) A poor life is led by him (Active). (e) He does not run after money (Interrogative).

    Answer-51

    (a) Abul Mian is poorer than most other farmers in the village.

    (b) He is not inactive at all.

    (c) Other’s lands are cultivated by him.

    (d) He leads a poor life.

    (e) Does he run after money?

    52.

    (a) Tarek is the best student in the class (Positive). (b) He is attentive to his studies. (Negative). (c) He does not keep bad company (Affirmative). (d) He helps the weaker students (Passive). (e) Everybody loves him (Interrogative).

    Answer no-52:

    (a) No other student in the class is as good as Tarek.

    (b) He is not inattentive to his studies.

    (c) He always keeps good company.

    (d) The weaker students are helped by him.

    (e) Who doesn’t love him?

    53.

    (a) Book is the best of all friends (Comparative). (b) It delights us (Interrogative). (c) A book is cheaper than most other things (Positive). (d) Who does not like a book? (Affirmative). (e) It is more valuable than any other thing (Positive).

    Answer no-53:

    (a) Book is better than all other friends.

    (b) Doesn’t it delight us?

    (c) Very few things are as cheap as a book.

    (d) Everybody likes a book.

    (e) No other thing is as valuable as it.

    54.

    (a) Gold is the most precious metal (Positive). (b) It is bought by the wealthy persons (Active). (c) Every woman likes it (Negative). (d)The price of gold is increasing day by day (Interrogative). (e) Who does not like gold? (Affirmative).

    Answer no-54:

    (a) No other metal is as precious as gold.

    (b) The wealthy persons buy it.

    (c) There is no woman but likes it.

    (d) Isn’t the price of gold increasing day by day?

    (e) Everybody likes gold.

    55.

    (a) Very few metals are as useful as iron (Superlative). (b) It is used for construction purpose (Active). (c) Bangladesh imports iron (Interrogative). (d) It is a heavy metal (Negative). (e) There is no building without iron (Affirmative).

    Answer no-55:

    (a) Iron is one of the most useful metals.

    (b) People use it for construction purpose.

    (c) Doesn’t Bangladesh import iron?

    (d) It is not a light metal.

    (e) Every building has iron.

    56.

    (a) No other boy is as reliable as Sumon (Comparative). (b) He is sincere to his duties (Negative). (c) He does not put off any work for tomorrow (Interrogative). (d) He finishes his duties in time (Passive). (e) Nobody hates him (Affirmative).

    Answer no-56:

    (a) Sumon is more reliable than any other boy.

    (b) He is not insincere to his duties.

    (c) Does he put off any work for tomorrow?

    (d) His duties are finished by him in time.

    (e) Everybody likes him.

    Transform the following sentences as directed.
    1. a) You should not find fault with others. (Imperative)
    b) Bhutan is one of the smallest countries in Asia. (Comparative)
    c) He leads a very unhappy life. (Exclamatory)
    d) Every rose has thorn (Negative)
    e) Nobody trusts a liar. (Interrogative)

    1. a) Very few animals are so cunning as the fox. (Superlative)
      b) The problem was so difficult that we could not solve. (Affirmative)
      c) Their glory can never fade. (Interrogative)
      d) He plays football. (Imperative)
      e) Every mother loves her child. (Negative)
    2. a) I wish I had the wings of a dove. (Exclamatory)
      b) As soon as he saw me, he left the place (Negative)
      c) He has only a few friends, (Negative)
      d) Very few cities of the world are as famous as London. (Superlative)
      e) Never tell a lie. (Assertive)
    3. a) A little learning is a dangerous thing (Exclamatory)
      b) This pen is not as fine as mine. (Comparative)
      c) Her parents always like her. (Negative)
      d) No sooner had he seen the bear he ran away. (Affirmative).
      e) Everybody likes an honest man. (Interrogative)
    4. a) Truthfulness is one of the greatest virtues in a man’s life. (Comparative)
      b) Cricket is a very exciting game. (Exclamatory)
      c) Nothing can prevent me from doing this (Interrogative)
      d) He went to school. (Negative)
      e) I cannot help going there. (Affirmative)
    5. a) A plane flies faster than a bird. (Positive)
      b) He was always punctual. (Negative)
      c) If I could sing a song! (Assertive)
      d) When can their glory fade? (Assertive)
      e) I can never forget you. (Interrogative)
    6. a) Bangladesh is smaller than many other countries in the world. (Positive)
      b) You should look before you leap. (Imperative)
      c) The rose is a very beautiful flower. (Exclamatory)
      d) He never played football. (Interrogative)
      e) Everybody lives in a society. (Interrogative)

    Transform the following sentences as directed.
    8) a) The problem is so difficult that we cannot solve it. (Affirmative)
    b) None hits accurately every time. (Interrogative)
    c) The rice of Dinajpur is finer than that of Rajshahi. (Positive)
    d) Everybody lives in the society. (Negative)
    e) There is no mother but loves her child. (Affirmative)

    9) a) Cricket is one of the most popular games in Bangladesh. (Positive)
    b) I shall never forget you. (Affirmative)
    c) His handwriting is very clear. (Exclamatory)
    d) We do not hate the poor. (imperative)
    e) I never drink tea. (Interrogative)
    10) a) How exciting the football match was! (Assertive)
    b) Tigers are ferocious animals. (Interrogative)
    c) Dhaka is an old city. (Negative)
    d) If I could enter the place! (Assertive)
    e) He is the wisest man in the village. (Positive)

    11) a) We should settle the dispute. (Imperative)
    b) He was a man of great intelligence. (Negative)
    c) A scholar is not always right (Affirmative)
    d) Very few metals are as useful as iron. (Comparative)
    e) Nobody can escape death. (Interrogative)

    12) a) Computer is the blessing of modern science. (Negative)
    b) Cricket is a very exciting game. (Exclamatory)
    c) Nothing can prevent me from doing then. (Interrogative)
    d) She roasted the duck. (Interrogative)
    e) Very few natural calamities are as dangerous as earthquake. (Superlative)
    Answer Sheet

    1) a) Don’t find fault with others.
    b) Bhutan is smaller than most other states in Aisa.
    c) What an unhappy life he leads!
    d) There is no rose but has thorn.
    e) Who trusts a liar?

    2) a) The fox is one of the most currying animals.
    b) The problem was too difficult for us to solve.
    c) Can their glory ever fade?
    d) Let his play football.
    e) There is no mother but loves her child.

    3) a) If I had the wings of a bird!
    or,Had I the wings of a bird!
    b) No sooner had he seen me than he left the place.
    c) He doesnot have many friends.
    d) London is one of the most famous cities in the world.
    e) You should never tell a lie.

    4) a) What a dangerous thing a little Learning is!
    b) My pen is finer than this.
    c) Her parents never dislike her.
    d) As soon as he saw the bear, he ran away.
    e) Who doesn’t like an honest man?

    5) a) Truthfulness is greater than most other virtues in a man’s life.
    b) What an exciting game cricket is!
    c) Can anything prevent me from doing this?
    d) He was not absent from the school.
    e) I must go there.

    1. a) A bird doesn’t fly as fast as a plane.
      b) He was never late.
      c) I wish I could sing a song.
      d) Their glory can never fade.
      e) Can I ever forget you?
    2. a) Very few countries in the world are so small as Bangladesh.
      b) Look before you leap.
      c) What a beautiful flower the rose is!
      d) Did he ever play football?
      e) Who doesn’t live in the society?
    3. a) The problem is too difficult for us to solve.
      b) Who hits accurately every time?
      c) The rice of Rajshahi is not so fine as that of Dinajpur.
      d) There is nobody but lives in the society.
      e) Every mother loves her child.
    4. a) Very few games in bangladesh are as popular as cricket.
      b) I shall always remember you.
      c) How clear his handwriting is!
      d) Let us not her the poor.
      e) Do I ever drink tea?
    5. a) The football match was very exciting.
      b) Are tigers not ferocious animals?
      c) Dhaka is not a new city.
      d) I wish I could enter the place.
      e) No other man in the village is as wise as he.
      11. a) Let us settle the dispute.
      b) He was not a fool at all.
      c) A scholar is sometimes wrong.
      d) Iron is more useful than most other metals.
      e) Can anybody escape death?
    6. a) Computer is not a curse of modern science.
      b) What an exciting game cricket is!
      c) Can anything prevent me from doing this?
      d) Didn’t she roast the duck?
      e) Earthquake is one of the most dangerous natural calamities.

    Exercises on Transformation for SSC

    Abdullah

    Exercises on Transformation for SSC

    1. (Dhaka Board-2020)

    (a) Once upon a time, there was a little girl named Tarin. (Compound)

    (b) Though she was a nice little girl, she was not an ordinary child. (Simple)

    (c) She passed her time in reading and writing. (Interrogative)

    (d) Her parents liked her very much. (Negative)

    (e) Everyone praised her. (Passive)

    (f) She was very attentive to her study. (Exclamatory)

    (g) She also helped her mother in her free time. (Complex)

    (h) She never told a lie. (Interrogative)

    (i) She was one of the most intelligent girls in the school. (Positive)

    (j) She worked hard to shine in life. (Complex)

    1. (Mymensingh Board-2020)

    (a) Cricket is a very exciting game. (Exclamatory sentence)

    (b) People of all ages enjoy this game. (Passive voice)

    (c) It is played all over the world. (Active voice)

    (d) At present, it is the most popular game in our country. (Comparative Degree)

    (e) Though cricket is a costly game, people of all classes enjoy playing it. (Simple sentence)

    (f)The game is played between two teams each consisting of eleven players. (Complex sentence)

    (g) There are two umpires who conduct the game. (Simple sentence)

    (h) It is full of thrill and excitement for the spectators. (Interrogative sentence)

    (i) Bangladesh is a test-playing country developing its standard day by day. (Compound sentence)

    (j) We must try our best to improve its present position. (Negative sentence without changing meaning)

    1. (Rajshahi Board-2020)

    (a) Terrorism is a devastating phenomenon of the modern world. (Exclamatory)

    (b) At present, it is called a challenge to fight against it. (Active)

    (c) Who is not now in the threat of violence? (Assertive)

    (d) Terrorism is more disastrous than anything. (Positive)

    (e)It is one of the most corrosive problems of the modern world. (Comparative)

    (f) Nobody wants his children to be terrorist in future. (Interrogative)

    (g)Though there is law to punish the terrorists, it is not properly applied. (Simple)

    (h) By applying the law properly, we can get rid of it. (Complex)

    (i)We have to create social awareness to fight against corruption. (Compound)

    (j)We all should avoid the killers of mankind. (Negative)

    1. (Cumilla Board-2020)

    (a) Health is wealth. (Make complex sentence)

    (b) A healthy poor man is happier than a sick moneyed man. (Use positive degree)

    (c) Though a healthy man is an asset to his family, an unhealthy man is a liability. (Make compound sentence)

    (d) He can succeed in life. (Make interrogative sentence)

    (e) So, everybody cannot but be conscious of his health. (Make affirmative sentence)

    (f) Everybody must take care of his health all the time. (Make negative sentence)

    (g) Health can be improved by regular physical exercise and a balanced diet. (Use active voice)

    (h) People who are poor cannot afford to take a balanced diet. (Make simple sentences)

    (i) They are very concerned with the quantity of food. (Make exclamatory)

    (j) Everybody should know it that malnutrition causes weakness. (Use passive voices)

    1. (Chattogram Board-2020)

    (a) Wherever we may cast our eyes, we notice the achievement of science. (Make it simple)

    (b) The electricity lights both the streets and the houses. (Make it negative)

    (c) The radio broadcasts news, songs and lectures. (Make it passive)

    (d) There is cinema to delight in the evening. (Make it complex)

    (e) Computer is one of the most important inventions of modern science. (Make it positive)

    (f) Who can go without it? (Make it assertive)

    (g) Internet is as important as computer. (Make it comparative)

    (h) It helps us to know about the world. (Make it compound)

    (i) It is greater than all other inventions of modern science. (Make it superlative)

    (j) The invention of computer is a great miraculous event. (Make it exclamatory)

    1. (Sylhet Board 2020)

    (a) Haji Mohammad Mohsin was more gracious than any other man in this subcontinent. (Positive)

    (b) He was born in Hoogli. (Complex)

    (c) He inherited a vast property from his father and sister. (Interrogative without changing meaning)

    (d) He did not misuse this wealth. (Passive)

    (e) He is called a friend of humanity. (Active)

    (f)He did not marry. (Affirmative)

    (g) During his lifetime, he spent money lavishly to help the poor. (Compound)

    (h) He was very kind to the poor: (Negative without changing meaning)

    (i)One day when a thief entered his room, he caught him. (Simple)

    (j)He caught the thief but did not punish him. (Complex)

    1. (Barishal Board-2020)

    (a) Man is the maker of his own fortune. (Interrogative)

    (b) If he makes a proper use of his time, he is sure to prosper in life. (Simple)

    (c) The person doing otherwise is sure to repent later. (Complex)

    (d) The lazy suffer miserably in the long run. (Exclamatory)

    (e)To kill time is to commit suicide. (Interrogative)

    (f) Our life is nothing but a sum total of hours, days and years. (Assertive)

    (g)Youth is the most valuable season of life. (Positive)

    (h) In youth mind is soft and it can be shaped easily. (Simple)

    (i) Unless you use the morning hours of life, you have to pay a heavy price afterwards. (Compound)

    (j) It is called the seedtime of life. (Active)

    Change the sentences according to directions.

    1. (Dhaka Board-2019)

    (a) Man is the best creation of God. (Comparative)

    (b) Isn’t it our responsibility to do good deeds? (Assertive)

    (c)Our life is not measured by months or years. (Active)

    (d) Honest people lead a happy life. (Complex)

    (e) It matters little if a man lives many years or not. (Interrogative)

    (f) Nobody is absolutely happy on earth. (Affirmative)

    (g) So we should not waste time in vain. (Passive)

    (h)If we use time properly, we can be benefited. (Simple)

    (i) All men must die. (Negative)

    (j)Though we take utmost care, we cannot avoid death. (Compound)

    1. (Rajshahi Board-2019)

    (a) Patriotism is a noble virtue. (Interrogative)

    (b) It is the greatest of all virtues in a man’s life. (Comparative)

    (c) It persuades a man to do everything just. (Negative).

    (d) This quality highly motivates a man so that he can sacrifice his life for the country. (Simple)

    (e) What an outstanding quality it is! (Assertive)

    (f) A man having patriotic zeal is called a patriot. (Complex)

    (g) A patriot fears none but the Creator. (Affirmative)

    (h)By paving taxes he obeys the law. (Compound)

    (i) He is respected by all. (Active)

    (j) So, we should be patriots. (Imperative)

    1. (Dinjapur Board-2019)

    (a)Facebook is a common social network. (Make it a negative sentence)

    (b)Now, it is being used all over the world. (Make it an active voice)

    (c)Everybody uses it. (Make it an interrogative sentence)

    (d) There is no student without a smart phone. (Make it an affirmative sentence)

    (e)Who does not like social network? (Make it an assertive sentence)

    (f)Facebook is the best of all social networks. (Make it a positive degree)

    (g)It gives pleasure but we cannot get freedom to use it. (Make it a simple sentence)

    (h)Use it or you cannot keep pace with the modern world. (Make it a complex sentence)

    (i) We can get many new pieces of information by using it. (Make it a compound sentence)

    (j) Would that I could open a Facebook account. (Make it an assertive sentence)

    1. (Jashore Board-2019)

    (a) Terrorism is a devastating phenomenon of the modern world. (Exclamatory)

    (b) At present, it is increasing alarmingly. (Interrogative)

    (c)Nothing is as disastrous as terrorism. (Comparative)

    (d)It is one of the most corrosive problems of the modern world. (Positive)

    (e)A terrorist is hated by people. (Active)

    (f)Who is not now in the threat of violence? (Assertive)

    (g) Though there are laws to punish the terrorists, they are not properly applied. (Compound)

    (h)By applying the laws properly, we can get rid of terrorism. (Complex)

    (i)What a miserable life a terrorist leads! (Assertive)

    (j)They should be brought to book. (Active)

    1. (Cumilla Board-2019)

    (a) Computer is one of the greatest inventions of modern science. (Positive)

    (b)Computer is a blessing on earth. (Negative)

    (c) Though it is a blessing, it has dark sides. (Simple)

    (d) Computers are nowadays being used in almost every sphere of life. (Active)

    (e) We cannot but depend on it. (Affirmative)

    (f) No one can deny its necessity. (Interrogative)

    (g)It is the most used device in our life. (Comparative)

    (h)It helps us a lot. (Passive)

    (i) So its usefulness, it has become very popular. (Compound)

    (j)Without computer, we cannot imagine our modern life. (Complex)

    1. (Chattagram Board 2019)

    (a) Hazi Mohammad Mohsin was a kind man. (Negative)

    (b) He did not marry. (Affirmative)

    (c) He loved the people cordially. (Passive)

    (d) He never thought of his own happiness. (Interrogative)

    (e) He led a very simple life. (Exclamatory)

    (f) He always helped the needy. (Complex)

    (g) He contributed much money for education to educate the poor student. (Complex)

    (h)Though he had a vast wealth, he did not spend for his own. (Compound)

    (i) Who does not know of his kindness? (Assertive)

    (j) He was one of the greatest kind men of the world. (Positive)

    1. Sylhet Board 2019

    (a) Corruption is one of the worst evils. (Positive)

    (b) A corrupt man can do anything against morality. (Complex)

    (c) People hate a corrupt man. (Passive)

    (d) Nobody respects him. (Interrogative)

    (e) The man who takes bribe, is next to devil. (Simple)

    (f) Though we have strict law, we are still affected by this evil. (Compound)

    (g) No other person is as hated as a corrupt man. (Superlative)

    (h) We hope that Bangladesh will be free from this evil. (Simple)

    (i) Everybody avoids a corrupt man. (Negative)

    (j) A corrupt man leads a very unhappy life. (Exclamatory)

    1. Barishal Board 2019

    (a) Internet is a computer-based networking system. (Interrogative)

    (b) It is a speedy transmitting system of information. (Complex)

    (c) Its functions are smooth and rapid. (Negative)

    (d) A man has an Internet connection and gets a link soon according to his expectation. (Simple)

    (e) Many educational institutions are greatly benefited through the use of Internet. (Complex)

    (f) A student can visit all the renowned libraries of the world without going there. (Passive)

    (g) It plays an effective role in the field of trade and commerce. (Exclamatory)

    (h) E-commerce has become one of the most popular topics to the customers. (Positive)

    (i) It helps the customers to buy or choose anything without going to market. (Compound)

    (j) What an amazing milestone it is in the modern world of communication! (Assertive)

    1. All Boards 2018

    (a) Very few conquerors of the world were so great as Taimur. (Superlative)

    (b) The province of a powerful prince was once attacked by young Taimur. (Active)

    (c) Entering the kingdom of the prince, he captured a large village. (Compound)

    (d) The army killed Taimur’s all soldiers. (Passive)

    (e) He disguised himself as a poor traveler to survive. (Complex)

    (f) He came to a house and asked for something to eat. (Simple)

    (g) There lived an old woman in the house. (Complex)

    (h) The woman became sympathetic to see Taimur. (Interrogative)

    (i) The food was very hot. (Exclamatory)

    (j) Taimur was too hungry to wait. (Negative)

    1. Dhaka Board 2017

    (a) Mother Teresa is an icon to many people. (Make it interrogative sentence)

    (b) She is respected by everybody. (Make it active)

    (c) She is one of the greatest persons of the world. (Make it positive)

    (d) She was very kind to the needy and the ill-fated. (Make it negative)

    (e) She believes that charity is a great virtue. (Make it compound sentence)

    (f) Actually Mother Teresa was a nobel hearted person. (Make it complex sentence)

    (g) Mother Teresa was a very passionate woman. (Make it an exclamatory sentence)

    (h) She helped those who were helpless. (Make it a simple sentence)

    (i) She set up “Nirmal Hridoy” in Kolkata. (Make it a compound sentence)

    (j) Who does not know about the charity of Mother Teresa? (Make it assertive)

    1. Rajshahi Board 2017

    (a) My friend invited me to pay a visit to Cox’s Bazar. (Make complex sentence)

    (b) I was very glad. (Make negative sentence)

    (c) I accepted the invitation. (Use passive voice)

    (d) When I reached there, my friend received me cordially. (Make simple sentence)

    (e) I was very excited to see the sea beach. (Make exclamatory sentence)

    (f) It is the largest sea beach in the world. (Use positive degree)

    (g) It is one of the most beautiful sea beaches in the world. (Use comparative degree)

    (h) It is called the pleasure seekers’ paradise. (Use active voice)

    (i) Every year a lot of people come to visit it. (Make compound sentence)

    (j) If I could visit the sea beach! (Make assertive sentence)

    1. Dinajpur Board 2017

    (a) We are grateful to the freedom fighters. (Make it negative sentence)

    (b) Their contribution is greater than any other thing. (Make it positive Degree)

    (c) The freedom fighters who died in the Liberation War are called martyrs. (Make it a compound sentence)

    (d) The National memorial has been built with a view to paying tribute to their memories. (Make it complex sentence)

    (e) A freedom fighter is the greatest son of the soil. (Make it comparative sentence)

    (f) They fought bravely and snatched the red sun of independence. (Make it simple sentence)

    (g) Mother Teresa was a very passionate woman. (Make it an exclamatory sentence)

    (h) Though their weapons were ordinary, they had much conrage in their mind. (Make it compound sentence)

    (i) Their contribution will never be forgotten. (Affirmative sentence)

    (j) The government has taken some steps to improve the condition. (Passive)

    1. Cumilla Board 2017

    (a) Haji Mohammod Mohsin was more generous than any other man in this subcontinents. (Positive)

    (b) He was born in Hoogly. (complex)

    (c) He inherited a vast property from his father and sister. (Interrogative)

    (d) He did not misuse this wealth. (Passive)

    (e)He is called a friend of humanity. (Active)

    (f) He didn’t marry. (Affirmative)

    (g) During his life time, he spent money lavishly to help the poor. (Compound)

    (h) He was very kind to the poor. (Negative)

    (i) One night when he was saying his prayer, a theif broke into his room. (Simple)

    (j) He caught the thief but didn’t punish him. (Complex)

    1. Chittangong Board 2017

    (a) Who does not want to succeed in life? (Assertive)

    (b) It is not an easy thing. (Affirmative)

    (c) Being industrious, everyone can prosper in life? (Negative)

    (d) The idle always lag behind. (complex)

    (e) We must work hard so that we can earn money. (simple)

    (f) By working hard, we can improve our lot. (compound)

    (g) The light of prosperity can be seen by a hard working person. (Active)

    (h) Women should work as men. (comparative)

    (i) We should remember that industry is the key to success. (passive)

    (j) An idle man leads a very miserable life. (Exclamatory)

    1. Sylhet Board 2017

    (a) We should read books to gain knowledge. (Make it a complex sentence)

    (b) Books introduce us to the realm of knowledge. (Make it passive)

    (c) The books of great writers contain noble thoughts and great ideas. (Make it an interrogative sentence)

    (d) If we read books, we can enrich our minds. (Make it a simple sentence)

    (e) Books are the greatest friends. (Make it positive)

    (f) They give us both knowledge and pleasure. (Make it Negative)

    (g) As they are our real friends, they remain with us in time of danger. (Make it a compound sentence)

    (h) Some books are very interesting. (Make it an exclamatory sentence)

    (i) We can build up a developed society by reading books. (Make it a complex sentence)

    (j) Nothing but books can remove the darkness of ignorance. (Make it an affirmative sentence)

    1. Barishal Board-2017

    (a) There was an old man in a village. (Interrogative)

    (b) He was very poor but honest. (Complex)

    (c) He was one of the best cap makers with palm leaves. (Positive)

    (d) He sold them in the neighbouring market. (Voice change)

    (e) Earning money in this way, he thus maintained his family. (Compound)

    (f) One day he could not but go to a market. (Affirmative)

    (g) The market was far from his house. (Negative)

    (h) He had a basket full of caps. (Complex)

    (i) He was too tired to walk. (Compound)

    (j) He sat under the tree and fell asleep. (Simple)

    1. Jashore Board 2017

    (a) Strategy is the most important thing in the examination. (Comparative)

    (b) Any answer in the exam should not be elaborated. (Active)

    (c) When he gets the question paper he should read it carefully. (Simple)

    (d) At first glance, the questions may seem difficult. (Negative)

    (e) A student should attempt to answer all the questions to get good marks. (Complex)

    (f) If an examinee answers all the questions, the examiner becomes glad to see that. (Simple)

    (g) But, it is better than not answering at all. (Positive)

    (h) It is really sensible. (Exclamatory)

    (i)The examinee should not waste time by doing it. (Passive)

    (j) Without following this process, you cannot bring a good result in an examination. (Compound)

    25. Dhaka Board-2015

    (a) Television is one of the most wonderful inventions of modern science. (Positive)

    (b) It was not invented over night. (Active)

    (c) Scientists spent many years and worked hard to invent television. (complex)

    (d) Nowadays, almost every family has a television set. (Negative)

    (e) People of all ages like to watch television. (Interrogative)

    (f) The programmes telecast by television are very interesting. ( Complex)

    (g) Television should telecast educative programmes. (Passive)

    (h) If you watch television, you can learn many things. (simple)

    (i) People spend their free time by watching television. (Compound)

    (j) Very few things are so useful as television. ( Superlative)

    26. Chittagong Board-2015

    (a) My friend invited me to pay a visit to Cox’s Bazar. (complex)

    (b) I was very glad. (negative)

    (c) I accepted the invitation. (Passive)

    (d) When I reached there, my friend received me cordially. (simple)

    (e) I was excited to see the sea-beach. (Exlamatory)

    (f) It is the largest sea-beach in the world. (Comparative)

    (g) It is one of the most beautiful sea-beaches in the world. (Positive)

    (h) It is called the pleasure seekers’ paradise. (Active)

    (i) Every year a lot of people come to visit it. (Compound)

    (j) If I could visit the sea-beach! (active)

    27. Rajshahi Board-2015

    (a) A flower is a glowing gift of nature.(Interrogative)

    (b) Isn’t it the symbol of love and beauty?(Affirmative)

    (c) Flowers are used on different occasions.(Active)

    (d) We present flower to our nearest and dearest person.(Passive)

    (e) We need flowers to decorate a place.(Complex)

    (f) The rose is the best of all flowers.(Positive)

    (g) Having sweet scent and beauty we love it very much.(Compound)

    (h) It is lovelier than all other flowers.(Superlative)

    (i) The rose is a very nice flower.(Exclamatory)

    (j) As the demand for flowers is increasing day by day we should cultivate flower on commercial basis.(Simple)

    28. Barisal Board-2015

    (a) Haji Mohammad Muhsin was not an unkind man at all. (Affirmative)

    (b) He inherited vast proerty from his father and sister. (Interrogative)

    (c) He was unmarried. (Negative)

    (d) During his lifetime, he spent money lavishly to help the poor. (Complex)

    (e) One night when he was saying his prayer, a thief broke into his room. (Simple)

    (f) Seeing Muhsin the thief cried. (compound)

    (g) The thief was caught. (Active)

    (h) How needy the thief was!  (Assertive)

    (i) He gave the thief some food and money. (Passive)

    (j) Muhsin was one of the best philanthropists in the world. (Positive)

    29. Sylhet Board-2015

    (a) The students studying regularly can expect a good result.(Make it a complex sentence)

    (b) But most of our students are inattentive to their studies.(Make it a negative sentence without changing the meaning)

    (c) They waste their valuable time idly.(Use passive voice)

    (d) Wasting time is harmful for them.(Make it an interrogative sentence)

    (e) By repeating this activity they make a poor result.(Make it a complex sentence)

    (f) Who loves them then?(Make it a assertive sentence without changing the original meaning)

    (g) They are treated badly even by their family members.(Use active voice)

    (h) If a student fails in the examination, he suffers from inferiority complex.(Make simple sentence)

    (i) No other student in the class is as bad as a failed student.(Use superlative)

    (j) So a student should be aware of studying regularly and attentively so that he can do well in the examination.(Make it a simple sentence)

    (e) Ruplal decided to go and live alone in the jungle in order to find peace. (Make complex sentence)

    (f) So he collected his things and went to live by himself. (Make simple sentence)

    (g) Ruplal made a nice little hut for himself in the jungle. (Passive)

    (h) How happy I am now! (Make assertive sentence)

    (i) My jungle hut is one of the most peaceful places in the world. (Make positive degree)

    (j) That night, while Ruplal was sleeping he heard a noise. (Make simple sentence)

    1. (Sylhet Board-2016)

    (a) William Wordsworth is one of the best is one of the best well-known poets in English literature. (Positive)

    (b)He was the second of his father’s five sons. (Negative)

    (c)He was born at Cumberland on April 4, 1770. (Complex)

    (d)When he was eight years old, his mother died. (Simple)

    (e)In the same year, he was sent to the Grammar School of Hawkshead for education. (Compound)

    (f) He was only 19 years old when his father died. (Interrogative)

    (g) Fundamental education had been given to him at the school. (Active)

    (h) The education that he learnt from this institution played better role in his life. (Simple)

    (i) The readers called for a new edition of his famous book “The Lyrical Ballads in 1800 (Passive)

    (j) This book brought a huge name and fame in his life. (Exclamatory)

    1. (Dinajpur Board-2016)

    (a) The cuckoo is a bird or very shy nature. (Make complex sentence)

    (b) It is not always found beside human habitation. (Make affirmative sentence)

    (c)They hide themselves and coo from the high branches of trees. (Make simple sentence)

    (d)Though they are timid, they are clever. (Make compound sentence)

    (e)They lay their eggs in the nests or crows. (Make complex sentence)

    (f)They are cleverer than the crows. (Use positive degree)

    (g)They do not hatch their eggs because they are lazy. (Make simple sentence)

    (h)The crows raise the baby cuckoos. (Use passive voice)

    (i)When the babies grow up, they fly away. (Make compound sentence)

    (j)Crows never understand it. (Make interrogative sentence)

    Answers of Board Questions

    Dhaka Board-2020

    (a) Once upon a time, there was a little girl and her name was Tarin. (b) Despite being a nice little girl, she was not an ordinary child. (c) Didn’t she pass her time in reading and writing? (d) Her parents did not dislike her at all. (e) She was praised by everyone. (f) How attentive she was to her study! (g) She also helped her mother when she was free. (h) Did she ever tell a lie? (i) Very few girls in the school were as intelligent as she. (j) She worked hard so that she could shine in life.

    Mymensingh Board-2020

    (a) What an exciting game cricket is! (b) This game is enjoyed by people of all ages. (c) People play it all over the world. (d) At present, it is more popular than any other game in our country. (e) Despite cricket being a costly game, people of all classes enjoy playing it. (f) The game is played between two teams which each consist of eleven players. (g) There are two umpires conducting the game. (h) Isn’t it full of thrill and excitement for the spectators? (i) Bangladesh is a test-playing country and it is developing its standard day by day. (j) We cannot but try our best to improve its present position.

    Rajshahi Board-2020

    (a) What a devastating phenomenon of the modern world terrorism is! (b) At present, people call it a challenge to fight against it. (c) Everyone is now in the threat of violence. (d) Nothing is as disastrous as terrorism. (e) It is more corrosive than most other problems of the modern world. (f) Who wants his children to be terrorist in future? (g) Despite the law to punish the terrorists, it is not properly applied. (h) If we apply the law properly, we can get rid of it. (i) We have to create social awareness and then we can fight against corruption. (j) We all should not fail to avoid the killers of mankind.

    Cumilla Board-2020

    (a) It is health which is wealth. (b) A sick moneyed man is not as happy as a healthy poor man. (c) A healthy man is an asset to his family, but an unhealthy man is a liability. (d) Can’t he succeed in life? (e) So, everybody must be conscious of his health. (f) Nobody can avoid taking care of his health all the time. (g) Regular physical exercise and a balanced diet can improve health. (h) Poor people cannot afford to take a balanced diet. (i) How concerned they are with the quantity of food! (j) It should be known by everybody that weakness is caused by malnutrition.

    Chattogram Board-2020

    (a) We notice the achievement of science everywhere. (b) The electricity lights not only the streets but also the houses. (c) News, songs and lectures are broadcast by the radio. (d) There is cinema which can delight in the evening. (e) Very few inventions of modern science are as important as computer. (f) Nobody can go without it. (g) Computer is not more important than Internet. (h) It helps us and we know about the world. (i) It is the greatest invention of modern science. (j) What a great miraculous event the invention of computer is!

    Sylhet Board 2020

    (a) No other man in this subcontinent was as gracious as Haji Mohammad Mohsin. (b) It was in Hoogli that he was born. (c) Didn’t he inherit a vast property from his father and sister? (d) This wealth was not misused by him. (e) People call him a friend of humanity. (f) He remained unmarried. (g) During his lifetime, he spent money lavishly and helped the poor. (h) He was not unkind to the poor at all. (i) One day, on a thief’s entering his room, he caught him. (j) Though he caught the thief, he did not punish him.

    Barishal Board-2020

    (a) Isn’t man the maker of his own fortune? (b) By making a proper use of his time, he is sure to prosper in life. (c) The person who does otherwise is sure to repent later. (d) How miserably the lazy suffer in the long run! (e) Isn’t to kill time to commit suicide? (f) Our life is only a sum total of hours, days and years. (g) No other season of life is as valuable as youth. (h) In youth the mind is soft and easily shapeable. (i) Use the morning hours of life or you have to pay a heavy price afterwards. (j) People call it the seedtime of life.

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    Dhaka Board-2019

    (a) Man is better than any other creation of God. (b) It is our responsibility to do good deeds. (c) Months or years do not measure our life. (d) People who are honest lead a happy life. (e) Does it matter if a man lives many years or not? (f) Everybody is partially unhappy on earth. (g) So, time should not be wasted by us in vain. (h) By using time properly, we can be benefited. (i) All men cannot but die. (j) We take utmost care, but we cannot avoid death.

    Rajshahi Board-2019

    (a) Isn’t patriotism a noble virtue? (b) It is greater than all other virtues in a man’s life. (c) It does not persuade a man to do anything unjust. (d) This quality highly motivates a man to sacrifice his life for the country. (e) It is a very outstanding quality. (f) A man who has patriotic zeal is called a patriot. (g) A patriot fears only the Creator. (h) He pays taxes and he obeys the law. (i) All respect him. (j) Let us be patriots.

    Dinajpur Board-2019

    (a) Facebook is not an uncommon social network. (b) Now, people are using it all over the world. (c) Who does not use it? (d) Every student has a smart phone. (e) Everybody likes social network. (f) No other social network is as good as Facebook. (g) Despite giving pleasure, we cannot get freedom to use it. (h) Unless you use it, you cannot keep pace with the modern world. (i) We use it and we can get many new pieces of information. (j) I wish I could open a Facebook account.

    Jashore Board-2019

    (a) What a devastating phenomenon of the modern world terrorism is! (b) Isn’t it increasing alarmingly at present? (c) Terrorism is more disastrous than anything else. (d) Very few problems of the modern world are as corrosive as it. (e) People hate a terrorist. (f) Everyone is now in the threat of violence. (g) There are laws to punish the terrorists, but they are not properly applied. (h) If we apply the laws properly, we can get rid of terrorism. (i) A terrorist leads a very miserable life. (j) The authority should bring them to book.

    Cumilla Board-2019

    (a) Very few inventions of modern science are as great as computer. (b) Computer is not a curse on earth. (c) Despite being a blessing, it has dark sides. (d) Nowadays, people are using computers in almost every sphere of life. (e) We must depend on it. (f) Who can deny its necessity? (g) It is more used than any other device in our life. (h) We are helped a lot by it. (i) It is very useful and so it has become very popular. (j) If we do not have computer, we cannot imagine our modern life.

    Chattagram Board 2019

    (a) Hazi Mohammad Mohsin was not an unkind man. (b) He remained unmarried. (c) The people were loved cordially by him. (d) Did he ever think of his own happiness? (e) What a simple life he led! (f) He always helped those who were needy. (g) He contributed much money for education so that the poor student could be educated. (h) He had a vast wealth, but he did not spend for his own. (i) Everybody knows of his kindness. (j) Very few kind men of the world were as great as he.

    Sylhet Board 2019

    (a) Very few evils are as bad as corruption. (b) A man who is corrupt can do anything against morality. (c) A corrupt man is hated by people. (d) Who respects him? (e) The man taking bribe is next to devil. (f) We have strict law, yet we are still affected by this evil. (g) A corrupt man is the most hated person. (h) We hope for Bangladesh to be free from this evil. (i) Nobody fails to avoid a corrupt man. (j) What an unhappy life a corrupt man leads!

    Barishal Board 2019

    (a) Isn’t Internet a computer-based networking system? (b) It is a system that transmits information speedily. (c) Its functions are not rough and slow. (d) Having an Internet connection, a man gets a link soon according to his expectation. (e) Many educational institutions are greatly benefited because they use Internet. (f) All the renowned libraries of the world can be visited by a student without going there. (g) What an effective role it plays in the field of trade and commerce! (h) Very few topics are as popular as e-commerce to the customers. (i) It helps the customers and they can buy or choose anything without going to market. (j) It is a very amazing milestone in the modern world of communication.

    All Boards 2018

    (a) Taimur was one of the greatest conquerors of the world. (b) Young Taimur once attacked the province of a powerful prince. (c) He entered the kingdom of the prince and captured a large village. (d) Taimur’s all soldiers were killed by the army. (e) He disguised himself as a poor traveler so that he could survive. (f) Coming to a house, he asked for something to eat. (g) There lived an old woman who was in the house. (h) Didn’t the woman become sympathetic to see Taimur? (i) How hot the food was! (j) Taimur was so hungry that he could not wait.

    Dhaka Board 2017

    (a) Isn’t Mother Teresa an icon to many people? (b) Everybody respects her. (c) Very few persons of the world are as great as she. (d) She was not unkind to the needy and the ill-fated at all. (e) She believes this and charity is a great virtue. (f) Actually Mother Teresa was a person who was noble hearted. (g) What a passionate woman Mother Teresa was! (h) She helped the helpless. (i) She set up “Nirmal Hridoy” and it is in Kolkata. (j) Everybody knows about the charity of Mother Teresa.

    Rajshahi Board 2017

    (a) My friend invited me so that I could pay a visit to Cox’s Bazar. (b) I was not sad at all. (c) The invitation was accepted by me. (d) On reaching there, my friend received me cordially. (e) How excited I was to see the sea beach! (f) No other sea beach in the world is as large as it. (g) It is more beautiful than most other sea beaches in the world. (h) People call it the pleasure seekers’ paradise. (i) Every year a lot of people come and they visit it. (j) I wish I could visit the sea beach.

    Dinajpur Board 2017

    (a) We are not ungrateful to the freedom fighters. (b) No other thing is as great as their contribution. (c) The freedom fighters died in the Liberation War and they are called martyrs. (d) The National memorial has been built so that tribute can be paid to their memories. (e) A freedom fighter is greater than any other son of the soil. (f) Fighting bravely, they snatched the red sun of independence. (g) What a passionate woman Mother Teresa was! (h) Their weapons were ordinary, but they had much courage in their mind. (i) Their contribution will always be remembered. (j) Some steps have been taken by the government to improve the condition.

    Cumilla Board 2017

    (a) No other man in this subcontinent was as generous as Haji Mohammod Mohsin. (b) It was in Hoogly that he was born. (c) Didn’t he inherit a vast property from his father and sister? (d) This wealth was not misused by him. (e) People call him a friend of humanity. (f) He remained unmarried. (g) During his life time, he spent money lavishly and helped the poor. (h) He was not unkind to the poor at all. (i) One night during his prayer, a thief broke into his room. (j) Though he caught the thief, he didn’t punish him.

    Chittangong Board 2017

    (a) Everybody wants to succeed in life. (b) It is a difficult thing. (c) Without being industrious, no one can prosper in life. (d) Those who are idle always lag behind. (e) We must work hard to earn money. (f) We work hard and so we can improve our lot. (g) A hard working person can see the light of prosperity. (h) Men are not better workers than women. (i) It should be remembered by us that industry is the key to success. (j) What a miserable life an idle man leads!

    Sylhet Board 2017

    (a) We should read books so that we can gain knowledge. (b) We are introduced to the realm of knowledge by books. (c) Don’t the books of great writers contain noble thoughts and great ideas? (d) By reading books, we can enrich our minds. (e) No other friends are as great as books. (f) They do not fail to give us both knowledge and pleasure. (g) They are our real friends, and they remain with us in time of danger. (h) How interesting some books are! (i) If we read books, we can build up a developed society. (j) Only books can remove the darkness of ignorance.

    Barishal Board-2017

    (a) Wasn’t there an old man in a village? (b) Though he was very poor, he was honest. (c) Very few cap makers with palm leaves were as good as he. (d) They were sold by him in the neighbouring market. (e) He earned money in this way and thus maintained his family. (f) One day he must go to a market. (g) The market was not near his house. (h) He had a basket which was full of caps. (i) He was very tired, so he could not walk. (j) Sitting under the tree, he fell asleep.

    Jashore Board 2017

    (a) Strategy is more important than any other thing in the examination. (b) One should not elaborate any answer in the exam. (c) Getting the question paper, he should read it carefully. (d) At first glance, the questions may not seem easy. (e) A student should attempt to answer all the questions so that he can get good marks. (f) In case of an examinee’s answering all the questions, the examiner becomes glad to see that. (g) Not answering at all is not as good as it. (h) How sensible it is! (i) Time should not be wasted by the examinee by doing it. (j) Follow this process or you cannot bring a good result in an examination.

    Dhaka Board-2015

    (a) Very few inventions of modern science are as wonderful as television. (b) Scientists did not invent it over night. (c) Scientists spent many years and worked hard so that they could invent television. (d) Nowadays, hardly any family is without a television set. (e) Who does not like to watch television? (f) The programmes which are telecast by television are very interesting. (g) Educative programmes should be telecast by television. (h) By watching television, you can learn many things. (i) People watch television and they spend their free time. (j) Television is one of the most useful things.

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    Chittagong Board-2015

    (a) My friend invited me so that I could pay a visit to Cox’s Bazar. (b) I was not sad at all. (c) The invitation was accepted by me. (d) On reaching there, my friend received me cordially. (e) How excited I was to see the sea-beach! (f) It is larger than any other sea-beach in the world. (g) Very few sea-beaches in the world are as beautiful as it. (h) People call it the pleasure seekers’ paradise. (i) Every year a lot of people come and they visit it. (j) I wish I could visit the sea-beach.

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    Rajshahi Board-2015

    (a) Isn’t a flower a glowing gift of nature? (b) It is the symbol of love and beauty. (c) People use flowers on different occasions. (d) Flower is presented by us to our nearest and dearest person. (e) We need flowers so that we can decorate a place. (f) No other flower is as good as the rose. (g) It has sweet scent and beauty, so we love it very much. (h) It is the loveliest of all flowers. (i) What a nice flower the rose is! (j) Due to the increasing demand for flowers day by day, we should cultivate flower on commercial basis.

    Barisal Board-2015

    (a) Haji Mohammad Muhsin was a very kind man. (b) Didn’t he inherit vast property from his father and sister? (c) He did not marry. (d) During his lifetime, he spent money lavishly so that he could help the poor. (e) One night during his prayer, a thief broke into his room. (f) The thief saw Muhsin and he cried. (g) Muhsin caught the thief. (h) The thief was very needy. (i) Some food and money were given to the thief by him. (j) Very few philanthropists in the world were as good as Muhsin.

    Sylhet Board-2015

    (a) The students who study regularly can expect a good result. (b) But most of our students are not attentive to their studies. (c) Their valuable time is wasted idly by them. (d) Isn’t wasting time harmful for them? (e) As they repeat this activity, they make a poor result. (f) Nobody loves them then. (g) Even their family members treat them badly. (h) In case of failure in the examination, a student suffers from inferiority complex. (i) A failed student is the worst student in the class. (j) So a student should be aware of studying regularly and attentively to do well in the examination.

    Misplaced Sentences (Ruplal)

    (e) Ruplal decided to go and live alone in the jungle so that he could find peace. (f) Collecting his things, he went to live by himself. (g) A nice little hut was made by Ruplal for himself in the jungle. (h) I am very happy now. (i) Very few places in the world are as peaceful as my jungle hut. (j) That night, during Ruplal’s sleeping he heard a noise.

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    Sylhet Board-2016

    (a) Very few poets in English literature are as well-known as William Wordsworth. (b) He was not the first of his father’s five sons. (c) It was at Cumberland on April 4, 1770 that he was born. (d) His mother died at the age of eight. (e) In the same year, he was sent to the Grammar School of Hawkshead and it was for education. (f) Wasn’t he only 19 years old when his father died? (g) The school had given fundamental education to him. (h) The education learnt from this institution played better role in his life. (i) A new edition of his famous book “The Lyrical Ballads” was called for by the readers in 1800. (j) What a huge name and fame this book brought in his life!

    Dinajpur Board-2016

    (a) The cuckoo is a bird that is of very shy nature. (b) It is sometimes absent beside human habitation. (c) Hiding themselves, they coo from the high branches of trees. (d) They are timid, but they are clever. (e) They lay their eggs in the nests which are of crows. (f) The crows are not as clever as they. (g) They do not hatch their eggs due to their laziness. (h) The baby cuckoos are raised by the crows. (i) The babies grow up and they fly away. (j) Do crows ever understand it?

    1. (a) We are proud of our freedom fighters. (Make interrogative sentence)

    (b) Their contribution will never be forgotten. (Make affirmative sentence)

    (c)Their sacrifice is greater than any other thing. (Make positive sentence)

    (d)But today many of them lead a very miserable life. (Make complex sentence)

    (e) If we take proper steps, their condition may improve. (Make simple sentence)

    (f)Their allowance should be increased. (Use active voice)

    (g)We should respect them. (Use passive voice)

    (h) We should never forget their sacrifice. (Make affirmative sentence)

    (i) We should regard their sacrifice. (Make negative sentence)

    (j)The freedom fighters are the real heroes. (Make complex sentence)

    (a) Aren’t we proud of our freedom fighters? (b) Their contribution will always be remembered. (c) No other thing is as great as their sacrifice. (d) But today many of them lead a life which is very miserable. (e) By taking proper steps, their condition may improve. (f) The government/We should increase their allowance. (g) They should be respected by us. (h) We should always remember their sacrifice. (i) We should not disregard their sacrifice. (j) The freedom fighters are those who are the real heroes.

    1. (a) Truthfulness is the greatest of all virtues in a man’s life. (Make it comparative)

    (b)lt ennobles one’s character and gives one high position in society. (Make it simple)

    (c) In spite of not making one rich, it brings peace of mind. (Make it compound)

    (d)He is loved by everybody. (Make it negative)

    (e) A truthful person is respected and honoured by all. (Make it active)

    (f)A truthful person cares nobody. (Make it interrogative)

    (g)A truthful person is not afraid of anybody. (Make it complex)

    (h)He fears none but Allah. (Make it affirmative)

    (i) Truthfulness may lead the whole world to peace and happiness. (Make it complex)

    (j) It brings peace in one’s mind. (Make it passive)

    (a) Truthfulness is greater than all other virtues in a man’s life. (b) It ennobles one’s character and gives one a high position in society. (c) It does not make one rich, but it brings peace of mind. (d) He is not hated by anybody. (e) All respect and honour a truthful person. (f) Does a truthful person care anybody? (g) A truthful person is not afraid of anybody who is present. (h) He fears only Allah. (i) It is truthfulness which may lead the whole world to peace and happiness. (j) Peace is brought in one’s mind by it.

    1. (a) Truthfulness is the greatest of all virtues. (Use positive degree)

    (b)This makes a man really great. (Make complex sentence)

    (c) If we do not cultivate the habit of speaking the truth, we cannot command the confidence of others. (Make simple sentence)

    (d) A lie never lies hidden. (Make affirmative)

    (e)All hate him. (Make negative sentence)

    (f) Nobody likes him. (Make interrogative sentence)

    (g)So, all despise him without considering his social status. (Make complex sentence)

    (h) The habit of of speaking the truth, therefore, must be formed from the very childhood. (Voice)

    (i) We should know that speaking the truth is the most rewarding thing in life. (Make comparative)

    (j) Only truth lasts long. (Make negative sentence)

    (a) No other virtue is as great as truthfulness. (b) It is this which makes a man really great. (c) Without cultivating the habit of speaking the truth, we cannot command the confidence of others. (d) A lie always comes to light. (e) None likes him. (f) Who likes him? (g) So, all despise him although they do not consider his social status. (h) Therefore, we must form the habit of speaking the truth from the very childhood. (i) We should know that speaking the truth is more rewarding than anything else in life. (j) Nothing but truth lasts long.

    1. (a) Student life is the time of preparation for future life. (Complex)

    (b)It is study which is the first and foremost duty or a student. (Simple)

    (c)As students are the future hope of a nation, they should equip themselves accordingly. (Compound)

    (d)They should utilize every valuable moment of their life. (Passive)

    (e) They should never put off their works for tomorrow. (Affirmative)

    (f)They should acquire the the qualities to become good citizens. (Complex)

    (g)They should also be engaged in social service. (Active)

    (h)In social context, their service is as important as any responsible sector. (Comparative)

    (i) Students are undoubtedly great assets to any nation. (Negative)

    (j) None can deny the fact. (Interrogative)

    (a) Student life is the time when one prepares for future life. (b) Study is the first and foremost duty of a student. (c) Students are the future hope of a nation, so they should equip themselves accordingly. (d) Every valuable moment of their life should be utilized by them. (e) They should always do their works today. (f) They should acquire the qualities so that they can become good citizens. (g) We should also engage them in social service. (h) In social context, their service is not less important than any responsible sector. (i) Students are undoubtedly not small assets to any nation. (j) Who can deny the fact?

    35. Cumilla Board 2016

    (a) Bangladesh is a low lying country. (Make interrogative)

    (b)Very year natural disasters visit us. (Make passive voice)

    (c) Flood is one of the most dangerous natural disasters. (Use comparative degree)

    (d) It is Dhaka city which has not yet suffered any severe earthquake. (Make simple sentence)

    (e) People living in the high land can escape flood. (Make complex sentence)

    (f) Crops are damaged by this flood. (Make active voice)

    (g) Who does not know the consequence of ‘Tsunami? (Make assertive sentence)

    (h) The recent flood was very devastating. (Make exclamatory sentence)

    (i) Bangladesh is in the active earthquake zone. (Make negative sentence)

    (j)  Dhaka is the most risky city in the earthquake zone. (Use positive degree)

    (a) Isn’t Bangladesh a low lying country? (b) We are visited by natural disasters every year. (c) Flood is more dangerous than most other natural disasters. (d) Dhaka city has not yet suffered any severe earthquake. (e) People who live in the high land can escape flood. (f) This flood damages crops. (g) Everybody knows the consequence of ‘Tsunami. (h) How devastating the recent flood was! (i) Bangladesh is not out of the active earthquake zone. (j) No other city in the earthquake zone is as risky as Dhaka.

     36. Chattagram Board 2016

    (a) Is there anybody who does not want to succeed in life? (Assertive)

    (b) Do you know it? (Passive)

    (c) An industrious man will shine in life. (Complex)

    (d) Hard work is needed for success. (Active)

    (e) Life with an assignment is an actual life. (Negative)

    (f)No one can receive any reward unless he works hard. (Simple)

    (g)One can’t be successful without it. (Interrogative)

    (h)A successful man is very happy. (Exclamatory)

    (i)No other man is as happy as a successful man. (Superlative)

    (j) A hard working man is healthier than an idle man. (Positive)

    (a) Everybody wants to succeed in life. (b) Is it known to you? (c) A man who is industrious will shine in life. (d) We need hard work for success. (e) Life without an assignment is not an actual life. (f) No one can receive any reward without working hard. (g) Can one be successful without it? (h) How happy a successful man is! (i) A successful man is the happiest man. (j) An idle man is not as healthy as a hard working man.

    37. (a) Day-to-day life in the city is expensive. (Make negative)

    (b) People living the poverty line lead a miserable life. (Make complex)

    (c) Price hike is one of the biggest problems for them. (Make positive degree)

    (d) The government has taken necessary steps to keep the price hike under control. (Make passive voice)

    (e) The people who are greedy are responsible for price spiral. (Make simple sentence)

    (f)It is not easy to control price hike. (Make affirmative)

    (g) The government has to ensure the supply of products. (Make passive voice)

    (h) The culprits should be punished. (Make active voice)

    (i) The culprits raise the price so that they can earn more profits. (Make simple)

    (j) We should be aware of the culprits. (Make imperative)

    (a) Day-to-day life in the city is not cheap. (b) People who live the poverty line lead a miserable life. (c) Very few problems for them are as big as price hike. (d) Necessary steps have been taken by the government to keep the price hike under control. (e) The greedy people are responsible for price spiral. (f) It is difficult to control price hike. (g) The supply of products has to be ensured by the government. (h) The authority/We should punish the culprits. (i) The culprits raise the price to earn more profits. (j) Let us be aware of the culprits.

    38. (a) Corruption is the most dangerous weapon to destroy a society. (Use positive degree)

    (b) It lies in every phase of our society. (Make complex sentence)

    (c) Drastic steps have been taken against Corruption. (Use active voice)

    (d)The persons in the high rank of the society are involved in corruption and have become millionaires through corruption. (Make simple sentence)

    (e)Social awareness is very essential to resist corruption. (Make exclamatory sentence)

    (f) The corrupted persons are more poisonous than a snake. (Use positive degree)

    (g) They pollute the society. (Passive voice)

    (h)They are a great enemy for the nations. (Make exclamatory sentence)

    (i)They do nothing but harm to the society. (Make affirmative sentence)

    (j)Only social awareness can check corruption. (Make negative sentence)

    (a) No other weapon to destroy a society is as dangerous as corruption. (b) It lies in every phase of our society which is present. (c) The government/We have taken drastic steps against Corruption. (d) The persons in the high rank of the society, being involved in corruption, have become millionaires through corruption. (e) How essential social awareness is to resist corruption! (f) A snake is not as poisonous as the corrupted persons. (g) The society is polluted by them. (h) What a great enemy they are for the nations! (i) They only do harm to the society. (j) Nothing but social awareness can check corruption.

    39. (a)The whale is the largest of all creatures in the world. (Comparative)

    (b)Its tongue is heavier than that of an elephant. (Positive)

    (c) Some of its arteries are big enough for a child to swim through. (Complex)

    (d) In spite of their huge size, whales can move at a good speed. (Compound)

    (e)Mother whales fondle their babies. (Passive)

    (f) It takes care of its babies to raise them properly. (Complex)

    (g) It leaves its babies when they grow up. (Compound)

    (h) The mother whale feeds her babies on milk. (Passive)

    (i)The whale is as social as human beings. (Comparative)

    (j) Actually it behaves like human beings. (Negative)

    (a) The whale is larger than all other creatures in the world. (b) The tongue of an elephant is not as heavy as its tongue. (c) Some of its arteries are so big that a child can swim through them. (d) Their size is huge, yet whales can move at a good speed. (e) Their babies are fondled by mother whales. (f) It takes care of its babies so that it can raise them properly. (g) It leaves its babies and they grow up. (h) Her babies are fed on milk by the mother whale. (i) Human beings are not more social than the whale. (j) Actually it does not behave unlike human beings.

    40. (a) Very few insects are as busy as the bee. (Use superlative degree)

    (b) It lives together. (Make negative sentence)

    (c) Bees collect nectar from the flowers and make it into honey. (Make simple sentence)

    (d) When they find the nectar plentiful, they dance vigorously. (Make simple sentence)

    (e)Bees store honey in the hive. (Make passive voice)

    (f)In winter, bees remain idle but they work hard in spring. (Make complex sentence)

    (g) They work ceaselessly to store food for the winter. (Make complex sentence)

    (h) In spring, they always remain active. (Make negative sentence)

    (i) No insect is as industrious as the bee. (Use comparative degree)

    (j)The bees make us think of the importance of activity. (Make passive voice)

    (a) The bee is one of the busiest insects. (b) It does not live alone. (c) Collecting nectar from the flowers, bees make it into honey. (d) Finding the nectar plentiful, they dance vigorously. (e) Honey is stored in the hive by bees. (f) Though bees remain idle in winter, they work hard in spring. (g) They work ceaselessly so that they can store food for the winter. (h) In spring, they never remain inactive. (i) The bee is more industrious than any other insect. (j) We are made to think of the importance of activity by the bees.

    41. (a) Man is the maker of his own fortune. (Interrogative)

    (b) If he makes proper use of his time, he is sure to prosper in life. (Simple)

    (c) By doing otherwise, he is sure to repent when it is too late. (Simple)

    (d) Only the lazy are to suffer in life. (Negative)

    (e) To kill time is to commit suicide. (Interrogative)

    (f) Our life is nothing but a sum total of hours, days and years. (Affirmative)

    (g) Youth is the golden season of life. (Complex)

    (h) In youth mind is soft and can be shaped easily. (Simple)

    (i) If you don’t use the morning hours of life, you have to pay a heavy price afterwards. (Compound)

    (j)It is called the seed me of life. (Active)

    (a) Isn’t man the maker of his own fortune? (b) By making proper use of his time, he is sure to prosper in life. (c) By doing otherwise, he is sure to repent later. (d) None but the lazy are to suffer in life. (e) Isn’t to kill time to commit suicide? (f) Our life is only a sum total of hours, days and years. (g) Youth is the season which is golden in life. (h) In youth, the mind is soft and easily shapeable. (i) Use the morning hours of life or you have to pay a heavy price afterwards. (j) People call it the seedtime of life.

    42. (a) The Padma is one of the biggest rivers in Bangladesh. (Comparative)

    (b) When it is summer, it becomes emaciated. (Simple)

    (c) During the rainy season, it assumes a terrible shape. (Complex)

    (d) Everybody knows this. (Interrogative)

    (e)Tourists from home and abroad visit its shore. (Passive)

    (f) We are benefited in many ways by this river. (Active)

    (g) No other river in our country is as useful as the Padma. (Superlative)

    (h)Everybody likes the Hilsa of the Padma. (Negative)

    (i) The Padma is a mighty river. (Exclamatory)

    (j) Though it destroys the houses of men, it is still very useful to us. (Compound)

    (a) The Padma is bigger than most other rivers in Bangladesh. (b) In summer, it becomes emaciated. (c) When it is the rainy season, it assumes a terrible shape. (d) Who does not know this? (e) Its shore is visited by tourists from home and abroad. (f) This river benefits us in many ways. (g) The Padma is the most useful river in our country. (h) Nobody dislikes the Hilsa of the Padma. (i) What a mighty river the Padma is! (j) It destroys the houses of men, but it is still very useful to us.

    43. (a) Bangladesh is a small country but has a vast population. (Make complex sentence)

    (b) Very few countries in the world are as populous as Bangladesh. (Make it comparative degree)

    (c) Most of the people here live in the village. (Make it negative sentence)

    (d) People who live in villages are mainly farmers. (Make it simple sentence)

    (e) Farming is one of the most tiresome occupations. (Make it positive degree)

    (f) The farmers work hard to support themselves. (Make complex sentence)

    (g) What a simple life they lead! (Make assertive sentence)

    (h)They are honest and pious. (Make it negative sentence)

    (i) They are not inhospitable. (Make it affirmative)

    (j) They should be taken care of. (Make it active voice)

    (a) Though Bangladesh is a small country, it has a vast population. (b) Bangladesh is more populous than most other countries in the world. (c) Most of the people here do not live outside the village. (d) People living in villages are mainly farmers. (e) Very few occupations are as tiresome as farming. (f) The farmers work hard so that they can support themselves. (g) They lead a very simple life. (h) They are not dishonest and impious. (i) They are hospitable. (j) We should take care of them

    44. (a) Everybody knows that elephants are the largest land mammals. (Simple)

    (b) No other animal is as mighty as the elephant. (Comparative)

    (c)They have poor vision but excellent sense of hearing, smell and touch. (Simple)

    (d) They communicate with others using gestures and sound (Complex)

    (e) They are both highly intelligent and very social. (Compound)

    (f)Unfortunately they are often caught by traps. (Change Voice)

    (g)They flap their large ears to control the body temperature. (Complex)

    (h)The truth is that they are compelled to carry the load. (Simple)

    (i)Their numbers are severely depleted because they are frequently killed by Ivory trade (Simple)

    (j)We should be sympathetic to all animals. (Negative)

    (a) Everybody knows elephants to be the largest land mammals. (b) The elephant is mightier than any other animal. (c) Despite having poor vision, they have excellent sense of hearing, smell and touch. (d) They communicate with others by using gestures and sound which they make. (e) They are highly intelligent and they are very social. (f) Unfortunately, traps often catch them. (g) They flap their large ears so that they can control the body temperature. (h) The truth is their compulsion to carry the load. (i) Their numbers are severely depleted due to being frequently killed by Ivory trade. (j) We should not be unsympathetic to all animals.

    45. (a) War is a curse for human civilization. (Negative)

    (b) It is not constructive. (Affirmative)

    (c)It destroys civilization. (Interrogative)

    (d)It is the worst evil in civilization. (Positive)

    (e) Those who are warmongers make trouble for all. (Simple)

    (f)We know that war brings destruction. (Passive)

    (g)Shouldn’t man learn to live in peace? (Assertive)

    (h)How devastating war is! (Assertive)

    (i)Nothing is as corrosive as war. (Superlative)

    (j)The evil-minded leaders must be avoided. (Complex)

    (a) Isn’t war a curse for human civilisation?  (b) It is not a source of happiness. (c) It brings in its trail only death and destruction. (d) War is the worst of all disasters. (e) Very few problems are as great as war. (f) It destroys the civilization and all developments of the world. (g) The world is affected by it. (h) How terribly human beings suffer because of war! (i) Peace has to be preserved by us at any cost. (j) We must avoid war.

    46. (a) Cox’s Bazar is the longest sea beach in the world. (Positive)

    (b) Everyone knows this. (Interrogative)

    (c)This sea beach is visited by the tourists from home and abroad. (Active)

    (d) They come here to enjoy themselves. (Complex)

    (e) It is one of the most amusing places in the world. (Comparative)

    (f)How charming the scenery of Cox’s Bazar is! (Assertive)

    (g)The sea is wide open and it widens the hearts of the visitors. (Simple)

    (h)Only the harsh people can avoid this beauty. (Negative)

    (i)Since it is a famous tourist place, its condition should be developed. (Compound)

    (j)Our government is going to take some steps to make it more attractive. (Passive)

    47. (a) Water, a vital element of environment, is polluted in different ways. (Complex)

    (b) People pollute water by throwing waste into it. (Compound)

    (c) Farmers use chemical fertilizers and insecticides in the fields. (Interrogative)

    (d) When rain and flood wash away some of these chemicals, they get mixed with water. (Simple)

    (e) Mills and factories also pollute water. (Passive)

    (f) Water vehicles pollute rivers by dumping oil, food waste and human waste into them (Compound) (g) Thus water is contaminated by various kinds of waste and filth. (Active)

    (h) Clean water is safe for life. (Negative)

    (i)But contaminated water is harmful for life. (Complex)

    (j)So, effective steps should be taken to prevent water pollution. (Complex)

    48. (a) Illiteracy is a curse. (Complex)

    (b) No other problem in Bangladesh is as dreadful as illiteracy. (Comparative)

    (c) All the development of our country are badly hampered by illiteracy. (Active)

    (d) Most of the people of our country cannot write and read. (Affirmative)

    (e) So the literacy rate in Bangladesh is very poor. (Negative)

    (f) It is too poor for one to imagine. (Complex)

    (g)Though illiteracy frustrates all our efforts, we do not realize it. (Compound)

    (h) It is the duty of the educated persons to educate the illiterate. (Interrogative)

    (i) As students have duties to the society, they should do something about illiteracy. (Compound)

    (j)The government has taken necessary steps to eradicate illiteracy. (Passive) 

    1. (a) Traffic jam is the most serious problem in Dhaka city now. (Comparative)

    (b)It has become a common affair in most of the cities and towns. (Negative)

    (c)Sometimes this jam is so acute that it blocks more than a kilometre of a street. (Compound)

    (d)It kills our valuable time. (Passive)  The sufferings of the city dwellers know no bounds.

    (e)By taking some pragmatic steps we can solve this problem. (Complex)

    (f)More wide roads can be constructed. (Active)

    (g) Law should be implemented to ensure punishment. (Complex)

    (h) Drivers who are experienced should be given license. (Simple)

    (i) Public awareness is more important than any other step. (Superlative)

    (j)Then life in Dhaka city will be very enjoyable. (Exclamatory)

    1. (a)There are a good number of reasons why the students in Bangladesh fall in English. (Simple)

    (b)Because or foreign language, the students fail in English in a great number. (Complex)

    (c)Students seek the chance to cross the barriers of examination. (Compound)

    (d)English is the most fearful subject to them. (Positive)

    (e)We must develop the skill of the students in English. (Negative)

    (f)We should teach our students methodically to remove their fear of English. (Complex)

    (g)Teachers can play an important role in this regard. (Passive)

    (h)Teachers should invent new ways of teaching (Interrogative)

    (i)If they take care of their students, they can teach well. (Simple)

    (j)It is true that students will learn from their teachers. (Compound)

    1. (a) English is not a native language. (Make Affirmative sentence)

    (b)But, it has a great importance. (Make Exclamatory sentence)

    (c)Everybody knows this truth. (Use Passive voice)

    (d)Without learning English, you cannot hope to get a good job. (Make Complex sentence)

    (e)The man who knows English well can get a good job. (Make Simple sentence)

    (f)He becomes more valuable than most other people. (Make Positive sentence)

    (g)Many people use English as their mother tongue. (Make Interrogative sentence)

    (h)Now, English is being used as a common language for international communication. (Active)

    (i)You must learn English. (Make Negative sentence)

    (j)If you work hard, you will be able to learn it. (Make Compound sentence)

    1. (a)English is one of the most used languages in the world. (Comparative degree)

    (b)It is spoken all over the world. (Active Voice)

    (c)English helps the international Community to communicate across national borders. (Passive)

    (d)People who have good knowledge in English get good jobs. (Simple sentence)

    (e)If we do not learn English we cannot prosper. (Simple sentence)

    (f)We cannot acquire knowledge without learning English. (Make Complex sentence)

    (g) We must learn English. (Make Negative sentence)

    (h) We should learn it so that we can get good jobs. (Compound)

    (i) English opens a door to knowledge. (Interrogative)

    (j) It is not easy to communicate across national borders without learning English. (Make Affirmative sentence)

    1. (a) Zahir Raihan was one of the most talented film-makers in Bangladesh. (Positive degree)

    (b)He was a very popular film-maker. (Exclamatory)

    (c)He was an active worker of the Language Movement. (Negative)

    (d) He was one of the ten students to go out in a procession on 21st February 1952, despite a ban on such activities. (Complex)

    (e) As a result, he and many others were arrested and taken to prison. (Active)

    (f) He took part in the mass movement in 1969. (Interrogative)

    (g)He made a legendary film ‘Jibon Theke Neya’ based on the Language Movement of 193. (Complex)

    (h) Satyajit Ray. Mrinal Sen and Ritwik Ghatak appreciated this film. (Passive)

    (i) One day he left home with a view to getting back his brother, Shahidullah Kaiser. (Complex)

    (j)Though he did not get back his brother, he could see the inception of a free independent Bangladesh. (Compound)

    1. (a)People in general are fond of glittering things. (Complex)

    (b)They are the lovers of surface. (Interrogative)

    (c)They are concerned at the outer show of things and beings. (Active)

    (d)They do not bother about intrinsic value. (Affirmative)

    (e)Gold is one of the precious metals. (Positive)

    (f)But there are some other metals looking like gold. (Compound)

    (g)They fade soon and lose their beauty. (Simple)

    (h)Similarly there are some people acting like the wise. (Complex)

    (i)As soon as their real identity gets revealed people leave me. (Negative)

    (j) We are very foolish believing them. (Exclamatory)

    1. (a) A man who is frugal does not like to send money without reasons. (Simple)

    (b) The target or a frugal man is to save money for future. (Complex)

    (c) Everyone should practise frugality to make a well-planned family. (Passive)

    (d) Since a frugal man saves money, he can spend it in time. (Compound)

    (e)A frugal man is happier than a prodigal man. (Positive)

    (f) A frugal man can maintain his family smoothly. (Complex)

    (g) A frugal man never falls in want. (Affirmative)

    (h) Frugality is a very important practice. (Exclamatory)

    (i) The man who practises frugality can also help other. (Simple sentence)

    (j) Frugality is a part of religion. (Complex)

    1. (a) Optimism is a great quality. (Compound)

    (b) It leads one to be happy. (Passive)

    (c) Only the optimists are accepted by all. (Negative)

    (d) We all should be optimistic about life. (Complex)

    (e) There are not many who are optimistic. (Affirmative)

    (f) In fact all can’t be optimistic. (Interrogative)

    (g) We can attract the attention of others when we are optimistic. (Simple)

    (h) Optimism is one of the greatest qualities. (Comparative)

    (i) It is a vivid quality. (Exclamatory)

    (j) Who does not believe the truth? (Assertive)

    1. (a)Never tell a lie. (Affirmative)

    (b) Telling lies is the greatest of all sins. (Positive)

    (c) A person who tells lies can never get any permanent success. (Simple)

    (d) We know that a lie breeds hundred lies. (Passive)

    (e) In spite of knowing the bad results of lies, some people keep on telling lies. (Compound)

    (f) They tell lies with a view to gaining some material gains. (Complex)

    (g) Fie! They are very unfortunate. (Assertive)

    (h) They should be made to realise the fact. (Active)

    (i) Even God always dislikes a liar. (Negative)

    (j) We want that everybody will speak the truth. (Simple)

    1. (a)Man is the most intelligent creation. (Positive)

    (b) He uses time intelligently. Negative)

    (c) He has to make division or me to do his work properly. (Complex)

    (d)The works sincerely, he can succeed in life. (Compound)

    (e)An active man always uses his time for a productive purpose. (Negative)

    (f)To him time is money. (Complex)

    (g)He knows that time once gone is gone forever. (Simple)

    (h)He cares for none in using his time. (Voice)

    (i)Since time does not wait for us, we should not waste away it. (Compound)

    (j)A time killer has to repent in the long run. (Complex)

    1. (a) Dhaka is the most densely populated city in the world. (Negative)

    (b)Besides being populated, it is polluted city. (Compound)

    (c) Traffic jam is also a great problem here. (Interrogative)

    (d) In spite of so many problems, people are coming here to live. (Complex)

    (e)Actually traffic jam is the most unbearable problem for the visitors here. (Positive)

    (f)The narrow roads are mainly responsible for traffic jam. (Compound)

    (g)Without taking proper steps, we cannot solve the problems. (Complex)

    (h)Luckily some pragmatic steps have been taken to solve all the problems. (Active)

    (i)We should help the government or we cannot expect a desired Dhaka. (Simple)

    (j)We cannot make Dhaka livable without our united efforts. (Affirmative)

    1. (a) Jerry was an orphan boy. (Complex)

    (b) I did not recognise his name. (Affirmative)

    (c) He was like a star twinkling in a cloudless sky. (Interrogative)

    (d) Once he broke the axe handle. (Complex)

    (e) But he did not take the money to repair it. (Affirmative)

    (f)He admitted that he was responsible for breaking the handle. (Compound)

    (g)He admitted his guilt. (Negative)

    (h) No one hits accurately every time. (Complex)

    (i)To err is human. (Complex)

    (j)He was not a deceiver. (Affirmative)

    Answers from 46 to 60

     

     Set 46 (Cox’s Bazar)

    (a) No other sea beach in the world is as long as Cox’s Bazar. (Positive) (b) Doesn’t everyone know this? (Interrogative) (c) The tourists from home and abroad visit this sea beach. (Active) (d) They come here so that they can enjoy themselves. (Complex) (e) It is more amusing than most other places in the world. (Comparative) (f) The scenery of Cox’s Bazar is very charming. (Assertive) (g) The wide open sea widens the hearts of the visitors. (Simple) (h) Only the harsh people cannot but avoid this beauty. (Negative) (i) It is a famous tourist place, and so its condition should be developed. (Compound) (j) Some steps are going to be taken by our government to make it more attractive. (Passive)

    Set 47 (Water Pollution)

    (a) Water, which is a vital element of environment, is polluted in different ways. (Complex) (b) People pollute water, and they throw waste into it. (Compound) (c) Don’t farmers use chemical fertilizers and insecticides in the fields? (Interrogative) (d) Rain and flood wash away some of these chemicals to get mixed with water. (Simple) (e) Water is also polluted by mills and factories. (Passive) (f) Water vehicles pollute rivers, for they dump oil, food waste, and human waste into them. (Compound) (g) Various kinds of waste and filth contaminate water thus. (Active) (h) Clean water is not unsafe for life. (Negative) (i) But water that is contaminated is harmful for life. (Complex) (j) So, steps that are effective should be taken to prevent water pollution. (Complex)

    Set 48 (Illiteracy)

    (a) It is illiteracy which is a curse. (Complex) (b) Illiteracy is more dreadful than any other problem in Bangladesh. (Comparative) (c) Illiteracy badly hampers all the development of our country. (Active) (d) Most of the people of our country are unable to write and read. (Affirmative) (e) So the literacy rate in Bangladesh is not high. (Negative) (f) It is so poor that one cannot imagine it. (Complex) (g) Illiteracy frustrates all our efforts, yet we do not realize it. (Compound) (h) Isn’t it the duty of the educated persons to educate the illiterate? (Interrogative) (i) Students have duties to the society, so they should do something about illiteracy. (Compound) (j) Necessary steps have been taken by the government to eradicate illiteracy. (Passive)

    Set 49 (Traffic Jam)

    (a) Traffic jam is more serious than any other problem in Dhaka city now. (Comparative) (b) It is not an uncommon affair in most of the cities and towns. (Negative) (c) Sometimes this jam is so acute that it blocks more than a kilometre of a street. (Compound) (d) Our valuable time is killed by it. (Passive) (e) If we take some pragmatic steps, we can solve this problem. (Complex) (f) We can construct more wide roads. (Active) (g) Law should be implemented so that punishment can be ensured. (Complex) (h) Experienced drivers should be given license. (Simple) (i) Public awareness is the most important step. (Superlative) (j) How enjoyable life in Dhaka city will be then! (Exclamatory)

    Set 50 (English Failure)

    (a) There are a good number of reasons for the students in Bangladesh to fail in English. (Simple) (b) The students fail in English in a great number because it is a foreign language. (Complex) (c) Students seek the chance to cross the barriers of examination and they do it. (Compound) (d) No other subject is as fearful to them as English. (Positive) (e) We must not fail to develop the skill of the students in English. (Negative) (f) We should teach our students methodically so that we can remove their fear of English. (Complex) (g) An important role can be played by teachers in this regard. (Passive) (h) Shouldn’t teachers invent new ways of teaching? (Interrogative) (i) By taking care of their students, they can teach well. (Simple) (j) It is true and students will learn from their teachers. (Compound)

    Set 51 (Importance of English)

    (a) English is not a native language. (Affirmative: English is a foreign language.) (b) But, what a great importance it has! (Exclamatory) (c) This truth is known by everybody. (Passive voice) (d) If you do not learn English, you cannot hope to get a good job. (Complex sentence) (e) The man knowing English well can get a good job. (Simple sentence) (f) Very few people are as valuable as he. (Positive sentence) (g) Don’t many people use English as their mother tongue? (Interrogative sentence) (h) People are now using English as a common language for international communication. (Active) (i) You cannot but learn English. (Negative sentence) (j) Work hard and you will be able to learn it. (Compound sentence)

    Set 52 (English Communication)

    (a) English is more used than most other languages in the world. (Comparative degree) (b) People speak it all over the world. (Active Voice) (c) The international community is helped by English to communicate across national borders. (Passive) (d) People having good knowledge in English get good jobs. (Simple sentence) (e) Without learning English, we cannot prosper. (Simple sentence) (f) If we do not learn English, we cannot acquire knowledge. (Complex sentence) (g) We cannot but learn English. (Negative sentence) (h) We should learn it and then we can get good jobs. (Compound) (i) Doesn’t English open a door to knowledge? (Interrogative) (j) It is difficult to communicate across national borders without learning English. (Affirmative sentence)

    Set 53 (Zahir Raihan)

    (a) Very few film-makers in Bangladesh were as talented as Zahir Raihan. (Positive degree) (b) What a popular film-maker he was! (Exclamatory) (c) He was not an inactive worker of the Language Movement. (Negative) (d) He was one of the ten students who went out in a procession on 21st February 1952, despite a ban on such activities. (Complex) (e) As a result, the authority arrested him and many others and took them to prison. (Active) (f) Didn’t he take part in the mass movement in 1969? (Interrogative) (g) He made a legendary film ‘Jibon Theke Neya’ which was based on the Language Movement of 193. (Complex) (h) This film was appreciated by Satyajit Ray, Mrinal Sen and Ritwik Ghatak. (Passive) (i) One day he left home because he wanted to get back his brother, Shahidullah Kaiser. (Complex) (j) He did not get back his brother, but he could see the inception of a free independent Bangladesh. (Compound)

    Set 54 (Glittering Things)

    (a) People in general are fond of things that glitter. (Complex) (b) Aren’t they the lovers of surface? (Interrogative) (c) The outer show of things and beings concerns them. (Active) (d) They do not care about intrinsic value. (Affirmative: They disregard intrinsic value.) (e) Very few metals are as precious as gold. (Positive) (f) There are some other metals, and they look like gold. (Compound) (g) Fading soon, they lose their beauty. (Simple) (h) Similarly there are some people who act like the wise. (Complex) (i) No sooner does their real identity get revealed than people leave me. (Negative) (j) How foolish we are believing them! (Exclamatory)

    Set 55 (Frugality)

    (a) A frugal man does not like to send money without reasons. (Simple: A frugal man dislikes sending money without reasons.) (b) The target or a frugal man is to save money so that he can use it for future. (Complex) (c) Frugality should be practiced by everyone to make a well-planned family. (Passive) (d) A frugal man saves money, so he can spend it in time. (Compound) (e) A prodigal man is not as happy as a frugal man. (Positive) (f) A frugal man can maintain his family in a way that is smooth. (Complex) (g) A frugal man is never free from want. (Affirmative: A frugal man is always provident.) (h) How important a practice frugality is! (Exclamatory) (i) The man practicing frugality can also help other. (Simple sentence) (j) It is frugality which is a part of religion. (Complex)

    Set 56 (Optimism)

    (a) Optimism is a great quality, and it helps one a lot. (Compound) (b) One is led by it to be happy. (Passive) (c) None but the optimists are accepted by all. (Negative) (d) We all should be optimistic about life so that we can lead a happy life. (Complex) (e) There are few who are optimistic. (Affirmative: There are some who are optimistic.) (f) Can all be optimistic? (Interrogative) (g) Being optimistic, we can attract the attention of others. (Simple) (h) Optimism is greater than most other qualities. (Comparative) (i) What a vivid quality it is! (Exclamatory) (j) Everybody believes the truth. (Assertive)

    Set 57 (Telling a Lie)

    (a) Always speak the truth. (Affirmative) (b) No other sin is as great as telling lies. (Positive) (c) A person who tells lies can never get any permanent success. (Simple: A person telling lies can never get any permanent success.) (d) That a lie breeds hundred lies is known to us. (Passive) (e) Some people keep on telling lies, though they know the bad results of lies. (Compound) (f) They tell lies so that they can gain some material gains. (Complex) (g) They are very unfortunate. (Assertive) (h) We should make them realise the fact. (Active) (i) Even God never likes a liar. (Negative) (j) We want everybody to speak the truth. (Simple)

    Set 58 (Time Management)

    (a) No other creation is as intelligent as man. (Positive) (b) He does not use time unintelligently. (Negative) (c) He has to make division or me so that he can do his work properly. (Complex) (d) Work sincerely, or he cannot succeed in life. (Compound) (e) An active man never uses his time for an unproductive purpose. (Negative) (f) It is time which is money to him. (Complex) (g) He knows the fact of time once gone being gone forever. (Simple) (h) None is cared for by him in using his time. (Voice) (i) Time does not wait for us, so we should not waste away it. (Compound) (j) A time killer has to repent when a long time passes. (Complex)

    Set 59 (Dhaka Problems)

    (a) Dhaka is not less densely populated than any other city in the world. (Negative) (b) It is populated, and it is also a polluted city. (Compound) (c) Isn’t traffic jam also a great problem here? (Interrogative) (d) Although there are so many problems, people are coming here to live. (Complex) (e) No other problem for the visitors here is as unbearable as traffic jam actually. (Positive) (f) The roads are narrow, so they are mainly responsible for traffic jam. (Compound) (g) If we do not take proper steps, we cannot solve the problems. (Complex) (h) Luckily, the authority has taken some pragmatic steps to solve all the problems. (Active) (i) We should help the government without which we cannot expect a desired Dhaka. (Simple) (j) Our united efforts can make Dhaka livable. (Affirmative)

    Set 60 (Jerry)

    (a) Jerry was a boy who was an orphan. (Complex) (b) I failed to recognise his name. (Affirmative) (c) Wasn’t he like a star twinkling in a cloudless sky? (Interrogative) (d) Once he broke the axe handle when he was working. (Complex) (e) But he refused to take the money to repair it. (Affirmative) (f) He was responsible for breaking the handle, and he admitted it. (Compound) (g) He did not deny his guilt. (Negative) (h) There is no one who hits accurately every time. (Complex) (i) It is human that errs. (Complex) (j) He was honest. (Affirmative)

    1. (a) Women are as important as men in society. (Comparative)

    (b) They have noble mission to fulfill as men. (Interrogative)

    (c)If they get opportunity, their genius will bloom fully. (Compound)

    (d) Without the uplift of women, the progress of the nation is not possible. (Complex)

    (e) By education, women can be elevated. (Negative)

    (f) So all out education should be imparted to the womenfolk. (Active)

    (g) Women play a role which is important in moulding the characters on their children. (Simple)

    (h) There is no woman who is not a potential mother. (Affirmative)

    (i) An educated mother is better than an uneducated mother in bringing up children. (Positive)

    (j) I wish all women were educated. (Exclamatory)

    1. (a) Refugees crisis is a common affair throughout the world. (Make complex sentence)

    (b) It is one of the biggest problems modern civilization has ever faced. (Use positive degree)

    (c) The reason behind displacement of people may vary. (Make negative sentence)

    (d) There are many conflicting areas in different continents. (Make complex sentence)

    (e) Different countries respond to this crisis as they please. (Make simple sentence)

    (f) Only a few of them respond to the call of humanity. (Make negative sentence)

    (g) Bangladesh has set a very praiseworthy example. (Make exclamatory sentence)

    (h) When Bangladesh accepted the refugees, they honoured humanity. (Make simple sentence)

    (i) Bangladesh is showing great care and love to distress humanity. (Make complex sentence)

    (j) The world should learn from Bangladesh. (Make it negative)

    1. (a) Cox’s Bazar seabeach is the largest in the world. (Complex)

    (b) It is one of the most beautiful seabeach in the world. (Positive)

    (c) It is called pleasure seekers’ paradise. (Active)

    (d) The visitors go there to enjoy natural beauty. (Compound)

    (e) Those who become tired may go to relax there (Simple)

    (f)They come here to enjoy themselves. (Complex)

    (g)Our government is going to take some steps to make it more attractive. (Passive)

    (h)Would that I could visit this place. (Exclamatory)

    (i)It is very suitable for wealth. (Exclamatory)

    (j)We must take care of it for our nation. (Negative)

    1. (a) Everybody wants to make a good result in the exam. (Interrogative)

    (b)It is not an easy task (Affirmative)

    (c) Being industrious, every student can make a good result. (Negative)

    (d)The idle always lag behind. (Complex)

    (e)Students must work hard so that they can prosper in life. (Simple)

    (f)By working hard, you can also change your condition. (Compound

    (g) The light of prosperity can be seen by a hard-working person. (Active)

    (h) Girls can work as much as boys. (Comparative)

    (i)Students should also observe the rules of health. (Passive)

    (j)An idle student leads a very miserable life. (Exclamatory)

    1. (a) Water logging is one of the worst problems of Dhaka city. (Positive)

    (b) People suffer a lot from water logging. (Interrogative)

    (c) The city dwellers are the worst victim. (Complex

    (d)Government has taken some measures to solve this problem. (Passive)

    (e) The problem must be addressed properly. (Active)

    (f) What a miserable life we lead in the rainy season! (Assertive)

    (g)We cannot but go with this problem. (Affirmative)

    (h)No other phenomenon is as intolerable as this problem. (Superlative)

    (i)The people who live in the slum suffer terribly. (Simple)

    (j)Nothing is as bad as this problem. (Comparative)

    1. (a) Everybody believes that education is the backbone of a nation. (Make simple sentence)

    (b)And you know that only education can give us light of knowledge. (Make negative sentence)

    (c)Man is superior to all creatures in the universe because of his intellect. (Make compound sentence) (d)Though he has intellect and conscience, he has lagged behind in humanity. (Make simple sentence) (e)Now, mankind is passing a very critical time. (Exclamatory)

    (f)Only education can help him to overcome this. (Make negative sentence)

    (g)We should learn moral education as well. (Use passive voice)

    (h) Moral education can develop the sense of humanity. (Make complex sentence)

    (i) Man is a rational being. (Make negative sentence)

    (j)This separates him from other beings. (Use passive voice)

    1. (a) Birds are of the greatest gifts or nature (Positive)

    (b) Who does not love birds? (Assertive)

    (c) We must be kind to them. Negative)

    (d) They help to keep ecological balance. (Interrogative)

    (e) in winter some birds come to our country from Siberia. (Complex)

    (f) The birds eat up the insects which are harmful for our crops. (Simple)

    (g) Birds beautify nature to a great extent. (Passive)

    (h) Very few living things are as useful as birds for our ecosystem. (Superlative)

    (i)Birds are very essential. (Exclamatory)

    (j)The crow is the ugliest of all birds. (Comparative)

    1. (a) Once two women quarreled over a baby, each claiming the baby as her own. (Compound)

    (b) As the dispute could not be settled, they were brought before a judge for a settlement. (Simple)

    (c) The judge left no stone unturned to solve the problem. (Affirmative)

    (d) He also tried his best to make them accept the truth but both clung to their claims. (Simple)

    (e) The wise judge then ordered the executioner to cut the baby into two equal parts. (Passive)

    (f)At this, one woman remained quiet but the other one cried out in sorrow. (Complex)

    (g) The real mother did not want her son to be killed. (Interrogative)

    (h)So, she decided to leave her demand. (Passive)

    (i)The fake mother gladly accepted the proposal. (Negative)

    (j)Then, the judge gave the baby to the weeping mother and punished the other one. (Simple)

    1. (a) Simplicity is a great virtue. (Interrogative)

    (b) Everybody appreciates this quality. (Negative)

    (c) It is a very praiseworthy quality. (Exclamatory)

    (d)It is the best of all qualities. (Positive)

    (e)One should practise this virtue. (Passive)

    (f)Those who lead a simple life are happy. (Simple)

    (g)Without practicing this quality you cannot earn people’s favour. (Compound)

    (h) Simplicity is one of the best qualities. (Comparative)

    (i)A simple man can win easily others’ favour. (Complex)

    (j) Very few people are as lucky as a simple man. (Superlative)

    1. (a) Communication technology is a wonderful invention. (Exclamatory)

    (b) There are many things that have been included in communication technology. (Simple)

    (c) To run this system, computer is a must. (Complex)

    (d)Internet is the latest invention in the communication system. (Positive)

    (e) So, we should know the use of Internet in our daily life. (Active)

    (f) No other education is as necessary as the education on Internet. (Comparative)

    71. (a) Internet is one of the most miraculous inventions of science. (Comparative)

    (b) It has brought about an unimaginable revolution the field of communication (Complex)

    (c) It is a computer network which connects other networks and computers across the globe. (Simple)

    (d)This network is interlinked with telephone line. (Active)

    (e) Every computer requires a modem and a special kind of software for Internet (Interrogative)

    (f) In this modern world Internet is more wonderful than any other invention. (Positive)

    (g) There are not more than two types of Internet. (Affirmative)

    (h) Internet gets connection from three networking systems. (Compound)

    (i) Internet users can get any sort of information very easily and quickly. (Passive)

    (j) Thus internet has done a great wonderful job. (Exclamatory)

    Answers from 61 to 71

     

    Set 61 (Women’s Role)

    (a) Women are not less important than men in society. (Comparative) (b) Don’t they have a noble mission to fulfill as men? (Interrogative) (c) They get opportunity, and their genius will bloom fully. (Compound) (d) If women do not get uplift, the progress of the nation is not possible. (Complex) (e) Women cannot be elevated without education. (Negative) (f) The government/We should impart all out education to the womenfolk. (Active) (g) Women play an important role in moulding the characters on their children. (Simple) (h) Every woman is a potential mother. (Affirmative) (i) An uneducated mother is not as good as an educated mother in bringing up children. (Positive) (j) If only all women were educated! (Exclamatory)

    Set 62 (Refugee Crisis)

    (a) Refugees crisis is an affair which is common throughout the world. (Make complex sentence) (b) Very few problems modern civilization has ever faced are as big as it. (Use positive degree) (c) The reason behind displacement of people may not be similar. (Make negative sentence) (d) There are many areas where conflicts exist in different continents. (Make complex sentence) (e) Different countries respond to this crisis according to their pleasure. (Make simple sentence) (f) None but a few of them respond to the call of humanity. (Make negative sentence) (g) What a very praiseworthy example Bangladesh has set! (Make exclamatory sentence) (h) By accepting the refugees, Bangladesh honoured humanity. (Make simple sentence) (i) Bangladesh is showing great care and love to distress humanity which is suffering. (Make complex sentence) (j) The world should not fail to learn from Bangladesh. (Make it negative)

    Set 63 (Cox’s Bazar Seabeach)

    (a) Cox’s Bazar seabeach is the largest seabeach that exists in the world. (Complex) (b) Very few seabeaches in the world are as beautiful as it. (Positive) (c) People call it pleasure seekers’ paradise. (Active) (d) The visitors go there and they enjoy natural beauty. (Compound) (e) The tired may go to relax there. (Simple) (f) They come here so that they can enjoy themselves. (Complex) (g) Some steps are going to be taken by our government to make it more attractive. (Passive) (h) Oh, to visit this place! (Exclamatory) (i) How suitable it is for wealth! (Exclamatory) (j) We must not fail to take care of it for our nation. (Negative)

    Set 64 (Good Result)

    (a) Who does not want to make a good result in the exam? (Interrogative) (b) It is a difficult task. (Affirmative) (c) Without being industrious, no student can make a good result. (Negative) (d) The students who are idle always lag behind. (Complex) (e) Students must work hard to prosper in life. (Simple) (f) Work hard and you can also change your condition. (Compound) (g) A hard-working person can see the light of prosperity. (Active) (h) Girls are not less able to work than boys. (Comparative) (i) The rules of health should also be observed by students. (Passive) (j) What a miserable life an idle student leads! (Exclamatory)

    Set 65 (Water Logging)

    (a) Very few problems of Dhaka city are as bad as water logging. (Positive) (b) Who does not suffer a lot from water logging? (Interrogative) (c) The city dwellers are the victim who suffer worst. (Complex) (d) Some measures have been taken by the government to solve this problem. (Passive) (e) We must address the problem properly. (Active) (f) We lead a very miserable life in the rainy season. (Assertive) (g) We have to go with this problem. (Affirmative) (h) This problem is the most intolerable phenomenon. (Superlative) (i) The people living in the slum suffer terribly. (Simple) (j) This problem is worse than anything else. (Comparative)

    Set 66 (Education and Morality)

    (a) Everybody believes education to be the backbone of a nation. (Make simple sentence) (b) And you do not know that only education can give us light of knowledge. (Make negative sentence: And you know that nothing but education can give us light of knowledge.) (c) Man has intellect, and he is superior to all creatures in the universe. (Make compound sentence) (d) Despite having intellect and conscience, he has lagged behind in humanity. (Make simple sentence) (e) What a critical time mankind is passing now! (Exclamatory) (f) Nothing but education can help him to overcome this. (Make negative sentence) (g) Moral education should be learned by us as well. (Use passive voice) (h) It is moral education that can develop the sense of humanity. (Make complex sentence) (i) Man is not an irrational being. (Make negative sentence) (j) He is separated from other beings by this. (Use passive voice)

    Set 67 (Birds)

    (a) Very few gifts of nature are as great as birds. (Positive) (b) Everybody loves birds. (Assertive) (c) We cannot but be kind to them. (Negative) (d) Don’t they help to keep ecological balance? (Interrogative) (e) Some birds come to our country from Siberia when it is winter. (Complex) (f) The birds eat up the insects harmful for our crops. (Simple) (g) Nature is beautified by birds to a great extent. (Passive) (h) Birds are the most useful living things for our ecosystem. (Superlative) (i) How essential birds are! (Exclamatory) (j) The crow is uglier than all other birds. (Comparative)

    Set 68 (The Wise Judge)

    (a) Once two women quarreled over a baby, and each claimed the baby as her own. (Compound) (b) The dispute not being settled, they were brought before a judge for a settlement. (Simple) (c) He left every stone turned to solve the problem. (Affirmative) (d) Trying his best to make them accept the truth, he saw both clung to their claims. (Simple) (e) The executioner was then ordered by the wise judge to cut the baby into two equal parts. (Passive) (f) At this, one woman remained quiet, but the other one who cried out was in sorrow. (Complex) (g) Did the real mother want her son to be killed? (Interrogative) (h) So, her demand was decided to be left by her. (Passive) (i) The fake mother did not refuse the proposal. (Negative) (j) The judge gave the baby to the weeping mother and then punished the other one. (Simple)

    Set 69 (Simplicity)

    (a) Isn’t simplicity a great virtue? (Interrogative) (b) Nobody dislikes this quality. (Negative) (c) What a praiseworthy quality it is! (Exclamatory) (d) No other quality is as good as it. (Positive) (e) This virtue should be practiced by one. (Passive) (f) The leaders of a simple life are happy. (Simple) (g) Practise this quality or you cannot earn people’s favour. (Compound) (h) Simplicity is better than most other qualities. (Comparative) (i) A simple man can win others’ favour which is easily. (Complex) (j) A simple man is the luckiest of all people. (Superlative)

    Set 70 (Communication Technology)

    (a) What a wonderful invention communication technology is! (Exclamatory) (b) Many things have been included in communication technology. (Simple) (c) Computer is a must if we want to run this system. (Complex) (d) No other invention in the communication system is as late as Internet. (Positive) (e) So, we should be aware of the use of Internet in our daily life. (Active: So, we should know the use of Internet in our daily life.) (f) The education on Internet is more necessary than any other education. (Comparative)

    Set 71 (Internet)

    (a) Internet is more miraculous than most other inventions of science. (Comparative) (b) It has brought about a revolution which is unimaginable in the field of communication. (Complex) (c) It is a computer network connecting other networks and computers across the globe. (Simple) (d) A telephone line interlinks this network. (Active) (e) Doesn’t every computer require a modem and a special kind of software for Internet? (Interrogative) (f) No other invention in this modern world is as wonderful as Internet. (Positive) (g) There are two types of Internet. (Affirmative) (h) Internet gets connection, and it is from three networking systems. (Compound) (i) Any sort of information can be gotten by Internet users very easily and quickly. (Passive) (j) What a great wonderful job internet has done thus! (Exclamatory)

    72. (a) Very few cities in the world are so/as busy as Singapore. (Use comparative degree)

    (b)  Raffles is one of the finest hotels. (Use positive degree)

    (c) Millions of people visit Singapore every year. (Use passive voice)

    (d) People who love food can taste local as well as foreign food. (Make simple sentence)

    (e) The people of Singapore are very well behaved. (Make negative sentence)

    (f) They welcome the tourists warmly. (Use passive voice)

    (g)They are industrious. (Make negative sentence)

    (h)They are too polite to misbehave towards others. (Make complex sentence)

    (i) The tourists are also pleased with them. (Use active voice)

    (j) They go there to enjoy the city. (Make complex sentence)

    Set 72 (Singapore)

    (a) Singapore is busier than very few other cities in the world. (Use comparative degree) (b) Very few other hotels are so/as fine as Raffles. (Use positive degree) (c) Singapore is visited by millions of people every year. (Use passive voice) (d) Food-loving people can taste local as well as foreign food. (Make simple sentence) (e) The people of Singapore are not ill-behaved at all. (Make negative sentence) (f) The tourists are welcomed warmly by them. (Use passive voice) (g) They are not idle. (Make negative sentence) (h) They are so polite that they cannot misbehave towards others. (Make complex sentence) (i) They are also pleased with the tourists. (Use active voice) (j) They go there so that they can enjoy the city. (Make complex sentence)

    73. Transform the following sentences as directed in brackets.

    a. Truthfulness is the greatest of all virtues in a man’s life. (Make it Comparative)

    b. It ennobles one’s character and gives one high position in society. (Make it Simple)

    c. In spite of not making one rich, it brings peace of mind. (Make it Compound)

    d. He is loved by everybody. (Negative without changing meaning)

    e. A truthful person is respected and honored by all. (Make it Active)

    f. A truthful person cares nobody. (Make it Interrogative)

    g. A truthful person is not afraid of anybody. (Make it Complex)

    h. He fears none but Allah. (Affirmative without changing meaning)

    i. Truthfulness may lead the whole world to peace and happiness. (Make it Complex)

    j. It brings peace in one’s mind. (Make it Passive)

    Answer-1

    a. Truthfulness is greater than any other virtue in a man’s life.

    b. By ennobling one’s character, it gives one high position in society.

    c. It may not make one rich but brings peace of mind.

    d. He is not hated by anybody.

    e. All respect and honor a truthful person.

    f. Does a truthful person care anybody?

    g. A person who is truthful is not afraid of anybody.

    h. He fears only Allah.

    i. It is truthfulness which/that may lead the whole world to peace and happiness.

    j. Peace is brought by it in one’s mind.

    74. Transform the following sentences as directed in brackets.

    a. The other sailors were very much dissatisfied with the old sailor who had shot the albatross. (Make it Compound)

    b. The albatross is one of the largest birds. (Make it Positive)

    c. At this the sailors were very angry with him. (Negative without changing meaning)

    d. They cursed him and hung the dead albatross round his neck as a punishment. (Make it Simple)

    e. The sailors’ throats were too dry to speak. (Make it Complex)

    f. It was a very unlucky day. (Make it Exclamatory)

    g. Their eyes hurt with looking across the bright glassy sea watching all day long for a ship to come and rescue them. Make it Complex)

    h. But at last God took pity on him. (Make it Interrogative)

    i. One day the old sailor was watching the water snakes swimming round the ship. (Make it Passive)

    j. He was filled with a strange wonder. (Make it Active)

    Answer
    a. The old sailor had shot the albatross and so the other sailors were very much dissatisfied with him.
    b. Very few birds are as large as the albatross.
    c. At this the sailors were not without anger at him.
    d. Cursing him, they hung the dead albatross round his neck as a punishment.
    e. The sailors’ throats were so dry that they could not speak.
    f. What an unlucky day it was!
    g. As they were watching all day long for a ship to come and rescue them, their eyes hurt with looking across the bright glassy sea.
    h. But didn’t God take pity on him at last?
    i. One day the water snakes swimming round the ship were being watched by the old sailor.
    j. A strange wonder filled him.

    Transform the following sentences as directed in brackets.

    a. My friend invited me to pay a visit to Cox’s Bazar. (Make it Interrogative)

    b. I gladly accepted the invitation. (Make it Passive)

    1. c. When I reached there, my friend received me cordially. (Make it Compound)
      d. I was very glad to see the sea-beach. (Make it Exclamatory)
      e. Cox’s Bazar sea-beach is the longest sea-beach in the world. (Make it Complex)
      f. It is more beautiful than most other sea-beaches in the world. (Make it Superlative)
      g. It is called pleasure seekers’ paradise. (Make it Active)
      h. The visitors go there for enjoying natural beauties. (Make it Compound)
      i. Those who become tired may go to relax there. (Make it Simple)
      j. It was one of the most memorable journeys in my life. (Make it Positive)
      Answer-3
      a. Didn’t my friend invite me to pay a visit to Cox’s Bazar?
      b. The invitation was gladly accepted by me.
      c. I reached there and my friend received me cordially.
      d. How glad I was to see the sea-beach!
      e. It is Cox’s Bazar sea-beach which is the longest sea-beach in the world.
      Or, Cox’s Bazar is a sea-beach which is the longest sea-beach in the world.
      f. It is one of the most beautiful sea-beaches in the world.
      g. People call it pleasure seekers’ paradise.
      h. The visitors want to enjoy natural beauties and so they go there.
      i. The tired may go to relax there.
      j. Very few journeys in my life were as memorable as it.
      4.
      a. Bangladesh is one of the poorest countries in the world. (Make it Positive)
      b. But she is not as poor as Ethiopia. (Make it Comparative)
      c. No other condition in a person’s life is as undesirable as poverty. (Make it Superlative)
      d. It is a great problem of a country. (Negative without changing meaning)
      e. It destroys the dignity of an individual as well as a nation. (Make it Passive)
      f. The poor people lead a miserable life. (Make it Exclamatory)
      g. They cannot send their children to school because they are insolvent. (Make it Compound)
      h. Comprehensive measures should be adopted to ameliorate the condition. (Make it Active)
      i. Bangladesh is a poor country but blessed with a lot of natural resources. (Make it Simple)
      j. Proper utilization of these resources can eradicate our poverty. (Make it Complex)
      Answer-4
      a. Very few countries in the world are as poor as Bangladesh.
      b. But she is less poor than Ethiopia.
      Or, But Ethiopia is poorer than she.
      c. Poverty is the most undesirable condition in a person’s life.
      d. It is not a little problem of a country.
      e. The dignity of an individual as well as a nation is destroyed by it.
      f. What a miserable life the poor people lead!
      g. They are insolvent and so they cannot send their children to school.
      h. We should adopt comprehensive measures to ameliorate the condition.
      Or, The Government should adopt comprehensive measures to ameliorate the condition.
      i. In spite of her poverty, Bangladesh is blessed with a lot of natural resources.
      Or, In spite of her being a poor country, Bangladesh is blessed with a lot of natural resources.
      j. If we utilize these resources properly, we can eradicate our poverty.
    1. Transform the following sentences as directed in brackets.

    2. a. Today nothing is as serious as pollution. (Make it Superlative)
      b. But nobody is aware of it. (Make it Interrogative)
      c. Water, a vital element of environment, is polluted in different ways. (Make it Complex)
      d. Men pollute water by throwing waste in it. (Make it Compound)
      e. Mills and factories also pollute water. (Make it Passive)
      f. When rain and flood wash away some of these chemicals, they get mixed with water. (Make it Simple)
      g. Water vehicles pollute rivers by dumping oil, food waste and human waste into them. (Make it Compound)
      h. Thus water is contaminated by various kinds of waste and filth. (Make it Active)
      i. The water which is pure is necessary for us. (Make it Simple)
      j. Water is one of the most important elements of all living beings. (Make it Positive)
      Answer-5.
      a. Today pollution is the most serious thing.
      Or, Today pollution is most serious.
      b. But is anybody aware of it?
      c. Water which is a vital element of environment is polluted in different ways.
      d. Men throw waste in water and thus pollute it.
      e. Water is also polluted by mills and factories.
      f. Some of these chemicals get mixed with water being washed away by rain and flood.
      g. Water vehicles dump oil, food waste and human waste into rivers and thus pollute them.
      h. Thus various kinds of waste and filth contaminate water.
      i. Pure water is necessary for us.
      j. Very few elements of all living beings are as important as water.

    3. a. The old man told him about his last journey on the sea. (Make it complex)
      b. The sea was frozen and the ice was all around them. (Make it simple)
      c. In those days there were no steamships. (Make it interrogative)
      d. The weather was very cold and there were few birds or animals in that snow covered country. (Make it complex)
      e. They saw an albatross. (Make it passive)
      f. The sailors thought that it was a sign of good omen. (Make it simple)
      g. It came to the ship everyday. (Make it interrogative)
      h. But one day the old sailor shot the bird. (Make it passive)
      i. He killed the bird which made the wind blow. (Make it compound)
      j. As there was no wind, the ship could not move. (Make it compound)

    Answer-6.
    a. The old man told him about his journey which was his last journey on the sea.
    b. The ice was all around them, because of the sea being frozen.
    c. Were there any steamships in those days?
    d. As / Since the weather was very cold, there were few birds or animals in that snow covered country.
    e. An albatross was seen by them.
    f. The sailor thought it as a sign of good omen.
    g. Didn’t it come to the ship everyday?
    h. But one day the bird was shot by the old sailor.
    i. He killed the bird and that made the wind blow.
    j. There was no wind and so the ship could not move.

    1. Transform the following sentences as directed in brackets.
      a. Tigers are known as ferocious animals. (Make it complex)
      b. As the paws are cushioned, a big tiger can walk through the driest leaves without causing a single crackle. (Make it simple)
      c. The tiger is one of the most ferocious animals. (Make it positive)
      d. Lions are not so strong as tigers. (Make it comparative)
      e. Tigers are extremely strong. (Make it exclamatory)
      f. They are not only strong but also ferocious. (Make it simple)
      g. They hunt swiftly. (Make it negative)
      h. They hunt after they target their prey. (Make it compound)
      i. When they walk, they don’t make any sound. (Make it simple)
      j. Tigers can swim well. (Make it interrogative)

    Answer-7.
    a. Tigers are animals that are known as ferocious.
    b. The paws being cushioned, a big tiger can walk through the driest leaves without causing a single crackle.
    c. Very few animals are as ferocious as the tiger.
    d. Tigers are stronger than lions.
    e. How strong tigers are!
    f. They are both strong and ferocious.
    g. They do not hunt slowly.
    h. They target their prey first and then they hunt.
    i. While walking, they don’t make any sound.
    j. Can’t tigers swim well?


    1. a. The whale is the largest creature in the world. (Make it positive)
      b. Its tongue is heavier than that of an elephant. (Make it negative)
      c. Some of its arteries are so big that a child can swim through. (Make it simple)
      d. In spite of their huge size, whales can move at a good speed. (Make it complex)
      e. Babies are fondled by their mother whales. (Make it active)
      f. It takes care of its babies to raise them properly. (Make it complex)
      g. It leaves her babies when they grow up. (Make it compound)
      h. The mother whale feeds her babies on milk. (Make it passive)
      i. The babies are safe with their mother. (Make it compound)
      j. The whale is as social as human beings. (Make it comparative)

    Answer-8.
    a. No other creature in the world is so large as the whale.
    b. An elephant’s tongue is not as heavy as that of a whale.
    c. Some of its arteries are big that enough for a child to swim through.
    d. Though whales have huge size, they can move at a good speed.
    Or, Though whales are huge in size, they can move at a good speed.
    e. Mother whales fondle their babies.
    f. It takes care of its babies so that it can raise them properly.
    g. Her babies grow up and it leaves them.
    h. Her babies are fed on milk by the mother whale.
    i. The babies are with their mother and so they are safe.
    j. Human beings are not more social than the whale.

    1. Read the following passage and transform the underlined sentences as directed

    (a) Jim and Delia sacrificed their dearest possessions in order to buy nice Christmas presents for each other. (Make it compound)

    (b) Delia had an ardent desire to give her husband a worthy gift. (Make it complex)

    (c) Jim also thought how he could give his wife a nice gift. (Make it simple)

    (d) Delia saved a scanty amount of money for this. (Make it passive)

    (e) Jim was one of the sincerest husbands that we have ever known. (Make it positive)  

    (f) The old sailor shot the Albatross (Passive).

    (g) At this the sailors were very angry with him. (Negative)

    (h) Their throats were dry and they could not speak (Complex).

    (i) Since the old sailor killed the bird, he brought bad luck to the sailors (Simple).

    (j) It was a very unlucky day (Exclamatory).

    Set-1.

    1. The sailors throats were so dry that they could not speak. (make it compound)
    2. I gave him not only money but also good advice. (make it simple)
    3. Jim did not obey but tumbled down on the couch. (make it simple)
    4. I am sure it is a mistake. (make it compound)
    5. I did not know why it disturbed me. (make it compound)
    6. As I was well into my work, I was not inclined to conversation. (make it compound)
    7. I forget him and went outside the cabin. (make it simple)
    8. Without keeping an open mind, you can not understand people. (make it compound)
    9. Because of his wide experience, we elected him chairman. (make it compound)
    10. Foyot’s is more expensive than most other restaurants. (make it superlative)

    Answer-1:

    1. The sailors throats were very dry and therefore, they could not speak.
    2. Besides giving him money, I gave him good advice also.
    3. Instead of obeying, Jim tumbled down on the couch.
    4. It is a mistake and I am sure of it.
    5. It disturbed me but I did not know the reason.
    6. I was well into my work and not inclined to conversation.
    7. Forgetting him, I went outside the cabin.
    8. Keep an open mind or you can not understand people.
    9. He had wide experience and so we elected him chairman.
    10. Foyot’s is one of the most expensive restaurants.

    Set-2.

    1. As soon as I reach home, I shall meet my mother. (make it negative)
    2. Only two boys were present in the class. (make it negative)
    3. The old sailor had a strange, mad look in his eyes. (make it exclamatory)
    4. The dervishes have a very odd appearance. (make it exclamatory)
    5. Everybody loves his motherland. (make it interrogative)
    6. Friendship is nothing but a name. (make it interrogative)
    7. Our life is nothing but struggle. (make it interrogative)
    8. He knows nothing about it. (make it interrogative)
    9. Nothing can stop me from doing this. (make it interrogative)
    10. As soon as the teacher enters the classroom, the students stand up. (make it negative).

    Answer no.-2:

    1. No sooner do I reach home than I shall meet my mother.
    2. No/Not more than two boys were present in the class.
    3. What a strange. mad look the old sailor had in his eyes!
    4. What an odd appearance the dervishes have!
    5. Who does not love his motherland?
    6. What is friendship but a name?
    7. What is our life but struggle?
    8. Does he know anything about it?
    9. Can anything stop me from doing this? Or, What can stop me from doing this?
    10. No sooner does the teacher enter the classroom than the students stand up.

    Set-3.

    1. As soon as she saw it, she knew that it must be Jim’s. (make it negative)
    2. Jim and Della were as wise as the Magi. (make it negative)
    3. The farmer wanted to produce bumper crops and so he irrigated the land. (make it simple)
    4. The problem was so difficult that we could not solve it. (make it simple)
    5. The car imported from Japan is running well. (make it complex)
    6. I observed that she was making quarrel with others. (make it simple)
    7. If he comes earlier, he will have more time. (make it compound)
    8. Respect others and they will respect you. (make it complex)
    9. The examination being over, we left the class (make it complex)
    10. Though it was cold weather, we did not take warm clothes. (make it simple)

    Answer no.-3:

    1. No sooner had she seen it than she knew that it must be Jim’s.
    2. Jim and Della were not less wise than the Magi.
    3. The farmer irrigated the land to produce bumper crops.
    4. The problem was too difficult for us to solve.
    5. The car which has been imported from Japan is running well.
    6. I observed her making quarrel with others.
    7. Let him come earlier and he will have more time.
    8. If you respect others, they will respect you.
    9. When the examination was over, we left the class.
    10. Inspite of cold weather, we did not take warm clothes.

    Set-4.

    1. Mohsin is so close to me that I can not forget him. (make it compound)
    2. Shakespeare who was a great genius enriched English literature. (make it simple)
    3. In case of your going to the party, you may enjoy musical soiree. (make it complex)
    4. If he helps me, I shall also help him. (make it compound)
    5. The teacher is always rude to him. (make it negative)
    6. Always recall Allah. (make it negative)
    7. As soon as he reached home, he went to his mother. (make it simple)
    8. He is confident of his success. (make it complex)
    9. I have no money to spare. (make it complex)
    10. The boy who is industrious will shine in life. (make it simple)

    Answer no.-4:

    1. Mohsin is very close to me and I can not forget him.
    2. Shakespeare, a great genius, enriched English literature.
    3. If you go to the party, you may enjoy musical soiree.
    4. He may help me and in that case, I shall also help him.
    5. The teacher is never kind to him.
    6. Never forget Allah.
    7. Immediately after reaching home, he went to his mother.
    8. He is confident that he will succeed.
    9. I have no money that I can spare.
    10. An industrious boy will shine in life.

    Set-5.

    1. On going home I found my mother ill. (make it complex)
    2. He confessed that he was guilty. (make it simple)
    3. Every mother loves her child. (make it complex)
    4. A student must be disciplined. (Make it negative)
    5. I know the place of Rabindranath’s birth. (make it complex)
    6. There is no boy taller than he in the class. (make it superlative degree)
    7. Students stood up as soon as the teacher entered the class. (make it negative)
    8. On arrival of my mutton chop, she took me to task, (make it complex)
    9. All must read grammar book. (make it negative)
    10. If he loves his neighbors, they will love. (make it compound)

    Answer no.-5:

    1. When I went home, I found my mother ill.
    2. He confessed his guilt.
    3. There is no mother who does not love her child.
    4. A student can not but be disciplined.
    5. I know where Rabindranath was born.
    6. He is the tallest boy in the class.
    7. No sooner had the teacher entered the class than the students stood up.
    8. When my mutton chop arrived, she took me to task.
    9. All can not help reading grammar book.
    10. Let him love his neighbors and they will love him.

    Transformation of sentence 

    a) Truthfulness is the greatest of all virtues in a man’s life. (Comparative)

    b) It ennobles one’s character and gives one high position in society. (Simple)

    c) In spite of not making one rich, it brings peace of mind. (Compound)

    d) He is loved by everybody. (Negative without changing meaning)

    e) A truthful person is respected and honored by all. (Active)

    f) A truthful person cares nobody. (Interrogative)

    g) A truthful person is not afraid of anybody. (Complex)

    h) He fears none but Allah. (Affirmative without changing meaning)

    i) Truthfulness may lead the whole world to peace and happiness. (Complex)

    j) It brings peace in one’s mind. (Passive)

    Answer-1:

    a) Truthfulness is greater than any other virtue in a man’s life.

    b) By ennobling one’s character, it gives one high position in society.

    c) It may not make one rich but brings peace of mind.

    d) He is not hated by anybody.

    e) All respect and honor a truthful person.

    f) Does a truthful person care anybody?

    g) A person who is truthful is not afraid of anybody.

    h) He fears only Allah.

    i) It is truthfulness which/that may lead the whole world to peace and happiness.

    j) Peace is brought by it in one’s mind.

    2.

    a) The other sailors were very much dissatisfied with the old sailor who had shot the albatross. (Compound)

    b) The albatross is one of the largest birds. (Positive)

    c) At this the sailors were very angry with him. (Negative without changing meaning)

    d) They cursed him and hung the dead albatross round his neck as a punishment. (Simple)

    e) The sailors throats were too dry to speak. (Complex)

    f) It was a very unlucky day. (Exclamatory)

    g) Their eyes hurt with looking across the bright glassy sea watching all day long for a ship to come and rescue them. (Complex)

    h) But at last God took pity on him. (Interrogative)

    i) One day the old sailor was watching the water snakes swimming round the ship. (Passive)

    j) He was filled with a strange wonder. (Active)

    Answer-2:

    a) The old sailor had shot the albatross and so the other sailors were very much dissatisfied with him.

    b) Very few birds are as large as the albatross.

    c) At this the sailors were not without anger at him.

    d) Cursing him, they hung the dead albatross round his neck as a punishment.

    e) The sailors throats were so dry that they could not speak.

    f) What an unlucky day it was!

    g) As they were watching all day long for a ship to come and rescue them, their eyes hurt with looking across the bright glassy sea.

    h) But didn’t God take pity on him at last?

    i) One day the water snakes swimming round the ship were being watched by the old sailor.

    j) A strange wonder filled him.

    3.

    a) My friend invited me to pay a visit to Cox’s Bazar. (Interrogative)

    b) I gladly accepted the invitation. (Passive)

    c) When I reached there, my friend received me cordially. (Compound)

    d) I was very glad to see the sea-beach. (Exclamatory)

    e) Cox’s Bazar sea-beach is the longest sea-beach in the world. (Complex)

    f) It is more beautiful than most other sea-beaches in the world. (Superlative)

    g) It is called pleasure seekers paradise. (Active)

    h) The visitors go there for enjoying natural beauties. (Compound)

    i) Those who become tired may go to relax there. (Simple)

    j) It was one of the most memorable journeys in my life. (Positive)

    Answer-3:

    a) Didn’t my friend invite me to pay a visit to Cox’s Bazaar?

    b) The invitation was gladly accepted by me.

    c) I reached there and my friend received me cordially.

    d) How glad I was to see the sea-beach!

    e) It is Cox’s Bazar sea-beach, which is the longest see-beach in the world.

    or, Cox’s Bazar is a sea-beach, which is the longest see-beach in the world.

    f) It is one of the most beautiful sea-beaches in the world.

    g) People call it pleasure seekers paradise.

    h) The visitors want to enjoy natural beauties and so they go there.

    i) The tired may go to relax there.

    j) Very few journeys in my life were as memorable as it.

    4.

    a) Bangladesh is one of the poorest countries in the world. (Positive)

    b) But she is not as poor as Ethiopia. (Comparative)

    c) No other condition in a persons life is as undesirable as poverty. (Superlative)

    d) It is a great problem of a country. (Negative without changing meaning)

    e) It destroys the dignity of an individual as well as a nation. (Passive)

    f) The poor people lead a miserable life. (Exclamatory)

    g) They cannot send their children to school, because they are insolvent. (Compound)

    h) Comprehensive measures should be adopted to ameliorate the condition. (Active)

    i) Bangladesh is a poor country but blessed with a lot of natural resources. (Simple)

    j) Proper utilization of these resources can eradicate our poverty. (Complex)

    Answer-4:

    a) Very few countries in the world are as poor as Bangladesh.

    b) But she is less poor than Ethiopia.

    Or, But Ethiopia is poorer than she.

    c) Poverty is the most undesirable condition in a persons life.

    d) It is not a little problem of a country.

    e) The dignity of an individual as well as a nation is destroyed by it.

    f) What a miserable life the poor people lead!

    g) They are insolvent and so they cannot send their children to school.

    h) We should adopt comprehensive measures to ameliorate the condition.

    Or, The Government should adopt comprehensive measures to ameliorate the condition.

    i) In spite of her poverty, Bangladesh is blessed with a lot of natural resources.

    Or, In spite of her being a poor country, Bangladesh is blessed with a lot of natural resources.

    j) If we utilize these resources properly, we can eradicate our poverty.

      Change the sentences according to directions. 

    (a)        It was Friday and we were going to Chittagong. (Simple)

    (b)        After walking for ten minutes, we arrived at the station. (Compound)

    (c)        But scarcely had we reached there when the train left.(Negative)

    (d         So, we waited long to get the next train.(Complex)

    (e)        At last it came when the sun was about to set. (Simple)

    (f)        We bought the tickets and got on the train.(Simple)

    (g)        The train started running fast. (Interrogative)

    (h)        The scenery of setting sun surprised me. (Passive)

    (i)         Very few sights were so mice as it. (Comparative)

    (j)         We reached our destination in the morning.(Complex)

    1. Change the sentences according to directions.

    (a) Anika is a brilliant student. (exclamatory)

    (b) She is a regular student. (negative)

    (c) She is not inattentive to her studies. (affirmative)

    (d) She always helps the weak students. (passive)

    (e) She is the best of all students.(positive)

    (f) A letter was written to her mother by her yesterday. (active)

    (g) She told her mother to send 1000 taka to buy some books. (complex)

    (h) In the letter, she told her that she should not worry about her studies (simple)

    (i) Her mother often writes to her. (interrogative)

    (j) She feels that her mother is better than all other mother in the world. (superlative)

    1. complete the sentences.

    (a) The postman who serves in the town…

    (b) But the postman who…

    (c)The postman has a definite area where…

    (d) He carries across his shoulders a bag which…

    (e) He goes from one house to another and…

    Answer:-

    1. (a) What a brilliant student Anika is!

    (b) She is not an irregular student.

    (c) She is attentive to her studies.

    (d) The weak student is always helped by her.

    (e) No other students are as good as she.

    (f) Yesterday she wrote a letter to her mother,

    (g) She told her mother to send 4000 taka so that she could buy some books.

    (h) In the letter she told her mother not worry about her studies.

    (i) Doesn’t her mother often write to her?

    (j) She feels that her mother is the best of all other mothers in the world.

    1. (a)The postman who serves in the town puts on a khaki dress.

    (b) But the postman who works in the village has no particular dress.

    (c) The postman has a definite area where he has to go.

    (d) He carries across his shoulders a bag which contains letters parcels etc:

    (e) He goes from one house to another and delivers letters, money orders etc.

    Question no. 21

    (a) The students studying regularly can expect good result. (Complex)

    (b) Most of the students are in attentive to their studies. (Neg)

    (c) They waste their valuable time. (Passive)

    (d) Wasting time is harmful for them. (Int)

    (e) By repeating this activity, they make a poor result. (Complex)

    (f) Who loves them then ? (Assertive)

    (g) They are treated badly even by their family members. (Active)

    (h) If a student fails in the exam, he suffers from inferiority Complex. (Simple)

    (i) No other student in the class is as bad as a failed student. (Superlative)

    (j) A student should be aware of studying regularly so that he can do well in the exam. (Simple)

    Answer

    21.

    (a) The students who study regularly can expect good result.

    (b) Most of the students are not attentive to their studies.

    (c) Their valuable time is wasted by them.

    (d) Is not wasting time harmful for them ?

    (e) If they repeat this activity, they make a poor result.

    (f) Nobody loves them then .

    (g) Their family members treat them badly.

    (h) Failing in the exam, a student suffers from inferiority Complex.

    (i) A failed student is the worst of all student in the class.

    (j) A student should be aware of studying regularly In order to do well in the exam.

    – Question no- 06

    22.(a) Hayi Mohammad Mohsin was not an unkind man at all. (Affir)

    (b) He inherited best property from his father. (Int)

    (c) He was unmarried .(Neg)

    (d) During his life time, he spend money to help the poor. (Complex)

    (e) One night when he was saying his prayer, a thief broke in to his room. (Simple)

    (f) Seeing Mohsin, the thief cried .(Compound)

    (g) The thief was caught . (Active)

    (h) Hwo needy the thief was ! (Assertive)

    (i) He gave the thief some food and money. (Passive)

    (j) Mohsin was one of the best philanthropists in the world. (Positive)

    Answer

    .

    22.(a) Hayi Mohammad Mohsin a very kind man .

    (b) Did not he inherit best property from his father ?

    (c) He was not married .

    (d) During his life time, he spend money so that he could help the poor.

    (e) One night at the time of saying his prayer, a thief broke in to his room.

    (f) The thief swa Mohsin and cried .

    (g) People caught the thief .

    (h) The thief was very needy .

    (i) The thief was given some food and money by him.

    (j) Very fwe philanthropists in the world were as good as Mohsin .

    Question no- 06

    20.(a) Health is wealth. (Complex)

    (b) A healthy poor man is happier than a sick moneyed man. (Positive)

    (c) Though a healthy man is an asset to his family, an unhealthy man is liability.(Compound)

    (d) He can succeed in life. (Int)

    (e) Everybody can not but be conscious of his health. (Affir)

    (f) Everybody must take care of his health. (Neg)

    (g) Health can be improved by regular exercise and balanced diet.(Active)

    (h) The people who are poor can not afford to take a balanced diet.(Simple)

    (i) They are very concerned with the quantity of food. (Excl)

    (j) Everybody should knwo it that malnutrition causes weakness. (Passive)

    Answer

    20.(a) It is health which is wealth.

    (b) A sick moneyed man is not as happy as a healthy poor man .

    (c) A healthy man is an asset to his family but an unhealthy man is liability.

    (d) CanÕt he succeed in life ?

    (e) Everybody must be conscious of his health.

    (f) Everybody can not but take care of his health.

    (g) Man can improve health by regular exercise and balanced diet.

    (h) The poor people can not afford to take a balanced diet.

    (i) Hwo concerned with the quantity of food they are !.

    (j) It should be known to everybody that malnutrition causes weakness.

    Question no- 06

    1. (a) Husbandman Butt was a very popular poet. (Excl)

    (b) He was one of the greatest dramatist in Bangla literature. (Positive)

    (c) He was born at Sagordary on the bank of Kapotakho. (Complex)

    (d) When he was a boy, he desired to be an English man. (Simple)

    (e) He was recogni“ed by his teachers. (Active)

    (f) He thought that he was born on the wrong side of the planet. (Int)

    (g) His society was unable to appreciate his intellect. (Neg)

    (h) None but the west would be more receptive his genius. (Affir)

    (i) He was an ardent follower of lord Byron. (Int)

    (j) He went to Europe and started composing poems. (Simple)

    Answer

    1. (a) What a popular poet Madhusudan Dutt was !

    (b) Very fwe dramatist in Bangla literature were as great as he.

    (c) It was he whowas born at Sagordary on the bank of Kapotakho.

    (d) In his boyhood he desired to be an English man.

    (e) His teachers recogni“ed him.

    (f) Did not he think that he was born on the wrong side of the planet ?

    (g) His society was not able to appreciate his intellect.

    (h) Only the west would be more receptive his genius.

    (i) Was not he an ardent follower of lord Byron ?

    (j) Going to Europe, he started composing poems.

    12.(a) Strategy is the most important thing in the exam. (Comparative)

    (b) Any answer in the exam should not be elaborated. (Active)

    (c) When he gets the question paper, he should read it carefully. (Simple)

    (d) At first glance, the question may seem difficult. (Neg)

    (e) A student should attempt to answer all the question to get good marks. (Complex)

    (f) If an examinee answers all the question, the examiner becomes glad to see that. (Simple)

    (g) It is better than not answering at all. (positive)

    (h) It is really sensible. (Excl)

    (i) The examinee should not waste time by doing it. (Passive)

    (j) Without following this process, you can not bring a good result.(Compound)

    13.(a) Hazi Mohammad Mohsin was more generous than any other man in this subcontinent. (Positive)

    (b) He born in Hoogly. (complex)

    (c) He inherited a best property from his father.(Int)

    (d) He did not misuse this wealth.(passive)

    (e) He is called a friend of humanity. (Active)

    (f) He did not marry. (Affir)

    (g) During his life time, he is spend to help the poor. (compound)

    (h) He was very kind to the poor. (Neg)

    (i) One night when he was saying his prayer, a thief broke into his room.(Simple)

    (j) He caught the thief but did not punish him. (Complex)

    Answer

    12.(a) Strategy is more important than any other thing in the exam.

    (b) A student should not elaborate any answer in the exam.

    (c) On his getting the question paper, he should read it carefully.

    (d) At first glance, the question may not seem easy

    (e) A student should attempt to answer all the question so that he could get good marks.

    (f) By answering all the question, the examiner becomes glad to see that.

    (g) But answering is as good as it.

    (h) How sensible it is !.

    (i) Time should not be wasted by doing it.

    (j) Follow this process or you can not bring a good result.

    13.(a) No other man in this subcontinent was as generous as Hazi Mohammad Mohsin.

    (b) Hoogly is the place where he was born.

    (c) Did not he inherit a best property from his father ?

    (d) This wealth was not misused by him.

    (e) People call him a friend of humanity.

    (f) He was unmarried.

    (g) During his life time, he is spend and help the poor.

    (h) He was not unkind to the poor at all.

    (i) One night at the time of saying his prayer, a thief broke into his room.

    (j) Though he caught the thief , he did not punish him.

    Board question

    1.(a) We should read books to acquire knowledge. (Complex)

    (b) Books introduce us to the realm of knowledge. (Use passive voice)

    (c) The books of great writers contain noble thoughts and great ideas. (Interrogative)

    (d) By reading good books, we can enrich our mind. (Compound)

    (e) Reading books is a very good habit. (Exclamatory)

    (f) This habit is rarely disliked. (Affirmative)

    (g) More and more books should be read. (Active voice)

    (h) No other thing is as interesting as reading books. (Comparative degree)

    (i) When we read good books, we discover nwe worlds. (Simple)

    (j) Very fwe friends are as great as a good book. (Superlative degree)

    Answer

    1.(a) We should read books so that we could acquire knowledge.

    (b) We are introduced to the realm of knowledge by books.

    (c) Do not the books of great writers contain noble thoughts and great ideas ?

    (d) We read good books and can enrich our mind.

    (e) What a good habit reading books is !

    (f) This habit is Mostly liked.

    (g) We should read more and more books.

    (h) Reading book is more interesting than aû other thing.

    (i) At the time of reading good books, we discover nwe worlds.

    (j) A good book is one of the greatest friends.

    2.(a) Once upon a time two friends were passing by a forest. (Complex)

    (b) They were talking about their love for each other. (Interrogative meaning)

    (c) Suddenly they swa a bear which was coming towards them. (Simple)

    (d) The first friend climbed up a tree. (Complex)

    (e) The later could not climb up a tree. (Affirmative)

    (f) He did not find aû way. (Passive voice)

    (g) He lay down on the ground and feigned death. (Simple)

    (h) The bear smelt his ears, nose and face. (Passive voice)

    (i) He was though to be dead. (Complex)

    (j) The bear went away and he escaped himself. (Complex)

    Answer

    2.(a) Once upon a time there were two friends who were passing by a forest.

    (b) Were nÕt they talking about their love for each other ?

    (c) Suddenly they swa a bear coming towards them.

    (d) It was the first friend who climbed up a tree.

    (e) The later was unable to climb up a tree.

    (f) Any way was not found by him.

    (g) Laying down on the ground, he feigned death.

    (h) His ears, nose and face were smelt by the bear.

    (i) He was though that he was dead.

    (j) When/ as the bear went away, he escaped himself.

    3.(a) William Wordsworth is one of the best well-known poets in English literature. (Positive)

    (b) He was the second of his father’s five sons. (Negative)

    (c) He was born at Cumberland on April 4, 1770. (Complex)

    (d) When he was eight years old, his mother died. (Simple)

    (e) At the same year he was sent to he Grammar school of Hawkshead for education. (Compound)

    (f) He was only 13 years old when his father died. (Interrogative)

    (g) Fundamental education had been given to him at the school. (Active)

    (h) The education that he learnt from this institution played better role in his life. (Simple)

    (i) The readers called for a nwe edition of his famous ‘The Lyrical Ballands’  in 1800. (Passive)

    (j) This book brought huge name and fame in his life. (Exclamatory)

    Answer

    3.(a) Very fwe well-known poets in English literature are as good as William Wordsworth.

    (b) Was not he the second of his fatherÕs five son?

    (c) He was born at Cumberland When it was April 4, 1770.

    (d) His mother died at his eight.

    (e) It was the same year and he was sent to he Grammar school of Hawkshead for education.

    (f) Was not he only 13 years old when his father died ?

    (g) The school teachers had given him fundamental education .

    (h) The education learnt from this institution played better role in his life.

    (i) A nwe edition of his famous ÒThe Lyrical BallandsÓ in 1800 was called for by the readers.

    (j) What a name and fame in his life this book brought !

    Question no- 06

    4.(a) Corruption is one of the worst evils. (Positive)

    (b) A corrupted man can do aûthing against morality.(Complex)

    (c) People hate a corrupted man. (Passive)

    (d) Nobody respects him. (Interrogative)

    (e) The man who takes bribe is next to devil. (Simple)

    (f) Though we have strict law, we are still affected by the evil. (Compound)

    (g) No other person is as hated as a corrupted man. (Superlative)

    (h) We hope that Bangladesh will be free from this evil. (Simple)

    (i) Everybody avoids a corrupted man . Negative)

    (j) A corrupted man leads a very unhappy life. (Exclamatory)

    Answer

    4.(a) Very fwe evils are as bad as corruption .

    (b) A man who is corrupted man can do aûthing against morality.

    (c) A corrupted man is hated by people.

    (d) Who respects him ?

    (e) The man taking bribe is next to devil.

    (f) We have strict lwa but we are still affected by the evil.

    (g) A corrupt man is the most hated person.

    (h) We hope Bangladesh will be free from this evil.

    (i) There is nobody but avoids a corrupted man .

    (j) What an unhappy life a corrupted man leads !

    5.(a) Mr. Rahim, one of my cousins is a good teacher. (Complex)

    (b) He is older than I. (Positive)

    (c) He wants his students to be good citi“ens. (Complex)

    (d) He leaves no stone unturned to teach them morality. (Affirmative)

    (e) He becomes very happy when the students achieve good results in public examinations. (Exclamatory)

    (f) Mr. Rahim is not only punctual but also sincere. (Simple)

    (g) He is the best teacher in our area. (Negative)

    (i) He goes to class after taking preparation. (Compound)

    (j) All the students respect him very much.(Passive)

    Answer

    5.(a) Mr. Rahim, Who isone of my cousins is a good teacher.

    (b) I am not as old as he.

    (c) He wants his students so that they can be good citi“ens.

    (d) He tries all his attempts to teach them morality.

    (e) Hwo happy when the students achieve good results in public examinations he becomes!

    (f) Mr. Rahim is both punctual and sincere.

    (g) No other teacher in our area is as good as he.

    (i) He takes preparation and he goes to class.

    (j) He is respected very much by all the students.

    6.(a) Is there anybody who does not want to succeed in life ? (Assertive)

    (b) Do you knwo it ? (Passive)

    (c) An industrious man will shine in life.(Negative)

    (d) Hard work is needed for success. (Active)

    (e) A life with an assignment is an actual life. (Negative)

    (f) No one can receive aû reward unless he works hard. (Simple)

    (g) One can’t be successful without it. (Interrogative)

    (h) A successful man is very happy. (Exclamatory)

    (i) No other man is as happy as a successful man. (Supperlative)

    (j) A hardworking man is healthier than an idle man. (Positive)

    Answer

    1. (a) Everybody wants to succeed in life.

    (b) Is it known to you.

    (c) The man who is industrious will shine in life.

    (d) We need hard work for success.

    (e) A life without an assignment is not an actual life.

    (f) No one can receive aû reward without working hard.

    (g) Can one be successful without it ?

    (h) Hwo happy a successful man is.

    (i) A successful man is the happiest man.

    (j) An idle man is not as healthy as a hard working man.

    7.(a) Long time ago there lived a young man called Ruplal.(Compound)

    (b) He lived with his family and worked on a farm.(Interrogative)

    (c) It was beautiful place but there were lot of problems. (Complex)

    (d) The village people were quarrelsome. (Negative)

    (e) Ruplal decided to go and live alone in the jungle in order to find peace. (Complex)

    (f) So he collected his things and went to live by himself. (Simple)

    (g) Ruplal made a nice little hut for himself in the jungle. (Passive)

    (h) Hwo happy I am nwo ! (Assertive)

    (i) ¸ jungle hut is one of the most peaceful places in the world. (Positive)

    (j) That night, while Ruplal was sleeping, he heard a noise. (Simple)

    Answer:

    7.(a) Long time ago there lived a man and his name was Ruplal.

    (b) Did not he live with his family and work on a farm?

    (c) Though it was beautiful place, there were lot of problems.

    (d) The village people were not peaceful .

    (e) Ruplal decided to go and live alone in the jungle so that he could find peace.

    (f) So collecting his things, he went to live by himself.

    (g) A nice little hut was made for himself in the jungle by Ruplal.

    (h) I am very happy nwo .

    (i) Very fwe places in the world are as peaceful as my jungle hut.

    (j) That night at the time of sleeping, Ruplal heard a noise.

    8.(a) Bangladesh is a low laying country (Int)

    (b) Every year natural disaster visit us. (Passive)

    (c) Flood is on of the most dangerous natural disaster.(Comparative)

    (d) It is Dhaka city which has not yet suffered any severe earthquake. (Simple)

    (e) People living in the high land can escape flood. (Complex)

    (f) Crops are damaged by this flood. (Active)

    (g) Who does not know the consequence of tsunami ? (Assertive)

    (h) The recent flood was very devastating. (Excl)

    (i) Bangladesh is in the active earthquake zone.(Negative)

    (j) Dhaka is the most risky city in the earthquake zone.(Positive)

    Answer :

    8.(a) Is not Bangladesh is a low laying country ?

    (b) We are visited by natural disaster every year.

    (c) Flood is more dangerous than most other natural disaster.

    (d) Dhaka city has not yet suffered any severe earthquake.

    (e) People who live in the high land can escape flood.

    (f) This flood damages crops .

    (g) Everybody knows the consequence of tsunami.

    (h) How devastating the recent flood was !

    (i) Bangladesh is not in the inactive earthquake zone.

    (j) No other city in the earthquake zone is as risky as Dhaka.

    9.(a) Mother Teresa is an icon to many people. (Int)

    (b) She is respected by everybody. (Active)

    (c) She is one of the greatest person of the world.(Positive)

    (d) She was very kind to the needy. (Neg)

    (e) She believes that charity is a great virtue. (Compound)

    (f) Actually mother Teresa was a noble hearted person. (Complex)

    (g) Mother Teresa was a very passionate woman.(Excla)

    (h) She helped those who were helpless. (Simple)

    (i) She setup nirmol Hridoy at Kalkata. (Compound)

    (j) Who does not know about the charity of mother Teresa. (Assertive)

    Answer :

    9.(a) Is not Mother Teresa an icon to many people ?

    (b) Everybody respect her.

    (c) No other person of the world is as great as she.

    (d) She was not unkind to the needy at all.

    (e) She believes and charity is a great virtue.

    (f) Actually mother Teresa was a person who was noble hearted.

    (g) What a passionate woman Mother Teresa was !

    (h) She helped the helpless. (Simple)

    (i) She setup nirmol Hridoy and it was at Kalkata.

    (j) Everybody knows about the charity of mother Teresa.

    10.(a) My friend invited me to pay a visit to CoxÕs bayar. (Complex)

    (b) I was Very glad. (Neg)

    (c) I accepted the invitation. (passive)

    (d) When I reached there, my friend received me cordially. (Simple)

    (e) I was very excited to see the sea-beach.(Excl)

    (f) It is the largest sea-beach in the world. (positive)

    (g) It is one of the most beautiful sea-beach in the world. (Comparative)

    (h) It is called the pleasure seekers paradise. (Active)

    (i) Every year a lot of people come to visit it. (compound)

    (j) If I could visit the sea-beach. (Assertive)

    Answer

    1. (a)My friend invited me so that I could pay a visit to CoxÕs bayar.

    (b) I was not sad at all.

    (c) The invitation was accepted by me .

    (d) On my reaching there, my friend received me cordially.

    (e) Hwo excited to see the sea-beach I was !

    (f) No other sea-beach in the world is as large as it.

    (g) It is more beautiful than most other sea-beach in the world.

    (h) People call it the pleasure seekers paradise.

    (i) Every year a lot of people come and visit it.

    (j) I wish I could visit the sea-beach.

    11.(a) We are grateful to the freedom fighters. (Neg)

    (b) Their contribution is greater than aû other things. (Positive)

    (c) The freedom fighters who died in the liberation war are called martyrs. (Compound)

    (d) The national memorial has been built with a viwe to paying tribute. (Complex)

    (e) A freedom fighter is the greatest son of the soil. (Comparative)

    (f) We got our independence for their sacrifice .(Int)

    (g) They fought bravely and snatched the red sun of independence. (Simple)

    (h) Though their weapons were ordinary, they had much courage in their mind.(Compound)

    (i) They contribution will never be forgotten. (Affirmative)

    (j) The government has taken some steps to improve their condition. (Passive)

    Answer

    1. (a) We are not ungrateful to the freedom fighters.

    (b) No other things is as great as their contribution.

    (c) The freedom fighters died in the liberation war and they are called martyrs.

    (d) The national memorial has been built so that we can pay tribute.

    (e) A freedom fighter is greater than aû other son of the soil.

    (f) Did not we get our independence for their sacrifice ?

    (g) Fighting bravely, thay snatched the red sun of independence.

    (h) Their weapons were ordinary but they had much courage in their mind.

    (i) They contribution will always be remembered.

    (j) Some steps have been taken to improve their condition by the government.

    12.(a) Strategy is the most important thing in the exam. (Comparative)

    (b) Aû answer in the exam should not be elaborated. (Active)

    (c) When he gets the question paper, he should read it carefully. (Simple)

    (d) At first glance, the question may seem difficult. (Neg)

    (e) A student should attempt to answer all the question to get good marks. (Complex)

    (f) If an examinee answers all the question, the examiner becomes glad to see that. (Simple)

    (g) It is better than not answering at all. (positive)

    (h) It is really sensible. (Excl)

    (i) The examinee should not waste time by doing it. (Passive)

    (j) Without following this process, you can not bring a good result.(Compound)

    Answer

    12.(a) Strategy is more important than aû other thing in the exam.

    (b) A student should not elaborate aû answer in the exam.

    (c) On his getting the question paper, he should read it carefully.

    (d) At first glance, the question may not seem easy

    (e) A student should attempt to answer all the question so that he could get good marks.

    (f) By answering all the question, the examiner becomes glad to see that.

    (g) But answering is as good as it.

    (h) Hwo sensible it is !.

    (i) Time should not be wasted by doing it.

    (j) Follwo this process or you can not bring a good result.

    13.(a) Hayi Mohammad Mohsin was more generous than aû other man in this subcontinent. (Positive)

    (b) He born in Hoogly. (complex)

    (c) He inherited a best property from his father.(Int)

    (d) He did not misuse this wealth.(passive)

    (e) He is called a friend of humanity. (Active)

    (f) He did not marry. (Affir)

    (g) During his life time, he is spend to help the poor. (compound)

    (h) He was very kind to the poor. (Neg)

    (i) One night when he was saying his prayer, a thief broke into his room.(Simple)

    (j) He caught the thief but did not punish him. (Complex)

    Answer

    13.(a) No other man in this subcontinent was as generous as Hayi Mohammad Mohsin.

    (b) Hoogly is the place where he was born.

    (c) Did not he inherit a best property from his father ?

    (d) This wealth was not misused by him.

    (e) People call him a friend of humanity.

    (f) He was unmarried.

    (g) During his life time, he is spend and help the poor.

    (h) He was not unkind to the poor at all.

    (i) One night at the time of saying his prayer, a thief broke into his room.

    (j) Though he caught the thief , he did not punish him.

    14.

    (a) Who does not want to succeed in life.(Assertive)

    (b) It is not an easy things. (Affair)

    (c) Being industrious, everyone can prosper in life.(Neg)

    (d) The idle always lag behind. (Complex)

    (e) We must work hard so that we can earn money. (Simple)

    (f) By working hard, we can improve lot. (Compound)

    (g) The light of prosperity can be seen by a hard working person.(Active)

    (h) Woman should work as much as men. (Comparative)

    (i) We should remember that industry is the key to success.(Passive)

    (j) An idle man leads a very miserable life. (Excla)

    Answer

    1. (a) Everybody wants to succeed in life.

    (b) It is difficult things.

    (c) Without being industrious, no one can prosper in life.

    (d) Those who are idle always lag behind.

    (e) We must work hard to earn money.

    (f) We work hard and we can improve lot.

    (g) A hard working person can see the light of prosperity .

    (h) Woman should not work less than men.

    (i) It should be remembered that industry is the key to success.

    (j) What a miserable life an idle man leads !

    15.(a) We should work hard to gain knowledge. (Complex)

    (b) Books introduce us to the realm of knowledge. (passive)

    (c) The books of great writers contain noble thoughts. (Int)

    (d) If we read books, we can enrich our mind. (Simple)

    (e) Books are the greatest friends. (Positive)

    (f) They give us both knowledge and pleasure. (Neg)

    (g) As they are our real friend, they remain with us in time of danger. (Compound)

    (h) Some books are very interesting. (Excl)

    (i) We can build up a developed society by reading books.(Complex)

    (j) Nothing but books can remove the darkness of ignorance. (Affir)

    Answer

    1. (a) We should work hard so that we could gain knowledge.

    (b) We are introduced to the realm of knowledge by books.

    (c) Do not the books of great writers contain noble thoughts ?

    (d) By reading books, we can enrich our mind.

    (e) No other friends is as great as books.

    (f) They give us not only knowledge but also pleasure.

    (g) They are our real friend and they remain with us in time of danger.

    (h) How interesting Some books are !

    (i) We can build up a developed society if we read books.

    (j) Only books can remove the darkness of ignorance.

    16.(a) There was an old man in a village. (Int)

    (b) He was very poor but honest. (Complex)

    (c) He was one of the best can makers with palm leaves . (positive)

    (d) He sold them in the near market. (passive)

    (e) Earning money in this way, he maintained his family.(Compound)

    (f) One day he could not but go to a market. (Affair)

    (g) The market was far from this house. (Neg)

    (h) He had a basket full of caps. (Complex)

    (i) He was too tired to walk.(Compound)

    (j) He sat under the tree and fell asleep. (Simple)

    Answer

    16.(a)Was not there was an old man in a village ?

    (b) Though he was very poor,he was honest.

    (c) Very fwe cap makers with palm leaves were as good as he .

    (d) They were sold in the near market by him.

    (e) He earn money in this way and maintained his family.

    (f) One day he must go to a market.

    (g) The market was not close to this house.

    (h) He had a basket which was full of caps.

    (i) He was very tired and could not walk.

    (j) By sitting under the tree, he fell asleep.

    17.(a) Television is one of the most wonderful invention of modern science. (Positive)

    (b) It was not invented over night. (Active)

    (c) Scientist spent maû years and worked hard to invent television. (Complex)

    (d) Almost every family has a television set. (Neg)

    (e) People of all ages like to watch television. (Int)

    (f) The programmers telecast by television are very interesting. (Complex)

    (g) Television should telecast educative programmes. (Passive)

    (h) If you watch television, you can learn maû things. (Simple)

    (i) People spend their free time by watching television. (Compound)

    (j) Very fwe things are so useful as television. (Superlative)

    Answer

    17.(a) Very fwe invention of modern science are as wonderful as television.

    (b) Scientist did not invent it over night.

    (c) Scientists spent maû years and worked hard so that they could invent television.

    (d) Almost there is no family but has a television set.

    (e) Do not people of all ages like to watch television ?

    (f) The programmers which are telecast by television are very interesting.

    (g) Educative programmes should be telecasted by television.

    (h) By watching television, you can learn maû things.

    (i) People spend their free time and watch television.

    (j) Television is one of the most useful things.

    18.(a) A flower is a glowing gift of nature. (Int)

    (b) Is not it the symbol of love and beauty. (Affir)

    (c) Flowers are used on different occasion. (Active)

    (d) We present flower to our nearest and dearest one. (Passive)

    (e) We need flowers to decorate a place. (Complex)

    (f) The rose is the best of all flowers. (positive)

    (g) Due to the flowers having sweet scent, we love it very much. (Compound)

    (h) It is lovelier than all other flowers. (Superlative)

    (i) The rose is a very nice flower. (Excl)

    (j) As the demand of flowers is increasing, we should cultivate flowers. (Simple)

    Answer

    1. (a) Is not a flower is a glowing gift of nature ?

    (b) It is the symbol of love and beauty.

    (c) People use flowers on different occasion.

    (d) Flower is presented to our nearest and dearest one by us.

    (e) We need flowers so that we can decorate a place.

    (f) No other flowers. is as good as the rose.

    (g) The flowers have sweet scent and we love it very much.

    (h) It is the loveliest of all flowers.

    (i) What a nice flower the rose is !

    (j) Due to the increase of the demand of flowers is increasing, we should cultivate flowers.

    19.(a) Madhusudan Dutt was a very popular poet. (Excla)

    (b) He was one of the greatest dramatist in Bangla literature. (Positive)

    (c) He was born at Sagordary on the bank of Kapotakho. (Complex)

    (d) When he was a boy, he desired to be an English man. (Simple)

    (e) He was recogni“ed by his teachers. (Active)

    (f) He thought that he was born on the wrong side of the planet. (Int)

    (g) His society was unable to appreciate his intellect. (Neg)

    (h) None but the west would be more receptive his genius. (Affir)

    (i) He was an ardent follower of lord Byron. (Int)

    (j) He went to Europe and started composing poems. (Simple)

    Answer

    19.(a) What a popular poet Madhusudan Dutt was !

    (b) Very fwe dramatist in Bangla literature were as great as he.

    (c) It was he whowas born at Sagordary on the bank of Kapotakho.

    (d) In his boyhood he desired to be an English man.

    (e) His teachers recogni“ed him.

    (f) Did not he think that he was born on the wrong side of the planet ?

    (g) His society was not able to appreciate his intellect.

    (h) Only the west would be more receptive his genius.

    (i) Was not he an ardent follower of lord Byron ?

    (j) Going to Europe, he started composing poems.

    20.(a) Health is wealth. (Complex)

    (b) A healthy poor man is happier than a sick moneyed man. (Positive)

    (c) Though a healthy man is an asset to his family, an unhealthy man is liability.(Compound)

    (d) He can succeed in life. (Int)

    (e) Everybody can not but be conscious of his health. (Affir)

    (f) Everybody must take care of his health. (Neg)

    (g) Health can be improved by regular exercise and balanced diet.(Active)

    (h) The people who are poor can not afford to take a balanced diet.(Simple)

    (i) They are very concerned with the quantity of food. (Excl)

    (j) Everybody should knwo it that malnutrition causes weakness. (Passive)

    Answer

    20.(a) It is health which is wealth.

    (b) A sick moneyed man is not as happy as a healthy poor man .

    (c) A healthy man is an asset to his family but an unhealthy man is liability.

    (d) CanÕt he succeed in life ?

    (e) Everybody must be conscious of his health.

    (f) Everybody can not but take care of his health.

    (g) Man can improve health by regular exercise and balanced diet.

    (h) The poor people can not afford to take a balanced diet.

    (i) Hwo concerned with the quantity of food they are !.

    (j) It should be known to everybody that malnutrition causes weakness.

    Transformation of Senteces for SSC Exam

    Transformation of Senteces
    Complex-Compound
    Que. Since the weather was bad we did not go out side.
    Ans : The weather was bad and/so we did not go out side.
    Que. Although the man has much riches, he wants more.
    Ans : The man has much riches but he wants more.
    Que. If you read more you will know more.
    Ans : Read more and you will know more.
    Que. If you don’t move you will die.
    Ans : Move or you will die.
    Que. The writer took a cabin that was small.
    Ans : The writer took a cabin and it was small.
    Que. He is so tired that he can not walk.
    Ans : He is very tired and he can not walk.
    Que. Unless you work hard, you will not succeed.
    Ans : Work hard or you will not succeed.
    Simple-Complex
    Que. Going home I found my mother asleep.
    Ans. When I went home, I found my mother asleep.
    Que. The water being dirty, I could not drink it
    Ans. Since the water was dirty, I could not drink it
    Que. Having done the work, he went away.
    Ans. When he had done the work, he went away.
    Que. Because of my illness, I could not join the meeting.
    Ans. As/I was ill, I could not join the meeting.
    Que. In spite of being healthy he is lazy.
    Ans. Though he is healthy, he is lazy.
    Que. We eat to live.
    Ans. We eat so that we may live.
    Que. By reading atentively you can do well in the examination.
    Ans. If you read atentively you can do well in the examination.
    Que. Without working hard, we can not succeed in life.
    Ans. If we do not work hard, we can not succeed in life.
    Que. Tell me the truth.
    Ans. Tell me what the truth is.

    Make the following sentence into negative :
    i) Only the brave deserve the fair.
    ii)  Only the moon was visible.
    iii) Only the fool will say this.
    iv) Only a rogue can act thus.
    v) All men must die.
    vi) All but he has passed.
    vii) They must love one another.
    viii) A student must be disciplined.
    ix) He must listen to his teacher.
    x)  Everybody likes dependent.
    xi) Every man is needy.
    xii)  Everybody likes flower.
    xiii) Every man likes Imarn Khan.
    xiv) He is a doctor and lawer.
    xv) My brother and I have done this.
    xvi) We and they attended the meeting.
    xvii) I bought and drank some milk.
    xviii)  As soon as she saw a tiger, she ran away.
    xix) As soon as you wanted to catch the bird, it flew away.         

    Transform the underlined sentences in the following passage as directed
    in the brackets.
    1. (a)_ The crow is the most familiar bird in our country. (Negative) The colour of crow is pure black. (b) It is not a beautiful bird. (Affirmative) Although it is ugly, it helps our environment. The stomach of crow is like a dust bin. (c) Its voice is harsher than most other birds in our country. (Positive) (d) Many people don    �t like its voice. (Interrogative) (e) The crow is a very cunning bird. (Exclamatory)
    2. (a) Child labour is one of the biggest curses of the 21st century. (Positive) Child labour especially employment of children in hazardous work, is a complete violation of human rights. (b) Unfortunately this has become very accepted in our society. (Complex) (c) Only poverty is responsible for this. (Negative) (d) In a family of five or six children the parents have to send some of their kids to work so that they can fill their empty stomachs (Compound). (e) Though these poor and helpless children have to break brick all day long, in return they are rewarded with all kinds of abuse. (Simple)
    3. (a) Poverty is the greatest problem in our country. (Comparative) But we hardly realize this condition is our own creation. (b) Many do not try to better their condition by hard labour. (Compound) (c) They only curse their fate. (Complex) (d) It is man who is the maker of his own fate .(Simple) So, they have no other alternative to hard work. (e) By working hard, they can remove this condition. (Compound)
    4. The world is full of beauteous things. (a) A thing of beauty is a joy for ever. (Complex) Truth is beauty, beauty is truth. (b) Beauty charms mankind. (Passive) (c) But beautiful things are short lived. (Negative) (d) We expect every life to be beautiful. (Complex) (e) We do not know why some lives are so ugly. (Simple)
    5. (a) Apu could not continue his study for his father    �s untimely death. (Complex) (b) Finding no way of earning, he took a job in garments factory. (Compound) (c) The payment that he got was small. (Simple) (d) He considered poverty a curse. (Passive) (e) To support his family was more important than his education to him. (Positive)
    6. (a) We should read books to gain knowledge. (Complex) (b) Books introduce us to the realm of knowledge. (Passive) (c) The books of great writers contain noble thoughts and great ideas. (Interrogative) (d) If we read books, we can enrich our minds. (Simple) The reading of books brings perfection in our life, and there is no alternative to reading books. (e) Books are the greatest friends. (Positive)
    7. (a) Strategy is more important than any other thing in the examination. (Superlative) (b) Any answer in the examination should not be elaborated. (Active) (c) After getting the question paper, he should read through it carefully. (Complex) (d) At first glance the questions may not seem easy. (Affirmative) It becomes gradually easier. (e) A student should attempt all the questions so that he may get good marks. (Simple)
    8. (a) No other problem in Bangladesh is as great as illiteracy. (Comparative) Most of our people cannot read or write. (b) So the literacy rate in Bangladesh is very poor. (Negative) (c) It is too poor to imagine. (Complex) (d) It is the duty of the educated people to educate the illiterate. (Interrogative) (e) The government has taken necessary steps to eradicate illiteracy. (Passive)
    9. (a) Mango is one of the sweetest fruits in the world. (Comparative) Most of the mangoes of Bangladesh are grown in Chapai Nawabganj district. (b) Selling these mangoes, people earn of lot of money. (Compound) (c) People all over the country visit this place. (Passive) (d) Mangoes are ripe in the summer. (Complex) At this time the mango orchards look very nice. (e) I wish I could visit this place. (Exclamatory)
    10. (a) Everybody lives in society. (Interrogative) (b) We should not disturb social order. (Affirmative) (c) If we maintain it, we shall be able to lead a peaceful life. (Simple) (d) Without peace life becomes meaningless. (Complex) (e) It is so much required. (Active)Transformation
    Answer 1 :
    (a) No other bird in our country is as familiar as the crow. (b) It is an ugly bird. (c) The voice of very few birds is as harsh as its. (d) Do many people like its voice? (e) What a cunning bird the crow is!
    Answer 2 :
    (a) Very few curses of the 21st century are as big as child labour. (b) It is unfortunate that this has become very accepted in our society. (c) Nothing but poverty is responsible for this. (d) In a family of five or six children the parents want them fill their empty stomachs and therefore, they have to send some of their kids to work. (e) In spite of breaking bricks all day long these poor and helpless children are rewarded with all kinds of abuse in return.
    Answer 3:
    (a) Poverty is greater than any other problem in our country. (b) Many do not try to pay hard labour and therefore cannot better their condition. (c) They only curse the fate which is theirs. (d) Man is the maker of his own fate. (e) They should work hard and thereby can remove this condition.
    Answer 4 :
    (a) A thing which is of beauty is a joy forever. (b) Mankind is charmed at beauty. (c) But beautiful things do not last long. (d) We expect that every life will be beautiful. (e) We do not know the reason of some lives being so ugly.
    Answer 5 :
    (a) As his father died untimely, Apu could not continue his study. (b) He found no way of earning and therefore took a job in a garments factory. (c) His payment was small. (d) Poverty was considered a curse by him. (e) To him his education was not as important as to support his family.
    Answer 6 :
    (a) We should read books so that we can gain knowledge. (b) We are introduced to the realm of knowledge by books. (c) Don    �t the books of great writers contain noble thoughts and great ideas? (d) By reading books we can enrich our minds. (e) No other friend is as great as books.
    Answer 7 :
    (a) Strategy is the most important thing in the examination. (b) An examinee should not elaborate any answer in the examination. (c) After he has got the question paper, he should read through it carefully. (d) At first glance the questions may seem difficult. (e) A student should attempt all the questions to get good marks.
    Answer 8 :
    (a) Illiteracy is greater than any other problem in Bangladesh. (b) So the literacy rate in Bangladesh is not high at all. (c) It is so poor that no one can imagine it. (d) Isn    �t it the duty of the educated people to educate the illiterate? (e) Necessary steps to eradicate illiteracy have been taken by the government.
    Answer 9 :
    (a) The mango is sweeter than most other fruits in the world. (b) People sell these mangoes and earn a lot of money. (c) This place is visited by people all over the country. (d) Mangoes are ripe when it is summer. (e) If I could visit this place!
    Answer 10:

    (a) Doesn�t everybody live in a society? (b) We should abide by social orders. (c) By maintaining it we shall be able to lead a peaceful life. (d) If there is no peace, life becomes meaningless. (e) We require it so much.

    Transform the underlined sentences of the passage below according the direction given beside each.

    1. (a) Computer is one of the greatest invention of modern science.(Positive).It renders great service to mankind .(b) A Computer is a blessing on earth.(negative).(c) Though it is a blessing, it has dark sides.(Simple) (d) Computer now a days being used in almost every sphere by the people.(Active)(e) We cannot but depend on it.(Affirmative.)

    Answer: Very few inventions of modern science are as great as computer. (b) A computer is not a curse on earth.(c) In spite of being a blessing, it has dark sides. (d) The people are using computers in almost every sphere now-a-days. (e) We must depend on it.  

    1. (a) Information technology is a wonderful invention (Exclamatory) (b) There are many things that can be included in technology.(Simple).(c) Computer has preshed the modern age a step ahead .(Complex).It can do many things.(d) Internet is the latest invention in the communication system.(Interrogative).(e) We should know the use of computer and internet in our daily life.(Omit should by using it.)

    Answer(a) What an invention information technology is! (b) Many things can be included in technology. (c) It is computer which has preshed the modern age a step ahead. (d) What is the latest invention in the communication system? (e) It is necessary to know the use of computer and internet in our daily life.

    1. Student life is the time of preparation for future life.(a) Study is the first and foremost duty of a student.(Complex).(b)As they are assets to the nation, they should equip themselves accordingly.(Compound).Proper emphasis should be given to their studies (c) They must be punctual, industrious, preserving and truthful.(Negative).He should also cultivate good manners.(d) If a student is devoted to studies, he will surely shine in life.(Simple).A student should take part in co-curricular activities which help him to express his invite talents.(e) A good student should be conscious of politics but should not be the cat’s paw of the shrewd politicians.(Complex).

    Answer (a) It is the study which is the first and foremost duty of a student. (b) They are assets to the nation and so they should equip themselves accordingly. (c) They cannot become punctual, industrious, preserving and truthful. (d) Being devoted to studies, a student will surely shine in life. (e) Though a good student should be conscious of politics, he should not be the cat’s paw of the shrewd politicians.

    1. (a)English is a foreign language.(Negative) (b) Without learning English, we cannot hope to get any job.(Complex).(c) The man who knows English well can go abroad (Simple).(d) We must learn English.(negative)(e) Everybody knows the truth.(Passive)

    (a) English is not a native language. (b) If we do not learn English, we cannot hope to get any job. (c) A man knowing English well can go abroad. (d) We cannot but learn English. (e) The truth is known to everybody.

    1. We live in Bangladesh (a) She is not the poorest country in the world (Positive) Too many people live if in here. (b) It is not possible for her to give employment to all these people. (Complex).(c) People can train themselves in one or other of the vacations.(Passive)(d) Bangladesh can engage her human resources only after exploring all her other resources.(Complex).Until then she can fruitful utilize her manpower in overseas employment.(e) Thus she earns a lot of foreign exchange.(Complex).

    Answer (a) Few other countries in the world are as poor as she. (b) It is not possible for her that she can give employment to all these people. (e) People can be trained by themselves in one or other of the vacations.(d) Bangladesh can engage her human resources only when she will explore all her other resources. (e) It is the way that she earns a lot of foreign exchange.

    1. (a)Everybody believes education is the backbone of a nation.(Simple)(b) No nation can prosper neglecting education.(Complex).(c) It is more powerful than anything else.(Superlative) (d) Only education gives us the light of knowledge.(negative) (e) So, everybody should realize it and act accordingly.(Passive).

    Answer (a) Everybody believes education to be the backbone of a nation. (b) No nation can prosper if they neglect education. (c) It is the most powerful of all things. (d) Nothing but education gives us the light of knowledge. (e) So, it should be realized by everybody and act accordingly. 

    1. (a)One can prosper in life by working hard.(Negative) (b) We have to work hard to gain or to earn money (Complex) (c) Those who are Idle always lag behind.(simple) (d)Idle people are not but burden of the society.(Simple) (e) They give nothing to the country.(Interrogative)

    Answer (a) None can prosper in life without working hard. (b) We have to work hard so that we can gain fame or earn money.(c) The Idle always lag behind. (d) Idle people are only the burden of the society. (e) Do they give anything to the society?

    1. (a) Strategy is more important than any other thing in the examination.(Superlative) (b) Any answer in the examination should not be elaborated.(Active).(c) After getting the question paper, he should read through it carefully. (Complex).(d) At first glance the questions may not seem easy.(Affirmative).it becomes gradually easier.(e) A student should attempt to answer all the questions so that he may get good marks.(Simple).

    Answer: (a) Strategy is the most important thing in the examination. (b) Anyone should not elaborate any answer in the examination. (c) After he gets the question paper, he should read through it carefully. (d) At first glance the questions may seem difficult. (e) A student should attempt to answer all the questions to get good marks.

    1. Man is mortal. (a) All men must die. (Negative) (b) It matters little if a man lives many years or not (Interrogative). (c) Our life is not measured by months or years.(Active).(d) The people who live only for their own interest are not real human beings. (Compound) (e) Their life is not better than that of a beast.(Positive).So, we should try our best to do something for society.

    Answer (a) No man can escape/avoid death. (b) Does it matter much if a man lives many years or not? (c) We do not measure our life by months or years. (d) Some people live only for their own interest and they are not real human beings. (e) Their life is as bad as that of a beast.

    1. Knowledge is power. There is no doubt about it. (a) We can control nature with the help of knowledge.(Complex).(b) If we have no knowledge we are helpless. (Simple)(c) As our knowledge is increasing we know more about nature. (Compound).Our life has become much better than it was before. (d)We can think of a very bright future. (Complex). (e) But we should use our knowledge properly.(Passive).

    Answer: It is knowledge with the help of which we can control nature.  or It is with the help of knowledge that we can control nature.(b) We are helpless without knowledge. Or Having no knowledge, we are helpless.(c) Our knowledge is increasing and we know more about nature. (d) We can think of a future which is bright.(e) But our knowledge be used properly.

    1.  (a) We work hard to attain success in life.(Complex).(b) Peace and prosperity is not possible without being industrious.(Affirmative).(c) A man who leads an idle life, brings misery for his life.(Simple).(d) He can never help  of the society.(Passive).Such kind of man is the burden of the society.(e) Everybody dislike him.(Negative).

    Answer:(a) We work hard so that we can attain success in our life. (b) Anything but peace and prosperity is possible without being industrious. (c) By leading an Idle life, a man brings misery for his life. (d) People of the society can never be helped by him. (e) Nobody likes him.

    1. The name of our country is Bangladesh. (a) It is a very beautiful, small and fertile country. (Exclamatory ) Dhaka is the capital of our country. The other name of Dhaka is Jahangir Nagar.(b)He founded the city of Dhaka. (Passive).(c) It is the biggest in Bangladesh.(Positive).Many times I went to Dhaka.(d)  When I arrived my friend took me to his house.(Simple).(e) We are proud of our country.(Negative).

    Answer (a) How beautiful, small and fertile country it is! (b) The city of Dhaka was founded by him.(c) No other cities in Bangladesh are as big as this.(d) On my arrival my friend took me to his house.(e) We are not ashamed of our country.

    1. (a) Unemployment is a state when a man has no work to earn money.(Simple)(b) It is a social evil which hampers the progress of social life.(compound).(c)The prosperity of a society depends upon the reasonable income of its able-bodied person.(complex).So every-able bodied person should have some suitable work.(d)This increases the per capital income.(Passive).This also increases the standard of living of the people and ensures overall progress of the state. On the other hand, unemployment hinders social progress, disturbs peace and leads to social crimes.(e) Unemployment is a social evil which must be cured at any cost .(Negative).

    Answer (a) Unemployment is a state of having no work to earn money.(b) It is a social evil and it hampers the progress of social life.(c) The prosperity of a society depends upon the reasonable income of its persons who are able bodied.(d) The per capita income of a country is increased by this.(e) Unemployment is a social evil which must be endured at any cost.

    1.  (a) Books are men’s best companions in life.(negative ).You may many good friends.(b) But you may not get them when you need them.(Simple).One or two may prove false and do much harm.(c) But books are always prepared to be by your side.(Negative)(d) Some books will make you laugh.(Passive).Some others give you much pleasure, new knowledge and ideas.(e) They are your real friends in your life.(Negative –interrogative).

    Ans (a) Books aren’t men’s worst companions in life.(b) But you may not get them when necessary.(c) But books are never unprepared to be our side.(d) You will be made to laugh by some books.(e) Aren’t they your real friends in your life.?

    1.  (a) We should make the habit of reading books so that we may earn knowledge.(Simple) (b) The books written by famous writers is a great source of increasing our knowledge (Complex).(c) Nobody gets perfection in life if he does not read the books of the great writers (Passive).(d) To make the society civilized there is no alternative to reading books.(Interrogative) (e) A book is our greatest friend.(Positive)

    Answer:(a) We should make the habit of reading books to earn knowledge.(b) The books which are written by famous writers are a great source of increasing our knowledge.(c) Perfection in life is gotten by nobody if the books of the great writers are not read by him.(d) Is there any alternative to reading books to make the society civilized? (e) No other friend is so great as a book.

    1. (a) Cox’ Bazer is the longest sea beach in the world.(Passive).(b) Everyone knows this (Interrogative)(c) Tourists from home and abroad visit this beach.(Passive)(d)They come here to enjoy themselves (Complex).(e) Our government is going to take some steps to make it more attractive.(Passive).

    Answer (a) No other sea beach in the world is as long as Cox’s Bazer. (b) Who doesn’t know this? (c) This sea beach is visited by the tourists from home and abroad. (d) They come here so that they can enjoy themselves.(e) Some steps are going to be taken by our government to make it more attractive.

    1. Bangladesh is a small country.(a) It was 1971 when Bangladesh got independence (Simple) (b) It is the most significant event in the history of Bangladesh.(Positive).Bangladesh was under the British colonial rule until 1947.(c) The lives of the people of Bangladesh have been shaped by tragedy.(Active).Though growth rate had showed down, it has almost doubled since Independence.(d) Despite many negative aspects, Bangladesh has become a country of possibility .(Complex)(e) The 21 st February,1952 immediately comes to our mind.(Complex).

    Answer:(a) Bangladesh got independence in 1971.(b) No other event in the history of the people of Bangladesh.(c) Tragedy has shaped the lives of the people of Bangladesh.(d) Though there are many negative aspects, Bangladesh has become a country of possibility.(e) It is the 21 st February,1952 which immediately comes to our mind.

    1. (a) The students studying seriously can expect to make an excellent result. (Complex).(b) But most of our  students are inattentive to their study (Negative)(c) They kill their valuable  time in gossiping and playing with mobile sets or watching Television.(Passive).(d)They do not take their exams seriously (Interrogative).As a result, they are to suffer a lot.(e) So, study seriously and enjoy a better future. (Simple).

    Answer(a) The students who study seriously can expect to make an excellent result.(b) But most of our students are not attentive to their study.(c) Their valuable time is killed (by them) in gossiping and playing with mobile sets or watching Television.(d) Do they take their exams seriously?(e) So, study seriously to enjoy a better future.

    1. (a) Most of the students cannot write the answer scripts properly.(Affirmative).(b) Being unable to make out the questions, they memorize the answers with unnecessary and irrelevant details.(Complex).(c) In spite of the teacher’s suggestion to make a brief answer, they are proved to make a lengthy answer(Compound).As a result, they get poor marks.(d) The students should answer to the questions briefly and to the point  to obtain good marks.(Passive).(e) Copying anything blindly is strictly prohibited.(active)

    Answer:(a) Most of the students are unable to write answer scripts properly.(b) As they are make out the questions, they memorize the answers with unnecessary and irrelevant details.(c) Teachers suggest them to make a brief answer but they make a lengthy answer.(d) Answer to the question should be answered briefly and to the point to obtain good marks by the students.(e) We strictly prohibit copying any anything blindly.

    1. (a) We are proud of our freedom fighters.(Interrogative) (b) Their contribution will never be forgotten.(affirmative).(c) They were inspired by the common people.(active).They sacrificed their valuable lives.(d) Their sacrifice is greater than any other thing.(positive).(e) But today many of them lead a very miserable life.(Complex).

    Answer: Answer(a) Aren’t we proud of our freedom fighters?(b) Their contribution will be remembered for ever.(c) The common people inspired them.(d) Their sacrifice is the greatest of all other things.(e) But today many of them lead a life which is very miserable.

    1. Our Motherland Bangladesh is blessed with different eye-catching beauty-spots. Cox’s Bazer sea-beach is one of them.(a) Cox’s Bazer sea beach, the longest sea in the world is very beautiful to look at.(Complex).(b) It is one of the most beautiful sea beaches in the world.(Positive).(c) It is called the Paradise of the Pleasure Seekers for its uncommon beauty . (Active).(d) Everyday uncounted travelers both from home and abroad  go there to feed their hungry souls enjoying its soothing beauty.(Compound).(e) Definitely this visits revives one’s dull sprit.(Passive)

    Answer: (a) Cox’s Bazer Sea beach which is the longest sea beach in the world is very beautiful to look at.(b) Very few sea-beaches in the world are as beautiful as it.(c) For its uncommon beauty people call it the Paradise of the pleaser seeker.(d) Everyday uncounted travelers both from and abroad go there and feed their hungry souls enjoying its soothing beauty.(e) One’s dull sprit is revived definitely by this visit.