Inversion

Inversion

Inversion is a linguistic phenomenon that involves the reversal of the typical word order in a sentence, often for emphasis, stylistic effect, or to comply with grammatical rules. This subtle yet powerful tool adds depth and nuance to language, enhancing communication and expression. From poetry to prose, formal writing to everyday conversation, inversion plays a significant role in shaping the structure and meaning of sentences. In this article, we embark on a journey to explore the intricacies of inversion, unraveling its various forms, functions, and applications.

Understanding Inversion: At its core, inversion entails reversing the standard order of subject, verb, and object in a sentence. While the typical word order in English is subject-verb-object (SVO), inversion introduces variations such as verb-subject-object (VSO), verb-object-subject (VOS), and subject-verb (SV). However, inversion most commonly involves inverting the subject and auxiliary verb, as seen in questions and certain other constructions.

Forms of Inversion:

a. Subject-Verb Inversion: This form of inversion occurs in questions, negations, and certain other constructions, where the subject and auxiliary verb are inverted.

Example:

Statement: He is coming.

Inversion (Question): Is he coming?Inversion (Negation): He is not coming.

Verb-Subject Inversion: Inversion can also occur for emphasis or stylistic effect, where the verb precedes the subject in a declarative sentence.

Example:

Statement: On the hill stood a majestic castle.

Inversion: On the hill stood a majestic castle.

b. Object-Subject-Verb Inversion: This less common form of inversion involves placing the object before the subject and verb in a sentence.

Example:

Statement: The treasure they found buried deep in the forest.

Inversion: Buried deep in the forest, the treasure they found.

Functions and Applications:

a. Emphasis and Focus: Inversion is often employed to highlight specific elements of a sentence, drawing attention to the subject, verb, or object for emphasis or rhetorical effect.

b. Formality and Style: Inversion lends a sense of formality and sophistication to language, commonly found in literature, formal writing, and speeches.

c. Questions and Negations: Inversion is integral to forming questions and negative sentences in English, facilitating clear communication and conveying interrogative or negative meanings.

d. Conditional and Comparative Structures: Inversion is also used in conditional and comparative structures, contributing to the clarity and precision of these constructions.

Inversion → a reversal of position, order, form, or relationship

We use inversion in several different situations in English. Inversion just means putting the verb before the subject. We usually do it in question forms. But we also sometimes use inversion in other cases, when we are not making a question.

Here are some negative adverbs and adverb phrases that we often use with inversion:

No sooner

No sooner had we arrived home than the police rang the doorbell.

Hardly

Hardly had I got into bed when the telephone rang.

Scarcely             

Scarcely had I got off the bus when it crashed into a car.

Never   

Never had she seen such a beautiful sight before.

Seldom

Seldom do we see such an amazing display of dance.

Rarely

Rarely will you hear such beautiful music.

Only then

Only then did I understand why the tragedy had happened.

Not only … but

Not only does he love chocolate and sweets but he also smokes.

Only later

Only later did she really think about the situation.

Nowhere

Nowhere have I ever had such bad service.

Little

Little did he know!

Only in this way

Only in this way could John earn enough money to survive.

In no way

In no way do I agree with what you’re saying.

On no account

On no account should you do anything without asking me first.

In the following expressions, the inversion comes in the second part of the sentence:

Not until

Not until I saw John with my own eyes did I really believe he was safe.

Not since

Not since Lucy left college had she had such a wonderful time.

Only after

Only after I’d seen her flat did I understand why she wanted to live there.

Only when

Only when we’d all arrived home did I feel calm.

Only by

Only by working extremely hard could we afford to eat.

We only use inversion when the adverb modifies the whole phrase and not when it modifies the noun:

Hardly anyone passed the exam. (No inversion.)

We can use inversion instead of ‘if’ in conditionals with ‘had’ ‘were’ and ‘should’. This is quite formal:

Normal conditional: If I had been there, this problem wouldn’t have happened.

Conditional with inversion: Had I been there, this problem wouldn’t have happened.

Normal conditional: If we had arrived sooner, we could have prevented this tragedy!

Conditional with inversion: Had we arrived sooner, we could have prevented this tragedy!

We can use inversion if we put an adverbial expression of place at the beginning on the sentence. This is also quite formal or literary:

On the table was all the money we had lost. (Normal sentence: All the money we had lost was on the table.)

Round the corner came the knights. (Normal sentence: The knights came round the corner.)

We can use inversion after ‘so + adjective…that’:

a. So beautiful was the girl that nobody could talk of anything else.

Normal sentence: the girl was so beautiful that nobody could talk of anything else.

b. So delicious was the food that we ate every last bite.

Normal Sentence: the food was so delicious that we ate every last bite.

Inversion is a versatile and dynamic linguistic tool that enriches language with its subtle yet profound effects on sentence structure and meaning. From adding emphasis and style to forming questions and negations, inversion enhances communication across various contexts and genres. By understanding the forms, functions, and applications of inversion, language users can harness its power to express themselves with clarity, eloquence, and precision, thereby enriching their communication skills and engaging their audience effectively.

Here are 50 multiple-choice questions (MCQs) on inversion in English grammar, covering various aspects of the topic.

1. Which of the following sentences is an example of inversion?

a) She can sing beautifully.

b) Beautifully can she sing.

c) She beautifully can sing.

d) Can she sing beautifully.

Answer: b


2. Choose the correct inversion for “They rarely come on time.”

a) Rarely do they come on time.

b) Rarely they come on time.

c) Rarely does they come on time.

d) Do rarely they come on time.

Answer: a


3. Which sentence correctly inverts “I had never seen such a thing before”?

a) Never I had seen such a thing before.

b) Never had I seen such a thing before.

c) Had I never seen such a thing before.

d) Seen I never had such a thing before.

Answer: b


4. In which of these sentences is inversion correctly used?

a) Not only he is a good student, but also he is polite.

b) Not only is he a good student, but he is also polite.

c) Not only is he a good student, he also is polite.

d) Not only a good student he is, but also polite.

Answer: b


5. Which inversion is correct for “They had barely started when the phone rang”?

a) Barely they had started when the phone rang.

b) Barely had they started when the phone rang.

c) Barely started they when the phone rang.

d) Barely had started they when the phone rang.

Answer: b


6. Choose the correct inversion for “Seldom have we seen such dedication.”

a) We seldom have seen such dedication.

b) Have we seldom seen such dedication.

c) Seldom have we seen such dedication.

d) Seldom we have seen such dedication.

Answer: c


7. What type of inversion is “Little did they know what was coming”?

a) Emphatic

b) Question

c) Negative adverbial

d) Condition

Answer: c


8. Choose the sentence with correct inversion.

a) Hardly the train arrived when it started raining.

b) Hardly did the train arrive when it started raining.

c) Hardly had the train arrived when it started raining.

d) Hardly the train had arrived when it started raining.

Answer: c


9. Select the correctly inverted sentence for emphasis:

a) Only in the dark we see stars.

b) Only in the dark do we see stars.

c) Only we do see stars in the dark.

d) In the dark only we see stars.

Answer: b


10. Identify the inversion used in: “Scarcely had I reached the station when the train departed.”

a) Negative adverbial

b) Emphatic

c) Conditional

d) Question

Answer: a


11. Which of the following sentences is inverted correctly?

a) Not until she apologized did I forgive her.

b) Not until did she apologize I forgive her.

c) Not until I forgive her she apologized.

d) Not until she apologized I did forgive her.

Answer: a


12. Which sentence is correct?

a) Never have I been so surprised.

b) Never I have been so surprised.

c) I never have been so surprised.

d) Have I never been so surprised.

Answer: a


13. Choose the sentence that correctly inverts “He was no sooner back than he left again.”

a) No sooner he was back than he left again.

b) No sooner had he been back than he left again.

c) No sooner had he back than he left again.

d) No sooner was he back than he left again.

Answer: d


14. Which of the following is an example of inversion?

a) She barely could believe her eyes.

b) Barely could she believe her eyes.

c) Barely she could believe her eyes.

d) She could barely believe her eyes.

Answer: b


15. Which sentence is inverted correctly?

a) Hardly did she open the door when it started to rain.

b) Hardly she opened the door when it started to rain.

c) Hardly has she opened the door when it started to rain.

d) She hardly opened the door when it started to rain.

Answer: a


16. Choose the correct inversion for “Rarely does he visit his hometown.”

a) Rarely he visits his hometown.

b) He does rarely visit his hometown.

c) Does he rarely visit his hometown.

d) Rarely does he visit his hometown.

Answer: d


17. Which sentence demonstrates inversion?

a) Not only she sang, but she also danced.

b) Not only did she sing, but she also danced.

c) She not only sang, but also danced.

d) Did she not only sing, but she also danced.

Answer: b


18. Which inversion is correct?

a) Barely she finished her work before she left.

b) Barely did she finish her work before she left.

c) Barely she did finish her work before she left.

d) She barely did finish her work before she left.

Answer: b


19. Select the correct inverted sentence.

a) On no account should you open this door.

b) On no account you should open this door.

c) On no account open you this door.

d) You on no account should open this door.

Answer: a


20. Choose the sentence with correct inversion for emphasis.

a) Rarely had we such a delightful meal.

b) Rarely we had such a delightful meal.

c) Rarely do we have such a delightful meal.

d) Do we rarely have such a delightful meal.

Answer: c

21. Which sentence is an example of correct inversion?

  • a) Not until he explained did we understand the problem.
  • b) Not until he explained we understood the problem.
  • c) We understood the problem not until he explained.
  • d) Until he explained did we not understand the problem.

Answer: a


22. Choose the correct inversion for “Hardly had she left when the phone rang.”

  • a) She hardly had left when the phone rang.
  • b) Hardly had she left when the phone rang.
  • c) Hardly she left when the phone rang.
  • d) Had she hardly left when the phone rang.

Answer: b


23. Which sentence demonstrates inversion?

  • a) Only did after he apologize was he forgiven.
  • b) Only he apologized after was he forgiven.
  • c) Only after he apologized was he forgiven.
  • d) Only after did he apologize he was forgiven.

Answer: c


24. Which sentence is correct?

  • a) Rarely we meet such kind people.
  • b) Rarely meet we such kind people.
  • c) Rarely do we meet such kind people.
  • d) Do we rarely meet such kind people.

Answer: c


25. Identify the sentence with correct inversion:

  • a) Seldom I have been so embarrassed.
  • b) Seldom have I been so embarrassed.
  • c) Have I seldom been so embarrassed.
  • d) Seldom been have I so embarrassed.

Answer: b


26. Which sentence uses inversion for emphasis?

  • a) Under no circumstances you should open this door.
  • b) Under no circumstances should you open this door.
  • c) Should you under no circumstances open this door.
  • d) You should open this door under no circumstances.

Answer: b


27. Which of the following sentences is inverted correctly?

  • a) Only with hard work will he succeed.
  • b) With hard work only will he succeed.
  • c) Only with hard work he will succeed.
  • d) With only hard work will he succeed.

Answer: a


28. Choose the correctly inverted sentence.

  • a) Not only he was intelligent, but he was also kind.
  • b) Not only was he intelligent, but he was also kind.
  • c) Not only was intelligent he, but he was kind also.
  • d) He was not only intelligent, also he was kind.

Answer: b


29. Which sentence demonstrates inversion?

  • a) Seldom they are late for meetings.
  • b) Seldom are they late for meetings.
  • c) Seldom are late they for meetings.
  • d) They are seldom late for meetings.

Answer: b


30. Select the correct inversion for “He had no sooner arrived than he started talking.”

  • a) No sooner he had arrived than he started talking.
  • b) No sooner did he arrive than he started talking.
  • c) No sooner he arrived than he started talking.
  • d) No sooner had he arrived than he started talking.

Answer: d


31. Choose the correct inversion for “Scarcely had we started eating when the doorbell rang.”

  • a) We had scarcely started eating when the doorbell rang.
  • b) Scarcely we had started eating when the doorbell rang.
  • c) Scarcely had we started eating when the doorbell rang.
  • d) We scarcely had started eating when the doorbell rang.

Answer: c


32. Which sentence uses inversion correctly?

  • a) Not until the last moment did he finish his work.
  • b) Until the last moment did he not finish his work.
  • c) Until the last moment he did not finish his work.
  • d) Did he not finish his work until the last moment.

Answer: a


33. Which sentence demonstrates correct inversion?

  • a) Only after I finished did I realize my mistake.
  • b) Only after finished I did realize my mistake.
  • c) Only after did I finish realize my mistake.
  • d) Only after finished I my mistake did realize.

Answer: a


34. Which sentence is correct?

  • a) Rarely has he been so happy.
  • b) Rarely he has been so happy.
  • c) Has rarely he been so happy.
  • d) Rarely been has he so happy.

Answer: a


35. Which of these sentences demonstrates inversion?

  • a) No sooner had the meeting started than he left.
  • b) The meeting no sooner had started than he left.
  • c) Had no sooner the meeting started than he left.
  • d) No sooner the meeting had started than he left.

Answer: a


36. Identify the correctly inverted sentence:

  • a) Little we did know what was in store.
  • b) Little did we know what was in store.
  • c) We did know little what was in store.
  • d) Did little we know what was in store.

Answer: b


37. Choose the correct inversion:

  • a) Not only was the movie interesting, but also educational.
  • b) Not only the movie was interesting, but also educational.
  • c) Not only interesting was the movie, but also educational.
  • d) Not only the movie interesting, but also educational.

Answer: a


38. Which sentence demonstrates inversion for emphasis?

  • a) Under no condition should you enter the room.
  • b) Under no condition you should enter the room.
  • c) Should you under no condition enter the room.
  • d) You should enter the room under no condition.

Answer: a


39. Select the correct inversion for “I had scarcely finished when he arrived.”

  • a) Scarcely had I finished when he arrived.
  • b) Scarcely I had finished when he arrived.
  • c) Finished had scarcely I when he arrived.
  • d) I scarcely had finished when he arrived.

Answer: a


40. Which sentence is an example of inversion?

  • a) Never I had seen such kindness.
  • b) Never had I seen such kindness.
  • c) Had never I seen such kindness.
  • d) I had never seen such kindness.

Answer: b


41. Choose the correct inversion:

  • a) No sooner did he arrive than he left again.
  • b) Did no sooner he arrive than he left again.
  • c) He did arrive no sooner than he left again.
  • d) No sooner he did arrive than he left again.

Answer: a


42. Which of the following sentences is correct?

  • a) Rarely he travels by plane.
  • b) Travels rarely he by plane.
  • c) Rarely does he travel by plane.
  • d) Rarely he does travel by plane.

Answer: c


43. Choose the sentence with correct inversion:

  • a) No sooner did I reach home than I felt tired.
  • b) Did no sooner I reach home than I felt tired.
  • c) No sooner I did reach home than I felt tired.
  • d) Reached no sooner I home than I felt tired.

Answer: a


44. Which sentence uses inversion?

  • a) Under no circumstances are you to be late.
  • b) Under no circumstances be you are late.
  • c) No circumstances under are you to be late.
  • d) You are under no circumstances to be late.

Answer: a


45. Select the correct inverted sentence:

  • a) Seldom do they finish on time.
  • b) Seldom they do finish on time.
  • c) Seldom finish they on time.
  • d) Finish they seldom on time.

Answer: a


46. Choose the correct inversion for “Not only did she sing, but she also danced.”

  • a) She did not only sing but also danced.
  • b) Not only she sang, but also danced.
  • c) Not only did she sing, but also danced.
  • d) Not only did she sing, but she also danced.

Answer: d


47. Identify the sentence with correct inversion.

  • a) Little does he know about the truth.
  • b) Does little he know about the truth.
  • c) Little he does know about the truth.
  • d) He little knows about the truth.

Answer: a


48. Which of the following sentences uses inversion correctly?

  • a) Not until the rain stopped could we go outside.
  • b) Not until the rain stopped we could go outside.
  • c) Not could we go until the rain stopped.
  • d) Could we not go until the rain stopped.

Answer: a


49. Which sentence is correctly inverted?

  • a) Hardly had he arrived when the show started.
  • b) Hardly arrived had he when the show started.
  • c) Had hardly he arrived when the
 

 

Pronunciation

Pronunciation

When we read English, we often have problems with the correct pronunciation of words. Today 50 amazing rules will be discussed for pronouncing English words correctly.

1. শব্দের শুরুতে  kn থাকলে তার উচ্চারণ হবে “ এক্ষেত্রে  k অনুচ্চারিত থাকে।
Word Pronunciation Meaning
Knowledge নলেজ জ্ঞান
Knight নাইট অশ্ব
Knee নী হাঁটু
2. w এর পরে h/r থাকলে w উচ্চারণ হয় না।
Word Pronunciation Meaning
Write রাইট লেখা
Wrong রং ভুল
Who হু কে
Wrestling রেস্টলিং কুস্তি
3. শব্দের শেষে “e” থাকলে “e” এর উচ্চারণ হয়না।
Word Pronunciation Meaning
Name নেইম নাম
Come কাম আসা
Take ঠেইক নেওয়া
Fake ফেইক ভূয়া
4.m+b পর পর থাকলে এবং b এর পর কোন Vowel না  থাকলেউচ্চারিত  হয় না।
Word Pronunciation Meaning
Bomb বম বােমা।
Comb কৌম চিরুনি
Thumb থাম হাতের বুড়াে আঙ্গুল।
Thumbnail থামনেল ছােট
5. Word এর শেষে  ign থাকলে তার উচ্চারণ “আইন হয়।  ক্ষেত্রে  g অনুচ্চারিত থাকে।
Word Pronunciation Meaning
Design ডিজাইন আকা
Resign রিজাইন পদত্যাগ করা
Reign রেইন রাজত্ব
Feign ফেইন উদ্ভাবন করা
6. l+m পর পর থাকলে এবং পরে vowel না থাকলে  l অনুচ্চারিত থাকে।
Word Pronunciation Meaning
Calm কাম শান্ত
Alms আমজ ভিক্ষা
Palm পাম তালগাছ
7. শব্দে  t থাকলে  t এর পরে  u থাকলে  t এর উচ্চারণ “” এর মত হয়।
Word Pronunciation Meaning
Lecture লেকচার বক্তৃ তা
Century সেঞ্চুরী শতক
Furniture ফার্নিচার আসবাবপত্র
Structure স্ট্রাকচার গঠন
8. Consonant+ ia+consonant এভাবে Word গঠিত  হলে, ia  এর উচ্চারণ (আইঅ্যামত হয়।
Word Pronunciation Meaning
Dialogue ডায়ালগ কথােপকথন
Diamond ডায়ামন্ড হীরক
Liar লায়ার মিথ্যাবাদী
Liability লাইয়াবিলিটি দায়
9. ir + Consonant এভাবে Word গঠিত হলে  t এর উচ্চারণ “আই” না হয়ে “অ্যা” হয়।
Word Pronunciation Meaning
First ফাস্ট প্রথম
Birth বাথ জন্ম
Bird বার্ড পাখি
Circle সার্কেল বৃত্ত
10.  বর্ণ বিশিষ্ট  Word  consonant+ ie এভাবে ব্যবহৃত হলে তার উচ্চারণ “আই” এর মত হয়।
Word Pronunciation Meaning
Mice মাইস ইদুর
Rice রাইস চাউল
Wise ওয়াইস বিজ্ঞ
Size সাইজ আয়তন
11. Consonant+ u + Consonant এভাবে  word  গঠিত  হলে  এর উচ্চারণ “” এর মত হয়।
Word Pronunciation Meaning
Null নাল বাতিল
But বাট কিন্তু
Nut নাট বাদাম
Cut কাট কাটা
12.  igh এর উচ্চারণে  g উচ্চারিত হয় না। সেই অংশটুকুর উচ্চারণ “আই হবে।
Word Pronunciation Meaning
Night নাইট রাত্র
Sight সাইট দৃশ্য
Might মাইট হতে পারে
13. “io” এর উচ্চারণ সাধারণত “আইয় হয়।
Word Pronunciation Meaning
Violet ভাইয়লেইট বেগুনী রঙ
Biology বাইয়ােলজি জীব বিদ্যা
Biography বাইয়ােগ্রাফি জীবনী
Violation ভাইয়লেশন ভঙ্গ
14. Consonant এর পর “ai”  এর উচ্চারণ  সবসময় “এই” বা “এয়্যা” হয়।
Word Pronunciation Meaning
Rail রেইল রেলের লাইন
Nail নেইল পেরেক
Straight স্ট্রেইট সােজা
     
15. o+ consonant+ u+ consonant+ a/e/i এভাবে  word গঠিত হলে, u এর উচ্চারণ “ইউ” এর মত হয়।
Word Pronunciation Meaning
Document ডকিউমেন্ট দলিল
Procurement প্রকিউরমেন্ট চেষ্টা দ্বারা পাওয়া
     
16. ire এর ক্ষেত্রে যদি বর্ণ তিনটি  word এর  শেষে  থাকে তবে এর উচ্চারণ “আয়্যা” হয়।
Word Pronunciation Meaning
Dire ডায়্যার ভয়ংকর
Mire মায়্যার কাদা
Admire এ্যাডমায়্যার তারিফ করা
17. ui + consonant এরপর vowel না থাকলে  ui এর উচ্চারণ “” এর মত হয়।
Word Pronunciation Meaning
Guilty গিল্টি দোষী
Guilt গিল্ট দোষ
Build বিল্ড নির্মাণ করা
18. ear এভাবে ব্যবহৃত হলে এবং  r  যদি word  এর  শেষ বর্ণ হয় তাহলে  ea এর উচ্চারণ “ঈঅ্যা” হবে।
Word Pronunciation Meaning
Dear ডিয়্যার প্রিয়
Fear ফিয়্যার ভয়
Bear বিয়্যার বহন করা
19. ear + consonant এভাবে word গঠিত হলে,  ea এর উচ্চারণ “অ্যা” হবে।
Word Pronunciation Meaning
Heart হার্ট হৃদয়
Earth আর্থ পৃথিবী
Earn আর্ন আয় করা
20 Consonant+ ea + consonant (r ছাড়াএভাবে  ব্যবহৃত হলে  ea এর উচ্চারণ  হবে।
     
Feather ফেদার পালক
Tread ট্রেড পদদলিত করা
Leader লিডার সর্দার
2.1 শব্দস্থিত  eer এভাবে ব্যবহৃত হলে  r যদি word   শেষ অক্ষর হয় তাহলে  eeএর উচ্চারণ “ইঅ্যা” হবে।
Word Pronunciation Meaning
Peer পিয়্যার সমকক্ষ
Steer স্টিয়্যার হাল ধরা
Deer ডিয়্যার হরিণ
22. ps পরপর থাকলে এবং  p এর আগে কোন  vowel না থাকলে  p অনুচ্চারিত থাকে।
Word Pronunciation Meaning
Psyche সাইকি আত্মা
Psycho সাইকো মন
Psora সৌরা খােসপাচঁড়া
23. শব্দস্থিত  stl এর উচ্চারণ হয় “” এখানে  t অনুচ্চারিত থাকে।
Word Pronunciation Meaning
Bustle বাসল অতিশয় কর্ম ব্যস্ততা
Rustle রাসল খসখস শব্দ
Nestle নেসলে বাসা বাঁধা
24. ইংরেজি শব্দের শেষে  ich থাকলে এর উচ্চারণ হয় “
Word Pronunciation Meaning
Batch ব্যাচ ক্ষুদ্রদল
Match ম্যাচ ক্রীড়া প্রতিযােগিতা
Scratch স্ক্র্যাচ আচঁড়ের দাগ
25. শব্দস্থিত  oar থাকলে,  oa এর উচ্চারণ হবে “অ্যা
Word Pronunciation Meaning
Board বাের্ড মােটা শক্ত কাগজ
Boar বাের শূকর
Boat বােট নৌকা
Road রােড রাস্তা
26. e+ consonant (rছাড়া+ e এভাবে ব্যবহৃত হলে এবং তার পর  আর কিছু না থাকলে প্রথম  এর উচ্চারণ হয় “”  এবং দ্বিতীয়  e অনুচ্চারিত থাকে।
Word Pronunciation Meaning
Complete কমপ্লীট সম্পূর্ণ
Mete মীট অংশ ভাগ করে দেয়া
     
27. শব্দস্থিত  oe এর উচ্চারণ হয় “
Word Pronunciation Meaning
Phoenix ফীনিক্স রুপ কথার পাখি বিশেষ
Amoeba এ্যামিবা ক্ষুদ্র এক কোষী প্রাণী।
28. Consonant এরপর  oi এর উচ্চারণ হয় “অই
Word Pronunciation Meaning
Coin কইন মুদ্রা
Foil ফইল পাত
Join জইন যােগদান করা
29. শব্দস্থিত  oa + consonant এভাবে ব্যবহৃত হলে  oa এর উচ্চারণ হয় “
Word Pronunciation Meaning
Road রৌড রাস্তা
Loan লৌন ঋণ
Toad টৌড ব্যাঙ
30. ui + consonant+ aeo এভাবে word গঠিত হলে সচরাচর  ui এর উচ্চারণ হয় আই” এর মত।
Word Pronunciation Meaning
Guide গাইড পথ প্রদর্শক
Guile গাইল ছলনাফাঁকি
Misguidance মিসগাইড্যান্স  
31. শব্দের মাঝে  er ছাড়া অন্য consonant এভাবে ব্যবহৃত হলে  e এর উচ্চারণ সাধারণত “” বা “” হয়।
Word Pronunciation Meaning
Rent রেন্ট ভাড়া
Comet কমিট ধূমকেতু
Comment কমেন্ট মন্তব্য
32. ee+ consonant (r ছাড়াএভাবে ব্যবহৃত হলে, ee এর উচ্চরণ “” হয়।
Word Pronunciation Meaning
Need নীড প্রয়ােজন
Feel ফীল অনুভব করা
     
33. r + vowel+ ch এভাবে ব্যবহৃত হলে  ch এর উচ্চারণ হবে “
Word Pronunciation Meaning
Approach অ্যাপ্রােচ অভিগমন
Branch ব্রাঞ্চ শাখা
Crunch ক্র্যাঞ্চ গুড়ানাে
34. C এর পরে যদি  i/e/y থাকে তাহলে তার উচ্চারণ “” হবে।
Word Pronunciation Meaning
Center সেন্টার কেন্দ্র
Cyclone সাইক্লোন ঘূর্ণিঝড়
Cell সেল কোষ
Circle সার্কেল বৃত্ত
35. y সাধারণত One-syllable এর শব্দে y, (আইহিসেবে উচ্চারিত হয়।
Word Pronunciation Meaning
Fly ফ্লাই উড়া
Shy শাই লজ্জা
Buy বাই ক্রয় করা
Toy উই খেলনা
Two-syllable এর শব্দে Y (হিসেবে উচ্চারিত হয়।
Word Pronunciation Meaning
City সিটি শহর
Funny ফানি আনন্দ করা
Happy হ্যাপি খুশি
Policy পলিসি নীতিমালা
36. শব্দের শেষে  mn এর পরে কোন vowel না থাকলে এবং mn পরপর থাকলে  n অনুচ্চারিত থাকে।
Word Pronunciation Meaning
Solemn সলেম গুরুগম্ভীর
Condemn কনডেম দোষারােপ করা
Damn ড্যাম অভিশাপ দেয়া

37. ইংরেজি শব্দের শেষে  gh থাকলে তার উচ্চারণ হয় “” 

অথবা কখনাে তা অনুচ্চারিত থাকে। কিন্তু এরপর  in বা  m থাকলে gh উচ্চারিত হয় না।

Word Pronunciation Meaning
Tough টাফ কঠিন
Enough ইনাফ যথেষ্ট
Mighty মাইটি বলশালী
High হাই উচ্চ

38. igh এর উচ্চারণ “আই “augh” এবং “ough” এর উচ্চারণ 

অধিকাংশ ক্ষেত্রেই ” বা “” তাছাড়া eigh এর উচ্চারণ হয় 

এই কিন্তু Height এর উচ্চারণ ব্যতিক্রম।

Word Pronunciation Meaning
Night নাইট রাত্র
Dight ডাইট সাজানাে
Fight ফাইট লড়াই
Tight টাইট টানটান
40. শব্দের শেষে que এর উচ্চারণ “
Word Pronunciation Meaning
Cheque চেক কিস্তিহুন্ডি
Baroque ব্যারক বলিষ্ঠ
Clique ক্লীক ক্ষুদ্রদল
39. Consonant এরপর  bt এর উচ্চারণ “”  এক্ষেত্রে “b” অনুচ্চারিত থাকে।
Word Pronunciation Meaning
Doubt ডাউট সন্দেহ
Debt ডেট ঋণ
Doubtful ডাউটফুল সন্দিহান

41. lk এর আগে  বা  u না থাকলে  lk এর 

উচ্চারণ হবে “” এবং “k” অনুচ্চারিত থাকে।

Word Pronunciation Meaning
Talk টক আলাপ
Walk ওয়াক হাটা
Chalk চক খড়ি
42. kn বা  gn এর আগে vowel থাকলে  k   g উচ্চারিত হয়।
Word Pronunciation Meaning
Agnostic এ্যাগনষ্টিক অজ্ঞেয়
Acknowledge এ্যাকনলেজ স্বীকার করা
Acknowledgement এ্যাকনলেজমেন্ট স্বীকৃতি
43কোন শব্দে cc+ ou/consonant থাকলে cc এর উচ্চারণ হবে “
Word Pronunciation Meaning
Accuse এ্যাকিউজ অভিযুক্ত করা
According এ্যাকর্ডিং অনুযায়ী
Accurate এ্যাকিউরেট যথার্থ
44. কোন শব্দে  u এরপর consonant+ vowel+….. থাকলে  u এর উচ্চারণ সাধারণত “ইউ” হয়।
Word Pronunciation Meaning
Mute মিউট স্তব্ধনির্বাক
Tube টিউব নল
Duteous ডিউর্টিয়াস অনুগত , বাধ্য
45. কোন শব্দে  u এর পূর্বে consonant+ r/l+…… থাকলে uএর উচ্চারণ সাধারণত ” হয়।
Word Pronunciation Meaning
Blue বলু নীল
Glue গলু শিরিসের আঠা
True ট্র সত্য
46. কোন শব্দে  ue এর পূর্বে consonant + r বা না থাকলে  এর উচ্চারণ সাধারণত ইউ” এর মত হয়।
Word Pronunciation Meaning
Sue স্যু আদালতে অভিযুক্ত করা।
Hue হিউ রং
Imbue ইমবিউ অনুপ্রানিত করা
47. কোন শব্দে  u এর পূর্বে  r বা  l একক ভাবে থাকলে তার পরে বা consonant+ e/l থাকা স্বত্তেও তার উচ্চারণ সাধারণত “” হয়।
Word Pronunciation Meaning
Nude নুড নগ্নন্যাংটা
Lunacy লুনাসি পাগলামিবকা আচরণ
Lutanist লুটানিস্ট বীণাবাদক

48. u এর পর যদি এমন দুটি consonant থাকে যাদেরকে আলাদাভাবে উচ্চারণ 

করতে হয় (ফলে প্রথমটিতে একটি syllable শেষ হয় এবং 

পরেরটিতে আরেকটি syllable শুরু হয়তাহলে 

 দুটি consonant এর পর  e/i/a থাকা স্বত্তেও  u এর 

উচ্চারণ বাংলা ““- এর মত হয়।

Word Pronunciation Meaning
Incumbent ইনকামবেন্ট বাধ্যতামূলক
Number নাম্বার সংখ্যা
Constructive কনস্ট্রাকটিভ গঠনমূলক

Nudge (নাজ) – কনুয়ের মৃদু ঠেলা দেয়া।

49. lm এর আগে কোন vowel অর্থাৎ ““, “” বা “” ধ্বনি থাকলে উচ্চারিত হয়।
Word Pronunciation Meaning
Film ফিল্ম চলচ্চিত্র
EIm এল্ম দেবদারু জাতীয় গাছ
Filmy ফিল্মি মেঘাচ্ছন্ন
50. ui + consonant+ i কিংবা consonant+ l/r + ui এভাবে গঠিত হলে uiএর উচ্চারণ “ইউই” বা “উই” হয়।
Word Pronunciation Meaning
Perpetuity প্যারপিচিউইর্টি চিরস্থায়ীত্ব
Ingenuity ইনজিনিউইটি  
Liquidity লিকুইডিটি তারল্যতরল অবস্থা

Proverbs

Idioms and proverbs

A proverb is a saying which imbibes wisdom in it. It is defined as ” a short pithy saying in general use. ” It is used in everyday speech and writing. Some proverbs with their meanings are listed below.
Knowledge of these proverbs will enable the students to learn good English. :—

1. A good beginning makes a good end ( If a task is carefully planned, there’s a better chance that it will be done well. )
2. A good example is the best sermon ( Giving an example is better than giving advice. )
3. A good conscience is a soft pillow ( One sleeps well when one has nothing to feel guilty about. )
4. A bad workman quarrels with his tools ( An inefficient  worker blames others for his failure.)
5. A bird in hand is worth two in bush ( A thing which is sure and certain is better than an uncertain one.)
6. A burnt child dreads the fire ( One who has once got hurt by anything will avoid it afterwards. )
7. A friend in need is a friend indeed ( A true friend heps and supports in adversity.)
8. A rolling stone gathers no moss ( An unsteady man never achieves success.)
9. All that glitters is not gold ( Appearances are often deceptive. )
10. An outwardly shining and charming   ( Thing does not have real worth.)
11. A stitch in time saves nine ( A defect removed in time, saves us from a great deal of trouble afterwards. )
12. A little pot is soon hot ( A narrow-minded person loses his temper very soon. )
13. A sleeping fox catches no poultry ( An idle man cannot get anything. )
14. A drop in the ocean ( To pay Rs. 200 per month to a clerk these days is just like a drop in the ocean.)
15. A crowd is not a company ( People assembled all of a sudden do not make a suitable company. )
16. A fool and his money are soon parted ( a foolish is easily deprived of his money. )
17. A flow of words is no proof of wisdom ( A talkative man is not neccessarily a wise man. )
18. A great cry and little wool ( A great deal of clamour for a petty thihg. )
19. An idle mind is the devil’s workshop ( An idle man always thinks of mischief.)
20. A  common horse is the worst shod ( A business started by several parteners does not run for long. )
21. A man without purpose is a ship without a rudder ( A man who has no clear aim is likely to fail. )
22. A rotten sheep infects the whole flock ( A bad man currepts the whole company. )
23. All asses wag their ears ( All foolish persons talk and show as if they are very wise. )

24. A tree is known by its fruit ( The character of a man is judged by hs actions. )
25. A guilty conscience needs no accuser ( A guilty man betrays his crime of his own accord .)
26. As you sow so shall you reap ( One will have to suffer the consequences of one’s acts. )
27. An empty vessel makes much noise ( A man who has no real worth, always boasts of his qualities. )
28. A friend to everybody is a friend to nobody ( One who tries to be wellwisher of everyone cannot be that of anyone.)
29. A full purse never lacks friends ( A rich man is never in want of friends. )
30. All work and no play makes Jack a dull boy ( Recreation is as important in life as serious work. )
31. All’s well that ends well ( All defects vanish if a thing ends successfully. )
32. All doors are open to courtesy ( A man of courtesy can get any work done. )
33. A woman’s strength is in her tongue ( A woman’s power lies in her loose talks only. )
34. A wooden leg is better than no leg ( It is better to have a little support than to have none. )
35. A penny saved is a penny gained ( If one saves a little money it is as good as gaining it. )
36. A reconciled friend is a double enemy  ( A friend lost and won is more dangerous than an enemy. )
37. A good presence is a letter of recommendation ( A man of graceful nature needs no letter of recommendation . )
38. A bald head is soon shaved ( A simple and innocent man is soon deceived . )
39. An angry man opens his mouth and shuts his eyes  ( An  angryman is governed by passios and loses self-control. )
40. As are the gods, so are the worshippers ( The character of public is formed by the leaders. )
41. All are no saints that go to church ( A man should be judged by his inward character and not by his outward conduct. )
42. A leopard cannot change its spots ( It is not possible for a bad or unpleasant person to become good or pleasant. )
43. A loaded wagon makes no noise ( Really wealthy people don’t talk about money. )
44. A fool at forty  is a fool forever ( If a person hasn’t matured by the age of forty, he never will. )
45. A flower blooms more than once ( If you miss an occassion, you can avail of it at another time.)
46. Better today than tomorrow ( One should not delay what one can do at the moment. )
47. Birds of same feather flock together ( Persons of the same nature often come together in one company.)
48. Barking dogs seldom bite ( Those who warn and threaten others hardly harm anyone. )
49. Better late than never ( It is better to do a thing belatedly than never to do it all. )
50. Better to wear out than to rust out ( Doing something is better than doing nothing. )
51. Better flatter a fool than fight him ( It’s better to avoid dispute with stupid people. )
52. Better the devil you know than the devil you don’t know ( It’s better to deal with somebody difficult but familiar than change and risk dealing with somebody worse. )
53. Better to be alone  than in tha bad company ( Be careful in the choice of the people you associate with. )
54. Better be the head of a dog than the tail of a lion ( It’s better to be the leader of a small group than a subordinate in a bigger group. )
55. Better lose the saddle than the horse ( It’s better to stop and accept a small loss. rather than continue and risk losing everything. )
56. Better safe than sorry ( It’s betterto be careful than to be careless and regret it later.)
57. Better to drink the milk than to eat the cow ( Be careful not to destroy the source of your income and welfare.)
58.  Better untaught than ill taught ( It’s better not to be taught at all than to be taught badly. )
59. Beauty is but skin deep ( A person’s character is more important than his appearance.)
60. Beauty lies in the eyes of the beholders ( Different people have different tastes. )
61. Bad news travels fast ( People tend to circulate bad news very quickly. )
62. Be swift to hear, slow to speak ( Listen carefully before speaking. )
63. Beggars should not be chooser ( Those who seek favours should not impose their choice. )
64. Blood is thicker than water ( Kinship is stronger than friendship. )
65. Beware of greeks bearing gifts ( Don’t trust your enemies. )
66. Blood will out ( A person’s background or education will eventually show. )
67. Better face danger once than be always in fear ( It is better to fight out a danger once than to fear it for long. )
68. Beware of silent dog and still water ( Silent people are often very dangerous. )
69. Brevity is the soul of wit ( Short and precise answers are the best ones. )
70. Ball is in your court (  It is upto you to decide. )
71. Before criticizing a person, walk a mile in his shoes ( One should not criticize a person without understanding his situation. )
72. Cast not pearls before swine  ( It is no good telling good things to those who cannot appreciate it. )
73. Caesar’s wife must be above suspicion ( The reputation of a great man’s wife must be without blames. )
74. Carry coal to Newcastle ( To carry something to a place where it is already plentiful. )
75. Charity begins at home ( We favour our relationship first and others afterwards. )
76. Choose a wife rather by your ear than by your eye ( Select a wife of good conduct and not of good external appearance. )
77. Clear moon frost soon ( If the atmosphere is clear, frost may form. )
78. Cleanliness is next to godliness ( A clean body is just as important as a pure soul. )
79. Clothes don’t make the man ( Appearances can be deceiving. )
80. Constant occupation prevents temptation  ( When you work you avoid temptation. )
81. Critics are like brushers of other man’s clothes ( Critics cleanse us of our defects and evils. )
82. Cut your coat according to your cloth ( One must spend within the limits of one’s income. )
83. Dead men tell no tales ( A dead person cannot cause difficulties by revealing something that would be preferable to conceal. )
84. Death keeps no calendar ( One may die at any moment. )
85. Desperate maladies require desperate means ( The worst type of evil can be abolished only by evil means. )
86. Diamond cuts diamond ( Refers to two people equally matched in wit or cunning.)
87. Diligence is mother of good fortune ( Hardwork brings rewards.)
88. Discreation is the better part of valour ( It is useless to take unneccessary risks. )
89. Distance makes the heart grow fonder ( When you are separated from the person you love, your feelings are even stronger. )
90. Dogs of the same street bark alike ( People from the same background have the same behaviour. )
91. Don’t bark if you can’t bite  ( Don’t complain if you can’t enforce your point of view. )
92. Don’t count your chicken before they are hatched (You must not be too confident that something will be successful.)
93. Don’t dig your grave with your own knife and fork ( Don’t do something yourself which causes your own downfall. )
94. Don’t judge a book by its cover ( Don’t  judge by appearances. )
95. Drowning man catches a straw ( Those who are in danger try to save themselves with the least possible support they can get. )
96. Do as you would be done by ( Behave others in the way you expect others to behave with you. )
97. Death is a great leveller ( Death makes no distinction between the high and the low. )
98. Easy come easy go ( What is required without effort, is spent without thought. )
99. Every dog has his day ( Everybody has some period of success. )
100. Example is better than percept ( Action is better than teaching . )
101. Eat to live but not live to eat ( Do not be a glutton but eat what and how much is neccessary. )
102. Every man thinks his own geese swan ( Everyone thinks his articles to be of high quality. )
103. Every cloud has a silver lining ( Every evil thing has some or the other quality. )
104. Easier said than done ( What is suggested sounds easy but it is more difficult to actually do it. )
105. Elbow grease is the best polish ( Hard work gives the best results. )
106. Empty vessels make the most noise ( The least intelligent people are often the most talkative or boastful. )
107. Every ass likes to hear himself bray ( People like to hear themselves talking. )
108. Every man for himself ( You must think about your own interests before the interests of others. )
109. Every man has his price ( Everyone’s loyalty can be bought for a price. )
110. Every man is the architect of his own fortune ( Life is what you make it. )
111. Every path has its puddle ( Progress is rarely without difficulty. )
112. Every rose has its thorn ( Every good thing has an unpleasant side. )
113. Every why has a wherefore ( There is an explanation for every thing. )
114. Every thing in the garden is rosy ( Every thing is satisfactory. )
115. Experience is the father of wisdom ( Experience and knowledge result in better judgement. )
116. Facts speaks louder than words ( People show what they are really like by what they do than by what they say. )
117. Failure teaches success (One should learn from one’s mistakes. )
118. Familiarity breeds contempt ( Knowing somebody very well may lead to a lack of respect for them. )
119. First come, first served ( The first person in the line will be attended to first. )
120. First weigh then say ( Consider well before you act. )
121. Fast bind , fast find ( One should take proper precaution in regard to any property, and you will not lose it. )
122. First catch your hare and then cook it ( The present must preprare for the future. )
123. First deserve and then desire ( One should desire a thing only when one is eligible for it. )
124. Fortune favours the brave  ( Those who are brave always succeed. )
125. Forgiveness is the noblest revenge ( Forgive your enemy who has caused you harm and that is the greatest revenge. )
126. Fools make feast, and wise men eat them ( Wise men enjoy themselves at the cost of foolish people. )
127. Fools rush in where angels fear to tread ( Inexperienced people act in situations that more intelligent people would avoid. )
128. Fool me once, shame on you; fool me twice, shame on me ( One should learn from one’s mistakes. )
129. Gardens are not made by sitting in the shade ( Nothing is achieved without efforts. )
130. Give and spend, God will send ( One should spend for his needs and charity. It is God who looks to everybody’s needs. )
131. Give someone an inch and he will take a mile ( Give someone a little and he will want more )
132. Give someone enough rope and he will hang himself ( Give someone enough time and freedom and he will get into the trouble. )
133. God helps those who help themselves (A man should do his best befforts to do a thing and leave the result into the hands of God. )
134. Grasp all, lose all ( A man who tries to get everything will get nothing. )
135. Go to bed with the lamb, and rise with the lark ( Early to bed early to rise. )
136. Good swimmers are often drowned ( Too much of confidence often brings about failure. )
137. Good accounting makes good friends ( You will keep your friends if you avoid dispute over money. )
138. Great minds think alike ( When two persons express the same opinion. )
139. Great oaks grow from little acorns ( Large successful operation can begin in a small way. )
140. Grief divided is made lighter ( If you share your grief it is easier to bear. )
141. Habit is second nature ( Custom makes all things easy. )
142. Half a loaf is better than no bread ( Something is better than nothing. )
143. Handsome is that handsome does ( Areally handsome person is he who does handsome deeds. )
144. Haste makes waste ( If something is done too quickly, it may be done carelessly and needs to be redone. )
145. Hatred is blind as love ( A person who feels hatred does not see any quality in the person he/she hates. )
146. He lacks most who longs most ( He who has endless wants will never be happy . )
147. Hanging and wiving go by destiny ( The hand of fate dictates joys and sorrows. )
148. He has enough who is content ( A happy person needs nothing more. )
149. He who hesitates is lost ( If you delay your decision too long, you may miss a great opportunity. )
150. He who is everywhere  is nowhere ( It’s not good to do many things at the same time. )
151. He laughs best who laughs last ( Don’t express your joy or your triumph, too soon. )
152. Health is better than wealth (It’s better to be in good health than to be rich . )
153. Home is where the heart is ( You call home the place where the people you love are. )
154. Honesty is the best policy ( Honest people succeed the most. )
155. Hunger is the best sauce ( A hungry person is never particular about the quality of food. )
156. Idleness is the rust of mind ( A man is spoiled if he does not work.)
157. It is hard to sit at Rome and fight with Pope ( We cannot fight with those whom we depend on. )
158. If two ride a horse, one must ride behind ( When two people do something together, one will be the leader and other will be the subordinate. )
159. If wishes are horses, then beggar would ride ( Wishing alone is of no use, you must act as well. )
160. Ignorance is bliss ( What you do not know causes no worry or sadness. )
161. Ill got ill spent ( Wealthgot by unfair or dishonest means is usually squandered sinfully. )
162. In for a penny, in for a pound ( If you start something, it is better to spend the time or money neccessary to complete it. )
163. It never rains but it pours ( Misfortune never comes alone. )
164. It is always darkest before the dawn ( The most difficult time is just before a problem. )
165. It is no good crying over spilt milk ( It is useless to feel sorry for the mistakes done. )
166. It is never too late to learn ( Knowledge may be aquired at any time and any stag. )
167. It takes all sorts to make a world ( People vary in character and abilities, and this is a good thing. )
168. It takes two to make a quarrel ( One cannot quarrel all alone. )
169. Jack of all trades and master of none ( One who can do a little of many things and is an expert in none )
170. Justice delayed is justice denied ( If the law is applied too late, there is no justice. )
171. Kill one to warn a hundred ( Warn many by punishing a few. )
172. Kill the goose tha lays the golden eggs ( Destroy a source of wealth or success. )
173. Killtwo birds with one stone ( Try to get two things by one effort. )
174. Kindness begets kindness ( If you are kind to p-eople, they will be kind to you. )
175. Knowledge is power ( Knowledge makes it possible for you to act. )
176. Knowledge in youth is wisdom in age ( What you learn when you are young will be invaluable when you grow up. )
177. Learn to walk before you run ( Don’t rush into doing something until you know how to it. )
178. Learning is a treasure that will follow its owner everywhere ( Education is something you keep forever. )
179. Least said soonest mended ( The more discreet you are, the less damage you cause. )
180. Let bygones be bygones ( Let’s forgive and forget past quarrels. )
181. Lightning never strikes in the same place twice ( An unusual event is not likely to occur again in exactly the same circumstances. )
182. Like father like son ( A son’s character can be expected to resemble to his father’s. )
183. Little strokes fell great oaks ( If you divide a task into small parts, it becomes easier to do. )
184. Look before you leap ( First think then act. )
185. Make hay while the sun shines ( To do a thing at the most opportune time. )
186. Man a little makes a mickle ( Great numbers are made of small units. )
187. Man proposes, God dispses ( Wishes of men are subjected to God’s mercy. )
188. Manners maketh a man ( Manners increase the importance of man. )
189. Marriages are settled in heaven ( Marriages are planned by fate and not by man’s wishes. )
190. Mice will play when the cat is away ( A man enjoys freely when his master is absent. )
191. Many men, many minds ( Everybody has his own likes and dislikes. )
192. Many hands make light work ( Sharing work makes work easier. )
193. Marry in haste, repent in leisure ( If you get married too quickly you may spend all your life regretting it. )
194. Misfortune seldom come alone ( Sorrows and sufferings surround man on all sides. )
195. Money begets money ( If you have money you can make more money. )
196. Money is the root of all evil ( Money is the main cause of all wrongdoings and problems. )
197. Money makes the mare go ( Much can be done under the influence of money. )
198. More die by food than by famine (More people die of excess of food than by want of food. )
199. More haste, more waste (A man who is over hasty, spoils his work. )
200. Murder will out ( None can conceal a murder. )
201. Need teaches a plan ( Neccessity will make you find a solution. )
202. Neccessity has no law (Want compels a man to do every kind of work. )
203. Neccessity is the mother of invention ( Every new invention  is caused by neccessity. )
204. Never say die ( Never give up. )
205. No gains without pains ( One cannot enjoy advantage until one is prepared for hard labour. )
206. No man is an island ( We all need other people. )
207. No news is good news ( If the news was bad, we would hear of it. Since we have heard nothing we can assume that all is well. )
208. No rose without a thorn ( Pleasure and pain go together. )
209. No man can serve two masters ( It is impossible for one to satisfy two persons at one and same time. )
210. No smoke without fire ( There could be some truth in the rumour. )
211. No wind, no waves ( There could be some truth in the rumour. )
212. Nothing ventured nothing gained ( One will not be able to get anything until and unless one is prepared for hard labour. )
213. Once bitten twice shy ( After an unpleasant experience, people are careful to avoid something similar. )
214. One beats the bush, another catches the hare ( People often enjoy the fruits of labour done by others. )
215. One today is worth two tomorrow ( What you have today is better than what is promised or hoped for. )
216. One man’s meat is another man’s poison ( What is good for one is bad for others. )
217. One man’s trash is another man’s treasure ( What is useless to one could be valuable to others. )
218. One swallow does not make a spring ( One man alone cannot do the whole thing. )
219. Only the wearer knows where the shoe pinches ( Only those who suffer best know their miseries. )
220. Opportunity makes the thief ( Strong temptations oblige a man to yield. )
221. Opportunity seldom knocks twice ( Don’t miss opportunities that come along. )
222. Out of sight, out of mind ( Even the nearest and dearest are forgotten when they are away. )
223. Patience is a virtue ( It is good to be patient. )
224. Patience is a plaster for all sores ( If one has patience, one is able to bear all the hardships whatever may come in life. )
225. Penny wise and  pound foolish ( To attach importance to petty things and neglect great ones. )
226. People who live in glass houses should not throw stones at others (Those who have grating defects in their character should not criticise others. )
227. Practice makes perfect ( A man can improve a lot by continuous practice. )
228. Practise what you preach ( Do yourself what you advise others to do. )
229. Prevention is better than cure  ( It is easier to prevent something from happening than to repair the damage. )
230. Pride goeth before a fall ( A proud man is bound to be humbled one day. )
231. Prosperity gains friends, adversity tries them ( A rich man may win a number of friends but they are put to test in hard times. )
232. Punctuality is the soul of business ( You should balways be on time for your business appointments. )
233. Put all your eggs in one basket ( Risk everything by putting all money in one business. )
234. Revenge is sweet ( There is satisfaction in returning an injury. )
235. Riches have wings ( None can remain rich for long. )
236. Rome was not built in a day ( Nothing really great can be got in a short time. )
237. Saying is onething, doing is another ( People don’t always do what they announce. )
238. Short reckonings make long friends ( Debts paid quickly encourage friendships. )
239. Silence is consent ( If one remains silent, it shows one’s acceptance of a thing. )
240. Snug as a bug in a rug ( Feeling very comfortable. )
241. Soft words break no bones ( Gentle and courteous speech harms none. )
242. Spare the rod and spoil the child ( Children not kept under control get spoiled later. )
243. Speak the truth and shame the devil ( If you resist the devil by speaking the truth, he will be put to shame. )
244. Still waters run deep ( Quiet and reserved persons are generally intelligent. )
245. Stolen fruit is the sweetest (Things earned by evil means appear to be very charming. )
246. Time and tide wait for none ( One cannot stay to course of time. )
247. Time has wings ( Time goes by quickly. )
248. Time is money ( Time is valuable and should not be wasted . )
249. To err is human, toforgive divine ( It is human nature to make mistakes, therefore one shall forgive. )
250. Too many cooks spoil the broth ( If too many persons are involved in something, it will not be done properly. )
251. True friends are tested in adversity ( It’s when you have problems that you realise who your real friends are. )
252. Trust not a horse’s heel nor a dog’s tooth ( Be careful of the reaction of animals. )
253. Truth is stranger than fiction (  Events in real life are sometimes stranger than in fiction. )
254. Tall oaks grow from little acorns ( Great things may come from small beginings. )
255. The best fish swims near the bottom (The valuable things can be attained only after a careful and deep search. )
256. The darkest hour is just before dawn ( There is a hope even in the worst of time. )
257. The early bird catches the worm ( If you want to do the something successfully, you should do it as soon as you can. )
258. The first step is the hardest ( The most difficult thing is to begin. )
259. The pen is mightier than the sword ( Words and communication have greater effect than war and fightings. )
260. The way to a man’s heart is through his stomach ( Feed a man well and he will love you. )
261. There is a black sheep in every flock ( There is always one who doesn’t behave or perform like others. )
262. There is many a slip between the cup and the lip ( We should not count on anything until it is actally in our grasp. )
263. Union is strength ( A group has more  force than an individual. )
264. United we stand divided we fall ( Union is strength. )
265. Unwillingness easily finds an excuse ( A person who doesn’t want to do something always finds a reason to avoid it. )
266. Variety is the spice of life ( Doing a lot of things make life more interesting. )
267. Virtue is its own reward ( You could not expect praise for acting in a correct or moral way. )
268. Walls have ears ( Be careful, people could be listening. )
269. Waste not, want not ( If you never waste anything, you will have it when you need it. )
270. Watch how the wind blows ( One should watch the development and only then speak. )
271. Well begun is half done (A good beginning a;lways ensures a good end. )
272. What cannot be cured must be endured. ( Pains from which there can be no relief, must be borne patiently. )
273. When ignorance is bliss, it is folly to be wise ( If a man does not understand fully, it is wise to keep silent. )
274. When the cat is away mice play ( People misbehave when their boss is absent. )
275. When in Rome, do as the Roman do ( One should keep in mind and follow the traditions of the place where he lives. )
276. When poverty come in the door, love goes out of the window ( Nobody loves poor relatives. )
277. When the wine is is , wit is out ( A man under intoxication, loses all senses. )
278. When there is smoke there is fire ( Effect and cause theory applies everywhere. )
279. Where there is a will, there is a way ( If one has a strong will to do anything, one can find out the way to get it done.)
280. Where there is life, there is hope ( One should never lose hope to achieve his goal. )
281. You are what you eat ( What you eat , has an effect on your well- being. )
282. You can lead a horse to water but you can’t make it drink ( You can offer someone an opportunity to do something but you can’t force him to do it. )
283. You can’t teach an old dog new tricks ( A person who is used to doing things in a certain way cannot change.)
284. You scratch my back and I’ll scratch yours ( You help me and I’ll help you. )

Exercise on capital letter and punctuation

Use the capital letter and punctuation marks in the following sentences.

1. (a) i am a muslim and you a christian (b) the quran is a holy book of the muslims (c) liza reads in dhanmondi girls school (d) have jamal and kamal gone to chittagong (e) how fortunate he was (f) i had visited london, france and many european countries (g) babul lived in a village of rangpur district (h) hurrah i have passed (i) one day hider ali entered tipos room (j) emperor shajahan built the tajmahal

Use the capital letter and punctuation marks in the following sentences.

1. (a) he passed in history but failed in mathematics (b) the annual examination of anis will be held on november (c) the mahanagar express will leave soon (d) he prayed to allah and he blessed me (e) arabian nights is a famous book (f) is humayan ahmed a famous writer (g) if i were a king (h) have you seen bashir (i) how sweetly the bird sings (j) sabinas mother teaches us physics

2. (a) long ago there was a great musician in greece (b) his name was amir hasan chowdhury (c) alas i am undone (d) what a fine bird it is (e) are you doing anything (f) dhaka stands on the buriganga (g) it is robis book (h) you he and i are friends (i) bangladeshis are people (j) robert bruce was the king of scotland

3. (a) how are you bakul (b) rajib do the work (c) what is the matter (d) the padma is a big river (e) the english were much stronger (e) anil and jamil are two friends (g) dr ahmed was a teacher of english (h) this is rahims book (i) i have seen the pacific ocean (j) my uncle is an ma

4. (a) ismail hossain was azizs grandfather (b) how charming the scenery of cox’s bazar is (c) when was nazrul born (d) hellow friends listen to what I say (e) alexander the great came to india (f) i am a citizen of australia but you are a citizen of japan (g) mr jamiruddin spent his whole life in the east (h) we all should pray to allah (i) my father came home on monday (j) the bengalis speak bangla

Rewrite the sentences using punctuations and capital letters where necessary.

1. they listen to cd and watch movies on dvd 2. today as they come in they see a foreigner 3. he is sitting alone at a corner table 4. this is shammi 5. the sky becomes dark 6. a strong wind starts to blow 7. is it going to rain 8. rina opens her umbrella 9. suddenly it blows away 10. did the wind take it 11. it sails high above the hill 12. will the wind give it back 13. mili nayan and saleh are my friend 14. they are kind polite and caring 15. well how are you 16. oh im fine 17. yes i know laila 18. no i don’t know yusuf 19. tamim listen to this song 20. neel can you please turn on the radio 21. mary what are you looking at 22.joy do you see that butterfly over there 23. yes i do oh it is beautiful 24. yes it is its wings are blue yellow brown and red 25. mary can we try and catch it 26. no we cant 27. well i can surely take a picture 28. oh you can do that 29. you did fantastic 30. you look great 31. stop writing 32. hira come and see me immediately 33. wow what a picture 34. wow wonderful 35. amal  says lets read this story together 36. no neel says i’m not feeling well i want to go home can we read it later 37. the teacher asks do know what an igloo is  38. yes teacher the eskimos live in igloo it is a house built of snow answers the student 39. mohua said may i come in teacher 40. the teacher looked up and said yes you may why are you late  41. i am sorry teacher i could not get any rickshaw said mohua  42. the teacher said well try not to be lated again 43. yes teacher said mohua softly  44. bulbul said mom tell me a story 45. mother said i m busy now let me finish cooking first 46. can i go and watch the tv asked bulbul 47. well if you have finished your home work said his mother 47. bulbul said yes mom i have 48. we often come here in our free time 49.  what is wrong asad 50. mother said i m busy now let me finish cooking first 51. what a beautiful country it is 52. well if you have finished your home work said his mother 53. i can hear your voice now says rosie 54. is he an honest man 55. Is he not an honest man? 56. aren’t they happy

Rewrite the following passage using capitalization and punctuation.

1. yesterday we all went to visit one of our uncles house at shafipur we spent the day eating delicious food and roaming around it took us about five hours to come back due to heavy traffic

2. aman dont be so silly he will come soon said rimon we need not wait for him he failed to keep his words replied kamal

3. climate change has already started bringing disasters to bangladesh we remember the damage caused by the aila in 2009 climate change victims are increasing in number everyday

4. robinson crusoe was born in england he wanted to be a sailor but his father did not like the idea at all he

5. what is the time by your watch he said its half past nine i replied i want to go to college would you accompany me please no i am sorry i said

6. my father looked at me in anger and said to me where have you been so long and why are you wasting your time after a moment he said will you not appear in the final examination i said i went to my friends house to borrow an essential book but he was not at home so i had to wait for him

7. how much do you want said the mayor a thousand guilders said the pied piper all right said the mayor well pay you a thousand guilders when will you set to work now replied the pied piper

8. one day i saw a beautiful blue bird in my garden the bird had a bean in its claw the bird said to me i take this bean and plant it in your garden

9. dhaka the capital of bangladesh is famous for its mosques and monuments both old and new the old ones are as attractive as the new ones

10. we live in bangladesh almost all of us speak in bangla most of the people of the country are muslims besides hindus buddhists and Christians also live here about 80 percent people live in the villages

11. he used to smoke heavily he got the bad habit from his college days recently my mother and i were very worried about fathers worsening health condition he was having continuous chest pain the doctor showed him his chest x-ray plates there were dark marks on his lungs

12. alexander the great was the king of macedonia he was the son of philip a mighty king of sparta he invaded india 327 years before the birth of christ

13. thomas stems eliot was born on September 26, 1888 in st louis missouri after studying at harverd and sorbornehe emigrated to england in 1914

14. first you can make a forum and select a leader the class teacher suggest them to divide the clearing activities among different groups its really a great teacher says safiq well make the forum now and start working immediately

15. why dont you attend classes regularly the teacher said to the boy you cannot expect good results unless you attend classes

16. the teacher said to the boy do you think that honesty is the best policy the boy said yes sir think so then leam to be honest from your boyhood said the teacher thank you sir said the boy may allah grant you a long life said the teacher to the boy

17. what can i teach you asked nasiruddin we dont know replied the students you are students but you dont know anything so i cant teach you anything said nasiruddin

18. teaching is such a profession that helps to build a nation a teacher is both a guide and a pioneer he has to dedicate to this noble profession in order to guide the nation so he is called an architect of a new society if he neglects his duties social discipline will break down.

19. the tortoise must be far behind he said to himself i am already half way through why not have a nap beside that tree

20. mother said to me where are you going i am going to school said i did you go to school yesterday no i replied

21. mr grasshopper sang his song again and then he asked mr ant would you like to hear another song i know many good ones oh thank you very much replied mr ant politely

22. patriotism stands for nations but does not stand against internationalism or universal brotherhood nowadays there are hatred, bloodshed and unrest in many countries of the world under the false cover of patriotism world peace is not possible if we do not stand for human dignity which is the basic condition of patriotism

23. bangladesh is a land of villages most of the people live in village areas life here is smooth but not free from problems

24. the 21st february is declared the international mother language day this day is also called shaheed day shaheed minar is covered with flowers

25. japan is a country of islands much of the food of japan comes from the sea the japanese eat a lot of sea food such as shrimps oysters as well as mineral-rich sea weed

26. mr adrian is a reporter of the bangladesh observer once he visited a flood-affected area he said to the man have you received any relief goods

27. once i asked a little girl what is your mother’s name she replied cleverly i know my mother’s name but i wont tell you that i said what a clever girl you are may you prosper in life

28. where are you going nadia said nahida to rajshahi replied nadia why asked nahida to see my uncle he is sick may he come round soon wished nahida

29. the traveller said to the peasant can you tell me the way to the nearest inn the peasant said yes i can do you want one in which you can spend the night the traveller said i do not wish to stay there but i only want a meal 

30. the rainy season is caused by monsoon the south-west monsoon that blows from the bay of bengal brings much vapour it causes heavy rainfall and the rainy season occurs in bangladesh

31. salam, kamal, and alam are friends they are very much interested to learn english one day alam said to mamun well you learn english then read an english paper named the daily star

32. a fruitseller said which fruits do you want to buy i have apples from australia oranges from daijeeling grapes from kashmir the customer said what fruits of our country do you have

33. water is an important element of the environment since it is essential for living it is called life but polluted water is harmful because it causes dangerous diseases polluted water causes not only diseases but also death though

34. maruf is a school going boy he is the most talented and intelligent boy in the class his best friend is anim he is also talented roni rafi zubair and ratul are their friends they often sit together and study in group

35. my friend said to me why are you sitting alone in your room at this hour dont you see that the sky is clear

36. rabindranath tagore is my favourite poet he was born at jorasako in calcutta on the 7th may 1861

37. no im going with my aunt uncle and cousin says mita they are right there on that counter is this your first visit to thailand yes wanted that he should study law

38. in general i enjoy my english class however the amount of homework our teacher assigns is definitely not enjoyable after a long day at school and coaching i look forward to enjoying a quiet dinner at home playing with my younger brother and watching a little tv.

39. shihab stood on the sidewalk and looked down he saw cars and busts running under the flyover he did not know there could be roads one above the other he wanted to know many things about the flyover

40. death is inevitable yet everybody forgets it for the necessity of life again someone becomes immortal by welcoming death with smiling face someone dies many times before death

41. this is shihabs first visit to dhaka so one day mr hafizuddin takes him to dhanmondi shihab is surprised to see so many tall buildings he starts counting the floors of a building the building has twenty two floors

42. good morning ripa said shuvo how much preparation have you taken for the exam a great preparation said she wow what a lucky girl said shuvo

43. have you ever been to coxs bazar asked kamal no i have never gone there replied hasan

44. havent you heard the name of the poet kazi nazrul Islam very few poets in bengali literature are as famous as nazrul Islam nazruls writings were full of hope and aspiration

45. how is your father karim said mr rahman he is very well thank you karim replied i am glad to hear that he is in good health said mr rahman

46. thomas alva edison was born in 1847 in ohio america as a little boy he was very inquisitive very early in life he showed that he was full of curiosity which is so important to inventors

47. zaman can you tell me what i am teaching the teacher asked im sorry sir i cant follow replied zaman you cant because you are not attentive the teacher said

48. cutting down of trees indiscriminately is called deforestation to meet up the basic needs trees are being cut in a large scale and thus it causes ecological imbalance we cut trees for building housees, fuel furniture and so on besides some dishonest people cut trees to make money

49. rahim said to karim have you heard the name of dinesh chandra sen yes he is famous for moimonshingho gitika karim said

50. begum rokeya was a famous writer and a social worker she lived in undivided bengal in the early 20th century she believed that woman should have the same rights and opporturnites as men have in the society

51. give me a few grains of corns im dying from hunger said the grasshopper but what did you do in the summer didnt you store up any grain the ant remarked no I was too busy.

52. how are you im fine my 12th birthday is on 16 january my father isnt at home hes on a business trip to Singapore so ive decided to celebrate it in a very simple manner

53. once upon a time a dove and a bat were very good friends one day the two friends decided to set out on a journey they flew over the rivers and hills and came to a jungle both the friends were very tired they needed to sit down and take a rest

54. the man said to the manager may i come in sir yes come in what do you want said the manager i want to open a bank account with your bank said the man

55. there is nothing more valuable than sincerity it means dutifulness honesty and modesty we should not blame our lot the more we are sincere the more we are successful

56. yesterday we all went to visit the house of one of our uncles at shafipur we spent the day eating delicious food and roaming around it took us about five Ipurs to come back due to heavy traffic jam

57. rina said to me have you finished reading the book i gave you yesterday yes i have i replied what an interesting book it is i wish i would borrow the book earlier

58. my name’s salma rahman i was born and brought up in jessore i studied in rajshahi university for four years for the last one year i’ve been working in a women’s organization

59. you and i are friends we have shared a lot of things in our lives we have been friend since our childhood do you remember those old days how happy we were

60. man can not live alone so he wants a company he can’t live even for a single day alone this is why, he lives together co-operating with others In this way society is formed

61. what we have achieved after the liberation war is not enough at all what is happening is out of our control as a result we should try our best to save the essence of freedom

62. human beings have invented many important things so far they have brought great civilization in the world through these inventions do you know which invention is the greatest it is wheel

63. mother said do you know where sabid lives no bul jesmin knows jesmin and I are going together jesmin will probably be at the station to meet us said rafiq

64. will you come to my house tomorrow i asked the boy we can discuss terms and conditions then i paid i shall be very happy to meet with you at your house thank you so much he replied

65. to be good is noble but to teach others how to be good is nobler and no trouble said a well known writer this may explain why in this world there is more of preaching than of practice

66. a table of contents is usually written as contents at the top of the page the list of the parts is presented in order that they appear in the book the list contains the titles or the names of the parts

67. polluted water is dangerous illiterate people drink it ignoring the consequence we should prevent water pollution so that we may get safe and sound environment

68. he said i can chop some wood today i said but i have a boy coming from the orphanage im the boy you but you’re small size don’t matter chopping wood he said

69. though there are some differences between practical knowledge and bookish knowledge actually they are often thought to be the same if man is educated in the real sense he will be able to lead a life completely different from others furthermore he can distinguish between right and wrong above all education is very important

Use capitals and punctuation marks where necessary in the following text.

1. the rich are not always happy on the other hand the poor are not always unhappy we should not hate the poor a poor man may be an honest man but a rich man may be a dishonest man
Answer: The rich are not always happy. On the other hand, the poor are not always unhappy. We should not hate the poor. A poor man may be an honest man but a rich man may be a dishonest man.

2. the park is beautiful but dirty everybody likes to go there it is a new park we should keep it clean
Answer: The park is beautiful but dirty. Everybody likes to go there. It is a new park. We should keep it clean.

3. the chairman of our union parishad is an honest man he leads a very simple life everyday he hoes out to meet the people become people become happy when they het him among them
Answer: The chairman of our Union Parishad is an honest man. He leads a very simple life. Everyday he hoes out to meet the people. People become happy when they het him among them.

4. he will come after sometime he always comes here to play with us he is fond of playing cricket whenever he gets time, he watches cricket on television
Answer: He will come after sometime. He always comes here to play with us. He is fond of playing cricket. Whenever he gets time, he watches cricket on television.

5. when do you go to school when does your class start when do you come back from school when do you do your homework
Answer: When do you go to school? When does your class start? When do you come back from school? When do you do your homework?

6. i get up early in the morning then i walk for an hour walking is my regular exercise exercise is very useful to everybody
Answer: I get up early in the morning. Then I walk for an hour. Walking is my regular exercise. Exercise is very useful to everybody.

7. the sun rises in the east and sets in the west we get light from the sun the sun is many times larger than the earth it looks round in shape
Answer: The sun rises in the east and sets in the west. We get light from the sun. The sun is many times larger than the earth. It looks round in shape.
8. an honest man always speaks the truth people respect him for his honesty a dishonest man always tells a lie we should try to be honest.
Answer: An honest man always speaks the truth. People respect him for his honesty. A dishonest man always tells a lie. We should try to be honest.
9. mother told me a story the story was interesting i listened to the story attentively but i forgot everything now i am trying to remember the story
Answer: Mother told me a story. The story was interesting. I listened to the story attentively, but I forgot everything. Now I am trying to remember the story.

10. he never goes to school he is an idiot he never passes any examination teachers do not like him
Answer: He never goes to school. He is an idiot. He never passes any examination. Teachers do not like him.
11. he goes to the riverside every evening he walks there for half an hour he takes much interest in walking by the riverside an evening walk by the riverside is useful for health
Answer: He goes to the riverside every evening. He walks there for half an hour. He takes much interest in walking by the riverside. An evening walk by the riverside is useful for health.

12. he said that he would come again he always does whatever he tells he never breaks his promise a gentleman always does so
Answer-16: He said that he would come again. He always does whatever he tells. He never breaks his promise. A gentleman always does so.
13. he was not present in the class yesterday he often does so but it was not the case before once upon a time he was very irregular in going to the class we should tell him to stop this bad practice
Answer: He was not present in the class yesterday. He often does so, but it was not the case before. Once upon a time, he was very irregular in going to the class. We should tell him to stop this bad practice.
14. mr khan is a learned person he comes of a gentle family he joined our school two months ago he is very popular with the students and also teaches well
Answer: Mr Khan is a learned person. He comes of a gentle family. He joined our school two months ago. He is very popular with the students and also teaches well.

15. all children should go to school parents should advise them to go to school children are the future of our country we should be proud of our children
Answer: All children should go to school. Parents should advise them to go to school. Children are the future of our country. We should be proud of our children.

16. one day i went to market with my father father bought a lot of items i became very happy as i did not go to market before i remember the day till now
Answer: One day I went to market with my father. Father bought a lot of items. I became very happy as I did not go to market before. I remember the day till now.

17. the color of the mangoes is red these mangoes are very sweet and juicy we have many mango trees around our house the mango is a seasonal fruit but it is not our national fruit
Answer: The color of the mangoes is red. These mangoes are very sweet and juicy. We have many mango trees around our house. The mango is a seasonal fruit, but it is not our national fruit.

18. the glass is full of water no animal can live without water water has no color or taste as we cannot live without water we should keep it safe for drinking
Answer: The glass is full of water. No animal can live without water. Water has no color or taste. As we cannot live without water, we should keep it safe for drinking.

19. father goes to office at 7 a m everyday he gets up one hour earlier he spends this one hour for preparation father remains at the office for the whole day
Answer: Father goes to office at 7 a.m. everyday. He gets up one hour earlier. He spends this one hour for preparation. Father remains at the office for the whole day.

20. the quran is our holy book every muslim should know how to read the quran this book is our guide and teacher if we follow this book we must shine in life
Answer: The Quran is our holy book. Every Muslim should know how to read the Quran. This book is our guide and teacher. If we follow this book, we must shine in life.
21. mother starts cooking in the morning and finishes it by 9 a m i go to school at 10 a m mother wants to be sure so that i never become late in school i am happy that i never become late in school
Answer: Mother starts cooking in the morning and finishes it by 9 a.m. I go to school at 10 a.m. Mother wants to be sure so that I never become late in school. I am happy that I never become late in school.
22. brother bought a new car last month i like to travel by a car it is only the rich who can buy a car the price of a car is going up day by day
Answer: Brother bought a new car last month. I like to travel by a car. It is only the rich, who can buy a car. The price of a car is going up day by day.
23. he reads in class 8 his school stands by the side of a river the headmaster of his school is a very kind person he never punishes students
Answer: He reads in class 8. His school stands by the side of a river. The Headmaster of his school is a very kind person. He never punishes students.
24. man is mortal death must come at the right time we cannot avoid death death is the end of life
Answer: Man is mortal. Death must come at the right time. We cannot avoid death. Death is the end of life.
25. it does not rain much during the winter season so the winter season appears to be a dry season people suffer from different cold-related diseases in this season i like this season more than any other season
Answer: It does not rain much during the winter season. So, the winter season appears to be a dry season. People suffer from different cold-related diseases in this season. I like this season more than any other season.

Use capitals and punctuation marks where necessary in the following text.

1. i have got gpa-5 in the ssc exam said Rafiq congratulation said I what do you intend to do now i want to study in a reputed college and will try to get admission in rajuk college rafiq replied

2. said an old crab to young one why do you walk so crooked child walk straight mother said the young crab show me the way will you

3. what kind of stories did aesop tell said anwar fables replied mrs. amin do you know what fables are no replied anwar well continued mrs. amin fables are stories with a message or a moral

4. i came to dhaka this morning i sent you a telegram before starting for home he said did you receive it in time he asked no i replied

5. william shakespeare the monarch of world literature was born on 23 april 1564 in stratford on Avon his mother was mary arden and his father was john shakespeare he was not much educated he had little knowledge of grammar

6. the buckingham palace is in england it was originally built for the duke of buckingham in 1703 and was called buckingham house king george III bought it in 1761 it was remodelled and enlarged by a famous architect john nash

7. alexander the great was the king of mecedonia he was the son of philip a mighty king of sparta he invanded India about 327 years before the birth of christ on the way he defeated puru and marched towards the punjab

8. suppose we are in some danger said miss mebbin nonsense said m packletide its a very old tiger it could not spring up here even if it wanted to if its an old tiger i think you ought to get if cheaper a thousand taka is a lot of money

9. who are happy those who have fit bodies are the happiest ones if we are physically sound we will be mentally sound too we need to take care of our health as well as be positive in thinking how lucky they are who are both ways fit

10. did you hear a sound he asked she replied i heard nothing distinctly listen carefully he said cant you hear a little moaning sound coming from the old cottage

11. how dare you wake me up the lion roared i shall kill you for that please please let me go the mouse cried i did not mean to wake you up

12. overhearing their whispers the caliph said to the dervishes are you not of this house then no they replied we have never been in this place before

13. there are many countries in the world with many languages but you cannot speak all the languages so you need a common language that you can use with more or less all the people in the world English is that common language you should learn this language

14. rifa said to tasfika how are you i went to your house yesterday but did not find you where did you go i went to the station said tasfika i had to receive my maternal uncle

15. what do you want nahar said the principal i need three days leaves she replied the principal said why the marriage ceremony of my elder sister will be held on next friday where is your application here it is

16. wretch said the king what harm did I do there that you should seek to take my life with your own hand you killed my father and my two brothers the young man replied

17. once i asked a sweet little girl what is your mothers name she replied cleverly i know my mothers name but i wont tell you that i said what a clever girl you are i dont tell my mothers name to anybody whom i dont know she spoke with an air of confidence

18. why dont you attend classes regularly the teacher said to the students you cant expect good results unless you attend classes as i tell you i am sorry sir i have offended you said the student

19. mother is an unending sweet name she loves her children never neglects her duties to them when i think if my mother will leave and embrace the eternity i am at a loss how we can bear this separation
20. are you brothers asked the mistress of the house turning to the darvishes no we are poor wanderers who met by mere chance replied the darvishes

21. i have missed the plane tareq said to the woman sitting at the front desk what shall I do now go to the desk marked inquiry the woman said flight t w 226 has left the man in the inquiry said but
your ticket is for flight ba 179

22. will you go to college today the father said to her son no father our classes are suspended then go to market and bring some vegetables let me be ready and give me money

23. i never eat anything for lucheon she said oh dont say that i answered generously i never eat more than one thing she said i think people eat for too much now a days

24. the lion roared how dare you wake me up ill kill you the mouse cried please let me go i didn’t mean to wake you up

25. we want to go on excursion sir the students insisted where do you want to go the students replied will you allow us to visit sonargaon sure thank you may allah bless you said the principal

26. what is the time by your watch he said its half past nine i replied i want to go to college

27. he said would you accompany me please no i am sorry i said

28. what is your programme after the examination asked salam kamal said ive not yet decided can you suggest any let us go on a picnic said salam what an excellent idea I shall certainly join you said kamal

29. fahim said to me have you finished reading the book i gave you yesterday yes have finished reading the book

30. how is your mother nabila said m rina she is well thank you nabila replied i am very glad to hear that she is in good health said mrs. rina

31. how can you do the work in two days nobody agrees to do it less than four i said to the boy i am confident i shall finish it as I have told you he replied

32. nasreen have you done your english lesson today asked the teacher yes sir i have done it but i havent understood some grammatical points replied nasreen where is the problem said the teacher let us try again

33. a fruit seller said which fruit do you want to buy i have apples from australia oranges from darjeeling grapes from Kashmir the customer said what fruits of our country do you have the fruit selller said i have coconut guava and jackfruit the customer said give one kg of guava as it will be the substitution of australian apples

34. i have got gpa 5 in the ssc examination said kamal congratulations what do you intend to do now asked hasan i want to study in a reputed college i will try to get myself admitted into dhaka college said kamal

35. why you are putting up the food in your pocket sir asked the noble man i am doing the right thing my dress deserves the rich dishes replied sheikh saadi please tell me clearly what you mean to say said the noble man

36. my sons listen to me a great treasure lies hidden in the land i am going to leave it to you howll we find it said the sons you must dig the land for it said the old man

36. have you completed your assignment said rumana no I havent completed yet replied farah but you must submit it timely said rumana i worked on it for several hours yesterday replied farah

37. i said the passer- by what are you seeing now i am seeing the people running here and there he said how happy they are may god help them let me enjoy this i said

38. the teacher said to the student have you prepared your lesson today no sir replied the student the teacher said why i was suffering from headache i shall do my work tomorrow replied the student

39. have you ever been to coxs bazar asked shabab no i have never gone there replied labib but I desire for visiting the place i had an opportunity to visit the sea beach last year said shabab let us go there this week

40. i came to bogra this afternoon i sent you a massage before starting from home roka said did you receive it in time she asked no i did not receive i replied

41. the man said to the manager may i come in sir yes come in what do you want said the manager I want to open a bank account in your bank said the man can you tell me the process of opening a savings account

42. the traveller said can you tell me the way to the nearest inn yes said the peasant do you want one in which you can spend the night no replaid the traveler i only want a meal

43. i saw john in the park the other day said mike oh did you said mary how is he doing he has a new job he has flexible working hours, so he has lots more free time said mike well good for him said mary do you know what he wants to do with his free time no i meant to ask him that said mike

44. dhaka the capital of our country has been remarked as a mega city side by side it has also been remarked as the most polluted city of the world the population of dhaka city is on ever increase no one knows when it will stop rather instead of decreasing the population of the city is increasing very rapidly day by day the question arises who are responsible for this the answer is not very far to seek but cannot be told because the destroyers should have been the protectors

45. suvra mukherjee born in narail of bangladesh in 1940 was admitted to the army research indian president pranab mukherjees wife suvra mukherjee passed away yesterday she was and Referral hospital in delhi cantonment on august 7 with respiratory complaints it is informed with deep sorrow that first lady smt suvra mukherjee passed away this morning she left for her heavenly abode at 10:51 am said an official statement of rashtrapati bhavan the presidential palace yesterday

46. perhaps you dont always need to use commas periods colons etc to make sentences clear when i am in a hurry tired cold lazy or angry i sometimes leave out punctuation marks grammar is stupid i can write without it and dont need it my uncle harry once said he was not very clever and i never understood a word he wrote to me i think III learn some punctuation not too much enough to write to uncle harry he needs some help

47. mina have you done your english lesson today asked the teacher yes sir she replied but i havent understood one grammatical point come to my room ill help you said the teacher thank you sir she smilingly said

48. coming back to their Manhattan residence as Jane felt tired and exhausted she fell flat on her little couch throwing some of her garments off to the carpet soon she was lost in deep sleep on the sly all her friends and cousins gathered and arranged a surprise party to wish her on the eve of her 19th the last of the teenage birthday

49. one night while walking down the streets Kamal noticed a postbox from where a sound was coming. Being curious about it when he reached there he found that there was a child behind

50. he was crying helplessly this touched him greatly he took the child in his arms and the cry stopped he was wondering what he should do he thought that he should return it to his parents but as he did not know where the parents were he took it to the nearest police station

51. whats your dream do you have any dream asked zayed yes indeed said robi my dream isa plate full of rice big pieces of chicken and sweets zayed and his friends were surprised is that all come on. Im going to make your dream come true robi couldnt believe his ears was he making fun of me playing a cruel trick robi thought

52. mr pronay larma the physical teacher of rooppur high school is talking about health to his students what things are necessary for good health he asks the students we need a lot of things teacher says rushad we need healthy food proper rest and sleep we also have to be clean and tidy good says mr larma these are the things you need for good health but another thing that you also need is regular physical exercise

53. ive got gpa 5 in the hsc examination said arifa congratulation i said what do you intend to do now i want to study medicine arifa replied iII try to get admission to a government medical college excellent i wish your all success i said thanks said arifa

54. mr mizan professor of english lives in dhaka as he is honest sincere diligent and amiable everybody loves and respect him he is very favourite to his students one day he said to us dear students you should be patriotic and committed to your duties and responsibilities you should work for the motherland from your respective position

55. the principal said so you think honesty is the best policy dear boys the students replied yes sir we think do learn to be honest from boyhood because boyhood is the prime period of cultivating any good virtue said the principal thank you sir said the students may allah grant you long life said the principal to the students

56. he said i can chop some wood today i said but i have a boy coming from the orphanage i am the boy but you are small size doesn’t matter chopping wood he said some of the big boys do not chop wood well I ve been chopping wood at the orphanage for a long time

57. dhaka the capital of bangladesh has been remarked as mega city side by side it has also been remarked as the most polluted city of the world the population of dhaka city is on ever increase no one knows when it will stop rather instead of decreasing the population of the city is increasing very rapidly day by day the question arises who are responsible for this the answer is not very far to seek but cannot be told because the destroyers should have been the protectors

58. the high and the low the rich and poor the wise and the foolish the sinner and the virtuous all must die death is a must there is no way to escape from death where there is life there is death it is unfortunate that sometimes we forget we are mortal different worldly attractions make us forget our transient existence on earth

59. Lina : Guys were going for a picnic.
Lamia : Oh sounds great.
Lina : So get prepared and just make sure all of you are quite okay on the day.
Pial : What’ll we have for breakfast on the day? Sandwich or burger
Lina : I think that sandwiches will do.
Ria : Will Mila join us?
Lina: Well she is a little busy. Anyway she’ll join us.

60. Teacher : Majed why are you late today?
Majed : I came on foot. I have an injury in my leg.
Teacher : Yesterday also you came late to English class.
Majed : I came with my father in bike we were held up in traffic jam.
Teacher : How many marks did you score in English I paper.
Majed : I scored 60%.
Teacher : In English II paper
Majed : I scored 48% only.
Teacher : Then you are clearless in learning grammar.
Majed : I shall try to improve Sir.

61. Kamal : Ive lost my watch. Have you seen it anywhere
Nirob : No, but if I find it Ill tell you.
Kamal : Its a gift from my father. It’s been so important for me!
Nirob : When did you lose it
Kamal : Most probably during the off-period.
Nirob : Does it have a leather strap?
Kamal : Oh, yes Have you seen it?
Nirob : I haven’t seen it, but I heard Karim saying something about a watch with a leather strap.
Kamal : Whats his room number?
Nirob : Most probably 203. Go to the first floor of the main hostel. It’s on the right side of the stairs.
Kamal : Thank you so much, dear
Nirob : Youre welcome.
Kamal : Best of luck.

62. A : Whats solar energy?
B : Its one of the renewable energy sources.
A : Why is it called green energy.
B : Well its green energy because it helps us keep the earth green I mean it doesnt emit
any pollutant in the atmosphere when we produce and use it.
A : I see then it must be a clean source of energy.
B : Exactly. And thats why its also called clean energy.

63. Della : Jim darling Don’t look at me that way.
Jim : Youve cut off your hair
Della : Cut it off and sold it
Jim : I can’t believe it
Della : Don’t you like me just as well, anyhow I’m me without my hair, aren’t I?
Jim : You say your hair is gone
Della : You needn’t look for it. it’s sold. I tell you-sold and gone, too.
Jim : Are you sane
Della : Jim, be good to me, for it went for you. Maybe the hairs of my head were numbered, but nobody could ever count my love for you.
Jim : I know it darling
Della : My hair grows so fast, Jim

64. Customer : Do you have something to drink
Waiter : Hot or cold sir
Customer : Give me something hot
Waiter : What would you like to have sir? Tea coffee milk or hot chocolate
Customer : Hot chocolate sounds interesting. Bring a cup of hot chocolate.
Waiter : Anything else sir
Customer : No thanks.

65. Toma : You’re really fit Paul. Do you exercise very much?
Mamun : Well I almost always get up early and I lift weight for an hour.
Toma : You’re kidding
Mamun : No. And then go swimming.
Toma : Wow how often do you exercise like that?
Mamun : About five times a week. What about you?
Toma : Oh I hardly ever exercise. I usually just watch TV in my free time. Often my mom says marie darling, dont be a potato couch.
Mamun : You’re really fit Paul. Do you exercise very much?

66. Kamal : Ive lost my watch. Have you seen it anywhere
Nirob : No, but if I find it Ill tell you.
Kamal : Its a gift from my father. It’s been so important for me!
Nirob : When did you lose it
Kamal : Most probably during the off-period.
Nirob : Does it have a leather strap?
Kamal : Oh, yes Have you seen it?
Nirob : I havent seen it, but I heard Karim saying something about a watch with a leather strap.
Kamal : Whats his room number?
Nirob : Most probably 203. Go to the first floor of the main hostel. It’s on the right side of the stairs.
Kamal : Thank you so much, dear
Nirob : Youre welcome

67. Mother : When does your exam start dear
Son : 8.30 A.M But I have to reach the exam hall at 8.
Mother : Okay have your breakfast you haven’t brushed your teeth yet.
Son : Mom, where is my brush I can’t find it.
Mother : Its in the cupboard. There are ceramics in the cupboard too Be careful.

68. Karim : What are you doing Samira
Samira : Im reading a letter.
Karim : Letter From whom
Samira : Its from my pen-friend. Shes Australian. Her name is Lucy Brown.
Karim : How old is she?
Samira : Sixteen the same as us. She lives in Sydney.
Karim : Sydney? Whats that
Samira : It’s a city in the south-east of Australia.
Karim : How do you know about it?
Samira : Lucy has sent me a picture of it.
Karim : Can you show me the picture?
Samira : Yes here it is. You see, it looks very beautiful, doesn’t it?
Karim : Oh, yes

69. Tourist : How old is the edifice.
Guide : Its a 15th century edifice madame.
Tourist : How beautiful.
Guide : It was built by Emperor Akbar. He also lived here for some years.
Tourist : Oh! I see.
Guide : Madam we should move now. The sun is about to set it would be dark.
Tourist : is this place not safe.
Guide : It is. But the security does not allow anybody after the sunset.

70. Shefad : Good morning sir.
Headmaster : Good morning. Tell me how I can help you.
Shefad : Sir, I need a T.C. now.
Headmaster : T.C. but why?
Shefad : My father is a govt. employee. Recently, he has been transferred from Dhaka to Comilla.
Headmaster : Has he shifted the family to Comilla?
Shefad : Yes, sir.
Headmaster : Do you have any relative in Dhaka?
Shefad : No sir.
Headmaster : You are really in problem. Have you brought the application?
Shefad : Yes, sir. Here it is
Headmaster : Is your payment up to date? Do you have the library clearance?
Shefad : Yes, sir, Everything is OK. The copy of the transfer order is also with the application
Headmaster : I am granting your prayer Go to office assistant He will do everything needful.

71. Rahat :  Hi Fahad. What are you doing this evening.

Fahad :  Im not sure. Why?

Rahat :  Lets go to the cinema.

Fahad :  Sorry I went to see Bihongo yesterday. Id like to do something else.

Rahat :  Lets go to see a different film this evening.

Fahad :  Well i usually go only about once in two or three months.

Rahat :  Oh you are getting old and boring man.

72. Kamal : Ive lost my watch. Have you seen it anywhere

Jamal : No, but if I find it Ill tell you.Kamal : It’s a gift from my father. It’s been so important for me!

Jamal : When did you lose it

Kamal : Most probably during the off-period.

Jamal : Does it have a leather strap?

Kamal : Oh, yes Have you seen it?

Jamal : I havent seen it, but I heard Karim saying something about a watch with a leather strap.

Kamal : Whats his room number?

Jamal : Most probably 230. Go to the first floor of the main hostel. It’s on the right side of the stairs.

Kamal : Thank you so much, dear

Jamal : Youre welcome.

Kamal : Best of luck.

73. Teacher : Amin do you know how to operate a computer

Amin : Sir I am learning.

Teacher : When did you start training

Amin : Only two days back Sir.

Teacher : Be confident Don’t be shy. Can you see the programme

Amin : Yes, Sir, It is well planned.

Teacher : There is your friend Hasan Look at him.

Amin : He is also having training under Mr. Rakib only from yesterday.

Teacher : How much time will you take

Amin : I will take only 30 minutes Sir.

Teacher : Our Principal will go round all the computer classes today.

Amin : Yes, Sir, We are happy to meet him.

74. Interviewer: So why should we employ you?

Interviewee: I’m young energetic enthusiastic and hardworking moreover I can take pressure.

Interviewer: Well, your academic qualification is not so good.

Interviewee: Is academic qualification everything sir

Interviewer: Anyway, why did you leave your previous job.

Interviewee: The salary was poor compared to what I had to do.

Interviewer: So, what is your demand for this job?

Interviewee: Whatever you think is the for me.

75. Customer : Do you have something to drink

Waiter : Hot or cold Sir

Customer : Give me something hot

Waiter : What would you like to have, Sir?Tea coffee milk or hot chocolate?

Customer : Hot chocolate sounds interesting. Bring a cup of hot chocolate.

Waiter : Anything else Sir

Customer : No thanks.

76. Aman : How are you

Amy : I am fine what about you

Aman : I am also well what are you reading in the newspaper

Amy : I am reading a report on Eve teasing

Aman : What is it

Amy : Its a present social problem

Aman : Thank you

Amy : Welcome

77. Patient : Good evening, doctor.

Doctor : Good evening. Come and sit here please.

Patient : Thank You, doctor.

Doctor : Now, whats your problem.

Patient : I’ve been suffering from an acute pain of a tooth for three days.

Doctor : Have you taken any medicine.

Patient : I’ve taken some painkillers.

Doctor : You’re wrong. You have a bad tooth And you need to remove it.

Patient : Please, do whatever you think necessary, doctor.

Doctor : First I shall push you an injection. You’ll have to wait for a few minutes. Then I shall extract your bad tooth. You’ll feel no pain at all.

Patient : Is it doctor? Then do it immediately. I can bear it no longer.

Doctor : OK, let me do it.

78. Father : Hurrah my son is coming first.

Mother : Ok let him finish the race because anything may happen at any moment.

Father : What do you mean my son’s mother? He will be certainly first in this event I assume.

Mother : Remember the case of the last year he just fell down before touching the finishing point we had to take him to hospital.

Father : You are always pessimistic I see. Please try to be optimist. If there is no optimism the life becomes meaningless.

Mother : Well I will never show any pessimism henceforth.

79. Tania : Could you tell me what you are doing after the exams Moloy

Moloy : I have a plan of going on a holiday trip at Cox’s Bazar

Tania : Cox’s Bazar Really Could you tell me who you are going with?

Moloy : With my parents. Would you tell me about your plan after exams?

Tania : No we have no certain plan We may go to our village home at Lalmanirhat

Moloy : Its a nice plan. Thank you Bye.

80. Afroja : Excuse me Where is the nearest hospital

Proggya : Its at least 5 Kilometers away from here You will have to hire a taxi You can also go by bus.

Afroja : I see Is there a bus station near here

Proggya : Yes there is a bus stop at the corner.

Afroja : Thank you.

Proggya : Youre welcome

81. Raju : Hey What’s up long time no see

Nabil : Howre you it’s been long since we met. Good to see you.

Raju : I’m fine. Where do you live now

Nabil : At Lalmatia in Dhaka.

Raju : Really! I also live in Dhaka now

Nabil : Where in Dhaka

Raju : Dhanmondi do you know this place?

Nabil : Yes I do.

82. Mitali : Hello, Afroja Can you tell me the greatest social malady of Bangladesh today?

Afroja : Of course it is nothing but the dowry system.

Mitali : Right youreAfroja : Even the act has failed to check the nasty practice.

Mitali : How shameful Actually brides are sold like cattle, Love dignity and respect  everything stands farcical in our society.

Afroja : We feel sorry when we see parents of the brides selling everything to get their daughter married.

Mitali : Whats more is that young brides have to commit suicide when the torture becomes inhuman.

Afroja : Will there be no end to this practice

Mitali : Proper education and employment of women can change the scenario.

Afroja : Its too far. Lets be optimists.

Capitalization and Punctuation

Rules in Capitalization

1. Capitalize the first word in a sentence.

2. Capitalize the names and nicknames of people.

3. Capitalize geographic names. Indian Ocean, Hawaii, Empire State Building

4. Capitalize the pronoun I.

5. Capitalize the names of days and months. Tuesday, October

6. Capitalize the names of national, religious, and local holidays. Memorial Day, Easter, Founder’s Day, Christmas

7. Capitalize proper adjectives. French, Chinese

8. Capitalize titles used with names. General Bradshaw, Mrs. Rima

9. Capitalize the first word in the greeting or closing of a letter. Dear friends, Yours truly

10. Capitalize the first, last, and all the main words in the title of a book, movie, song, magazine, play, newspaper, or television show. Harry Potter and the Sorcerer’s Stone , “The National Anthem”

11. Capitalize the names of organizations, associations, or teams and their members. American Red Cross, Parent-Teacher Association

12. Capitalize historical events, documents, and periods of time. Boston Tea Party, Declaration of Independence, Stone Age (Civil War, Middle Ages, Medal of Honor)

13. Capitalize initials or abbreviations that stand for names and also abbreviations of titles and organizations. (Dallas, Texas, Fulton County, Africa, America, AR, TX)

14. Capitalize the first word of a quoted sentence. He said, ’I go to college daily.’ She said, ’My brother will come here tomorrow.’ The man said, ’I do not take tea’.

15. Do not capitalize names of seasons. Love autumn colors and spring flowers. Philippines have summer and rainy seasons.

16. Capitalize the names of avenues, streets, roads, highways, routes, and post offices boxes. (Main Street, Dhaka Road, Highway 89, Rt. 1 Box 2, P.O. Box 45)

17. Capitalize the names of lakes, rivers, oceans, mountain ranges, deserts, parks, stars, planets, and constellations.

18. Capitalize the names of schools and specific school courses. (Rotary High School, Mathematics II, World History)

19. Capitalize North, South, East and West when they refer to sections of the country. (up North, live in the East, out West)

20. Capitalize names of pets, companies, buildings, ships, planes, space ships, things, products, organizations, proper adjectives: (Spot Tweedy Bird etc, Campbell’s soup, Kelly’s chili Ford cars, Empire State Building, Titanic, The Big Tire Co. etc.)

 

Rules on Punctuation

1. Comma (,)

a. Use commas to separate independent clauses in a sentence.

Example: The game was over, but the crowd refused to leave. Yesterday was her brother’s birthday, so she took him out to dinner.

b. Use commas after introductory words, phrases, or clauses that come before the main clause.

Examples: While I was eating, the cat scratched at the door.  If you are ill, you ought to see a doctor.

c. Use a pair of commas to separate an aside from the main body of the sentence.

Example: John and Mim, the couple from next door, are coming for dinner tonight.

d. Use commas to set off all geographical names, items in dates (except the month and day), addresses (except the street number and name), and titles in names.

e. Use a comma to shift between the main discourse and a quotation.

Example: I said without emotion, “I’ll see you tomorrow.” “I was able,” she answered, “To complete the assignment.”

 

2. Period (.)

a. The primary use of a period is to end a sentence.

Example: It is very important for your professional growth.

b. Its second important use is for abbreviations.

Examples: M.A., Mr. Jasim was happy to see his wife.

 

3. Question Mark (?)

It goes at the end of a sentence which is a question.

Examples: What can you do for the company? How can you be an asset? Are youhappy?

 

4. Exclamation Point (!)

This is used in ending extreme emotions expressed in a sentence.

Example: Ouch! Fire! Fire!

 

5. Quotation marks (“ ”)

a. Quotation marks are used to quote another person’s words exactly, whether they be spoken, or written.

Examples: Jitu said, “We are going shopping.”  Nitu said, “I have done it.”

b. Quotation marks are used to denote irony or sarcasm, or to note something unusual about it.

Example: The great march of “progress” has left millions impoverished and hungry.

 

6. Colon (:)

a. Colon is used after a complete statement in order to introduce one or more directly related ideas, such as a series of directions, a list, or a quotation or other comment illustrating or explaining the statement.

Example: The daily newspaper contains four sections: news, sports, entertainment, and classified ads.

b. Colon is used to separate chapter and verse from the bible or to separate hours, minutes, and seconds

Example: John 1:212. 09:25:12

 

7. Semicolon (;)

a. Use a semicolon to join related independent clauses in compound sentences.

Example: Jim worked hard to earn his degree; consequently, he was certain to achieve a distinction. Jane overslept by three hours; she was going to be late for work again.

b. Used to separate items in a series if the elements of the series already include commas.

 

8. Apostrophe (’)

a. to form possessives of nouns.    

Example: the boy’s hat. three day’s journey

b. to show the omission of letters.

Example: He’ll go = He will go. could’ve = could have

c. to form plurals.                         

Example: Mind your p’s and q’s.

 

9. Parentheses ( )

Occasionally and sparingly used for extra, nonessential material included in a sentence.

 

10. Hyphen or dash (-)

a. Use a hyphen to join two or more words serving as a single adjective before a noun.

Example: chocolate-covered peanuts, Two-storey house

b. Use a hyphen with compound numbers.

Example: Forty-five, Sixty-two

c. Use a hyphen with the prefixes ex- (meaning former), self-, all-; with the suffix -elect; between a prefix and a capitalized word; and with figures or letters.

Example: ex-husband, T-shirt

d. Use the dash to emphasize a point or to set off an explanatory comment; but don’t overuse dashes, or they will lose their impact; typically represented on a computer by two hyphens with no spaces before, after, or between the hyphens.

Example: To some of you, my proposals may seem radical – even revolutionary.

e. Used for an appositive phrase that already includes commas.

Example: The boys–Jim, John, and Jamal–left the party early.

Capitalization and Punctuation

Rules in Capitalization

1. Capitalize the first word in a sentence.

2. Capitalize the names and nicknames of people.

3. Capitalize geographic names. Indian Ocean, Hawaii, Empire State Building

4. Capitalize the pronoun I.

5. Capitalize the names of days and months. Tuesday, October

6. Capitalize the names of national, religious, and local holidays. Memorial Day, Easter, Founder’s Day, Christmas

7. Capitalize proper adjectives. French, Chinese

8. Capitalize titles used with names. General Bradshaw, Mrs. Rima

9. Capitalize the first word in the greeting or closing of a letter. Dear friends, Yours truly

10. Capitalize the first, last, and all the main words in the title of a book, movie, song, magazine, play, newspaper, or television show. Harry Potter and the Sorcerer’s Stone , “The National Anthem”

11. Capitalize the names of organizations, associations, or teams and their members. American Red Cross, Parent-Teacher Association

12. Capitalize historical events, documents, and periods of time. Boston Tea Party, Declaration of Independence, Stone Age (Civil War, Middle Ages, Medal of Honor)

13. Capitalize initials or abbreviations that stand for names and also abbreviations of titles and organizations. (Dallas, Texas, Fulton County, Africa, America, AR, TX)

14. Capitalize the first word of a quoted sentence. He said, ’I go to college daily.’ She said, ’My brother will come here tomorrow.’ The man said, ’I do not take tea’.

15. Do not capitalize names of seasons. Love autumn colors and spring flowers. Philippines have summer and rainy seasons.

16. Capitalize the names of avenues, streets, roads, highways, routes, and post offices boxes. (Main Street, Dhaka Road, Highway 89, Rt. 1 Box 2, P.O. Box 45)

17. Capitalize the names of lakes, rivers, oceans, mountain ranges, deserts, parks, stars, planets, and constellations.

18. Capitalize the names of schools and specific school courses. (Rotary High School, Mathematics II, World History)

19. Capitalize North, South, East and West when they refer to sections of the country. (up North, live in the East, out West)

20. Capitalize names of pets, companies, buildings, ships, planes, space ships, things, products, organizations, proper adjectives: (Spot Tweedy Bird etc, Campbell’s soup, Kelly’s chili Ford cars, Empire State Building, Titanic, The Big Tire Co. etc.)

Rules on Punctuation

1. Comma (,)

a. Use commas to separate independent clauses in a sentence.

Example: The game was over, but the crowd refused to leave. Yesterday was her brother’s birthday, so she took him out to dinner.

b. Use commas after introductory words, phrases, or clauses that come before the main clause.

Examples: While I was eating, the cat scratched at the door.  If you are ill, you ought to see a doctor.

c. Use a pair of commas to separate an aside from the main body of the sentence.

Example: John and Mim, the couple from next door, are coming for dinner tonight.

d. Use commas to set off all geographical names, items in dates (except the month and day), addresses (except the street number and name), and titles in names.

e. Use a comma to shift between the main discourse and a quotation.

Example: I said without emotion, “I’ll see you tomorrow.” “I was able,” she answered, “To complete the assignment.”

2. Period (.)

a. The primary use of a period is to end a sentence.

Example: It is very important for your professional growth.

b. Its second important use is for abbreviations.

Examples: M.A., Mr. Jasim was happy to see his wife.

3. Question Mark (?)

It goes at the end of a sentence which is a question.

Examples: What can you do for the company? How can you be an asset? Are youhappy?

4. Exclamation Point (!)

This is used in ending extreme emotions expressed in a sentence.

Example: Ouch! Fire! Fire!

5. Quotation marks (“ ”)

a. Quotation marks are used to quote another person’s words exactly, whether they be spoken, or written.

Examples: Jitu said, “We are going shopping.”  Nitu said, “I have done it.”

b. Quotation marks are used to denote irony or sarcasm, or to note something unusual about it.

Example: The great march of “progress” has left millions impoverished and hungry.

6. Colon (:)

a. Colon is used after a complete statement in order to introduce one or more directly related ideas, such as a series of directions, a list, or a quotation or other comment illustrating or explaining the statement.

Example: The daily newspaper contains four sections: news, sports, entertainment, and classified ads.

b. Colon is used to separate chapter and verse from the bible or to separate hours, minutes, and seconds

Example: John 1:212. 09:25:12

7. Semicolon (;)

a. Use a semicolon to join related independent clauses in compound sentences.

Example: Jim worked hard to earn his degree; consequently, he was certain to achieve a distinction. Jane overslept by three hours; she was going to be late for work again.

b. Used to separate items in a series if the elements of the series already include commas.

8. Apostrophe (’)

a. to form possessives of nouns.    

Example: the boy’s hat. three day’s journey

b. to show the omission of letters.

Example: He’ll go = He will go. could’ve = could have

c. to form plurals.                         

Example: Mind your p’s and q’s.

9. Parentheses ( )

Occasionally and sparingly used for extra, nonessential material included in a sentence.

10. Hyphen or dash (-)

a. Use a hyphen to join two or more words serving as a single adjective before a noun.

Example: chocolate-covered peanuts, Two-storey house

b. Use a hyphen with compound numbers.

Example: Forty-five, Sixty-two

c. Use a hyphen with the prefixes ex- (meaning former), self-, all-; with the suffix -elect; between a prefix and a capitalized word; and with figures or letters.

Example: ex-husband, T-shirt

d. Use the dash to emphasize a point or to set off an explanatory comment; but don’t overuse dashes, or they will lose their impact; typically represented on a computer by two hyphens with no spaces before, after, or between the hyphens.

Example: To some of you, my proposals may seem radical – even revolutionary.

e. Used for an appositive phrase that already includes commas.

Example: The boys–Jim, John, and Jamal–left the party early.

Synonym and Antonym

Synonym and Antonym

What is Synonyms and antonyms?

Synonyms and antonyms of any language not only enrich the language but also accelerate its natural flow. By the use of synonyms one can avoid the boring repetition of any word or expression. Synonyms and antonyms can also enhance one’s vocabulary knowledge of a language.

Synonyms: Synonyms are those words or expressions that have the same meaning or nearly the same meaning in the same language. For example – liberty, liberation, freedom, independence and emancipation are all synonyms of each other.

Antonyms: Antonyms are those words or expressions that have the opposite meaning. For example – the antonym of ‘independence’ is ‘dependence’.

Word

Synonyms

Antonyms

Outer

exterior, external, 

outside, outward

inner, interior, central,

inside, inward, internal

Proletarian

poor/needy

eminent, illustrious, 

notable, prominent

Launch

propulsion, inaugurate,

initiate, introduce, pioneer,

end, finish, halt, 

stop, terminate

Prepare

ready, prep

 stop, halt

Began

 

finished

Faultless

 

faulty

Nausea

sickness/vomiting

 

Discomfort

comfort

 

Maintain

keep/manage

 

Later

 

earlier

Dynamic

 

Static

Plan

 

Aimlessness

Aim

Goal

 

Direction

Aim/goal/target

 

Profession

Career/occupation

 

Suit

 

Misadjust/mismatch

Aptitude

 

Apathy/averseness

Vary

 

Differ

Educate

Teach

 

Citizen

 

Non-citizen/non-native

Virtue

quality

 

A lot

Much/huge

 

Courteous

Discourteous

 

Discourtesy

Impoliteness

 

Win

 

Lose

Enemy

Foe

 

Ensure

Confirm/assure

 

Anger

 

satisfaction

Remove

Eliminate/abolish

 

Cordiality

 

Unfriendliness/insincerity/

heartlessness

Different

Dissimilar/unlike

 

Seek

search/aim/try

 

Eager

 

Uneager

Observation

Experience

 

Mere

 

Ample/ huge

Alert

Attentive/ aware

 

Latent

 

Overt/ apparent

Instructor

Teacher/advisor

 

Guide

 

Misguide/mislead

Way

Course/path/mode

 

Fascinating

 

Unattractive/boring

Interest

 

Curiosity/enthusiasm

Impatient

 

Patient

Immoral

Unethical

 

Contain

Possess/ consist

 

Illogical

 

Logical

Indifferent

Careless/inattentive

 

Perfect

 

Imperfect

Instructive

Educative/informative

 

Ethical

 

Unethical/immoral

Good looking

Beautiful/attractive/

pretty/charming

 

Dark

Black

 

Flawless

Perfect/spotless

 

Shiny

 

Dull/dark

Slender

 

Fat/bulky

Graceful

Beautiful/fine

 

Stylish

 

Unfashionable

Appreciate

 

Depreciate

Notice

 

Neglect

Ambition

Desire/ Goal/dream

 

Require

Need

 

Proficiency

 

Inefficiency/incompetence

Wonder

Surprise

 

Tested

Assessed/checked

 

Equally

 

Unequally

Disappointing

Frustrating

 

Presumably

 

Certainly/ surely/ obviously

Qualify

 

Disqualify

Obviously

 

Uncertainly/probably

Wrong

incorrect

 

Ideal

Model/ perfect

 

Master

Genius

 

Make

 

Destroy/ruin/spoil

Method

Way/ process

 

Convincing

 

Unconvincing

Praise

 

Criticize

Mistake

Error/fault

 

Angry

 

Pleased/satisfied

Simple

 

Critical/complex

Moral

Ethical

 

Unique

 

Common/general

Mighty

 

Weak/ powerless

Humanity

Humankind/mankind

 

Reliable

 

unreliable

Valuable

 

Valueless

Ritual

Custom/tradition/

ceremony/practice

 

Worthless

Useless/valueless

 

Loneliness

Isolation/singleness

 

Ailment

sickness

 

Happiness

 

Unhappiness/sorrow/sadness

Popular

 

Unpopular/ notorious/

infamous/

Form

Type/ kind

 

Entertainment

Amusement/ recreation

 

Organize

arrange

 

Sponsor

Patronize/donate

 

Multinational

 

national

Pay

 

Receive/take/accept

Watch

Enjoy/see/view

 

Maximum

 

minimum

Recognition

 

Denial/ignorance/refusal

People

Men/public/

persons/folk

 

Conservative

 

Liberal/modern/

open-minded/ generous

Early

 

Late/delayed

Believe

 

Trust/rely

World

Earth/globe

 

All

 

nothing

Poverty

 

richness

Sufferings

hardship/troubles

/miseries

 

Overcome

win/succeed

 

Same

 

Opposite/different/various

Obviously

clearly/certainly/surely

 

Prestige

honour/fame/dignity

 

National

Local/domestic

 

Unique

 

Common/ ordinary/ general

Native

 

Foreign

Variety

diversity

 

Emerge

 

Disappear / vanish

Control

 

uncontrol

Important

significant

 

Intelligibility

 

unintelligibility/Obscurity/

ambiguity

Success

 

Failure

Job

Work/service/

employment

 

Great

 

Common/ignoble/ordinary

Because

since/as

 

Know

learn/realize/

understand

 

Follow

 

Disobey/ neglect/ violate

Rule

Principle/law/order

 

Never

 

always

Victory

Triumph/win/success

 

Desirable

 

Undesirable/unwanted/unexpected

Liberation

Freedom/liberty/

independence

 

Brutal

 

kind

Massacre

Genocide

 

Human

 

Inhuman

Located

 

dislocated

Called

Named/ termed

 

Surrounded

Encircled/ occupied

 

Started

 

Ended/finished/completed

Killed

murdered

 

Largest

 

Smallest

Fertile

Productive

 

Industrious

 

Lazy

Ceaselessly

Continuously

 

Lazy

Idle

 

Love

 

Hate

Strong

powerful

 

Moving

 

Stagnant/ still/ static

Respect

honour

 

Grateful

 

Ungrateful

Devotion

dedication

 

Perplexing

 

Pleasing

Upsetting

 

Encouraging

Imperialism

Colonialism

 

Evil

 

Good

Sooner

 

later

Chucked

resigned

 

Better

 

worse

Theoretically

Impractically

 

Secretly

Privately

 

Oppressor

Suppressor/ torturer

 

Accepted

 

Unaccepted/ Rejected

Sincerity

 

insincerity

Responsibility

duty

 

Complexity

 

simplicity

Envy

 

love

Vice

Sin

virtue

Impact

effect/ influence

 

Outcome

result

 

Importance

significance/ necessity

 

Awareness

consciousness

 

Never

 

always

Weaker

 

stronger

Discourage

 

encourage

Frustrating

disappointing

 

Interest

eagerness/curiosity

 

Ability

capability

 

Dream

vision/aim

 

Best

 

worst

Success

 

failure

Achieve

attain/gain

 

Friend

 

foe/enemy

Need

 

Ignore/avoid

Sympathy

pity/kindness/love

 

Prove

justify/ show

 

False

 

true

Harm

 

help/assist/benefit

Laugh

 

cry

Pleasure

happiness/joy

 

Bring

fetch/carry/collect

 

Idea

concept/notion/thought

 

Allow

permit

 

Freedom

independence/

liberation

 

Opinion

view

 

Fair

 

unfair/ugly

Equal

 

unequal/discriminatory

Division

 

unity

Elect

select

 

System

method

 

Treatment

cure

 

Facility

advantage

 

Good

 

bad

Speaker

orator/lecturer/narrator

 

Recitation

narration/pronunciation

 

Impossible

 

possible

Lazy

 

industrious/ active

Sincerity

honesty

 

Seriousness

importance

 

Possible

 

impossible

Intention

will/purpose/desire

 

Shine

prosper

 

Precious

 

valueless

Glitter

shining

 

Attract

fascinate

 

Outward

 

inward

Recognize

know

 

Fascinate

attract

 

Glamour

 

unattractiveness

Shine

 

fade/ darken

Intrinsic

inherent/ inborn

 

Morality

 

immorality

Consist

comprise

 

Narrow

 

broad/wide

Include

 

exclude

Aquatic

watery

 

Successful

prosperous

 

Broad

 

narrow

Habitat

home

 

Inconspicuous

unnoticeable

 

Certain

 

uncertain

Employed

used/ applied

 

Curse

 

blessing

Cause

 reason

 

Ignorance

 

knowledge/ literacy

Frustrates

hampers/discourages

 

Development

advancement

 

Succeed

prosper/ progress

 

Eradicated

 

uneradicated

Vast

 

small

Undoubtedly

certainly

 

Gigantic

 

tiny

Group

 

individual/separate

Dynamic

 

inactive/lethargic

Enthusiasm

eagerness/earnestness

 

Grow

 

compress/shrink

Real

 

artificial/fake

Banquet

dinner/feast

 

Entered

 

exited/came out

Decorated

adorned/embellished

 

Gazed

stared/looked

 

Center

midpoint/core

 

Abandon

abdicate, leave, quit,

desert, discard

chase, follow, undertake,

accept

Accumulate

assemble, gather, collect,

store, hoard, congregate,

rally

disperse, scatter,

spread, dissipate, distribute

Adverse

antagonistic, unfavourable,

critical, hostile, negative,

unkind, censorious

favourable, propitious,

appropriate, advantageous,

congenial

Alarming

frightful, terrible, fearful,

 ominous

hopeful, bright, auspicious

Animosity

enmity, hostility,

antagonism, aversion,

antipathy, acrimony, grudge, Resentment,

vindictiveness

amity, love, friendliness,

sympathy,cordiality

good will, sweetness,

Annihilate

destroy, suppress, cancel,

extinguish

establish, support, promote, make,

build, produce, found

Apparent

clear, visible, obvious, evident, manifest

hidden, obscure, secret, covert,

 latent

Arrogance

haughtiness, pride, conceit,

egotism

modesty, politeness, humanity

Auspicious

favourable, suitable,

propitious, happy,

fortunate, opportune,

good, promising

unfavourable, inauspicious,

hopeless, unhappy, unlucky

Bankrupt

insolvent, destitute,

indigent, ruined

rich, well-off, solvent, prosperous

Barren

infertile, unproductive,

sterile, bleak

fertile, productive

Beneficial

useful, helpful, valuable,

positive

useless, harmful, detrimental

Benevolent

generous, kind, merciful,

charitable, gracious

cruel, unkind, inhuman,

malicious, selfish

Bonafide

genuine, real, sincere,

authentic, legitimate,

actual, true, valid, legal

bogus, false, inauthentic,

 counterfeit

Boring

dull, uninteresting,

tedious, troublesome, monotonous, dreary, lackluster, Tiresome

interesting, enjoyable, amusing,

pleasant, delightful

Brevity

shortness, conciseness,

pithiness, terseness,

succinctness, concision

lengthiness, verbosity,

grandiloquence

Buoyant

floating, hopeful,

cheerful, lively, vivacious,

afloat, lighthearted, upbeat, Optimistic

depressed, cheerless,

moody,

joyless

Candid

frank, open, sincere,

straightforward, outspoken,

honest, sincere, truthful

reserved, insincere, enigmatic,

mysterious

Capricious

changeful, whimsical,

fanciful, freakish,

inconsistent, flexible

firm, rigid, constant, inflexible

Compulsory

obligatory, mandatory,

coercive

optional, voluntary, charitable

Complacent

pleased, satisfied, content, happy, smug, content

dissatisfied, unhappy,

discontented, anxious

Conducive

effective, productive, good,

useful, promotive,

beneficial, contributive

repugnant, preventive,

counteractive, destructive,

bad, injurious, harmful

Conspicious

distinguished, manifest,

visible, prominent,

famous, noticeable,

observable

obscure, invisible, inconspicuous

Cordial

warm, earnest, sincere, hearty,

loving, genial, affable,

friendly, amiable, Jovial

cold, insincere, distant, formal,

unfriendly, ceremonious

Decrease

abate, lower, curtail,

lessen, diminish, reduce,

wane, decline, cut, dwindle, Shrink

expand, increase, grow, extend,

enlarge, amplify, augment

Deliberate

intentional, willful,

planned, conscious,

purposeful, premeditated

unintentional, inadvertent,

unwilling, unwitting

Desirable

acceptable, proper, suitable,

advisable

objectionable, undesirable,

 improper, evil, unadvisable

Destroy

annihilate, ruin, obliterate,

demolish, undo, subvert,

overthrow, devastate

build, construct, create,

repair, make

Diligent

active, industrious,

hardworking, assiduous, attentive

indolent, lazy, idle, inactive

Direct

straight, quick, immediate,

prompt, instant, right away

indirect, slow, belated

Disperse

scatter, spread, disband,

diffuse, break up, dispel, dissipate

gather, assemble, collect,

meet, accumulate

Dreadful

fearful, terrible, horrible,

frightful, awful, alarming,

monstrous, shocking

pleasing, pleasant, delightful,

charming, hopeful, encouraging

Elegant

polished, refined, graceful,

decent, handsome, grand,

luxurious

coarse, rude, inelegant,

ungraceful,

simple, vulgar

Encourage

incite, stimulate, urge, impel,

inspire

prevent, discourage, dissuade,

deter, dishearten

Enthusiasm

zeal, passion, eagerness, interest, keenness,

fervour, zest

contempt, indifference,

callousness, coldness, repugnance

Ephemeral

fugitive, momentary,

transient, temporary,

fleeting, evanescent,

mortal

permanent, eternal, perpetual,

immortal, perennial

Fascinate

charm, attract, captivate, enthrall, affect, mesmerize, absorb

bore, irritate, disturb, disgust

Fatal

mortal, deadly, destructive, dangerous, calamitous, harmful, serious, grave

harmless, wholesale, notorious, constructive, beneficial

Feeble

faint, weak, vain, frail,

scanty, forceless, nerveless

strong, robust, active,

vigorous, muscular

Fertile

productive, prolific, fecund,

conducive

barren, sterile, ineffective,

unproductive, fruitless, infertile

Flexible

plaint, supple, elastic,

changeable, ductile, lithe,

bendy, bendable

hard, rigid, inflexible, tough,

inelastic

Frivolous

silly, trivial, petty,

worthless, trifling

serious, grave, earnest, important

Gallant

bold, brave, courageous, valiant, heroic, fearless, chivalrous

cowardly, timid, churlish, fearful

Generous

liberal, lavish, kind, 

cordial, magnanimous,

open-hearted, bountiful

mean, niggardly, miserly,

churlish, selfish, closefisted

Gorgeous

pompous, grand,

magnificent, splendid,

superb, costly

cheap, simple, colourless,

threadbare, dingy

Gratify

please, satisfy,

gladden, reward

displease, disappoint, dishearten, dissatisfy, sadden

Guess

suppose, conjecture,

surmise, imagine,

infer, predict

examine, prove, investigate,

deduce, establish

Handsome

beautiful, lovely,

pretty, graceful,

elegant, comely

ugly, ill-looking, unattractive,

unpleasant, horrible

Haphazard

chaotic, confusing,

disorderly, unsystematic, unmethodical

organized, systematic,

planned, methodical

Hazard

peril, risk, danger,

jeopardy

safety, security, protection,

certainty

Hinder

retard, debar, block, 

embarrass, prevent,

impede, thwart,  interrupt,

stop, Obstruct

enable, promote, expedite,

facilitate, accelerate

Hypocrisy

affectation, deception,

pretension, falsification,

duplicity

honesty, sincerity, integrity,

uprightness

Ignoble

mean, base, detestable,

shameful, dishonourable

exalted, lofty, grand, eminent,

illustrious, brilliant, notable

Impediment

block, hindrance, obstacle, obstruction

support, succour, aid, help,

assistance

Inclement

severe, rough, harsh, cruel, rigorous, awful, tyrannical

genial, mild, clement, merciful,

benign

Indifference

coolness, carelessness,

apathy, callousness, insensibility

eagerness, interest, affection,

ardour, zeal, enthusiasm

Indulgent

tolerant, complaint,

tender, affectionate

severe, harsh, rough, cruel,

intolerant

Jealous

envious, covetous,

suspicious, wary,

grudging, resentful

unenvious, satisfied, liberal

Judicious

thoughtful, sagacious, expedient, prudent,

sensible, discreet, wise 

indiscreet, unwise, silly, rash,

foolish, inexpedient, imprudent

Juvenile

young, youthful, childish, boyish, girlish, immature, adolescent

senile, mature, manly, womanly,

adult, aged

Kindly

warmly, cordially,

gently, generously,

politely, patiently, sympathetically

cruelly, impolitely, harshly,

rudely, mercilessly

Knowledgeable

educated, learned,

experienced, intelligent, scholarly

ignorant, uneducated, unaware,

foolish, stupid, inexperienced

Laconic

curt, terse, epigrammatic, reticent

wordy, eloquent,

circumlocutory

Languid

spiritless, exhausted,

flagging, pining, drooping

active, strong, healthy,

robust, vigorous

Lengthen

prolong, extend, expand, increase, continue, stretch

curtail, shorten, reduce,

decrease, belittle, abbreviate

Liberal

copious, bountiful, catholic, bounteous, progressive, moderate, generous

conservative, traditional,

narrow-minded, bigoted, mean, 

Ludicrious

funny, ridiculous, farcical, comic, comical, laughable

tragic, serious, grave, sad,

doleful, mournful, somber

Mediocre

average, commonplace, medium, ordinary,

second-rate, middling

distinctive, exceptional,

extraordinary, brilliant,

excellent, superior

Miserable

wretched, despicable, abject, forlorn, pitiable, worthless, sad, intolerable

happy, worthy, comfortable,

respectable, delightful,

pleasant

Modesty

humility, purity, bashfulness, politeness, diffidence, sobriety

vanity, conceit, effrontery, shamelessness, wantonness

Musty

stale, outdated, obsolete, fetid, rank, fusty, mildewed

balmy, fresh, odorous,

fragrant, aromatic

Naughty

bad, wicked, disobedient, mischievous, roguish

ambiguous, cloudy, hazy,

imprecise, indistinct, misty,

obscure, vague

Nervous

shaky, jumpy, timid,

anxious, hesitant

good, mild, polite, obedient, well-behaved

Nebulous

clear, certain, precise,

distinct, bright

brave, courageous, bold,

confident, valiant, calm, cool

Nominal

so-called, symbolic, titular, trivial, insignificant

actual, genuine, real,

important, essential,

substantial

Object

oppose, disapprove, argue, complain, protest, refuse

accept, approve, agree

Objectionable

unpleasant, unacceptable, offensive, obnoxious, disagreeable, detestable, Despicable

pleasant, acceptable,

agreeable, welcome

Oblivious

ignorant, negligent,

unaware, careless,

heedless, unconscious

aware, conscious, observant,

mindful

Obscene

bawdy, coarse, indecent,

filthy, foul, gross, lewd, licentious, offensive

clean, decent, decorous,

wholesome, pure

Obsolete

old, ancient, out-dated, outmoded, outworn, old-fashioned

current, new, modern,

up-to-date, contemporary

Pacify

calm down, soothe, appease, tranquilise, mollify, placate

excite, irritate, rouse,

exasperate, agitate, provoke

Pastime

diversion, sport, recreation, entertainment, amusement

work, labour, business,

occupation, profession

Perilous

dangerous, hazardous,

risky, unsafe, horrible,

terrible, fearful

secure, safe, sound, certain,

comfortable

Permit

approve, let, allow,

authorize, encourage,

content, sanction

disallow, stop, prevent,

check, forbid, prohibit

Perverse

wick, mean, untoward, stubborn, immoral,  unmanageable, Intractable, vicious, bad, wayward

docile, ductile, amenable,

governable, manageable,

complacent

Precious

costly, valuable, dear, expensive, priceless, prized

cheap, worthless, inexpensive,

valueless, ordinary, base

Qualified

competent, suitable, eligible, capable, efficient,

experienced, able, proficient, Talented

unqualified, unable,

inexperienced, incapable,

incompetent, unskilled

Queer

strange, abnormal, odd, eccentric, curious, crazy, unnatural, peculiar

common, ordinary, usual,

natural, familiar,

customary, normal

Quite

wholly, truly, altogether, entirely, totally, completely, perfectly, fairly

barely, hardly, partially, scarcely

Rapid

swift, speedy, fast, prompt, hasty

slow, lazy, tardy, sluggish,

leisurely, belated

Rebuke

chide, reprove, censure, reprimand, scold, admonish, reproach

praise, commend, admire,

encourage, applaud,

appreciate, eulogise

Reduce

lessen, diminish, decrease, curtail, shorten, contract, weaken

increase, expand, enlarge,

lengthen, extend, augment

Relish

taste, appetite, zest, gusto, flavour

disrelish, disflavour,

nauseousness, insipidity

Remedy

redress, relief, cure,

solution, treatment,

antidote, reparation

malady, disease, sickness,

 infection, illness

Repeal

abolish, cancel, annul,

revoke, abrogate,

rescind, discontinue

sanction, enact, continue,

establish, pass, confirm

Rustic

awkward, boorish,

clumsy, pastoral,

uncouth, uncultured,

rough, rural

polished, refined, cultured,

sophisticated, urban

Sacred

holy, heavenly, religious,

divine, blessed, solemn,

devout, godly

mundane, profane, irreligious,

secular, ungodly, temporal,

unholy

Satisfy

gratify, please, fulfill,

gladden, amuse, meet

fail, disappoint, displease, dissatisfy

Shabby

ragged, beggarly,

threadbare, dirty, paltry

smart, tidy, neat, clean,

fashionable

Solitary

lonely, isolated, secluded, deserted, uninhabited

populous, social, inhabited,

well-frequented

Tactful

careful, diplomatic, discreet, politic, skilful, prudent

careless, rude, tactless, impolitic, imprudent

Tangible

actual,definite, manifest, evident, concrete, positive, substantial, Material, real

intangible, abstract,

indefinite, untouchable

unreal, negative,

Terminate

cease, close, complete,

conclude, finish,

wind up, stop

begin, start, commence,

initiate

Unanimous

common, concerted, harmonious, joint,

united

discordant, divided,

disunited, split

Vacate

leave, quit, abandon,

withdraw, desert, evacuate

occupy, capture, enter,

fill, take

Weaken

dilute, impair, paralyse, debilitate, enfeeble

empower, confirm,

strengthen, invigorate

Zenith

acme, climax, height, peak, summit, top, vertex

nadir, bottom, depth,

lowest point

Antagonistic

Productive, Bountiful, Rich,

 

Audacity

Aggressive, Hostile,

Unfriendly, Intimidate

 

Indispensable

Important, Crucial, Vital, Necessary, Essential

 

Released

Free, Unrestricted, Open

Unconfined, Liberated

 

Fascinated

Enthralled, Captivated, Mesmerized, Rapt

 

Feasible

Realistic, Practical,

Reasonable, Convenient

 

Hygienic

Clean, Sterile, Germ-free, Sanitary

 

Amiable

Sociable, Friendly, Cordial, Kind

 

Eradicate

Eliminate, Destroy, Exterminate, Remove

 

Favourable

ympathetic, Constructive, Caring, Compassionate

 

Dulcet

Sweet, Melodious, Pleasant, Pleasurable, lovely

 

Honest

Truthful, Frank,

Candid, Open,

Sincere, Direct

 

Notorious

Infamous, Dishonourable, Wicked

 

Deliberate

Purposeful, Determined,

Firm, Dogged

 

Believable

 

Unbelievable, Amazing,

Incredible

Prudent

 

Reckless, Wild,

Careless, Hasty

Lethargic

 

Energetic, Active,

Vigorous, Bouncing

Immortality

 

Mortality, Death, Transience

Beneficial

 

Harmful, Damaging, Hurtful,

Dangerous

Pleased

 

Displeased, Discontented,

Unhappy, Unsatisfied

Peaceful

 

Violent, Brutal, Cruel, Vicious

Reticent

 

Talkative, Garrulous, Chatty,

Spendthrift

 

Calculative, Careful, Cautious

Infidel

 

Unfaithful, Traitorous, Disloyal

Aggravate

 

Develop, Extend,

Enlarge, Expand

Tentative

 

Exact, Sure

Filthy

 

Clean, Clear

Flattery

 

Insult, Abuse, Offense

Superficial

 

Interior, Inherent

Shabby

 

Clean, Fresh, Spotless

Serene

 

Bustling, Lively

Reticent

 

Talkative, Chatty, Garrolous

Relinquish

 

Join, Link, Unite

Refute

 

Prove, Establish, Verify,

Confirm

Omnipotent

 

Powerless, Helpless, Weak,

Incapable

Sanguine

 

Doubtful, Uncertain, Hesitate

Eradicate

 

Establish, Construct

Alleviate

 

Aggravate, Worsen

Deceptive

 

Honest, Frank, Candid

Peril

 

Safety, Security, Protection

Antipathy

 

Friendship, fellow feeling

Pacify

 

Antagonize, Irritate

Strange

Odd, weird, eccentric,

uncanny, peculiar

 

 Reveal

Disclose, Make public,

Expose, Make

known, Divulge

 

Momentous

Significant, Important,

Vital, Crucial, Meaningful

 

Durability

Stability, Strength,

Resilience, Permanence, Sturdiness

 

Unkempt

 

Clean, Fresh

Terseness

 

length, Span, Duration

Deteriorate

 

Improve, Recover, progress

Catastrophe

Disaster, Calamity,

Misfortune, Ruin,

Devastation, Tragedy

 

Diffuse

Distribute, Circulate,

Spread, Scatter, Disperse

 

Scarcity

Shortage, Lack, Dearth, Deficiency, Famine

 

Enduring

Stable, Lasting, Endure, Durable

 

Liberal

Open-minded,

Broad-minded,

Tolerant, Moderate, Freethinking,

Noninterventionist

 

Awkward

Uncomfortable, Discomfited, Embarrassed, ill at ease

 

Talkative

Garrulous, Loquacious, Chatty, Fluent, Glib

 

Clandestine

Secret, Underground, Concealed, Covert, Stealthy

 

Lucrative

Productive, Profitable, Rewarding, Worthwhile, Beneficial

 

Delicate

Fragile, Frail, Weak, Flimsy, Subtle, Insubstantial

 

Vigilant

Watchful, Cautious, Attentive, Alert, Heedful, Observant

 

Vulgar

Rude, Offensive, Crude, Naughty, Bad

 

Unanimous

Common, Agreed, Undisputed, Undivided

 

Artificial

 

Natural

Asleep

 

Awake

Advisable

Recommendable

 

Add

 

Reduce

Appear

seem

 

Allow

Permit

disallow

     
     
     

Read the passage and then write the antonym or synonym of the words as directed below. 

1. Spring is certainly the best season of the year. Most of the people are fond of this season. It is the favourite season of poets too. It is called the queen of seasons. Spring comes after the winter season. It begins from the middle of February and last till the middle of April. As the spring season sets in, the earth looks lovely and charming. The trees put forth new leaves. Nature looks charming. Many kinds of beautiful flowers bloom during this season.

(a) certainly (antonym); (b) season (synonym); (c) favourite (synonym); (d) come (antonym); (e) begin (synonym); (f) lasts (synonym); (g) lovely (antonym); (h) new (antonym); (i) look (synonym); (j) beautiful (antonym).

2.  Shahan is an affluent man now. Through hard work and devotion, he has managed to turn the wheels of fortune. He was an unemployed youth of an impoverished family. Through new knowledge, hard work and perseverance, he has brought prosperity to his family. Shahan first received training in vegetable cultivation. Then he got a lease of land in his village and applied his new and improved knowledge to cultivating vegetables. He earned taka 25,000 as profit that year. In the same way he bought some land and used it entirely to cultivate cauliflowers. He has also been raising hybrid cows for milk as well as to produce manure. Shahan’s lot has changed radically. He is now very happy to be a self-sufficient man.

(a) affluent (antonym); (b) manage (antonym); (c) turn (synonym); (d) fortune (synonym); (e) impoverish (antonym); (f) cultivate (synonym); (g) sufficient (synonym); (h) raise (synonym); (i) radically (antonym); (j) improve (antonym).

3.  Mrs. Alim loves to gossip. She lives in an apartment block. There are five more families in the building. She has an experienced cook, so she does not have to do any cooking. Almost everyday around eleven o’clock she goes to visit one of her neighbors in the other apartments mostly to gossip. Most of the housewives she visits do not have much house-help and they use this time to cook, clean or do other households. But Mrs. Alim does not seem to be bothered. She does not mind discussing the personal matters of one family with other.

(a) love (antonym); (b) live (synonym); (c) experienced (synonym); (d) visit (synonym); (e) gossip (synonym); (f) use (antonym); (g) clean (antonym); (h) households (synonym); (i) bothered (synonym); (j) personal (antonym).

4.  A library serves as the best source of knowledge both for the students and the teachers. It is a large collection of books. Among these there are books on courses that are taught in different classes. There are books on extracurricular subjects also. In the library newspapers and periodicals are also found. The library caters to the tastes of different people. Books are arranged in shelves in a definite order. There are library assistants who are also helpful for the readers. One head librarian looks after the library. So the readers do not have any problem in taking out the right book. There is also a reading room where silence prevails. One can also take books from the library for reading at home by submitting one’s library card to the librarian.

(a) source (synonym) (b) collection (synonym) (c) extracurricular ) (antonym) (d) arrange(synonym)  (e) definite (synonym (f) assistant (antonym) (g) problem (synonym) (synonym) (h) right (antonym) (i) silence (j) submit  (antonym)

5.  It is very natural that man loves his life most of all things and he wants to live or survive a bit longer at any cost. However, every year thousands of people commit suicide in Bangladesh. It is seen that most of the people committing suicide are those married women who depend on their husbands for their living. But why do they commit suicide when people love their lives most? Most probably, they decide to kill themselves because they feel entirely helpless and meaningless to live. The bitterness and sufferings of life become totally unbearable. However, the incident of suicide among the self-reliant women is very rare.

(a) natural (synonym); (b) love (antonym); (c) survive (synonym); (d) commit (synonym); (e) woman (synonym); (f) depend (synonym); (g) living (synonym); (h) entirely (synonym); (i) meaningless (antonym); (j) rare (antonym). 

6. The National Memorial is a symbol of the nation’s respect for the martyrs of the War of Liberation. It is located at Savar, Dhaka. Its foundation was laid on the first anniversary of the Victory Day in 1972. The entire complex covers an area of 126 acres. It will include a mosque, a library and a museum. The museum will preserve the relics of the Liberation War. There is a series of 7 towers that rise by stages to a height of 150 feet. These seven towers represent the seven heroes who made supreme sacrifice in the Liberation War. The height of the towers stands for the high sacrifice of every martyr. There are several graves of the martyrs close to the tower. Standing before the graves we bow down our heads in respect of their sacrifice.  

(a) liberation (synonym); (b) foundation (synonym); (c) entire (antonym); (d) cover (antonym); (e) include (antonym); (f) rise (antonym); (g) represent (synonym); (h) supreme (synonym); (i) before (antonym); (j) respect (antonym)

7.  Einstein was very simple in his ways of life. He was indifferent to his fame. Once the queen of Belgium invited him to Brussels. When he got down from the train, he could not think that there were actually many gorgeously dressed officials to receive him at the station. The officials also expected somebody who would appear to be rich and aristocratic to them. They never imagined that this shabby man would be Einstein.

(a) simple (synonym); (b) indifferent (synonym); (c) fame (antonym); (d) actually (synonym); (e) gorgeously (synonym); (f) receive (synonym); (g) expected (antonym); (h) rich (synonym); (i) aristocratic (synonym); (j) shabby (synonym).

8.  The effects of greenhouse effect are too many to be described. Its effects is very devastating and destructive. It effect is a dangerous threat to human existence and to animal and plant lives. Climatologists predict that by midway through this century temperature may have risen by as much as 4C. This could seriously reduce mankind’s ability to grow food, destroy or serverely damage wildlife and wilderness, raise sea levels and thereby flood coastal areas and farmland. Bangladesh is very much vulnerable to frequent natural disasters. Annual visitations of cyclones and floods are routine but nonetheless sudden and fatal in their wild rage. The yearly damages they leave behind are enormous. However, our people are accustomed to cyclones and floods. But another creeping disaster is gather in fury is the greenhouse effect for which the people are not prepared at all and the state appears to be taking no notice. It is the danger of rising sea level from the greenhouse effect.

(a) described (synonym); (b) destructive (antonym); (c) dangerous (antonym); (d) reduce (antonym); (e) vulnerable (antonym); (f) disasters (antonym); (g) damages (synonym); (h) enormous (synonym); (i) accustomed (synonym); (j) appear (antonym).

9.  Zahir Raihan was one of the most talented film makers in Bangladesh. He was born on 19 August 1935 in the village Majupur, in Feni district. He was an active worker of the Language Movement. He was one of the ten students to go out in a procession on 21 February 1952 despite a ban on such activities. As a result, he and many other were arrested and taken to prison. Zahir was also present at the historical meeting of Amtala on February 21, 1953. He also took pat in the mass movement in 1969. In 1971, he joined the Liberation War. All through his life, Zahir dreamt for a democratic society that will ensure freedom of speech and will. He had many dreams about our film industry too. He made a legendary film Jibon Theke Neya based on the Language Movement of 1952. It was a revolt against the then autocratic government.

Advertisement

(a) active (antonym); (b) many (antonym); (c) present (antonym); (d) mass (synonym); (e) join (antonym); (f) liberation (synonym); (g) democratic (antonym); (h) speech (antonym); (i) against (antonym); (j) autocratic (antonym).

10.  Globalisaion is now dependent on technology. The electronic transformation of information has quickened banking and financial activities. Some products like software and TV programmes are also amenable to digital or electronic transmission. Today we can buy and sell goods through the electronic screen. Last of all, computer has brought about a revolutionary change.

Now write synonyms or antonyms as directed and make sentences with them: 

(a) dependent (antonym); (b) quicker (synonym); (c) amenable (synonym); (d) buy (antonym); (e) revolutionary (synonym).

11.  Ismail Hossain is an affluent man now. Through hard work and devotion, he has managed to turn the wheels of fortune. He was an unemployed youth of an impoverished family from Ekdala village in Natore Sadar thana. Through new knowledge, hard work and perseverance, he has brought prosperity to his family. Ismail Hossain studies up to class eight. Poverty then forces him to look for work. He receives the training programme of the Natore Horticulture Center. He seems to be an enthusiastic youth. Ismail cultivated many flowers. He earns a lot of money by selling flowers in the local market. Thus Ismail Hossain was able to change life and became happy.

(a) affluent (synonym); (b) fortune (antonym); (c) unemployed (antonym); (d) knowledge (synonym); (e) look for (synonym); (f) receive (synonym); (g) enthusiastic (synonym); (h) earn (synonym); (i) able (synonym); (j) happy (antonym).

12. An earthquake is a catastrophe. Every year it kills innumerable people in many countries. In Bangladesh a major earthquake may occur at any moment. So our experts are alarmed by the repetition of the minor earthquakes. The our country lies in the active earthquake zone is known to us.

(a) catastrophe (synonym); (b) kill (antonym); (c) innumerable (synonym); (d) major (antonym); (e) occur (synonym); (f) expert (synonym); (g) alarm (antonym); (h) repetition (synonym); (i) active (antonym); (j) known (antonym).

13.  Dhaka is the capital of Bangladesh. Located (a) (syn) on the Buriganga river in the heart of the Bengal Delta. Dhaka has an estimated (b) (syn) population of (more) (c) (ant) than 15 million people. It is the (largest) (d) (syn) city in Bangladesh and one of the (biggest) (e) (ant) cities of the world. Dhaka is one of the (major) (f) (ant) cities of South Asia. It is (known) (g) (syn) as the city of Mosques. The city is also (described) (h) (syn) as the rickshaw capital of the world. Dhaka is also one of the world’s most densely populated cities. The (old) (i) (ant) city of Dhaka was the Mughal capital of Bengal in the 17th century. It was named in (honour) (j) (ant) of emperor Shajahan.

14.  Facebook is a very popular social networking site of all time. The popularity of facebook has increased drastically. Within 6 years of its launch, facebook reached one billion users milestone. Nowadays it has become a very important part of life. Actually, it is a social networking website that was originally designed for college students, but is now open to anyone with 13 years of age or older. Facebook users can create and customize their own profiles with photos, videos and other information about themselves. Facebook is an effective way of finding old friends and connecting to new ones.

(a) popular (antonym), (b) drastically (antonym), (c) launch (synonym), (d) very (synonym), (e) social (synonym), (f) originally (synonym), (g) open (antonym), (h) create (antonym), (i) customize (synonym), (j) effective (antonym).

15.  Napoleon, the king of France, was a great hero. He won many battles and conquered many countries of Europe. One day he was walking along the seashore. Suddenly he noticed a wonderful thing. An English boy was making a small boat. They boy was immediately brought before him. The king asked him why he was making such a tiny boat. The boy said confidently, “I shall cross the sea. My country is on the other side of the sea. I shall go to my country by this boat. I didn’t see my mother for a good long time.” The king was charmed by the words of the small boy. He made all arrangements to send him to his country.

(a) hero (synonym); (b) battle (synonym); (c) many (antonym); (d) along (antonym); (e) shore (synonym); (f) wonderful (antonym); (g) tiny (antonym); (h) confidently (antonym); (i) arrangements (synonym); (j) country (synonym)

16.  Beauty is easy to appreciate but difficult to define. As we look around, we discover beauty in pleasurable objects and sights in nature, in the laughter of children, in the kindness of strangers. But asked to define, we run into difficulties. Does beauty have an independent objective identity? Is it universal, or is it dependent on our sense perceptions? Does it lie in the eye of the beholder? —— we ask ourselves. A further difficulty arises when beauty manifests itself not only by its presence, but by its absence as well, as when we are repulsed by ugliness and desire beauty. But then ugliness has as much a place in our lives as beauty, or may be more as when there is widespread hunger and injustice in a society. Philosophers have told us that beauty is an important part of life, but isn’t ugliness a part of life too?

(a) beauty (antonym); (b) appreciate (antonym); (c) discover (synonym); (d) pleasure (synonym); (e) stranger (antonym); (f) universal (antonym); (g) perception (synonym); (h) beholder (synonym); (i) manifest (antonym); (j) repulse (synonym).

17.  “It will be better than for me to try to send him things. I could so easily duplicate-skates, for instance.” She blinked her honest spinster’s eyes. “There’s not much use for skates here,” she said. Her stupidity annoyed me. “What I mean,” I said. “Is that I don’t want to duplicate the things his mother sends him. I might have chosen skates if I didn’t know she had already given them to him.” She stared at me. “I don’t understand,” she said. He has no mother. He has no skates.”

(a) try (synonym); (b) duplicate (synonym); (c) instance (synonym); (d) blinked (synonym); (e) stupidity (antonym); (f) annoyed (antonym); (g) mean (synonym); (h) send (synonym); (i)understand (synonym); (j) no (antonym).

18.  A country mouse lived in a field of barley. He made a nest and hung it, upon two stalks of  barley. The nest was very small and very light. The country mouse ate barley and the roots of other plants. A mouse from the town came to see the country mouse. The town mouse was very quick and clever. His home was in a big house in the town. The country mouse gave the town mouse dinner in the barley field. He brought out the very best barley and roots for the meal. But the town mouse did not enjoy his dinner. “My poor friend,” he said, “in town we have much nicer food than this. You must come to see where I live. I shall give you all sorts of good things to eat.” The town mouse returned to his home taking the country mouse with him. They went to a big house.

(a) lived (synonym); (b) made (antonym); (c) small (synonym); (d) light (antonym); (e) see (synonym); (f) clever (antonym); (g) gave (synonym); (h) enjoy (antonym); (i) returned (synonym); (j) taking (antonym).

19.  Morality is the best virtue of mankind at any individual, social and global level. Heavenly qualities like love, affection, respect etc. are developed from morality. Human activities with a sense of morality are always free from social ills and vices. But, nowadays, severe moral degradation is destroying the peaceful and meaningful existence of human beings. For the lack of morality, we can never have a truthful, honest and durable democratic, socio-economic, administrative and judicial institution. Creating awareness is the easiest way to develop the moral sense among people. Motivation and encouragement always bring positive results.Therefore, arranging seminars, symposia at different levels of society will help moral uplifting. So, we must try to create awareness at family and social levels to develop our moral sense.

(a) morality (antonym); (b) heavenly (antonym); (c) developed (synonym); (d) vice (antonym); (e) peaceful (antonym); (f) existence (synonym); (g) durable (antonym); (h) encouragement (synonym); (i) uplifting (synonym); (j) awareness (synonym).

20. Over the past several decades, technology has become a fixture in many homes around the world, and its influence has permeated into all facets of our lives, including educational settings. This phenomenon has been hailed by many as the wave of the future in which language instruction will be driven by new advances in computers, the Internet, and mobile technologies. However, how we go about integrating technology into our classrooms can have a huge impact on whether a technologically-driven classroom succeeds or fails, even with lowtech solutions. So, where lies the praise or blame for the success or failure of technology? Will a Utopian view of pedagogically-sound teaching prevail in our classrooms, or will teachers soon abandon high-tech gadgets and return more to traditional materials? Because the use of the Internet has become so widespread, this article will focus attention on that medium, starting with some historical perspective on computers and then suggest a few practical ideas to improving successful integration of the Internet and language teaching.

(a) permeated (synonym); (b) integrate (antonym); (c) praise (antonym); (d) abandon (synonym); (e) perspective (synonym).

21.  In August 25, 2014 the issue of The Daily Star, there were articles about two places which are far apart. But both were chilling reminders that global warming is not just a theory. It is already here and having devastating effect. In the back page, the article “Polar ice shrinking rapidly” states that the two largest ice sheets in Greenland and Antarctica, are melting and getting reduced in size at an astounding 120 cubic miles each year, clearly contributing to rising oceans. The other reports that tidal surges at the full moon in June and July of this year were much higher than usual and flooded 13 villages situated near rivers that are directly connected to the Bay of Bengal saline water.

(a) far (antonym); (b) reminder (synonym); (c) devastating (synonym); (d) effect (synonym); (e) back (antonym); (f) rapidly (antonym); (g) reduce (antonym); (h) astounding (synonym); (i) rising (antonym); (j) usual (antonym).

22.  Liberty does not (a) descend upon a people. People must (b) raise themselves to it. It is a fruit that must be earned before it can be (c) enjoyed. That freedom means only freedom from (d) foreign (e) domination is an outworn idea. It is not (f) merely the government that should be free but people themselves should be (g) free. And freedom has any (h) real (i) value for the common man unless it also means freedom from (j) want, disease or ignorance. 

(a) descend (antonym); (b) raise (antonym); (c) enjoyed (antonym); (d) foreign (synonym); (e) domination (synonym); (f) merely (synonym); (g) free(antonym); (h) real (synonym); (i) value (synonym); (j) want (synonym).

23.  Time and tide wait for none. No one can call it back. A man gets back his lost money and health but cannot get back his lost time. Time once lost is lost forever. So, we should make the best use of time. We should do our duties properly. If we put off our work for tomorrow, we may not get an opportunity to do it at all. There are some people who idle away time for nothing. They cannot prosper in life. They have to suffer for it. So, we should take an oath that we must do our duty properly and in time.

(a) tide (antonym); (b) wait (synonym); (c) call (synonym); (d) back (synonym); (e) lose (synonym); (f) use (synonym); (g) duty (synonym); (h) opportunity (synonym); (i) suffer (antonym); (j) oath (synonym).

24. walking in the morning regularly is an excellent habit. It is most advisable physical exercise for both young and old. In the morning nature appears at her best. Everything remains quiet and impressive. Environment with all other things becomes calm and serene. Morning walkers cannot but be impressed with it. It keeps their mind fresh and jolly. It also sets their temper for the rest of the day.
(a) morning (antonym); (b) pleasant (synonym); (c) excellent (antonym); (d) physical (antonym); (e) appear (antonym); (f) quiet (synonym); (g) serene (synonym); (h) impressed (antonym); (i) fresh (synonym); (j) temper (synonym).

25. In our society economic value of women’s work and their contribution is mostly
unrecognized. Usually, it is taken as voluntary work. So, the financial cost of running a
home which is almost always done by women is not monetized. This is most dramatically revealed in rural areas. Research has proved that if women’s work is monetized, then the GDP makes a significant jump and so does the worth of women’s work and their contribution to the economy.
(a) contribution (synonym) (b) unrecognized (antonym) (c) usually (synonym) (d) voluntary (synonym) (e) cost (synonym) (f) revealed (antonym) (g) rural (antonym) (h) monetized (antonym) (i) significant (synonym) (j) worth (antonym)

26. Gender discrimination in Bangladesh begins at birth. Most parents want to have children so that they can, when they are older, supplement their family income or help with the domestic work. In the existing socio-economic set-up, male children are best suited to that purpose. So girls are born to an unwelcome world. However, they are assigned rather confined to, domestic chores. Some of these girls may be at school. But all their work domestic or academic-stops as soon as they are married off, which is the prime concern of the parents about their daughters. This body and mind of the girls children and women in a family. They are given to understand that they should keep the best food available for the male members in the family, that they should eat less than the male members, that they should not raise their voice when they speak, that they should not go out of their house without permission from, and without being escorted by the male member. All these shape the girls, thinking about life and the world, and go to establish their relationships with the male members in the family.
(a) discrimination (antonym); (b) supplement (antonym); (c) domestic (synonym); (d) purpose (synonym); (e) permission (antonym); (f) confined (antonym); (g) existing
(antonym); (h) assign (synonym); (i) treatment (synonym); (j) escort (synonym).

27. Democracy is the system of government which allows freedom of speech, religious and political opinion. It means fair and equal treatment for the citizens without social class division. In fact, in a democratic country people elect their representatives who work for the people. Free and fair election is the pre condition for democracy. In a democratic country, people enjoy the rights of food, cloth, education, shelter, medical treatment and other facilities.
(a) allow (synonym); (b) freedom (synonym); (c) opinion (synonym); (d) fair (antonym); (e) equal (antonym); (f) division (antonym); (g) elect (antonym); (h) enjoy (antonym); (i) treatment (synonym); (j) facility (synonym).

28. The word ‘hygiene’ means the practice of keeping ourselves clean. It also means to keep our home and work places clean. It is important for our good health. Hygiene is thought to be text to godliness. It is because we cannot achieve anything physically, mentally or spiritually if we are unclean in our body, mind and soul. Nobody likes an unclean person either. So we must follow the rules of hygiene.
(a) practice (synonym); (b) clean (antonym); (c) home (synonym); (d) important (antonym); (e) godliness (antonym); (f) achieve (synonym); (g) soul (synonym); (h) like (antonym); (i) follow (antonym); (j) hygiene (synonym).

29. The technology that links people to the internet will go to advance. We will move beyond conventional computer operating methods using key-boards and touch screen panel would be no longer needed. They are likely to be replaced by technologies that allow us to interact with the cyberspace in a more natural manner. Wire able devices are one small step on the path to a hyper connected world. In fact, the concept of wire able computers has existed for more than 30 years.
(a) link (synonym); (b) need (synonym); (c) conventional (synonym); (d) methods (synonym); (e) longer (antonym); (f) allow (antonym); (g) interact (synonym); (h) natural (antonym); (i) connected (antonym); (j) concept (synonym).

30. An ideal teacher knows the art of teaching. He is the master of his subject. He makes his lessons interesting. His method of teaching is convincing and inspiring. He praises the good work done by them. If a student does some mistake, he is never harsh to him and never angry with him. He believes in simple living and high thinking. He never sets a wrong example before his students. He has high moral values.
(a) ideal (synonym); (b) master (synonym); (c) make (antonym); (d) method (synonym); (e) convincing (antonym); (f) praise (antonym); (g) mistake (synonym); (h) angry (antonym); (i) simple (antonym); (j) moral (synonym).

31. Rony is a 10 year old boy. He is the only son to his parents. His father is a busy business man and he could hardly spend time with his son. Rony’s father would reach after he sleeps and move out before he wakes up or will sleep until he leaves for school. Hardly, his father would accompany him of join with family. Just like any other boy, Rony wanted to go outdoors with his father and have fun. One day, Rony was surprised to see his father at home in the evening. “Dad, it is a big surprise to see you at home.” Rony said. “Yes, son my meeting was cancelled and my next fight is delayed by 2 hours. So, I’m at home”, his father replied.
(a) busy (antonym) (b) hardly (antonym) (c) reach (synonym) (d) leave (antonym) (e) accompany (antonym) (f) outdoors (synonym) (g) fun (antonym) (h) surprise (synonym) (i) delayed (synonym) (j) replied (synonym).

32. My feet failed to find a suitable crevice and I fell. My hands burned red as I slid down the rough rope, and the coarse strip of leather wrapped around my waist, bit in hand. At the top of the cliff face, at the gateway to the Debra Damo Monastery, an Ethiopian Priest sat with his legs jammed up against either side of the rock-hewn entrance ; wrapped around his muscular arms was the other end of the leather strap that had kept me from crashing down below. Further up still, in the piercing blue sky above the jagged mountain, vultures circled around the 6th century stone church.
(a) fall (antonym); (b) suitable (antonym); (c) crevice (synonym); (d) rough (antonym); (e) wrap (antonym); (f) gateway (synonym); (g) entrance (antonym); (h) strap (synonym); (i) piercing (synonym); (j) jagged (synonym).

33. Nowadays fundamentalism and terrorism go hand in hand. In Christian thought,
fundamentalism is the belief that everything in the Bible is true and should form the basis of religious thought and practice. But at present the term is used in a greater sense meaning the strict following of the basic teaching of any religion. And terrorism means the use of violence to achieve some political aims. So apparently the two ideas seem different. But in modern times some fundamentalists use force or violence to achieve their aims. The religious fundamentalists believe that only their religeon is true and all should follow it strictly. They are not ready to tolerate any deviation or relaxation. So they compel the people by force to follow their dictates.
(a) Belief (antonym) (b) basis (synonym) (c) religious (antonym) (d) thought (synonym) (e) greater (antonym) (f) strict (antonym) (g) apparently (synonym) (h) tolerate (synonym) (i) deviation (antonym) (j) dictates (synonym)

34. Teaching is a noble profession. It is an ideal career for women. Teaching gives women a golden chance to take care of household works. Teaching is more difficult than any other job. A teacher not only has to take classes but also prepare students’ test and assess exam scripts after class hours. And he has to guide his learners also to choose career.
(a) teaching (antonym); (b) noble (antonym); (c) profession (synonym) ; (d) chance (synonym); (e) prepare (synonym); (f) difficult (antonym); (g) assess (synonym); (h) guide
(antonym); (i) household (synonym); (j) choose (antonym).

35. Elephants are quite amazing animals and we can find many interesting facts about elephants. One such amazing fact is given below. Elephants are extremely emotional
animas. They develop very close relationship and bond with its group. When an elephant dies in a group, all the elephants would mourn for the death of the loved ones. Also, it would be very difficult to console a mother elephant who loses a baby due to strong emotions. Losing a child elephant or missing the caretaker make them emotionally weak and may often lead to death.
(a) amazing (antonym); (b) fact (synonym); (c) develop (Synonym); (d) group (synonym); (e) mourn (synonym); (f) loved (synonym); (g) console (synonym); (h) losing (antonym); (i) caretaker (synonym); (j) often (antonym).

36. Social value underline a set principles of generally accepted norms and behaviour of a society. Our forefathers practised a good number of social values like simplicity, honesty, sincerity, responsibility, and piety. We have replaced those good aspects with complexity, dishonesty, corruption, conspiracy, faithlessness and envy. Our materialists attitude has made us self-centered and corrupted. We must get rid of these vices and create awareness among all about the negative impacts of our wrong doings. In order to make a better society, we should create awareness among people about the out-come of their misdeeds. We must have distinctive social values once practised by our forefather. We should give importance to the past moral values to bring peace and harmony in the society and make the world better for living.
(a) accepted (antonym); (b) sincerity (antonym); (c) responsibility (synonym); (d) complexity (antonym); (e) envy (antonym); (f) vice (antonym); (g) impact (synonym); (h) outcome (synonym); (i) importance (synonym); (j) awareness (synonym).

37. Once upon a time there lived a generous, kind-hearted king. He was fond of birds and animals. He had a huge bird sanctuary in his reign. He disliked harming the animals and birds and even did not kill them for the sake of eating meat. Owing to his generosity and kindness towards birds, he was gifted to beautiful falcons by his fellow businessman. Those two falcons belonged to a different place and lived in a different climatic condition. The king thanked the businessman and ordered the head of the bird trainer to provide all the facilities to those beautiful falcons and make them feel comfortable in their country. The head trainer look the birds and provided all essentials to help the birds adapt to the atmosphere. Gradually, the birds got adapt to the country’s atmosphere.
(a) kind-hearted (antonym); (b) fond (antonym); (c) sanctuary (synonym); (d) kindness (antonym); (e) different (antonym); (f) head (synonym); (g) comfortable (antonym); (h) trainer (synonym); (i) adapt (synonym); (j) atmosphere (synonym).

38. Sincerity is the root of success of all work. One can go a long way if he does a job with sincerity. The great men are sincere because they know that sincerity is the key to
success. Those who do not follow the rules of sincerity can never go a long way. Sincerity is the secret of victory. If any work is not done with sincerity, one will never receive desirable output from it. So we should be sincere in every walk of life.
(a) success (antonym); (b) job (synonym); (c) great (antonym); (d) because (synonym); (e) know (synonym); (f) follow (antonym); (g) rules (synonym); (h) never (antonym); (i) victory (synonym); (j) desirable (antonym).

39. Morning walk is not only pleasant but also beneficial to health. In fact, walking regularly in the morning is very good habit. It is the most advisable physical exercise for the aging and the old. In the morning, nature appears at her best. At that time everything remains quiet and seems impressive. The environment with birds and beasts becomes calm and serene. The people who go out for a walk in the morning cannot but be impressed by it. It helps to keep their mind jolly and jovial. It also sits their temper for the rest of the day.
(a) pleasant (antonym); (b) beneficial (antonym); (c) regularly (antonym); (d) advisable (synonym); (e) appear (synonym); (f) quiet (antonym); (g) serene (synonym); (h) impressed (synonym); (i) jovial (antonym); (j) temper (synonym).

40. Democracy is the system of government which allows freedom of speech, religious and political opinion. It means fair and equal treatment for the citizens without social class division. In fact, in a democratic country people elect their representatives who work for the people. Free and fair election is the pre-condition for democracy. In a democratic country people enjoy and rights of food, cloth, shelter, education, medical treatment and other facilities.
(a) allow (synonym) (b) freedom (synonym) (c) opinion (synonym) (d) fair (antonym) (e) equal (antonym) (f) division (antonym) (g) elect (antonym) (h) enjoy (antonym) (i) treatment (synonym) (j) facility (synonym)

41. Another field in which Pasteur worked as a scientist was the study of disease germs. The germs of certain diseases are bacteria, but other diseases are caused by viruses, which are too small to be seen with the hind of microscope that was in use in Pasteur’s time. Pasteur studied a number of animal diseases. One of these was anthrax, a disease that can also affect men. At that time, anthrax killed many sheep and cattle in France, Pasteur discovered how to grow anthrax bacteria that were much less powerful than those found in diseased animals. He showed by experiment that if animals were inoculated with the weakened bacteria and then infected with powerful bacteria, they would not die.
(a) field (synonym) (b) certain (antonym) (c) small (synonym) (d) studied (synonym) (e) killed (antonym) (f) discovered (antonym) (g) found (synonym) (h) experiment (synonym) (i) powerful (antonym) (j) die (synonym).

42. When Shapla heard about those risks,  she invited her husband to discuss pregnancy with a counselor. After hearing about the risks, her husband agreed to delay having children for five years despite pressures from his parents and neighbours to produce an offspring. Together, the couple met with a female healthcare provider who informed them about the various family planning options available. Shapla’s mother-in-law and neighbours continued to pressurize the newly-weds. Deeply rooted cultural practices and traditions caused a rift between Shapla and Rafique and their extended family, some of whose members insulted and criticized the couple. Unable to convince their close relatives of the risks, Shapla and Rafique returned to the counselor.

(a) agree (antonym); (b) delay (synonym); (c) produce (antonym); (d) rift (synonym); (e) available (antonym); (f) extended (synonym); (g) continued (antonym); (h) insulted (antonym); (i) convince (antonym); (j) risks (antonym).

43. Sincerity is the root of success of all work. One can go a long way if one does a job with sincerity. The great men are sincere because they know that sincerity is the key to success. Those who do not follow the rules of sincerity can never go a long way; sincerity is the secret of victory. If any work is not done with sincerity, one will never receive desirable output from it. So, one should be sincere in every walk of life.

success (antonym); (b) job (synonym); (c) great (antonym); (d) receive (synonym); (e) know (synonym); (f) follow (antonym); (g) rule (synonym); (h) never (antonym); (i) victory (synonym); (j) output (synonym).

44. Books are men’s best friends in life. You may have many good friends, but you do not find them when you need them. They may not always come to you with sympathy. Some may prove true or some may prove false and do you much harm. But books are always ready to be your side. Some books will make you laugh. Some others will give you much pleasure. Again, some books will bring new knowledge and ideas. They are your ever friends throughout your life.

(a) friend (antonym); (b) need (antonym); (c) sympathy (synonym); (d) prove (synonym); (e) false (antonym); (f) harm (antonym); (g) laugh (antonym); (h) pleasure (synonym); (i) bring (synonym); (j) idea (synonym).

45. He is optimistic of his success. He works hard and abides by his teachers’ guidelines. He understands that it is important to be diligent. He does not rely on anyone and believes that honesty and hard work can help one reach the peak of success. He harbours the faith that a labourious man is sure to shine.

optimistic (antonym); (b) hard (synonym); (c) abide (antonym); (d) understand (synonym); (e) important (antonym); (f) diligent (synonym); (g) rely (synonym); (h) honesty (antonym); (i) help (synonym); (j) shine (antonym).

46. Jitu and Jony were best friends. They fought for many reasons but never gave up their friendship. They went in search of a job and visited many places to earn more money. They passed through various places, villages, towns, forests, beaches and were supporting each other all the way throughout their journey. One day they reached a desert and they had a very little food and water. Jitu told Jony to eat half the quantity of food and then got very tired and felt like they could not make a step. Jitu said that they could eat another half and saved water for later use. However, Jony disagreed. He wanted to drink water as he was very thirsty. They quarreled each other to have water. Jitu slapped Jony and they walked in silence. They decided to have food and continue their journey. Jony wrote in sand, “My best friend slapped me!”

(a) best (antonym); (b) friendship (antonym); (c) search (synonym); (d) support (antonym); (e) reach (synonym); (f) little (antonym); (g) tired (antonym); (h) disagreed (synonym); (i) continue (synonym); (j) slap (synonym).

47. A thing can’t become as precious as gold only by way of glittering. People, in general, are charmed and attracted by outward show of things and not by their own merits. Gold is a bright precious metal and its value is recognized by all. Nevertheless, there are many metals cheaper than gold but look like it. They glitter for some time and fade in course of time. They fascinate our eyes too. But their beauty and glamour don’t last long. But gold is such a metal that it can stand the wear and tear of time. It shines till the last moment of its existence. In our society, there are so many people who are outwardly very gentle and nice. But after a time being, their real identity is revealed. They don’t have their instinct value and morality.

precious (antonym); (b) glitter (synonym); (c) outward (antonym); (d) attract (synonym); (e) recognize (synonym); (f) glamour (antonym); (g) fascinate (synonym); (h) instinct (synonym); (i) shine (antonym); (j) morality (antonym).

48. There are many people who have a conservative outlook. Quite early in life they learn to believe that everything in this world was predetermined and all that happens to them was ordained by God. From this belief, the poor generally accept their poverty and all their sorrows and sufferings without trying much to overcome them. They also have the same sort of attitude towards illness and disease.

(a) people (synonym); (b) conservative (antonym); (c) early (antonym); (d) believe (synonym); (e) world (synonym); (f) all (synonym); (g) poverty (antonym); (h) sufferings (synonym); (i) overcome (synonym); (j) same (antonym).

49. Jatiyo Sriti Shoudho is the national monument of Bangladesh. It is the symbol of our freedom and the martyrs who sacrificed their lives for the sake of the country in 1971. The monument is located in Savar, Dhaka. It was designed by Syed Mainul Hossain. Plans for the monument were initiated in 1976. Following the site selection, road and land development, a nation-wide design competition was held in June, 1978. Following evaluation of the 57 submissions, Syed Mainul Hossain’s design was chosen. The main structure and the artificial lake and other facilities were completed in 1982. It was inaugurated at 16 December 1982.

(a) national (antonym); (b) symbol (synonym); (c) freedom (antonym); (d) monument (synonym); (e) plan (synonym); (f) competition (synonym); (g) evaluation (synonym); (h) artificial (antonym); (i) completed (antonym); (j) inaugurated (synonym).

50. Liberty does not (a) descend upon people. People must (b) raise themselves to it. It is a fruit that must be earned before it can be (c) enjoyed. That freedom means only freedom from (d) foreign (e) domination is an outworn idea. It is not (f) merely the government that should be free but people themselves should be (g) free. And freedom has any (h) real (i) value for the common man unless it also means freedom from (j) want, disease or ignorance.

(a) descend (antonym); (b) raise (antonym); (c) enjoyed (antonym); (d) foreign (synonym); (e) domination (synonym); (f) merely (synonym); (g) free (antonym); (h) real (synonym); (i) value (synonym); (j) want (synonym).

51. Modern education is somewhat different from the past. In method, it seeks to draw out and improve the mind, to make it eager and curious. It depends more on observation than mere bookish knowledge. A mind that is intellectually alert will learn from books. It develops the latent talent of any individual. Teachers play vital role in teaching the students. They aren’t just instructors. Rather, they support and guide students so that the students can succeed in their way of life.

(a) different (synonym); (b) seek (synonym); (c) eager (antonym); (d) observation (synonym); (e) mere (antonym); (f) alert (synonym); (g) latent (antonym); (h) instructor (synonym); (i) guide (antonym); (j) way (synonym).

52. Illiteracy is a curse (antonym). It is the root cause (synonym) of ignorance (antonym) which frustrates (synonym) all development (synonym) efforts of the government. No development effort can succeed (synonym) unless illiteracy is eradicated (antonym). Eradication of illiteracy in a country like Bangladesh with so vast (antonym) a population is undoubtedly (synonym) a gigantic (antonym) task.

53. There have been many significant changes in our forms of entertainment over time. Many of the older forms no longer exist today. Even if they do, people keep looking for newer forms. Thus, our traditional entertaining forms are gradually disappearing for they are losing their appeal. We know change in our foods and daily activities. So, changes are obvious in our food and clothes as well. Our sports have also experienced a noteworthy change of our taste. Football which was once the most popular spectator sports in Bangladesh is yielding place to cricket.

(a) significant (synonym); (b) forms (synonym); (c) exist (antonym); (d) traditional (antonym); (e) gradually (synonym); (f) disappearing (synonym); (g) appeal (synonym); (h) obvious (antonym); (i) noteworthy (antonym); (j) popular (antonym).

54. Illiteracy is a curse. It retards all development works of a country. It is said that an illiterate nation gropes in darkness with no definite goal. In fact, an illiterate person is conservative, superstitious and blind. He can contribute very little to his country. He is unconscious and unaware of rights and responsibilities. The whole country is responsible for this. Most of our people are illiterate and poor. In fact, illiteracy caused by poverty, stands in the way of success. All should be practical and pragmatic while addressing this problem. Effective measures should be taken by all concerned to remove illiteracy and thus make the nation enlightened.

(a) curse (antonym); (b) retard (synonym); (c) darkness (antonym); (d) conservative (antonym); (e) unconscious (synonym); (f) success (antonym); (g) pragmatic (synonym); (h) measures (synonym); (i) remove (synonym); (j) enlightened (synonym).

55. The effects of greenhouse effect are too many to be described. Its effect is very devastating and destructive. It effect is a dangerous threat to human existence and to animal and plant lives. Climatologists predict that by midway through this century temperature may have risen by as much as 4°C. This could seriously reduce mankind’s ability to grow food, destroy or severely damage wildlife and wilderness, raise sea levels and thereby flood coastal areas and farmland. Bangladesh is very much vulnerable to frequent natural disasters. Annual visitations of cyclones and floods are routine but nonetheless sudden and fatal in their wild rage. The yearly damages they leave behind are enormous. However, our people are accustomed to cyclones and floods. But another creeping disaster is gather in fury is the greenhouse effect for which the people are not prepared at all and the state appears to be taking no notice. It is the danger of rising sea level from the greenhouse effect.

(a) effect (synonym); (b) destructive (antonym); (c) dangerous (antonym); (d) reduce (antonym); (e) vulnerable (antonym); (f) disasters (antonym); (g) damages (synonym); (h) enormous (synonym); (i) accustomed (synonym); (j) appear (antonym).

56. Bangladesh is prone to natural disaster. She is affected by various natural calamities almost every year. It seems that these natural calamities are daily companions to Bangladesh. For this reason Bangladesh is called the land of natural calamities. Floods, cyclones, drought, erosion, excessive rainfall are the common natural calamities in our country. The affected people suffer in many ways. They become homeless and take shelter on house roofs, trees, boats and embankments. Their miseries continue even after the natural calamity ends.

(a) natural  (antonym); (b) various (synonym); (c) every (synonym); (d) seem (synonym); (e) calamity (synonym); (f) common (antonym); (g) suffer (synonym); (h) shelter (synonym); (i) misery (antonym); (j) end (antonym).

57. Courtesy is a virtue in a man. It goes without saying that courtesy costs us nothing but gives a lot. So, you should be courteous. You must have politeness. People will disrespect and dislike you if you are discourteous. Nobody likes discourtesy. Try to be gentle from your student life. You can win the heart of your enemy by being courteous. You can ensure removal of hatred and anger by embracing your enemy. Courtesy can remove the bitter relationship and improve mutual understanding and cordiality among people.

(a) virtue (synonym); (b) a lot (synonym); (c) courteous (antonym); (d) discourtesy (synonym); (e) win (antonym); (f) enemy (synonym); (g) ensure (synonym); (h) anger (antonym); (i) remove (synonym); (j) cordiality (antonym).

59. It is sure that world would make a tremendous progress in every field of life. Science and technology will make a tremendous progress. Machinery will take the initiative over manual labour. Mode of transportation will become very effective. Travelling will become very fast. Space travel will become very easy. But there are certain bad omens also. World population is increasing at a very fast rate. There is a very wide gap between rich and poor population of the world. Powerful nations are leading luxurious lives whereas the poor nations are starving. The position is not very much optimistic in the present century. It is very much necessary for the people and the government to control population. Effective measures should be taken for the enrichment of the poor masses so that the next century can be joyous for all.

(a) tremendous (antonym); (b) manual (antonym); (c) effective (synonym); (d) certain (synonym); (e) omens (synonym); (f) rate (synonym); (g) luxurious (antonym); (h) optimistic (antonym); (i) control (synonym); (j) enrichment (antonym).

60. Idleness never makes a man successful in life. It will be totally a foolish idea if a person thinks that success will come automatically. The story of human shows that success achieved by those who work relentlessly. Passing time in idleness brings about adversity in life. On the other hand, the industrious enjoy the harvest of prosperity in life. 

(a) idleness  (synonym), (b) totally (synonym), (c) foolish (antonym), (d) success (antonym), (e) automatically (synonym), (f) achieved (synonym), (g) relentlessly (synonym), (h) adversity  (antonym), (i) industrious (antonym), (j) harvest (synonym).       

61. It is fortunate that many buyers have been experiencing difficulties with their developer companies while buying apartments. I would like to highlight some important points which every buyer shall ensure before entering into purchase agreement with the developer, which may substantially create the impossibility of future disputes. As we know in the ordinary course of business, the developer initially gives an allotment of the apartment to the purchasers through an allotment letter upon receiving booking money. Thereafter, the developer enters into an agreement with the purchaser whereby the purchaser undertakes to make future payment as per payment schedule of the said agreement. Once the payment is done and the flat is handed over then the flat is registered in the name of the purchaser.

(a) fortunate (antonym); (b) buyer (synonym); (c) difficulties (synonym); (d) important (synonym); (e) ensure (antonym); (f) agreement (synonym); (g) impossibility (antonym); (h) ordinary (antonym); (i) receive (synonym); (j) purchaser (antonym).

62. Nelson Mandela guided South Africa from the shackles of apartheid to a multi-racial democracy as an icon of peace and reconciliation who came to embody the struggle for justice around the world. Imprisoned for nearly three decades for his fight against white minority rule, Mandela never lost his resolve to fight for his people’s emancipation. He was determined to bring down apartheid while avoiding a civil war. His prestige and charisma helped him win the support of the world.

(a) guide (synonym); (b) shackle (synonym); (c) democracy (antonym); (d) icon (synonym); (e) justice (antonym); (f) peace (antonym); (g) minority (antonym); (h) emancipation (synonym); (i) prestige (synonym); (j) charisma (synonym).

63. The National Memorial is a symbol of the nation’s respect for the martyrs of the War of Liberation. It is  located at Savar, Dhaka. Its foundation was laid on the first anniversary of the Victory Day in 1972. The entire complex covers an area of 126 acres. It will include a mosque, a library and a museum. The museum will preserve the relics of the Liberation War. There is a series of 7 towers that rise by stages to a height of 150 feet. These seven towers represent the seven heroes who made supreme sacrifice in the Liberation War. The height of the towers stands for the high sacrifice of every martyr. There are several graves of the martyrs close to the tower. Standing before the graves, we bow down our heads in respect of their sacrifice.   

(a) liberation (synonym); (b) foundation (synonym); (c) entire (antonym); (d) cover (antonym); (e) include (antonym); (f) rise (antonym); (g) represent (synonym); (h) supreme (synonym); (i) before (antonym); (j) respect (antonym).

64. Social values underline a set principles of generally accepted norms and behaviour of society. Our forefathers practiced a good number of social values like simplicity, honesty, sincerityresponsibility and piety. We have replaced those good aspects with complexity, dishonesty, corruption, conspiracy, faithlessness and envy. Our materialistic attitude has made us self-centered and corrupted. We must get rid of these vices and create awareness among all about the negative impacts of our wrongdoings. In order to make a better society, we should create awareness among people about the outcome of their misdeeds. We must have distinctive social values once practiced by our forefathers. We should give importance to the past moral values to bring peace and harmony in the society and make the world better for living.

(a)  accepted (antonym); (b) sincerity (antonym); (c) responsibility (synonym); (d) complexity (antonym); (e) envy (antonym); (f) vice (antonym); (g) impact (synonym); (h) outcome (synonym); (i) awareness (synonym); (j) importance (synonym).

65. Mobile phone is one of the wonderful inventions of modern science. Today modern science has made possible what was impossible in the past. Mobile phone has brought about a radical change in the whole span of life. It has made a new communication system. It is the most up-to-date means of communication. We can send and receive any information from any corner of the world in a few seconds sitting at home. But mobile phone is not free from demerits. It may damage our hearing power and brain.

(a) wonderful (synonym); (b) modern (antonym); (c) radical (antonym); (d) change (synonym); (e) system (synonym); (f) free (antonym); (g) demerits (synonym); (h) damage (synonym); (i) few (antonym); (j) past (antonym).

66. Rimi is a sweet, lovable and beautiful girl, aged six years. She is an adorable kid as she obeys every word of the elders. Rimi’s parents loved her for her amazing behaviour. One day her mother took her to grocery shopping. As they passed the shops, Rimi noticed a cute plastic pearl necklace in dazzling pink! She asked her mother to buy her the necklace. Her mother told her it cost a few pennies and she asked her to do some chores so that for every completed work Rimi would get some money and she could buy the pink necklace. Rimi prepared to do list and assisted her mom with all the chores. Her mom was so happy and she paid enough money to buy it. Rimi happily purchased the desired necklace and wore it just every time except while taking bath. Her mom told her that the pearls would lose their gloss if she wore it while their bathing.

(a) sweet (antonym); (b) obey (antonym); (c) amazing (synonym); (d) notice (antonym); (e) dazzling (synonym); (f) complete (synonym); (g) assist (synonym); (h) chores (synonym); (i) bath (synonym); (j) gloss (synonym).

67. Adolescents constitute a nation’s core resource for national renewal and growth. Adolescence is a period in life when transition from childhood to adulthood takes place and behaviors and lifestyles are shaped. According to WHO, adolescence is a period which shapes the future of girls and boys’ lives. There are 28 million adolescents in Bangladesh; 13.7 million of them are girls and 14.3 million boys.The situation of girls are characterized by inequality and subordination within the family and society. This inequality leads to widespread practice of child marriage, marginalization or exclusion from health, vulnerability to violence and sexual abuse.

(a) adolescent (synonym), (b) constitute (synonym), (c) childhood (antonym), (d) style (synonym), (e) transition (synonym), (f) widespread (antonym), (g) practice (antonym), (h) exclusion (antonym), (i) vulnerability (synonym), (j) violence (antonym).

68. group of employees was working in a software company. It was team of 30 employees. This was a young, energetic and dynamic team with keen enthusiasm and desire to learn and grow. The management decided to teach the employees about finding real solution to the problems. The team was called to play a game in a banquet hall. The group was quite surprised as they were called for playing game. All reached the venue holding various thoughts. As they entered the hall, the found the hall decorated beautifully with colorful decorative papers and balloons all over the place. It was more like a kid’s play area, than a corporate meeting hall. Everyone was surprised and gazed at each other. Also, there was huge box balloons placed at the center of the hall.

Advertisement

about:blank

(a) group (Antonym); (b) dynamic (Antonym); (c) enthusiasm (Synonym); (d) grow (Antonym); (e) real (Antonym); (f) banquet (Synonym); (g) entered (Antonym);(h) decorated (Synonym); (i) gazed (Synonym); (j) center (Synonym)

Answer: (a) group – individual/separate (b) dynamic – inactive/lethargic (c) enthusiasm – eagerness/earnestness (d) grow – compress/shrink (e) real – artificial/fake (f) banquet – dinner/feast (g) entered – exited/came out (h) decorated – adorned/embellished (i) gazed – stared/looked (j) center – midpoint/core

69. Books are the (a) unique medium through which we contact (b) mighty minds of ages. Books tell us about their feelings, what they said and what they did. Books are one of the greatest friends to us. They introduce us to the best (c) humanity. They are (d) reliable records of the history of pastmen. A book is a (e) valuable living voice. We can know about the thoughts and (f) rituals of past men through books. We should read books and avoid (g) worthless ones. A good book is a friend in (h) loneliness and nurse in (i) ailment. We can find real (j) happiness by reading good books.

(a) Unique (Antonym) (b) Mighty (Antonym) (c) Humanity (Synonym) (d) Reliable (Antonym) (e) Valuable (Antonym) (f) Rituals (Synonym) (g) Worthless (Synonym) (h) Loneliness (Synonym) (i) Ailment (Synonym) (j) Happiness (Antonym)

Answer: (a) Unique (Antonym) -common, general, simple (b) Mighty (Antonym) -weak, forceless, feeble (c) Humanity (Synonym) -mankind, manhood, humanness (d) Reliable (Antonym) -unfaithful, trustless, unreliable (e) Valuable (Antonym) -worthless, unimportant, useless (f) Rituals (Synonym) -useless, inessential, valueless (g) Worthless (Synonym) -ceremony, function, celebration (h) Loneliness (Synonym) -singleness, solitude, aloneness (i) Ailment (Synonym) -illness, sickness, malady (j) Happiness (Antonym) -sadness, unhappiness, distress

70. Citizens having good characters lead (a) virtuous lives. Their thought and behaviour show high moral values. They cannot even think of doing any (b) immoral deed. One of the most (c) positive qualities of these people is tolerance towards others. Tolerance and respect together can make life (d) harmonious and (e) peaceful in society. If a person is (f) intolerant, becomes difficult and almost (g) impossible for that person. As we want to live in (h)happiness, we must lea social norms. By obeying social norms, we can enjoy (i) heavenly pleasure. On the other hand, we will suffer a lot, if we (j) disobey these.

(a) Virtuous (Antonym) (b) Immoral (Antonym) (c) Positive (Synonym) (d) Harmonious (Antonym) (e) Peaceful (Antonym) (f) Intolerant (Synonym) (g) Impossible (Synonym)

(h) Happiness, (Antonym) (i) Heavenly (Synonym) (j) Disobey (Synonym)

Answer: (a) Virtuous (Antonym) -evil, corrupt, immoral (b) Immoral (Antonym) -moral, ethical, behaviour (c) Positive (Synonym) -optimistic, hopeful, confident (d) Harmonious (Antonym) -unfriendly, discordant, quarrelsome (e) Peaceful (Antonym) -violent, hostile, warlike (f) Intolerant (Synonym) -prejudiced, racist, dogmatic (g) Impossible (Synonym) -impracticable, unachievable (h) Happiness, (Antonym) -unhappiness, depression, distress (i) Heavenly (Synonym) -divine, holy, celestial (j) Disobey (Synonym) -defy, ignore, disregard

Dangling Modifiers

Dangling Modifier

Definition: A dangling modifier is a descriptive phrase or clause that doesn’t logically relate to the word it intends to modify because that word is either missing or incorrectly placed in the sentence. This often leads to confusing or unintentionally humorous sentences.

Example: “Walking down the street, the flowers bloomed beautifully.”

In this example, “Walking down the street” appears to modify “the flowers,” implying that the flowers were walking down the street! Since the subject intended to be modified (probably a person) isn’t clearly present, the modifier “dangles.”

Correction:“Walking down the street, I saw the flowers blooming beautifully.”

Now, “I” is the subject who is walking down the street, which makes the sentence clearer.

Tips to Avoid Dangling Modifiers

a. Rephrase to Include the Subject: Ensure that the modifier is directly next to the noun it describes.

b. Make the Main Subject Clear: Sometimes, restructuring the sentence entirely helps clarify the meaning.

c. Double-Check After Editing: After writing, read sentences with introductory phrases carefully to ensure the subject is clear.

Structure of Dangling Modifiers

Dangling modifiers often involve participle phrases or gerund phrases that do not clearly connect to a specific noun in the sentence. Some common forms are:

a. Present Participle Phrases: These begin with “-ing” words like “walking,” “running,” “playing.”

b. Past Participle Phrases: These begin with “-ed” words like “tired,” “excited,” or irregular past forms like “gone,” “taken.”

c. Infinitive Phrases: These begin with “to” + a verb, like “to finish,” “to succeed.”

Examples and Corrections

Example 1
Incorrect: “While reading the novel, the themes were confusing.”

Here, “While reading the novel” is intended to modify the person who is reading, but since that subject is missing, the phrase seems to be modifying “the themes,” implying that “the themes” were reading the novel.

Correction: “While reading the novel, I found the themes confusing.”

Now, “I” is clearly the subject who is reading the novel, and the sentence is more logical.

Example 2
Incorrect: “Having been absent for weeks, the assignment was difficult to understand.”

“Having been absent for weeks” seems to describe “the assignment,” suggesting that the assignment was absent.

Correction: “Having been absent for weeks, the student found the assignment difficult to understand.”

Now, the phrase “Having been absent for weeks” correctly describes “the student.”

Example 3
Incorrect: “To improve his chances, the job application was submitted early.”

“To improve his chances” should logically apply to the person submitting the application, but without a clear subject, it seems to modify “the job application.”

Correction: “To improve his chances, he submitted the job application early.”

Now, “he” is present as the subject, making the sentence clearer.

How to Identify and Fix Dangling Modifiers

a. Identify the Modifier Phrase: Look for introductory phrases, especially participle or infinitive phrases.

b. Determine the Intended Subject: Consider who or what is logically performing the action or being described.

c. Ensure the Modifier Has a Clear Subject: Revise the sentence so that the subject is explicitly included and logically connected to the modifier.

Why Dangling Modifiers Matter

Dangling modifiers can create unintended meanings and make writing unclear or awkward. In academic, professional, and creative writing, clarity is essential for effective communication. Correcting these modifiers ensures that sentences convey the intended message accurately and enhance the readability of the text.

More examples of dangling modifier

Incorrect: While driving to work, a deer suddenly appeared.
Correct: While driving to work, I saw a deer suddenly appear.

Incorrect: After finishing the book, the movie seemed disappointing.
Correct: After finishing the book, she found the movie disappointing.

Incorrect: Without a map, the trail was difficult to navigate.
Correct: Without a map, we found the trail difficult to navigate.

Incorrect: Walking through the park, the fountain caught my attention.
Correct: Walking through the park, I noticed the fountain.

Incorrect: To pass the exam, hours of study are required.
Correct: To pass the exam, students need to study for hours.

Incorrect: Running late for the meeting, the notes were left behind.
Correct: Running late for the meeting, he left the notes behind.

Incorrect: Upon opening the box, a strange smell filled the room.
Correct: Upon opening the box, they noticed a strange smell filling the room.

Incorrect: Broken and abandoned, the hiker found the old cabin.
Correct: Broken and abandoned, the old cabin was found by the hiker.

Incorrect: After cooking for hours, the meal was finally ready.
Correct: After cooking for hours, she had the meal finally ready.

Incorrect: Reaching the top of the mountain, the view was breathtaking.
Correct: Reaching the top of the mountain, we found the view breathtaking.

Incorrect: Eager to impress, the speech was memorized by heart.
Correct: Eager to impress, she memorized the speech by heart.

Incorrect: While riding my bike, a squirrel ran across the road.
Correct: While riding my bike, I saw a squirrel run across the road.

Incorrect: Looking for a new book, the library was a great place to visit.
Correct: Looking for a new book, he visited the library.

Incorrect: Covered in snow, the children built a snowman.
Correct: The children, covered in snow, built a snowman.

Incorrect: Driving down the highway, the ocean could be seen in the distance.
Correct: Driving down the highway, we could see the ocean in the distance.

Incorrect: Excited for the concert, the tickets were purchased early.
Correct: Excited for the concert, she purchased the tickets early.

Incorrect: Watching the storm roll in, the waves became violent.
Correct: Watching the storm roll in, we noticed the waves becoming violent.

Incorrect: To prepare for the trip, a checklist was made.
Correct: To prepare for the trip, he made a checklist.

Incorrect: Taking a break from studying, the dog was petted.
Correct: Taking a break from studying, she petted the dog.

Incorrect: To learn the skill, practice is essential.
Correct: To learn the skill, one must practice.

Incorrect: Hungry after a long day, the meal was devoured.
Correct: Hungry after a long day, he devoured the meal.

Incorrect: While cleaning the attic, old photos were discovered.
Correct: While cleaning the attic, she discovered old photos.

Incorrect: Blowing in the wind, the flowers looked beautiful.
Correct: The flowers looked beautiful, blowing in the wind.

Incorrect: After finishing her homework, the computer was turned off.
Correct: After finishing her homework, she turned off the computer.

Incorrect: To improve his grades, extra credit was completed.
Correct: To improve his grades, he completed the extra credit.

Incorrect: Walking along the beach, seashells were collected.
Correct: Walking along the beach, we collected seashells.

Incorrect: Without knowing anyone, the party was overwhelming.
Correct: Without knowing anyone, he found the party overwhelming.

Incorrect: Climbing the steep hill, the view was worth it.
Correct: Climbing the steep hill, we found the view worth it.

Incorrect: Hoping to catch the bus, the backpack was grabbed quickly.
Correct: Hoping to catch the bus, she grabbed her backpack quickly.

Incorrect: Exhausted from the journey, the hotel looked inviting.
Correct: Exhausted from the journey, they found the hotel inviting.

Incorrect: Shivering in the cold, the fire was a welcome sight.
Correct: Shivering in the cold, she found the fire a welcome sight.

Incorrect: Without warning, the storm approached rapidly.
Correct: Without warning, we saw the storm approach rapidly.

Incorrect: Rushing out the door, the keys were forgotten.
Correct: Rushing out the door, she forgot her keys.

Incorrect: Walking through the forest, the birds sang beautifully.
Correct: Walking through the forest, he heard the birds singing beautifully.

Incorrect: To find peace, the garden was visited often.
Correct: To find peace, she visited the garden often.

Incorrect: Looking out the window, the rain poured down.
Correct: Looking out the window, he watched the rain pour down.

Incorrect: To reach the summit, the trail was long and steep.
Correct: To reach the summit, they hiked a long and steep trail.

Incorrect: Watching the sunrise, the sky was a beautiful mix of colors.
Correct: Watching the sunrise, she admired the sky’s beautiful mix of colors.

Incorrect: Searching for his keys, the entire house was turned upside down.
Correct: Searching for his keys, he turned the entire house upside down.

Incorrect: Driven by ambition, the job application was completed immediately.
Correct: Driven by ambition, he completed the job application immediately.

Incorrect: Hurrying to answer the phone, the coffee was spilled.
Correct: Hurrying to answer the phone, she spilled her coffee.

Incorrect: Admiring the painting, the brushstrokes were mesmerizing.
Correct: Admiring the painting, he found the brushstrokes mesmerizing.

Incorrect: After months of planning, the event was a huge success.
Correct: After months of planning, they enjoyed the event’s huge success.

Incorrect: To win the race, speed and stamina are crucial.
Correct: To win the race, a runner needs both speed and stamina.

Incorrect: Looking through the telescope, the stars seemed closer than ever.
Correct: Looking through the telescope, she saw the stars closer than ever.

Incorrect: After baking all afternoon, the cake was delicious.
Correct: After baking all afternoon, she found the cake delicious.

Incorrect: Covered in mud, the car needed a wash.
Correct: The car, covered in mud, needed a wash.

Incorrect: Standing at the edge of the cliff, the valley stretched out below.
Correct: Standing at the edge of the cliff, she gazed at the valley stretched out below.

Incorrect: Hoping for a discount, the items were bought in bulk.
Correct: Hoping for a discount, they bought the items in bulk.

Incorrect: Reading quietly, the library was peaceful.
Correct: Reading quietly, she found the library peaceful.

Incorrect: Running late for the meeting, the train was missed.
Correct: Running late for the meeting, she missed the train.

Incorrect: Walking through the forest, the trees looked ancient.
Correct: Walking through the forest, he noticed the trees looked ancient.

Incorrect: To be successful, dedication is necessary.
Correct: To be successful, one must have dedication.

Incorrect: Having completed the project, the celebration began.
Correct: Having completed the project, the team began the celebration.

Incorrect: After running five miles, the shower was refreshing.
Correct: After running five miles, he found the shower refreshing.

Incorrect: After reading the book, the movie was disappointing.
Correct: After reading the book, she found the movie disappointing.

Incorrect: Driving through the city, the buildings seemed enormous.
Correct: Driving through the city, he noticed the buildings seemed enormous.

Incorrect: Watching the sunset, the sky turned pink.
Correct: Watching the sunset, I saw the sky turn pink.

Incorrect: Looking out the window, the mountain peaks were visible.
Correct: Looking out the window, she saw the mountain peaks were visible.

Incorrect: To improve your health, exercise is key.
Correct: To improve your health, you must exercise regularly.

Incorrect: Running down the street, the rain started pouring.
Correct: Running down the street, he felt the rain start pouring.

Incorrect: Hearing the loud crash, the glass shattered.
Correct: Hearing the loud crash, she saw the glass shatter.

Incorrect: After finishing the assignment, the computer was turned off.
Correct: After finishing the assignment, she turned off the computer.

Incorrect: Walking in the park, the flowers smelled wonderful.
Correct: Walking in the park, I noticed the flowers smelled wonderful.

Incorrect: Looking at the sky, the stars were shining brightly.
Correct: Looking at the sky, he saw the stars shining brightly.

Incorrect: To enjoy the beach, sunscreen is essential.
Correct: To enjoy the beach, you must apply sunscreen.

Incorrect: Having made dinner, the table was set.
Correct: Having made dinner, she set the table.

Incorrect: Running down the stairs, the door slammed shut.
Correct: Running down the stairs, she heard the door slam shut.

Incorrect: After finishing the book, the ending was surprising.
Correct: After finishing the book, I found the ending surprising.

Incorrect: Speaking loudly, the room became quiet.
Correct: Speaking loudly, he made the room become quiet.

Incorrect: Looking for a job, the internet was helpful.
Correct: Looking for a job, she found the internet helpful.

Incorrect: Playing the piano for hours, the fingers became sore.
Correct: Playing the piano for hours, his fingers became sore.

Incorrect: To fix the issue, a new system was implemented.
Correct: To fix the issue, they implemented a new system.

Incorrect: Walking to the store, the bag broke.
Correct: Walking to the store, she noticed the bag broke.

Incorrect: Hoping for good weather, the picnic was canceled.
Correct: Hoping for good weather, they canceled the picnic.

Incorrect: Waiting for the bus, the rain started pouring.
Correct: Waiting for the bus, I saw the rain start pouring.

Incorrect: Drinking coffee, the morning was bright and cheerful.
Correct: Drinking coffee, she felt the morning was bright and cheerful.

Incorrect: Without a plan, the project was a disaster.
Correct: Without a plan, they found the project to be a disaster.

Incorrect: Hoping to find the answer, the problem was solved quickly.
Correct: Hoping to find the answer, she solved the problem quickly.

Incorrect: Without any warning, the dog ran into the street.
Correct: Without any warning, the dog darted into the street.

Incorrect: Looking at the map, the route was unclear.
Correct: Looking at the map, I found the route unclear.

Incorrect: After taking a walk, the day seemed brighter.
Correct: After taking a walk, she felt the day seemed brighter.

Incorrect: Seeing the results, the experiment was a success.
Correct: Seeing the results, she concluded the experiment was a success.

Incorrect: To keep the plants healthy, water is important.
Correct: To keep the plants healthy, you need to water them regularly.

Incorrect: Reaching the top of the mountain, the view was amazing.
Correct: Reaching the top of the mountain, we saw the view was amazing.

Incorrect: Taking a break from studying, the dog was played with.
Correct: Taking a break from studying, she played with the dog.

Incorrect: After running a marathon, the celebration was fun.
Correct: After running a marathon, he enjoyed the celebration.

Incorrect: Looking for the book, the shelf was reorganized.
Correct: Looking for the book, she reorganized the shelf.

Incorrect: Sitting in the front row, the concert was thrilling.
Correct: Sitting in the front row, she found the concert thrilling.

Incorrect: While studying, the music was turned off.
Correct: While studying, he turned off the music.

Incorrect: Having practiced for hours, the competition was easy.
Correct: Having practiced for hours, she found the competition easy.

Incorrect: Driving fast through the city, the sights were beautiful.
Correct: Driving fast through the city, he noticed the sights were beautiful.

Incorrect: After cleaning the house, the floor was shiny.
Correct: After cleaning the house, she noticed the floor was shiny.

Incorrect: To have a great time, friends are needed.
Correct: To have a great time, you need good friends.

Incorrect: Hoping to finish the task, the deadline was missed.
Correct: Hoping to finish the task, she missed the deadline.

Incorrect: Looking at the cake, the frosting was thick.
Correct: Looking at the cake, she noticed the frosting was thick.

Incorrect: While cooking dinner, the phone rang.
Correct: While cooking dinner, she answered the phone.

Incorrect: After finishing the class, the students were excited.
Correct: After finishing the class, the students felt excited.

Incorrect: Running through the park, the weather was pleasant.
Correct: Running through the park, he found the weather pleasant.

Incorrect: After practicing the dance, the performance went well.
Correct: After practicing the dance, she found the performance went well.

Modifier

Modifier

Definition: Modify is to change or to alter something. A modifier is a word, phrase, or clause that functions as an adjective or adverb to give extra information about another words or word called the head.

Classification: It can be classified into 2 types.

Pre modifier: Placed before the head is called a pre modifier

Post modifier: Placed after the head is called a post modifier

List of Adverb: always, ever, never, twice, again, somewhere, here, there, everywhere, rather, once, daily, sometimes, often, seldom, now, then, soon, tomorrow, yesterday, today, tonight, again, early, yesterday, just, during, yet, thus, only, also, too, very, very much, adjective + ly etc

Modifier

=to change or to alter something

= word, phrase, or clause

= adjective or adverb

1. Rules of part of speech

(Article+adverb+adjective+noun)

a. Pre modify the noun=Adjective

b. Pre modify the Adjective= Adverb

c. Pre/post modify the verb=adverb

d. Noun- adjective (Noun+Noun)

Noun-adjectives: Sometimes we use a noun to describe another noun. The first word is usually a noun but here functions as an adjective modifying the second word.

For example, government road accident research centre, city government, article writer, bicycle thief, Sunday picnic, pumpkin pie, news reporter, table tennis.  athletic trainer, race horse, boat race,  love story, war story, tennis ball,  computer exhibition, bicycle shop, food adulteration, tea table, grammar book

2. Appositive

=noun or noun phrase

=It is placed after noun or noun phrase

= giving extra information about previous noun or noun phrase

= Appositive can be used as subject or object.

Tamim Islam=noun

Student=noun

A student=noun phrase

A meritorious student=noun phrase

A very meritorious student=noun phrase

Appositive as subject

Bonna, my sister, is 17 years old. My mom, a nurse, drives a red car. Kamal, a painter, painted this picture. Mr. Hasan, the principal at my school, wears a tie every day. My best friend, Rana, is moving in with me. Her first teacher, Minu, was a strict person. My friends, the noisiest gang, knocked at my door. Makamum, my eight month-old daughter, is eating noodles. Jerry, your little cat, is not so little any more. My mom, a nurse at the hospital, has to work late sometimes. My friend, Liza is an excellent dancer. The jeans, my favorite pant, need to be washed.

Appositive as object

I like Monika, the best actress in our school. I really like my grand father’s horse, Chester. The little boy stood up to John, the biggest liar. The girl in the red dress is Sarah, our best actress. Have you read Brothers, a book by Dean Hughes? I know Rana, the electrical contractor. The apartment had bugs, big brown cockroaches. I travelled to Mexico City, the biggest city in the world.

3. Nonfinite verb: to+v1, v1+ing, v3

Infinitive=to+v1

Infinitive phrase= to+v1+ext….

Participle= v1+ing, v3

to go

to go to Satkhira

Present Participle= v1+ing

Past Participle= v3

People (Present Participle=drinking) dirty water suffer a lot.

People (Past Participle=addicted) to alchohol lose everything.

4. Determiner: Determiners are words which come at the beginning of the noun phrase. They tell us whether the noun phrase is specific or general. Articles, demonstrative pronoun, possessive pronoun, quantifier, number, ordinal are included in determiner.

a. Articles= a, an, the

b. Demonstratives=this, that, these, those, such

this, these=near in time and distance

that, those=far in time and distance

c. Possessives=my, your, our, their, his, hers, its, whose, Rana’s, friends’ etc.

d. Quantifiers= much, little, a bit, a great deal of, many, few, a number of, several, all, enough, more, most, less, no, none, some, any, a lot of, lots of, plenty of

e. Numbers=one, two, three, twenty, forty, 1, 2, 3 first, second, third, 1st, 2nd, 3rd, single, double, triple

5. Intensifier

=adverb

= to give force or emphasis

= very, so, enough

I strongly disagree. It’s extremely hot in Africa. Do you really mean it? It’s fairly interesting. It’s quite calm here. He’s pretty intelligent. These students are rather noisy. I so wanted to buy the dress. She writes poems too often. It’s absolutely amazing. I am a little angry with her. You play card very well.

6. Relative clause/adjective clause

Re means back and lative means relation

Relative pronoun (who, which, that, what, whom, whose) placed before an adjective clause connects a clause or phrase to a noun or pronoun.

Relative clauses= Relative clauses start with the relative pronouns.

The cyclist who won the race trained hard. The pants that I bought yesterday are already stained. The four team leaders, whomever the committee selects, will be at tomorrow’s meeting. Biriani, which we eat twice a week, is one of my favorite meals. The book, when it was finally returned, was torn and stained. The store on the corner, where we usually buy all of our art supplies, burned to the ground. The festival, which lasted all day, ended with a banquet. I am looking for someone who can watch my dog while I go on vacation. The police needed details that could help identify the robber. I’d like to take you to a café which serves excellent coffee. I saw the shoes what you bought last week on sale for less this week. The winners, when known, will receive money and other prizes. This is the place where we met. This is the book that everyone is talking about. She wrote to the person whom she had met last month.

7. Prepositional Phrases: A prepositional phrase starts with a preposition and ends with a noun, pronoun, gerund, or clause, the “object” of the preposition. It functions as an adjective or adverb.

Commonly used Prepositional Phrases: According to the weather forecast, Across many deserts, After many tries, Amid the confusion, Around the world, Before we start the meeting, Between a rock and a hard place, By the light of the moon, like a beautiful swan, Near the ocean, Of my boss, Off the top, Out the door, Through the looking glass, Throughout the thick forest, To the amusement park

Prepositional Phrases that function as an Adjective: The book with the tattered cover has been read many times. All the passengers aboard the runaway train were frightened. The present inside the big box is mine. Our boss put out a memo regarding the new rule. The clues within the first few chapters will lead to the murderer. His is only one voice among many, but it will be heard.

Prepositional Phrases that function as Adverbs:  Racing toward the finish line, Sarah realized she just might win. My shopping list needs to be put into my purse. Without a GPS, we will lose our way. Until today, I had never heard that. The balloon drifted up the stairs. Put the fresh flowers upon a high shelf. Despite warnings, she tried to ski down Devil’s Run. Against all odds, our team won the tournament. The tiger crept slowly over the grass. We will order pizza during halftime.

8. Adverbial phrase: It is a group of words that functions as an adverb in a sentence. That is, it modifies a verb, adjective, adverb, clause, or the sentence as a whole. Adverbial phrases often feature an adverb being modified by other elements, but not always.

For examples: very quickly, in a while, just a bit, surprisingly well, at the fairground, slightly close, as soon as possible

Here are some examples of adverb phrases being used in sentences:

She rode her bike very hastily. The farmers worked like a single unit. The surf at the beach was coming in extremely quickly. After they woke up, they packed up their things and then went on a hike. He read the restaurant’s menu rather slowly.

9. Adverbial Clause: It is a dependent clause that acts as an adverb in the sentence. Adverb clauses begin with subordinating conjunctions. Unlike an adjective clause, in which the introductory word serves as the subject, the subordinating conjunction does not serve as the subject. The subordinating conjunction is often an adverb itself. 

Example: Because he has a college degree, he got a great job. When the storm started, she was at the store. Bob wore the coat that I gave himWhether you like it or not, you have to go to bed now. She likes the red car more than her husband doesIf you pay your bills, you will have a good credit score. Unless you run fast, you will miss the bus. So that she would have a tan for her vacation, she went to a tanning salon. Marty kept his schedule open, in case of emergenciesBecause he loved her, he didn’t believe she had an affair. Once they saw the car coming, the birds flew away from the street. Although she has a business degree, she is working as a retail clerk. You must keep practicing the etude until you get it rightIn order to have six-pack abs, he works out at the gym. As we bought the tickets, the overture was beginning.

10. Compounds: Compoundingis the process of combining two words to create a new word (commonly a noun, verb, or adjective). Compounds are written sometimes as one word (sunglasses), sometimes as two hyphenatedwords (life-threatening), and sometimes as two separate words (football stadium).

11. Compounding is the most common type of word-formation in English.

Compound elements= Examples

noun + noun = bedroom, water tank, motorcycle, printer cartridge

verb + noun = washing machine, driving licence, swimming pool

noun + verb = Rainfall, haircut, train-spotting

adverb + noun = Onlooker, bystander

noun + adverb = hanger-on, passer-by

adjective + verb = dry-cleaning, public speaking

verb + adverb = Lookout, take-off, drawback

adjective + noun = Greenhouse, software, redhead   

adverb + verb = Output, overthrow, upturn

Exercise on Modifier

  1. The importance of — (pre-modify the noun) habits lies in character.
  2. If we practice good habits, it will take form of — (use possessive) character and vice versa.
  3. We should inculcate good habits — (use prepositional phrase).
  4. Plato scolded — (use article/determiner) lad for gambling with nuts.
  5. You are scolding me for a — (pre-modify the adjective) small matter.
  6. Plato — (Pre-modify the verb) said that habit is not a small matter.
  7. Plato was speaking out of — (use determiner) very depth of his great experience.
  8. Plato was speaking about — (use noun adjective) nature.
  9. He is — (use article) asset to the society at large.
  10. If you — (pre-modify the verb) allow a bad habit to grow, it becomes a part of your nature.
  11. Computer is an advanced — (pre modify the noun) device.
  12. It takes raw data as input — (use prepositional phrase) and processes these data.
  13. A computer has — (use determiner) functions: it accepts data, processes data, produces output and stores results.
  14. Input is the raw information — (use participle) into a computer from the input devices.
  15. The first and — (Premodify the noun) duty in student life is — (use infinitive).
  16. He should read not only his — (use participle) books.
  17. He should also read the books of — (premodify the noun) writers.
  18. He has also to read newspapers, journals and magazines and widen — (use possessive) outlook.
  19. He has to fix his aim of life and equip himself for — (use demonstrative/Determiner) profession.
  20. He should keep — (use prepositional phrase).
  21. Students of today are the — (premodify the noun) leaders of the nation.
  22. A student should not waste — (use possessive) time and energies.
  23. Once a goose used to lay a — (pre-modify the noun) egg every day.
  24. The farmer used to sell them — (use prepositional phrase).
  25. He was happy — (use an infinitive phrase) every day.
  26. But his wife was a — (pre-modify the noun) woman.
  27. She wanted — (use an infinitive) all eggs together.
  28. Then she would be a rich woman — (post-modify the verb).
  29. She cut the belly of the goose — (use an infinitive) her greed.
  30. — (use present participle phrase) of the goose, she found no egg there.
  31. She became — (pre-modify the adjective) disappointed.
  32. Her greed brought her — (pre-modify the noun) luck.
  33. I gathered a peculiar experience — (post modify the verb) while travelling to St. Martin’s Island.
  34. Habib, — (an appositive) was my guide.
  35. We watched — (use demonstrative) sea gulls.
  36. The — (pre-modify the noun) birds were flying — (post-modify the verb) with the ship.
  37. They became — (use an intensifier) dear and friendly to us.
  38. We became — (use an intensifier) excited.
  39. We decided — (use an infinitive phrase) in the idyllic island.
  40. We can never forget — (use a demonstrative) lovely sea birds.
  41. Language plays a — (pre-modify the adjective) important role in our life.
  42. We use language from the time we wake up — (use an adverbial phrase) till we go to bed at night.
  43. We use language not only in our waking hours but also in our — (use noun).
  44. We use language — (use an infinitive) what we feel, like or dislike.
  45. We also use language — (use an infinitive) information.
  46. Language is — (pre-modify the adjective) present in our activities.
  47. It is an — (pre-modify the noun) part of our life.
  48. As an — (pre-modify the noun) nation we also have a language.
  49. But we used to struggle — (post-modify the verb) to establish the right to our language.
  50. Many — (pre-modify the noun) sons sacrificed their live for the language.
  51. Education — (use appositive) is essential for development.
  52. We can improve — (use possessive) mind.
  53. An — (pre-modify the noun) person has the ability — (infinitive phrase).
  54. One can refine one’s sensibility — (present participle phrase).
  55. Actually, the educated are able to bring about — (pre-modify the noun) development.
  56. An — (pre-modify the noun) person — (pre-modify the verb) lag behind.
  57. The educated should come forward — (prepositional phrase) to educate all in the society
  58. Once upon a time there lived a — (pre-modify the noun) fox.
  59. It was roaming in search of food — (post-modify the verb).
  60. He looked, but could not find anything — (use an infinitive phrase).
  61. — (pre-modify the verb) he saw a garden at a distance.
  62. — (use a demonstrative) grapes looked quite ripe and juicy.
  63. The fox looked at the grapes with longing eyes and licked — (use possessive) chops.
  64. The fox tried — (Post-modify the verb).
  65. But he failed — (use an infinitive phrase).
  66. Bangladesh is a — (pre-modify the noun) country.
  67. It has a — (pre-modify the noun) population.
  68. Most people here live below the — (use noun adjective) line.
  69. Many poor children either drop out of school — (use a phrase).
  70. We have far too many students — (use infinitive) compared to the number of institutions.
  71. Bangladesh needs more institutions to provide for the — (use present participle) number of students.
  72. One hot — (use a noun adjective) day an ant was searching for some water.
  73. After walking for some time she came to a — (pre-modify the noun) spring.
  74. While climbing the blade of — (use a demonstrative) grass, she slipped and fell into water.
  75. Soon it carried her — (post modify the verb) to the dry ground.
  76. The ant saw a hunter standing — (use an intensifier) close to her.
  77. She went — (post-modify the verb) towards the hunter and gave him a severe bite.
  78. Seeing this, the dove flew away — (use an infinitive) her life.
  79. Othello, — (use an appositive) had risen to become a general.
  80. He had shown his bravery in many — (pre-modify the noun) battles against the Turks.
  81. Every one praised him — (post modify the verb) and the senate trusted and honoured him.
  82. Brabantio had a daughter named Desdemona — (use a relative clause).
  83. Brabantio — (pre-modify the verb) invited Othello to his house.
  84. He told them of mountains high — (use an intensifier) to touch the sky.
  85. She pitied Othello — (post modify the verb) for the misfortune of his life.
  86. Her pity — (post modify the verb) turned to love.
  87. She refused all the young men — (use an infinitive) because she loved Othello.
  88. The newspaper — (an appositive) is a printed record of current event.
  89. It gives us — (use determiner) important news of home and abroad.
  90. In a word, the newspaper is like — (use determiner) mirror of the world.
  91. The “Indian Gazette” was the — (use determiner) newspaper of the subcontinent.
  92. The Samachar Darpon was first — (use a noun adjective) newspaper.
  93. A newspaper is — (pre modify the adjective) useful to us.
  94. We cannot think of — (use possessive) morning without it.
  95. — (pre-modify the noun) people have different taste.
  96. So, a newspaper supplies us with — (use a determiner) sort of news.
  97. We all should read newspaper — (post modify the verb).
  98. Rabindranath Tagore, — (an appositive) was born in 1861.
  99. He was — (use determiner) fourteenth child of Devendranath and Sarada Devi Tagore.
  100. He went to school — (an adverbial of time) and wrote his — (Use determiner) verse at the age of eight.
  101. He reached London — (use an infinitive phrase).
  102. He gathered — (Use determiner) experience from his stay in London.
  103. — (Use a demonstrative) experience had a lasting effect on his later life.
  104. Rabindranath returned home without — (Use determiner) qualifications of distinction.
  105. However, he never gave up — (Use possessive) habit of writing poetry.
  106. Sheikh Saadi, — (an appositive), was simple in his ways of life.
  107. — (Use quantifier) day, at the invitation of the emperor, he set out for the emperor’s palace.
  108. He took shelter in a courtier’s house — (prepositional phrase).
  109. The courtier and his men did not show — (Use determiner) honour and hospitality to him.
  110. Saadi again took shelter in the — (Pre-modify the noun) courtier’s house.
  111. — (Use a demonstrative) time he put on a gorgeous dress.
  112. The courtier received him — (Post modify the verb) and entertained him with rich foods.
  113. The courtier’s men were surprised — (Use an infinitive phrase).
  114. They asked him why he was putting the foods — (with prepositional phrase).
  115. Load-shedding, — (an appositive), means intentional stopping of the supply of electricity.
  116. It occurs when — (Use article) generation of power is less than the demand.
  117. Load shedding hampers our — (pre-modify the noun) household activities.
  118. Students cannot prepare — (Use possessive) lessons and idle away their time.
  119. Parents suffer — (Post-modify the verb) because of load shedding.
  120. Load shedding hampers the smooth — (pre-modify the noun) development of a country.
  121. We should try — (Use an infinitive) more electricity through government.
  122. An all-out effort can solve — (Use a demonstrative) problem.
  123. A village doctor is a — (use an intensifier) familiar person in the rural areas of Bangladesh.
  124. He is — (pre-modify the verb) known as a quack.
  125. A village doctor is not a — (pre-modify the noun) doctor.
  126. He — (pre-modify the verb) sits in a small dispensary in the morning and evening.
  127. He treats the patients — (use a participle) small fees.
  128. A village doctor is not a — (pre-modify the noun) man.
  129. His chamber is — (pre-modify the verb) furnished.
  130. He cannot supply costly medicines to the (h) — (pre-modify the noun) patients.
  131. The number of qualified doctors is — (use an intensifier) few.
  132. So, a village doctor is a great friend to the — (pre-modify the noun) people.
  133. Nelson Mandela, — (an appositive), is one of the greatest leaders of the world.
  134. During — (use article) time of Mandela, the Europeans were separated from the no-Europeans.
  135. It was a — (use noun adjective) policy of racial segregation.
  136. The blacks were subjected to — (use quantifier) sorts of indignities.
  137. They were denied all basic — (pre-modify the noun) rights.
  138. They were in fact aliens in — (use possessive) own country.
  139. The blacks were also treated — (post-modify the verb).
  140. The — (pre-modify the noun) leader vowed to put an end to the inhuman practice.
  141. Unfortunately, — (use a demonstrative) great man was thrown behind the prison bars.
  142. The great leader fulfilled the goal of liberating — (use possessive) people.
  143. Water is a — (pre-modify the noun) substance.
  144. It has no color of — (possessive) own.
  145. The — (use determiner) name of water is life.
  146. By drinking water, we can quench — (use possessive to pre-modify the noun) thirst.
  147. But — (pre-modify the noun) water is life killing.
  148. We may — (pre modify the verb) face — (pre-modify the noun) death by drinking such type of water.
  149. We are responsible for — (use noun adjective) pollution.
  150. Besides, latrines — (use participle) on ponds and rivers cause water pollution.
  151. — (pre-modify the noun) awareness should be raised to stop water pollution.
  152. 21st February, — (use an appositive), in our history is now observed all over the world.
  153. People of our country get up — (post-modify the verb) in the morning.
  154. They walk — (post-modify the verb) to the Shaheed Minar.
  155. Most of them put on — (pre-modify the noun) badges on their shoulder.
  156. They go to the Shaheed Minar — (use a participle) the most cherished song.
  157. They pray for the — (use a possessive) souls.
  158. They also gather in mosques, temples and other — (pre-modify the noun) institutions.
  159. They pray for the salvation of the martyr’s — (pre-modify the noun) soul.
  160. Different organizations arrange — (pre-modify the noun) programs on — (use a demonstrative) day.
  161. One day Robert Bruce — (appositive), was lying in the cave.
  162. He was thinking of — (use possessive) misfortune.
  163. He thought that he would not be able — (use an infinitive phrase).
  164. Suddenly, he saw a spider — (a prepositional/an adverbial of place).
  165. The spider was trying to reach — (use determiner) ceiling of the cave.
  166. It almost got to the point — (use quantifier) times.
  167. It was trying — (an adverbial).
  168. Robert Bruce became amazed — (use an infinitive phrase) the success of the spider.
  169. He remembered the small spider and prepared — (an adverb) for the battle.
  170. He fought hard with the English and — (use a demonstrative) time, he came out successful.
  171. Bangladesh — (an appositive), has a huge population.
  172. People live below the — (pre-modify the noun) line.
  173. They can’t therefore afford to educate — (Use a possessive) children.
  174. Many poor children drop out of school after just a — (Use a quantifier) years.
  175. We have far too many students — (Use infinitive) compared to the number of institutions available.
  176. Bangladesh needs — (Use a determiner) schools, colleges and universities.
  177. Students do not get a — (Pre-modify the noun) education for lack of facilities.
  178. A moonlit night, — (an appositive), is very charming and enjoyable.
  179. It presents an — (Use an adjective) sight.
  180. On — (Use article) moonlit night, the moon looks like a disk of silver.
  181. The whole world shines — (post modify the verb).
  182. People of — (Use determiner) ages enjoy a moonlit night.
  183. They pass — (Use possessive) time talking to each other.
  184. — (Use quantifier) people arrange picnic on the roof — (Use an infinitive phrase) the time.
  185. A moonlit night has — (Use determiner) special significance for the poor.
  186. Most of — (use a possessive) students cannot write out their examination papers fairly.
  187. They cannot understand the questions — (post-modify the verb).
  188. Students — (pre-modify the verb) lengthen them unnecessarily.
  189. Their — (pre-modify the noun) answers generally become disgusting and unnecessary.
  190. Such answers always earn — (pre-modify the noun) marks.
  191. All you should do, is to understand the questions — (post modify the verb).
  192. Don’t worry, if — (use a possessive) answers are fairly short.
  193. You should make your presentation neat and clean — (use an infinitive phrase).
  194. Make your sentences — (use an intensifier) short and simple.
  195. Nobel Prize is awarded for — (pre-modify the noun) contributions to different fields.
  196. It is awarded in — (pre-modify the noun) fields.
  197. It is the world’s most — (pre-modify the noun) prize.
  198. The prize money is divided — (post-modify the verb) among them.
  199. Alfred Nobel earned a lot of money — (a present participle phrase).
  200. For this — (pre-modify the noun) invention he became famous.
  201. His name and fame spread — (post-modify the verb).
  202. There is a Nobel committee — (an infinitive) the right person for award.
  203. The winners of Nobel Prize are treated with — (pre-modify the noun) respect.
  204. The world will always remember him for his — (pre-modify the noun) contribution.
  205. Books are — (an intensifier) essential for us.
  206. They help us — (an infinitive) knowledge.
  207. — (a present participle) books, we can know everything.
  208. They show us the — (pre-modify the noun) way.
  209. Books can be our — (pre-modify the noun) friends.
  210. They help us — (an infinitive) our mind.
  211. They improve our — (pre-modify the noun) power.
  212. They give us solace to our — (pre-modify the noun) mind.
  213. Besides reading — (pre-modify the noun) books, students should read other books.
  214. If they read other books, they will be able to know everything — (post modify the verb).
  215. Once upon a time there lived — (Use article) generous and kindhearted king.
  216. But the people were not happy with — (Use possessive) king.
  217. The king would not do — (use determiner) work other than eating and sleeping.
  218. He spent many days in — (Use possessive) bed either eating something or sleeping.
  219. He became — (use an adverb) inactive.
  220. The king became — (use article) potato couch
  221. — (Use quantifier) day he realized that he could not even move his body.
  222. He invited — (pre-modify the noun) doctors in his country.
  223. Rabindranath Tagore was a — (pre-modify the noun) poet of Bengali literature.
  224. He was born in a — (pre-modify the noun) family at Jarasanko, Kolkata.
  225. He went to school — (post modify the verb).
  226. He wrote his — (pre modify the noun) verse at the age of eight.
  227. He went to London — (use infinitive) school there.
  228. He was put up in lodging house under the care of a — (pre modify the noun) coach, Mr. Scott.
  229. He was lucky — (with infinitive) an English family of Mr. Scott.
  230. He also visited the House of parliament — (with an infinitive) debates on Irish rule.
  231. He wrote letters to Kolkata — (use present participle) English society.
  232. At this, his family thought that they might lose their son — (post modify the verb).
  233. He fought — (post modify the verb) and won the battle.
  234. He saw three witches — (a present participle) about him.
  235. He came — (an infinitive) from the witches.
  236. He became — (pre modify the adjective with an intensifier) ambitious.
  237. His wife also wanted Macbeth — (post modify the verb with an infinitive) the king.
  238. She was a very — (pre modify the noun) woman.
  239. So she began — (an infinitive) Macbeth.
  240. Then they both plotted to kill Duncan, — (an appositive).
  241. They planned — (an infinitive) Duncan.
  242. Mother is an — (pre-modify the noun) blessing in the world.
  243. Mother’s day is a — (Use an intensifier) significant day.
  244. Mothers’ day is now observed — (Use an adverbial phrase) around the world.
  245. The sons and daughters — (pre-modify the verb) wait for this day.
  246. They buy some special presents for their — (premodify the noun) mother.
  247. It brings a — (Use an adverb) happiness between a mother and — (Use a possessive) children.
  248. The mother — (pre-modify the verb) draws her children with her motherly affection.
  249. We pay a — (Use a participle) tribute to our dear mothers.
  250. Education is the process of developing our body, mind and soul through — (pre-modify the noun) learning.
  251. Its necessity cannot be described — (post-modify the verb).
  252. It is one of the — (pre-modify the noun) needs of a human being.
  253. It is a process by which our physical and — (pre-modify the noun) faculties are developed.
  254. A body cannot stand — (post-modify the verb) without a backbone.
  255. Education are of — (pre-modify the noun) kinds — formal and informal education.
  256. Education is necessary for — (pre-modify the noun) development of body, mind and soul.
  257. A — (pre-modify the noun) fox was roaming in search of food — (adverbial).
  258. He looked, but could not find anything — (use an infinitive phrase).
  259. — (pre-modify the verb) he saw a garden at a distance.
  260. He went there without — (use determiner) delay.
  261. The fox saw — (use article) number of grapevines laden with bunch of grapes.
  262. — (use a demonstrative) grapes looked quite ripe and juicy.
  263. The fox looked at the grapes with longing eyes and licked — (use possessive) chops.
  264. The fox tried — (adverbial).
  265. He failed — (use an infinitive phrase).
  266. Education, — (apposition), is considered to be the backbone of a nation.
  267. Mr Alom, — (use an appositive), usually goes for a — (use a noun adjective) walk every day.
  268. He saw a man — (use a participle) senseless — (use prepositional phrase).
  269. He — (premodify the verb) went nearer to the man and tried — (use infinitive phrase).
  270. Mr Alom became — (use an intensifier) afraid of the unwanted situation.
  271. He was a — (use a noun adjective) officer.
  272. The officer came and took the man to the — (pre-modify the noun) hospital.
  273. People are considered obese when — (use possessive) body mass index.
  274. Obesity increases the likelihood of — (pre-modify the noun) diseases.
  275. Female education is — (use an intensifier) essential for the overall development of a nation.
  276. — (use a participle), no nation can prosper. 
  277. But most of the women are lagging — (post-modify the noun) in education.
  278. Without female education, our — (pre-modify the noun) development is not possible.
  279. Women need to be educated for — (pre-modify the noun) reasons.
  280. A woman should be educated — (post-modify the verb).
  281. An — (premodify the noun) woman is conscious of her duties, rights and responsibilities.
  282. So, we should take every necessary step (h) ——(use an infinitive phrase) our female force.
  283. An educated woman can bring up her children — (post-modify the verb).
  284. Give me an educated mother, and I will give you an — (pre-modify the noun) nation.
  285. Once a tiger was — (use intensifier) hungry.
  286. He was looking for — (pre-modify the noun) animals to eat.
  287. But he failed — (use infinitive phrase).
  288. Then he met a — (pre-modify the noun) fox.
  289. And — (use a demonstrative) fox was also hungry.
  290. — (use a participle) satisfied a farmer set a trap to kill the tiger as it hunted its lambs ago.
  291. Bangladesh is a — (pre-modify the noun) country.
  292. Though it is a small country, it has a — (pre-modify the noun) population.
  293. It gained independence — (post-modify the verb).
  294. — (a present participle) for nine months, we achieved our freedom. 
  295. About three — (pre-modify the noun) people were killed in the war. 
  296. They sacrificed their lives — (an infinitive) freedom.
  297. We should not forget — (use a possessive) contribution.
  298. Now we are progressing — (post-modify the verb).
  299. Now we are able — (an infinitive) our problems.
  300. Our people will see — (pre-modify the noun) days soon.
  301. Deforestation means cutting down of trees — (post-modify the verb).
  302. Trees are being cut and thus it causes — (premodify the noun) imbalance.
  303. Some dishonest people cut trees in our forest — (use an infinitive phrase) money.
  304. Due to deforestation carbon dioxide is increasing — (post-modify the verb).
  305. The — (use a noun adjective) level is rising.
  306. New areas are — (use a participle) turned into desert as a result of deforestation.
  307. — (use a participle) trees in such an indiscriminate rate will be hazardous for existence.
  308. If we destory trees — (use an adverbial phrase), the country will turn into a great desert.
  309. The — (use a participle) temperature will cause greenhouse effect.
  310. Necessary measures should be taken — (use an infinitive phrase).
  311. A marriage ceremony is a — (Pre-modify the noun) occasion.
  312. It happens at the residence of the bride’s father on a — (Pre-modify the adjective) agreed day.
  313. The bridegroom’s party arrives — (Post-modify the verb) in time in their best dresses.
  314. The people of the bride — (Pre-modify the verb) receive him.
  315. Then the — (use noun adjective) ceremony begins.
  316. A — (use noun adjective) registrar makes a document for the registration of the marriage.
  317. The bride and bridegroom then perform some — (Pre-modify the noun) rites in a solemn way.
  318. A — (Pre-modify the noun) feast follows.
  319. The happy ceremony ends with a — (Pre-modify the noun) sense of separation.
  320. Amerigo, — (use noun in apposition) lives alone.
  321. No one of his parents wants — (use infinitive) his responsibility.
  322. — (use possessive) mother told him to go away because she is married to another man.
  323. — (use determiner) streets are now his home.
  324. He wanted money from his father to buy a — (Pre-modify the noun) ticket.
  325. — (use adverbial) he finds work.
  326. Some of — (use demonstrative) works are very risky for him.
  327. Once he sold ice-cream — (use prepositional phrase).
  328. But he got — (use quantifier) money in return from the owner of ice-cream.
  329. Unity is — (use an intensifier) essential — (use infinitive) the problems of life.
  330. The story is of an — (pre-modify the noun) man and his — (pre-modify the noun) sons. 
  331. He gave a bundle of sticks to his sons and asked them — (use infinitive phrase).
  332. He — (pre-modify the verb) asked them to break the stick.
  333. They could do — (post-modify the verb).
  334. This is — (pre-modify the adjective) true in case of a society or a nation.
  335. Tokai is a — (Use an adjective) Bangla word.
  336. It means one — (Use an adjective clause).
  337. He is a boy of the street — (Use a participle) no home and hearth.
  338. He leads a — (Use an intensifier) dirty and unhygienic life. 
  339. He puts on rags and — (Use an participle phrase) clothes.
  340. Bad smell comes from — (Use possessive) body and dress.
  341. He roams about in the streets — (Use a participle phrase) torn papers and clothes.
  342. He earns his livelihood — (Use a gerund phrase).
  343. If he can save money, he goes to the cinema hall — (Use an infinitive) a film.
  344. This is the way of their life — (post-modify the noun).
  345. I had to witness a very — (pre-modify the noun) street accident yesterday.
  346. Ruma, — (an appositive), also witnessed the accident.
  347. We were walking — (post-modify the verb) along the right side of the road.
  348. A jeep was coming with a great speed from the — (pre-modify the noun) direction.
  349. He was an — (pre-modify the noun) man and slower than usual.
  350. The jeep could not control — (possessive case) speed and ran over the old man.
  351. To — (use a possessive case) horror we saw that the man became a lump of flesh.
  352. We went to the — (use a noun) station to file a case against the driver.
  353. The officer-in-change thanked us for our — (pre-modify the noun) acts.
  354. Rabindranath Tagore, — (post-modify the noun with appositive), was born in 1861.
  355. He was born in a — (pre-modify the noun) family at Jorasanko in Kolkata.
  356. He was — (use determiner) fourteenth child of Devendranath and Sarada Tagore.
  357. He went to school — (post-modify the verb) and wrote his — (use determiner) verse at 8.
  358. He gathered much experience from his stay — (prepositional phrase).
  359. — (use a demonstrative) had a lasting effect on his later life.
  360. In 1880 he returned home without (h) — (use determiner) qualifications of distinction.
  361. However, he never gave up (i) — (use possessive) habit of writing poetry.
  362. He was awarded the Nobel Prize in 1913 for his Gitanjali, (an appositive). 
  363. I can remember a memorable incident that happened — (post-modify the verb).
  364. It was a — (use a noun adjective) holiday.
  365. My cousin, — (an appositive), was with me.
  366. It was not — (post-modify the noun) river. 
  367. But it was — (use an intensifier) beautiful.
  368. We saw many small boats — (use participle phrase).
  369. Then we came across a — (use a noun adjective) line.
  370. The train was — (post-modify the noun) and many people were hanging.
  371. The train — (use a prepositional phrase) disappeared very quickly.
  372. We became very thrilled — (use an infinitive phrase).
  373. Nelson Mandela — (appositive), is one of the greatest leaders of the world, no doubt.
  374. During — (use article) time of him, the Europeans were separated from the non-Europeans.
  375. It was — (use noun-adjective) policy of racial segregation.
  376. The blacks were subjected to— (use quantifier) sorts of indignities.
  377. They were denied all basic — (pre-modify the noun) rights.
  378. They were in fact aliens in — (use possessive) own country.
  379. The blacks were also treated — (post-modify the verb).
  380. The — (pre-modify the noun) leader vowed to put an end to the inhuman practice.
  381. Unfortunately, — (use demonstrative) great man thrown behind the prison bars.
  382. The great leader fulfilled the goal of liberating — (use possessive) people.
  383. Newspaper plays a very — (pre-modify the noun) role in modern civilization.
  384. Only — (pre-modify the noun) knowledge is not enough in this competitive world.
  385. A newspaper helps a man — (infinitive) his general knowledge.
  386. Besides academic books, one should read newspapers — (post-modify the verb).
  387. Newspaper helps one — (an infinitive) the facts of the world.
  388. — (present participle phrase) regularly, one can be aware of everything.
  389. There are — (pre-modify the noun) kinds of newspapers.
  390. One should select the newspaper — (post-modify the verb).
  391. One should choose the — (premodify the noun) paper.
  392. Whatever the paper is, it — (pre-modify the verb) helps a man.
  393. The newspaper, — (appositive), is a printed record of current event.
  394. It gives us — (use determiner) the important news of home and abroad.
  395. In a word, the newspaper is like— (use article) “mirror” of the world.
  396. The “Indian Gazette” was the— (use determiner) newspaper of the subcontinent. 
  397. “The Samachar Darpon” was the first — (pre-modify the noun) newspaper.
  398. A newspaper is — (pre-modify the adjective) useful to us.
  399. We cannot think of — (use possessive) morning without it.
  400. — (pre-modify the noun) people have different tastes.
  401. So, a newspaper supplies us with— (use determiner) sorts of news.
  402. So, we all should read newspapers — (post-modify the verb).

 

Read the following text and use modifiers as directed in the blank spaces.    

The importance of (a) —- (Use an adjective to pre-modify the noun) habits lies in the fact that if we practice good habits, it will take form of (b) —-  (Use possessive to pre-modify the noun) character and vice versa. Habits become part of our nature. We should inculcate good habits (c) —- (Post-modify the verb with prepositional phrase). The great philosopher Plato scolded (d) —- (Use article to pre-modify the noun) lad for gambling with nuts, and the boy replied, “You are scolding me for a (e) —-  (Pre-modify the adjective with an adverb) small matter.” The great philosopher (f) —-  (Pre-modify the verb with an adverb) said, “My boy, habit is not a small matter.” Plato was here speaking out of (g) —-  (Use determiner to pre-modify the noun) very depth of his great experience of (h) —-  (Use an adjective to pre-modify the noun) nature. A man with good habits plays an important role in the development of the society. He is (i) —- (Use article to pre-modify the noun) asset to the society at large. It is important to understand that if you (j) —-  (Use an adverb to pre-modify the verb) allow a bad habit to grow, it becomes a part of our nature.

Answer:  (a) good (b) our (c) in our life (d) a (e) very (f) gravely (g) the (h) human (i) an (j) once

Read the following text carefully and use suitable modifiers in the blank spaces.

1. Computer is an advanced (a) — (use adjective as premodifier) device that takes raw data as input (b) — (use prepositional phrase as postmodifier) and processes these data under the control of set of instructions (c) — (use past participle as premodifier) program and gives the result named output and saves output (d) — (use prepositional phrase as postmodifier). It can process both numerical and non-numerical calculations. A computer has (e) — (use cardinal adjective as premodifier) functions : it accepts data, processes data, produces, output and stores results. Input is the raw information (f) — (use present participle) into a computer from the input devices. It is the collection of letters, numbers, images etc. Process is the operation of data as per (g) — (use past participle phrase as postmodifier). It is totally internal process of the (h) — (use noun as premodifier) system. Output is the processed data (i) — (use past participle phrase as postmodifier) after data processing. Output is also called result. We can save (j) — (use demonstrative adjective as premodifier) results in the storage devices for future use.

Answer: (a) electronic, (b) from the user, (c) called, (d) for future use, (e) four, (f) entered, (g) given instructions, (h) computer, (i) given by computer, (j) these

2. The first and (a) — (Premodify the noun) duty in student life is (b) — (postmodify using infinitive). A student should remember that knowledge is power. He should read not only his (c) — (premodify the noun using past participle) books but also the books of (d) — (premodify the noun using adjective) writers in (e) — premodify the noun using adjective) branches of studies. He has also to read newspapers, journals and magazines and widen (f) — (premodify the noun using possessive adjective) outlook. He has to fix his aim of life and equip himself for (g) — (premodify the noun using demonstrative adjective) profession. He should keep (h) — (postmodify using prepositional phrase) that the students of today are the (i) — (premodify the noun using adjective) leaders of the nation. Therefore, a student should not waste (j) — (premodify the noun using possessive adjective) time, energies and faculties in matters other than education and learning.

Answer: (a) foremost, (b) to study/to acquire knowledge, (c) prescribed, (d) famous, (e) different/various, (f) his/her, (g) that, (h) in mind, (i) future, (j) his/her

3. Once a farmer had a goose. It used to lay a (a) — pre-modify the noun) egg every day. The farmer used to sell them (b) —  (post-modify the verb). He was happy (c) — (post-modify the adjective with an infinitive) every day. But his wife was a (d) — (pre-modify the noun) woman. She wanted (e) – (post-modify the verb with an infinitive) all egg together. Then she would be a rich woman (f) — (post-modify the verb). She cut the belly of the goose (g) — (post-modify the verb with an infinitive) her greed. (h) — (pre-modify the verb with present participle) of the goose, she found no egg there. She became (i) — (pre-modify the adjective with adverb) disappointed and lost the goose forever. She realized that it was her greed that brought her (j) — (pre-modify the noun) luck. 

Answer: (a) golden (b) in the market  (c) to get an egg (d) greedy (e)  to get (f) quickly (g) to satisfy (h) cutting the belly (i) extremely/very (j) bad

4. I had gathered a peculiar experience (a) — (post modify the verb) while travelling to St. Martin’s Island. I visited the island along with my family. Zahid, (b) — (post modify the noun with an appositive) was my guide. On the way to the island, we watched (c) — (demonstrative to pre-modify the noun) sea gulls. The (d) — (pre-modify the noun) birds were flying (e) — (post-modify the verb) with the ship. They became (f) — (use an intensifier to pre-modify the adjective) dear and friendly to us. We entertained them with biscuits (g) — them (use a present participle to pre-modify the verb). We became (h) — (use an intensifier to pre-modify the adjective) excited. We decided (i) — (use an infinitive phrase to post modify the verb) in the idyllic island for a couple of days. We can never forget (j) — (use a demonstrative to pre-modify the adjective phrase to post modify the verb) lovely sea birds. 

Answer: (a) a few days ago/unexpectedly (b) a local boy (c) those (d) beautiful (e) elegantly/along (f) very (g) entertaining/taming/feeding (h) very (i) to stay (j) those

5. Language plays a (a) — (pre-modify the adjective with an adverb) important role in our life. We use language from the time we wake up (b) — (post-modify the verb with an adverbial phrase) till we go to bed at night. We use language not only in our waking hours but also in our (c) — (use noun as a post-modifier). We use language (d) — (post-modify the verb with an infinitive) what we feel and to say what we like or dislike. We also use language (e) — (post-modify the verb with an infinitive) information. Language is (f) — (pre-modify the adjective with an adverb) present in our activities. It is an (g) — (pre-modify the noun with an adjective) part of our life. As an (h) — (pre-modify the noun with an adjective) nation we also have a language. But we used to struggle (i) — (post-modify the verb with an adverb) to establish the right to our language. Many (j) — (pre-modify the noun with an adjective) sons sacrificed their live for the language. 

Answer: (a) very (b) in the morning (c) walking (d) to express (e)  to get/to exchange (f) always/ever  (g)integral/important (h) independent (i) hard (j) brave

6. Education (a) — (use appositive to post-modify the noun) is essential for development. We can improve (b) — (possessive to pre-modify the noun) mind. An (c) — (adjective to pre-modify the noun) person has the ability (d) — (infinitive phrase). One can refine one’s sensibility (e) — (present participle phrase). Actually, the educated are able to bring about (f) — (pre-modify the noun) development. On the other hand, an (g) —(pre-modify the noun with adjective) person (h) — (Use adverb to pre-modify the verb) lag behind. So, the educated should come forward (i) — (prepositional phrase) to educate all in the society to unload (j) — (use determiner) owes to the country. 

Answer: (a) the backbone of any nation (b) our  (c) educated ; (d) to contribute something to the development programme (e) by receiving proper education (f) rapid (g) illiterate (h) always (i) without any delay (j) the

7. Once upon a time a (a) — (Use an adjective to pre-modify the noun) fox was roaming in search of food (b) — (Post-modify the verb with adverbial). He looked, but could not find anything (c) — (use an infinitive phrase to post-modify the verb). He was feeling very weak and tired due to hunger. (d) — (Pre-modify the verb with adverb) he saw a garden at a distance. He went there without (e) — (Use determiner to pre-modify the noun) number of grape vines laden with bunch of grapes. (f) — (use a demonstrative to pre-modify the noun phrase) grapes looked quite ripe and juicy. The fox looked at the grapes with longing eyes and licked (g) — (Use possessive to pre-modify the noun) chops. The grapes were in a place too high for him. The fox tried (h) — (Post-modify the verb with adverbial). But he failed (i) — (Use an infinitive phrase to post-modify the verb). Therefore, he walked away in despair. 

Answers: (a) a few days ago/unexpectedly (b) a local boy (c) those (d) beautiful (e)  elegantly/along (f) very (g) entertaining/taming/feeding (h) very (i) to stay (j) those

8. Bangladesh is a (a) — (pre-modify the noun) country but has a (b) —— (pre-modify the noun) population. Most people here live below the (c) — (Use noun adjective to pre-modify the noun) line and can’t therefore afford to educate their children. Many poor children either drop out of school (d) — (post-modify the verb with a phrase) or (e) —— (pre-modify the verb) simply do not go to school at all. Despite this situation, we have far too many students (f) — (Use infinitive to post-modify the verb) compared to the number of institutions (g) —— (post-modify the noun). Bangladesh needs more schools, colleges and universities to provide for the (h) — (Pre-modify the noun with a present participle) number of students. But owing to financial and resource constrains, the government cannot fund the (h) — (Pre-modify the noun) number of educational institutions. At present, there is hardly any educational institution (j) —— (post-modify the nun with adjective clause). 

Answers: (a) small (b) huge/large  (c) poverty (d) just after a few years (e)  simply (f) to be/to educate (g) available (h) increasing;  (i) necessary/requisite (j) which is not over-crowed

9. One hot (a) — (use a noun adjective to pre-modify the noun) day an ant was searching for some water. After walking for some time she came to a (b) —- (use an adjective to pre-modify the noun) spring. To reach the spring she had to climb up a blade of grass. While climbing the blade of (c) — (use a demonstrative to pre-modify the noun) grass, she slipped and fell into water. A dove from a mango tree saw this incident. (d) — (use a present participle phrase to pre-modify the verb), the dove quickly plucked off a leaf and dropped it into the water near the (e) — (use a present participle to pre-modify the noun) ant. The ant moved towards the leaf and climbed up there. Soon it carried her (f) — (use an adverb to post modify the verb) to the dry ground. Just at that time the ant saw a hunter standing (g) —- (use an intensifier to pre-modify the adjective) close to her. When the hunter was aiming an arrow at the dove, the ant decided (h) — (use an infinitive phrase to post-modify the verb). She went (i) — (use an adverb to post-modify the verb) towards the hunter and gave him a severe bite. The hunter crying out in pain missed the target. Seeing this, the dove flew away (j) — (use an infinitive to post-modify the verb) her life. Answers:

10. Othello, (a) — (use an appositive to post modify the noun) had risen to become a general. He had shown his bravery in many (b) — (use an adjective to pre-modify the noun) battles against the Turks. Every one praised him (c) — (use adverb to post modify the verb) and the senate trusted and honoured him. Brabantio, a rich senator of Venice had a daughter named Desdemona (d) — (use a relative clause to post modify the noun). Brabantio (e) — (use an adverb to pre-modify the verb) invited Othello to his house where he and his daughter listened in wonder to Othello as he spoke about his adventures. He told them of deserts, of caves and of mountains high (f) — (use an intensifier to pre-modify the adjective) to touch the sky. Desdemona had to weep (g) — (use present participle to post modify the verb phrase) and she never became tired of listening to it. She pitied Othello (h) — (use an adverb to post modify the verb) for the misfortune and hardships of his life. Her pity (i) — (use an adverb to post modify the verb) turned to love. She refused all the young men (j) — (use an infinitive to post-modify the verb) because she loved Othello, a noble Muslim Moor from North Africa.

Answers: (a) a black moor/a brave soldier (b) bloody/fierce/fearful/dangerous (c) highly (d) who loved him/who was very beautiful (e) often/sometimes (f) enough (g) listening to his stories/hearing (h) heavily/much (i) soon/finally (j) to marry  

11. The newspaper (a) — (post-modify the noun with an appositive) is a printed record of current event. It gives us (b) — (use determiner to pre-modify the noun phrase) important news of home and abroad. In a word, the newspaper is like (c) — (use article to pre-modify the noun) mirror of the world. The newspaper was first introduced in China. The “Indian Gazette” was the (d) — (use determiner to pre-modify phrase) newspaper of the subcontinent. The Samachar Darpon was first (e) — (use a noun adjective to pre-modify the noun newspaper. A newspaper is (f) — (use an adverb to modify the adjective) useful to us. We cannot think of (g) — (use possessive to modify the noun) morning without it. (h)— (use an adjective to pre-modify the noun) people have different taste. So, a newspaper supplies us with (i) — (use a determiner to modify the noun) sort of news. We all should read newspaper (j) — (post modify the verb with adverb). 

Answers: (a) the third parliament/the store house of knowledge (b) all (c) a (d) first (e) Bengali/Bangla (f) very (g) our (h) different/various (i) all (j) everyday/regularly/carefully

12. Rabindranath Tagore, (a) — (Post-modify the noun with an appositive) was born in 1861 in a (b) — (Use an adjective to pre-modify the noun) family at Jorasako in Kolkata. He was (c) — (Use article to pre- modify the noun phrase) fourteenth child of Devendranath and Sarada Devi Tagore. He went to school (d) — (Post-modify the verb with an adverbial of time) and wrote his (e) — (Use determiner to pre-modify the noun) verse at the age of eight. At the age of seventeen, in 1878 he reached London (f) —— (use an infinitive phrase to post modify the verb). He gathered (g) — (Use determiner to pre-modify the noun) experience from his stay in London. (h) — (Use a demonstrative to pre-modify the noun) experience had a lasting effect on his later life. In 1880, Rabindranath returned home without (i) — (Use determiner to pre-modify the noun) qualifications of distinction. However, he never gave up (j) — (Use possessive to pre-modify the noun) habit of writing poetry. He was awarded the Nobel Prize in 1913 for his Gitanjali.

Answers: (a) a writer (b) rich (c) the (d) early (e) first (f) to study (g) much (h) this (i) any (j) his

13. Sheikh Saadi, (a) — (Post modify the noun with an appositive), was simple in his ways of life. (b) — (Use quantifier to pre-modify the noun) day, at the invitation of the emperor, he set out for the emperor’s palace in an (c) — (Pre-modify the noun) dress. He took shelter in a courtier’s house (d) — (Post modify the verb with prepositional phrase). The courtier and his men did not show (e) — (Use determiner to pre modify the noun) honour and hospitality to him. On his way back home, Saadi again took shelter in the (f) — (Pre-modify the noun) courtier’s house. (g) — (Use a demonstrative to pre-modify the noun) time he put on a gorgeous dress. The courtier received him (h) — (Post modify the verb) and entertained him with rich foods. Now Saadi began to put his foods in the pockets of his dress. The courtier’s men were surprised (i) — (Use an infinitive phrase to post modify the verb). They asked him why he was putting the foods (j) — (Post modify the verb with prepositional phrase).

14. Load-shedding, (a) — (Post modify the noun with an appositive), means intentional stopping of the supply of electricity in a (b) — (Use an adjective to pre-modify the noun) area for a certain period of time. It occurs when (c) — (Use article to pre-modify the noun) generation of power is less than the demand. Load shedding hampers our (d) — (Use an adjective to pre-modify the noun) household activities. Students cannot prepare (e) — (Use possessive to pre-modify the noun) lessons and idle away their time. Parents suffer (f) — (Post-modify the verb with an adverb) because of load shedding. In fact, load shedding hampers the smooth (g) — (Use an adjective to pre-modify the noun) development of a country. In order to solve the problem, we should try (h) — (Use an infinitive to post-modify the verb) more electricity through government and (i) — (Use an adjective to pre-modify the noun) initiatives. An all-out effort can solve (j) — (Use a demonstrative to pre-modify the noun) problem.

Answer: (a) a great curse (b) certain (c) the (d) daily (e) their  (f) greatly (g) progressive (h) to generate (i) pragmatic (j) this 

15. A village doctor is a (a|) — (use an intensifier to pre-modify the adjective) familiar person in the rural areas of Bangladesh. He is (b) —- (pre-modify the verb) known as a quack. A village doctor is not a (c) — (pre-modify the noun) doctor. He (d) — (pre-modify the verb) sits in a small dispensary in the morning and evening. He treats the patients (e) — (use a participle to post-modify the verb) small fees. A village doctor is not a (f) —- (pre-modify the noun) man. His chamber is (g) — (pre-modify the verb) furnished. He cannot supply costly medicines to the (h) — (pre-modify the noun) patients. In our country, the number of qualified doctors is (i) —- (use an intensifier to pre-modify the adjective) few. So, a village doctor is a great friend to the (j) —- (pre-modify the noun) people.

Answer: (a) very (b) mostly (c) registered/qualified (d) regularly (e)  taking (f) rich/poor (g) ill/well (h) poor (i) very (j) village/rural

16. Nelson Mandela, (a) — (post-modify the noun with an appositive), is one of the greatest leaders of the world. During (b) — (use article to pre-modify the noun) time of Mandela, the Europeans were separated from the no-Europeans. It was a (c) — (use an adjective to pre-modify the noun) policy of racial segregation. The blacks were subjected to (d) — (use quantifier to pre-modify the noun) sorts of indignities. They were denied all basic (e) — (use an adjective to pre-modify the noun) rights. They were in fact aliens in (f) — (use possessive to pre-modify the noun phrase) own country. The blacks were also treated (g) — (use an adverb to post-modify the verb). Even dogs received a much better treatment than the blacks. The (h) — (use an adjective to pre-modify the noun) leader vowed to put an end to the inhuman practice. Unfortunately, (i) —- (use a demonstrative to pre-modify the noun) great man was thrown behind the prison bars. But the oppressive rulers could not break his sprit. All his life he struggled against apartheid. Eventually, the great leader fulfilled the goal of liberating (j) — (use possessive to pre-modify the noun) people. Answer: (a) an icon of peace/an African President;  (b) the (c) good/government (d) all (e) human (f) their (g) badly/cruelly (h) great (i) this (j) his

17. Water is a (a) — (pre-modify the noun) substance. It has no color of (b) — (possessive to pre-modify) own. The (c) — (determiner to pre-modify the noun) name of water is life. By drinking water, we can quench (d) — (possessive to pre-modify the noun) thirst. Thus we can survive on earth. But (e) — (pre-modify the noun) water is life killing. By drinking contaminated water, we suffer from diseases like diarrhoea, typhoid etc. We may (f) — (pre modify the verb) face (g) — (pre-modify the noun) death by drinking such type of water. We are responsible for (h) — (noun adjective to pre-modify the noun) pollution. Waste materials from mills and factories are thrown here and there. Farmers use fertilizers and insecticides in their land. During the rainy season, they are mixed with ponds and rivers. Besides, latrines (i) — (participle to post-modify the noun) on ponds and rivers cause water pollution. (j) — (pre-modify the noun) awareness should be raised to stop water pollution.

18. 21st February, (a) — (use an appositive to post-modify the noun), in our history is now observed as the International Mother Language Day all over the world. On this day, people of our country get up (b) — (post-modify the verb) in the morning remembering the memory of the martyrs. They walk (c) — (post-modify the verb) to the Shaheed Minar. Most of them put on (d) — (pre-modify the noun) badges on their shoulder. They go to the Shaheed Minar (e) — (use a participle) the most cherished song “Amar vaiyer rokte rangano —” They pay homage and tribute to the memory of the martyrs. Offering the flowers, they pray for the (f) — (use a possessive to pre-modify the noun) souls. They also gather in mosques, temples and other (g) — (pre-modify the noun) institutions and pray for the salvation of the martyr’s (h) — (pre-modify the noun) soul. Different social and cultural organizations arrange (i) — (pre-modify the noun) programs on (j) — (use a demonstrative) day. Answer: (a) a month of mourning (b) early (c) barefooted d) black (e) singing (f) martyrs (g) sanctified/religious (h) departed (i) various (j) this

19. One day Robert Bruce, (a) — (post-modify the noun with appositive), was lying in the cave. He was thinking of (b) — (use possessive to pre-modify the noun) misfortune. He thought that he would not be able (c) — (use an infinitive phrase to post-modify, the verb). Suddenly, he saw a spider (d) — (post-modify the verb with a prepositional/an adverbial of place). The spider was trying to reach (e) — (use determiner to pre-modify the noun) ceiling of the cave. It almost got to the point (f) — (use quantifier to pre-modify the noun) times, but fell down at the last moment. It did not lose hope. It was trying (g) — (post-modify the verb with an adverbial). On the seventh attempt it reached the ceiling. Robert Bruce became very much amazed (h) — (use an infinitive phrase to post-modify the verb) the success of the spider. He felt encouraged and came out of the cave and began to gather soldiers again. He remembered the small spider and prepared (i) — (post modify the verb with an adverb) for the battle. He fought hard with the English and (j) — (use a demonstrative to pre-modify the noun) time, he came out successful. Strong will and perseverance made Robert Bruce the king of Scotland again. Answer: (a) the king of Scotland (b) his (c) to regain his lost kingdom (d) in the cave (e) the (f) several (g) again and again/to reach the ceiling (h) to see (i) well/soon/completely (j) this

20. Bangladesh (a) — (Post-modify the noun with an appositive), has a huge population. Most people here live below the (b) — (Use noun adjective to pre-modify the noun) line and can’t therefore afford to educate (c) — (Use a possessive to pre-modify the noun) children. Many poor children either drop out of school after just a (d) — (Use a quantifier to pre-modify the noun) years or simply do not go to school at all. Despite this situation, we have far too many students (e) — (Use infinitive to post-modify the verb) compared to the number of institutions available. Bangladesh needs (f) — (Use a determiner to pre-modify the noun) schools, colleges and universities to provide for the (g) — (Pre-modify the noun with a present participle) number of students. But the government cannot fund the (h) — (Pre-modify the noun) number of educational institutions. At present every educational institution is over-crowded and class size is (i) — (Pre-modify the adjective) large. Students do not get a (j) — (Pre-modify the noun) education for lack of facilities. Answer: (a) a small country (b) poverty (c) their (d) few (e) to educate (f) more (g) increasing (h) requisite (i) unusually (j) standard

21. A moonlit night, (a) —(post modify the noun with an appositive), is very charming and enjoyable. It presents an (b) — (Use an adjective to pre modify the noun) sight. On (c) — (Use article to pre modify the noun phrase) moonlit night, the moon looks like a disk of silver. The whole world shines (d) — (Use adverb to post modify the verb). People of (e) — (Use determiner to pre modify the noun) ages enjoy a moonlit night. They pass (f) — (Use possessive to pre modify the noun) time talking to each other. (g) — (modify the whole sentence with an adverb) (h) — (Use quantifier to pre modify the noun) people arrange picnic on the roof (i) — (Use an infinitive phrase to post modify the verb) the time. A moonlit night has (j) — (Use determiner to pre modify the noun) special significance for the poor.

22. Most of (a) — (use a possessive to pre-modify the noun) students cannot write out their examination papers fairly. As they cannot understand the questions (b) ——- (post-modify the verb), they often beat about the bush and cram the answers with irrelevant and unnecessary details. Sometimes they also fail to arrange their answer neatly, cleanly and systematically. Although the teacher suggests that their answer should be brief and precise, they (c) — (pre-modify the verb) lengthen them unnecessarily. Therefore, their (d) — (pre-modify the noun) answers generally become disgusting and unnecessary. Such answers always earn (e) — (pre-modify the noun) marks. In order to get expected marks, all you should do, is to understand the questions (f) — (post modify the verb) and answer them just to the point.  Don’t worry, if (g) — (use a possessive to pre-modify the noun) answers are fairly short. You should make your presentation neat and clean (h) — (use an infinitive phrase to post-modify the verb). To answer the short comprehensive questions, you should not copy anything (i) — post-modify the verb) from the passage. Make your sentences (j) — (use an intensifier to pre-modifier the adjective) short and simple. Answer: (a) our (b) properly (c) often (d) long (e) poor (f) properly  (g) your (h) to get good marks  (i) directly (j) fairly

23. Nobel Prize is awarded for (a) — (pre-modify the noun) contributions to different fields. It is awarded in (b) — (pre-modify the noun) fields. It is the world’s most (c) — (pre-modify the noun) prize. If the recipients are more than one, the prize money is divided (d) — (post-modify the verb) among them. Alfred Nobel founded the Nobel Prize. He earned a lot of money (e) — (pot-modify the verb with a present participle phrase). For this (f) — (pre-modify the noun) invention he became famous. His name and fame spread (g) — (post-modify the verb). There is a Nobel committee (h) — (post-modify the noun with an infinitive) the right person for award. The winners of Nobel Prize are treated with (i) — (pre-modify the noun) respect. The world will always remember Alfred Nobel for his (j) — (pre-modify the noun) contribution. Answer: (a) outstanding (b) six (c) prestigious ; (d) equally (e)  inventing dynamite (f) important (g) all over the world (h) to choose/to select (i) great (j) remarkable/ significant

24. Books are (a) — (pre-modify the adjective with an intensifier) essential for us. They help us (b) — (post-modify the verb with an infinitive) knowledge. (c) — (pre-modify the verb with a present participle) books, we can know everything. They show us the (d) — (pre-modify the noun) way. Books can be our (e) — (pre-modify the noun) friends. They help us (f) — (post modify the verb with an infinitive) our mind. They improve our (g) — (pre-modify the noun) power. They give us solace to our (h) — (pre-modify the noun|) mind. Besides reading (i) — (pre-modify the noun) books, students should read other books. If they read other books, they will be able to know everything (j) — (post modify the verb). Answer: (a) very (b) to gain (c) reading (d) true (e)  best (f) to develop (g) thinking (h) disturbed (i) text (j) properly

25. Once upon a time there lived (a) — (Use article to pre modify the noun phrase) generous and kindhearted king. But the people were not happy with (b) — (Use possessive to pre modify the noun) king, because the kind was too lazy and would not do (c) — (use determiner to pre modify the noun) work other than eating and sleeping. He spent days and weeks and months in (d) — (Use possessive to pre modify the noun phrase) bed either eating something or sleeping. He became (e) — (use an adverb to pre modify the adjective) inactive. The king became (f) — (use article to pre modify the noun) potato couch and the people started worrying about the king. (g) — (Use quantifier to pre modify the noun) day he realized that he could not even move his body. He became fat and his enemies made fun of him calling ‘fatty king’ or ‘bulky king’ etc. He invited (h) — (Use an adjective to pre modify the noun) doctors from (i) — (use determiner to pre modify the noun) parts of his country and offered them generous rewards (j) — (use an infinitive phrase to post modify the verb) him fit. Unfortunately, none could help the king regain his health and fitness. Answer: (a) very (b) to gain (c) reading (d) true (e)  best (f) to develop (g) thinking (h) disturbed (i) text (j) properly

26. Rabindranath Tagore was a (a) — (pre-modify the noun) poet of Bengali literature. He was born in a (b)——(pre-modify the noun) family at Jarasanko, Kolkata. He went to school(c) — (post modify the verb). He wrote his (d) — (pre modify the noun) verse at the age of eight. At the age of seventeen, he went to London (e) — (post modify the verb with infinitive) school there. He was put up in lodging house under the care of a (f) — (pre modify the noun) coach, Mr. Scott. He was lucky (g) —— (post modify the adjective with infinitive) an English family of Mr. Scott. He also visited the House of parliament (h) — (post modify the verb with an infinitive) Gladstone and John Bright’s debates on Irish rule. He wrote letters to Kolkata (i) — (post modify the verb with a present participle) English society. At this, his family thought that they might lose their son (j) — (post modify the verb). So, he was called back to Kolkata. Answer: (a) renowned/prominent/famous (b) noble/royal (c) early (d) first (e)  to attend (f) professional (g) enough to find (h) to listen to (i) admiring/praising/describing (j) forever

27. Macbeth was the General of Scotland. He fought (a) — (post modify the verb) and won the battle. While he was returning to the castle, he saw three witches (b) — (post modify the noun with a present participle) about him. He came (c) — (post modify the noun with an infinitive) from the witches that he would be the king of Scotland. He became (d) — (pre modify the adjective with an intensifier) ambitious. His wife also wanted Macbeth (e) — (post modify the verb with an infinitive) the king. She was a very (f) — (pre modify the noun) woman. So she began (g) — (post modify the verb with an infinitive) Macbeth. Then they both plotted to kill Duncan, (h) — (post modify the noun with an appositive). They planned (i) — (post modify the verb with an infinitive) Duncan when he would come to stay with them in their castle (j) — (pre-modify the verb with a present participle) a knife. Macbeth entered the room of Duncan and killed him. Answer: (a) bravely/valiantly (b) talking (c) to learn (d) very (e)  to be (f) cunning/ambitious/greedy (g) to convince/to persuade (h) the king of Scotland (i) to kill (j) taking/carrying

28. Mother is an (a) —— (Use an adjective phrase to pre-modify the noun) blessing in the world. Mothers day is a (b) —— (Use an intensifier to pre-modify the adjective) significant day observed as a (c) —— (Use an adjective to pre-modify the noun) occasion in honour of mothers. The day was for the first time, announced as a formal holiday in the United States of America. Mothers’ day is now observed (d) —— (Use an adverbial phrase to pre-modify the verb) as elsewhere around the world. The sons and daughters (e) —— (Use an adverb to pre-modify the verb) wait for this day. They buy some special presents for their (f) —— (Use a superlative degree to premodify the noun) mother. When they offer the presents, the mother becomes very happy. It brings a (g) —— (Use an adverb to pre-modify the noun) happiness between a mother and (h) —— (Use a possessive to pre-modify the noun) children. The bond of relationship between mother and children becomes everlasting. The mother (i) —— (Use an adverb to pre-modify the verb) draws her children with her motherly affection. In this way, we pay a (j) —— (Use a participle to pre-modify the noun) tribute to our dear mothers.

29. Nelson Mandela (a) —— (post-modify the noun with appositive), is one of the greatest leaders of the world, no doubt. During (b) —— (use article to pre-modify the noun) time of Mandela, the Europeans were separated from the non-Europeans. It was (c) —— (use noun-adjective to premodify the noun) policy of racial segregation. The blacks were subjected to (d) —— (use quantifier to pre-modify the noun) sorts of indignities. They were denied all basic (e) —— (use adjective to pre-modify the noun) rights. They were in fact aliens in (f) —— (use possessive) own country. The blacks were also treated (g) —— (use adverb to post-modify the verb). Even dogs received a much better treatment than the blacks. The (h) —— (use an adjective to pre-modify the noun) leader vowed to put an end to the inhuman practice. Unfortunately, (i) —— (use demonstrative to pre-modify the noun) great man thrown behind the prison bars. But the oppressive rulers could not break his spirit. All his life he struggled against apartheid. Eventually, the great leader fulfilled the goal of liberating (j) —— (use possessive to pre-modify the noun) people.

30. Newspaper plays a very (a) —— (pre-modify the noun) role in modern civilization. It publishes news and views of home and abroad. Only (b) —— (pre-modify the noun) knowledge is not enough in this competitive world. A newspaper helps a man (c) —— (post-modify the verb with infinitive) his general knowledge. Besides academic books, one should read newspapers (d) —— (post-modify the verb). Newspaper helps one (e) —— (post-modify the verb with an infinitive) the facts of the world. (f) —— (pre-modify the verb with a present participle phrase) regularly, one can be aware of everything. There are (g) —— (pre-modify the noun) kinds of newspapers. One should select the newspaper (h) —— (post-modify the verb). One should choose the (i) —— (premodify the noun) paper because many newspapers present news partially. Whatever the paper is, it (j) —— (pre-modify the verb) helps a man.

31. The newspaper, (a) —— (post-modify the noun with an appositive), is a printed record of current event. It gives us (b) —— (use determiner to pre-modify the noun phrase) the important news of home and abroad. In a word, the newspaper is like (c) —— (use article to pre-modify the noun) “mirror” of the world. The newspaper was first introduced in China. The “Indian Gazette” was the (d) —— (use determiner to pre-modify the noun phrase) newspaper of the subcontinent. “The Samachar Darpon” was the first (e) —— (use a noun adjective to pre-modify the noun) newspaper. A newspaper is (f) —— (use an adverb to pre-modify the adjective) useful to us. We cannot think of (g) —— (use possessive to pre-modify the noun) morning without it. (h) —— (use an adjective to pre-modify the noun) people have different tastes. So, a newspaper supplies us with (i) —— (use determiner to pre-modify the noun phrase) sorts of news, for example, business, games and sports, entertainment, literature etc. It keeps us well-informed and makes us intelligent. So, we all should read newspapers (j) —— (post-modify the verb with adverb).

32. In every country (a) —— (use post-modify noun), mothers and grandmothers tell (b) —— (use pre-modify noun) children stories. Bangladesh is no exception, I remember (c) —— (pre-modify noun) we, children, would surround our grandmother, and she would tell us tales. (d) —— (use pre-modify verb) she would tell tiger or bear stories; at other times, she would tell stories about jackals, (e) —— (use post-modify noun). These stories are told in every home in Bangladesh. So, sit back (f) —— (use modify verb) and enjoy the story of the (g) —— (use pre-modify noun) tiger: (h) —— (use pre-modify verb), in a country not far away, a famous maharaja lived. He was (i) —  (use post-modify subject) because of his (j) —— (use pre-modify noun) hobbies; he gathered and raised unusual breeds of animals.

about:blank

33. Education is the process of developing our body, mind and soul through (a) —— (pre-modify the noun) learning. Its necessity cannot be described (b) —— (post-modify the verb). It is one of the (c) —— (pre-modify the noun) needs of a human being. It is essential for any kind of development. It is such a process by which our physical and (d) —— (pre-modify the noun) faculties are developed in (e) —— (pre-modify the noun with a determiner) balanced way. So, education is called the backbone of a nation. A body cannot stand (f) —— (post-modify the verb) without a backbone. Similarly, a nation cannot prosper without education. Education are of (g) —— (pre-modify the noun) kinds — formal education and informal education. (h) —— (premodify the noun) type of education is necessary for (i) —— (pre-modify the noun) development of body, mind and soul. The aim of education is to prepare enlightened individuals with (j) —— (pre-modify the noun) outlook, refined sensibility and a mind free from superstitions.

34. Once upon a time, a (a) —— (use an adjective to pre-modify the noun) fox was roaming in search of food (b) —— (post-modify the verb with adverbial). He looked, but could not find anything (c) —— (use an infinitive phrase to post-modify the verb). He was feeling very weak and tired due to hunger. (d) —— (pre-modify the verb with an adverb) he saw a garden at a distance. He went there without (e) —— (use determiner to pre-modify the noun) delay. In the garden, the fox saw (f) —— (use article to pre-modify the noun) number of grapevines laden with bunch of grapes. (g) —— (use a demonstrative to pre-modify the noun phrase) grapes looked quite ripe and juicy. The fox looked at the grapes with longing eyes and licked (h) —— (use possessive to pre-modify the noun) chops. The grapes were in a place too high for him. The fox tried (i) —— (post-modify the verb with adverbial). But he failed (j) —— (use an infinitive phrase to post-modify the verb). Therefore, he walked away in despair.

35. Education, (a) —— (use post-modifier as apposition), is considered to be the backbone of a nation. So, the level of (b) —— (use pre-modify noun) development of a country can be determined only from the standard of its education. If a country can provide (c) —— (use premodify noun) people with a modern and (d) —— (use pre-modify noun) curriculum of education, it will be able to achieve (e) —— (use pre-modify noun) developments in all sectors of (f) —— (use pre-modify noun) concerns. But unfortunately Bangladesh can’t still have ensured (g) —— (use pre-modify noun) educations for its (h) —— (use pre-modify noun) young generations. Scholars and intellectuals, (i) —— (use post-modify noun) think that there are many lacking, peculiarities and incongruities in our national (j) —— (use pre-modify noun) curriculum of all stages and disciplines, for which our education can’t step up in equal measures with that of other countries.

36. Mr Alom, (a) —— (use an appositive), usually goes for a (b) —— (use a noun adjective) walk everyday. One day while walking, he saw a man (c) —— (use a participle to post-modify the noun) senseless (d) —— (use prepositional phrase to post-modify the verb). He (e) —— (premodify the verb) went nearer to the man and tried (f) —— (use infinitive phrase to post-modify the verb). But the man did not respond. Mr Alom became (g) —— (use an intensifier) afraid of the unwanted situation. He thought for a while and (h) —— (use an ordinal number) phoned one of his friends, who was a (i) ——(use a noun adjective) officer. The officer came with a police pick-up and took the man to the (j) —— (pre-modify the noun) hospital.

about:blank

37. Mobile phone has added a new dimension into our communication system. It has made the world closer to us. (a) ——, it has made worldwide communication easier. We use it for our day- to- day communication. (b) ——, it has been a part and parcel in our life as we cannot go for a single day without using it. We use it for rapid communication. (c) —— mobile phone is not free from defect. It has some negative sides as well. (d) ——, excessive use of mobile phone may cause our hearing problem. (e) ——, it is a means of money wastage. (f) ——, it is seen that many underground crimes are being done with the use of mobile network. (g) ——, the radiation from mobile phone may cause cancer to the users. (h) ——, we are aware of these harmful effects. (i) ——, we are not aware of using the mobile phone. (j) ——, we must have to be conscious about the negative impact of mobile phone and accordingly, we should use it carefully.

38. Obesity is (a) —— (use determiner to pre-modify the noun phrase) medical condition in which (b) —— (pre-modify the noun) body fat has accumulated to the extent that it may have a (c) —— (pre-modify the noun) effect on health. People are considered obese when (d) —— (use possessive to pre-modify the noun phrase) body mass index, a measurement (e) —— (post-modify the noun phrase) by dividing a person’s weight by the square of the person’s height, exceeds 30 Kg. Obesity increases the likelihood of (f) —— (pre-modify the noun) diseases, particularly (g) —— (use noun to premodify the noun) disease, diabetes, (h) —— (pre-modify the noun phrase) sleep apnea, certain types of cancer and osteoarthritis. Obesity is most commonly caused by a combination of excessive food energy intake, lack of various activity, and (i) —— (pre-modify the noun) susceptibility, although a few cases are caused (j) —— (post-modify the verb) by genes, endocrine disorders, medications or psychiatric illness.

39. Female education is (a) ——(use an intensifier to pre-modify the adjective) essential for the overall development of a nation. (b) ——(use a participle to pre-modify), no nation can prosper. But most of the women are lagging (c) ——(post-modify the noun) in education. Without female education, our (d) —— (pre-modify the noun) development is not possible. Women need to be educated for (e) ——(pre-modify the noun) reasons. To be a conscious citizen of the country, to be an active member of the family and society, to be a good mother or wife and to lead a selfreliant better life, a woman should be educated (f) ——(post-modify the verb). An (g) ——(premodify the noun) woman is conscious of her duties, rights and responsibilities. So, we should take every necessary step (h) ——(use an infinitive phrase to post-modify the verb) our female force. An educated woman can bring up her children (i) ——(post-modify the verb). Napoleon says “Give me an educated mother, and I will give you an (j) ——nation. (pre-modify the noun) ——nation.”

40. Robert Bruce, (a) —— (post-modify the noun with an appositive), fought (b) ——(use quantifier to pre-modify the noun) battles against King Edward I of England. But (c) ——(use an adverb to pre-modify the verb) he was defeated in (d) ——(use determiner to-modify the noun) battle. While the pensive king was thinking about (e) ——(use possessive to pre-modify the noun phrase) unfortunate condition lying in a cave, he saw a spider. The spider was working with (f) ——(use article to pre-modify the noun) goal. The goal was to reach the ceiling and (g) ——(use a demonstrative to pre-modify the noun) task was not easy for the little creature. It fell down (h) ——(use an adverbial to post-modify the verb), but did not give up and, eventually, it succeeded at its seventh attempt. The perseverance of the spider encouraged Robert Bruce; he fought again (i) ——(use an infinitive phrase to post-modify the verb) and this time he defeated (j) —— (use article to pre-modify the noun) English army and secured the independence of Scotland.

about:blank

41. Once a tiger was (a) ——(use intensifier to pre-modify the adjective) hungry. He was looking for (b) ——(pre-modify the noun) animals to eat. But he failed (c) ——(use infinitive phrase to post modify the verb). Then he met a (d) ——(pre-modify the noun) fox. And (e) ——(use a demonstrative to pre-modify the noun) fox was also hungry. The fox told him that he had seen a (f) ——(pre-modify the noun) deer nearby the fox then brought the deer to the tiger which was delighted (g) ——(use infinitive phrase to post-modify the verb) an evil plan to teach the tiger a good lesson. However, the tiger forwarded (i) ——(use infinitive phrase to post-modify the verb). (j) ——(use a participle to pre-modify the verb) satisfied a farmer set a trap to kill the tiger as it hunted its lambs a few days ago.

42. Bangladesh is a (a) ——(pre-modify the noun) country. Though it is a small country, it has a (b) ——(pre-modify the noun) population. It gained independence (c) ——(post-modify the verb). (d) ——(pre-modify the verb with a present participle) for nine months, we achieved our freedom. About three (e) —— (pre-modify the noun with a noun adjective) people were killed in the war. They sacrificed their lives (f) ——(post-modify the verb with an infinitive) freedom. We should not forget (g) ——(pre-modify the noun with a possessive) contribution. Now we are progressing (h) ——(post-modify the verb). Now we are able (i) ——(post-modify the adjective with an infinitive) our problems. Our people will see (j) ——(pre-modify the noun) days soon.

43. Deforestation means cutting down of trees (a) ——(post-modify the verb). To meet up the basic needs of food and housing, trees are being cut in a large scale and thus it causes (b) ——(premodify the noun) imbalance. Besides, there are some dishonest people who cut trees in our forest (c) ——(use an infinitive phrase to post-modify the verb) money. Due to deforestation carbon dioxide is increasing (d) ——(post-modify the verb). The (e) ——(use a noun adjective to pre modify the noun) level is rising and many parts of the world are going to be engulfed by the sea in near future. New areas of the world are (f) ——(use a participle to pre-modify the verb) turned into desert as a result of deforestation. (g) ——(use a participle to pre-modify the noun) trees in such an indiscriminate rate will be hazardous for our future existence. If we destory trees (h) ——(use an adverbial phrase to post-modify the verb), one day the country will turn into a great desert. The (i) ——(use a participle to pre-modify them noun) temperature will cause greenhouse effect. Necessary measures should be taken (j) ——(use an infinitive phrase to postmodify the verb).

44. A marriage ceremony is a (a) ——(Pre-modify the noun) occasion that everyone enjoys in the hope of continuing human race. Usually it takes place at the residence of the bride’s father on a (b) ——(Pre-modify the adjective) agreed day. The bridegroom’s party arrives (c) ——(Post-modify the verb) in time in their best dresses. The people of the bride (d) ——(Pre-modify the verb) receive him. Then the (e) —— (Pre-modify the noun) ceremony begins (f) ——(post-modify the verb) in a decorated room. A (g) ——(use noun adjective to pre-modify the noun) registrar makes a document for the registration of the marriage. The bride and bridegroom then perform some (h) ——(Pre-modify the noun) rites in a solemn way. A (i) ——(Pre-modify the noun) feast follows. At the time of departure, the bride starts weeping. At this her parents also weep. Thus, the happy ceremony ends with a (j) ——(Pre-modify the noun) sense of separation.

Advertisements

about:blank

REPORT THIS AD

45. Amerigo, (a) ——(use noun in apposition) lives alone. His parents now live separate and no one of them wants (b) ——(use infinitive to post-modify the verb) his responsibility. (c) (use possessive to pre-modify the noun) mother told him to go away because she is married to another man. (d) ——(use determiner to pre-modify the noun) streets are now his home. He wanted (e) ——(use adjective to pre-modify the noun) money from his father to buy a (f) ——(use noun adjective to pre-modify the noun) ticket. But his father didn’t answer. He earns his living by working hard. (g) ——(use adverbial to pre-modify the verb) he finds work. Some of (h) —— (use demonstrative to premodify the noun) works are very risky for him. Once he sold ice-cream (i) ——(use prepositional phrase to post-modify the verb). But he got (j) ——(use quantifier to pre-modify the noun) money in return from the owner of ice-cream.

46. Unity maximizes strength of a (a) ——(pre-modify the noun) existence whether it is a family or anation. It is (b) ——(use an intensifier to pre-modify the adjective) essential (c) ——(use infinitive to post-modify the verb) the problems of life. The idea is (d) —— (pre-modify the verb) illustrated in the story of an (e) ——(pre-modify the noun) man and his (f) ——(pre-modify the noun) sons. Before his death, the old man gave a bundle of sticks to his sons and asked them (g) ——(use infinitive phrase to post-modify the verb). None of the sons could break it. Then he untied the bundle and distributed each of the sticks among his sons. He (h) ——(pre-modify the verb) asked them to break the stick which they could do (i) ——(post-modify the verb). Thus, he taught them that unity is strength. As long as they would remain united, none could harm them. This is (j) ——(pre-modify the adjective) true in case of a society or a nation.

47. Tokai is a (a) ————(Use an adjective to pre-modify the noun) Bangla word. It means one (b) — ———(Use an adjective clause to post-modify the pronoun). He is a boy of the street (c) ———— (Use a participle to pre-modify the noun) no home and hearth. He has no definite place of residence. Usually he has no parents or relatives, nor has he any definite means of livelihood. He leads a (d) ————(Use an intensifier to pre-modify the adjective) dirty and unhygienic life. He puts on rags and (e) ————(Use an participle phrase to pre-modify the noun) clothes. He looks dirty in torn and patched up clothes. Bad smell comes from (f) ————(Use possessive to pre-modify the noun) body and dress. He roams about in the streets (g) ————(Use a participle phrase to pre-modify the noun) torn papers and clothes, wood and other refuses. He earns his livelihood (h) ————(Use a gerund phrase to post-modify the verb). Sometimes, a number of tokais gather together and play about in the streets. Tokais pass their night on the verandahs of shops, pavement of streets or railway platforms. If he can save money, he goes to the cinema hall (i) ————(Use an infinitive to pre-modify the noun) a film. This is the way of their life (j) ————(Use an adjective clause to post-modify the noun).

48. I had to witness a very (a) ——(pre-modify the noun) street accident yesterday. Ruma, (b) —— (post-modify the noun with an appositive), also witnessed the accident. We were walking (c) —— (post-modify the verb) along the right side of the road. A jeep was coming with a great speed from the (d) ——(pre-modify the noun) direction. A pedestrian was crossing the road. He was an (e) ——(pre-modify the noun) man and slower than usual. The jeep could not control (f) ——(premodify the noun with possessive case) speed and ran over the old man. To (g) ——(use a possessive case again as a pre-modifier) horror we saw that the man became a lump of flesh after the accident had taken place. We went to the (h) ——(use a noun as a pre-modifier) station to file a case against the driver as he was driving the car (i) ——(post-modify the verb). The officer-in-change thanked us for our (j) ——(pre-modify the noun) acts.

about:blank

49. Rabindranath Tagore, (a) ——(post-modify the noun with appositive), was born in 1861 in a (b) ——(pre-modify the noun) family at Jorasanko in Kolkata. He was (c) ——(use determiner to pre-modify the noun) fourteenth child of Devendranath and Sarada Tagore. He went to school (d) ——(post-modify the verb) and wrote his (e) ——(use determiner to pre-modify the noun) verse at the age of eight. At the age of seventeen, in 1878, he reached London to attend school. He gathered much experience from his stay (f) ——(post-modify the verb with prepositional phrase). (g) ——(use a demonstrative to pre-modify the noun) had a lasting effect on his later life. In 1880 he returned home without (h) — (use determiner to pre-modify the noun) qualifications of distinction. However, he never gave up (i) ——(use possessive to pre-modify the noun) habit of writing poetry. He was awarded the Nobel Prize in 1913 for his Gitanjali, (postmodify the noun with an appositive) I can remember a memorable incident that happened (a) ——(post-modify the verb). It was a (b) ——(use a noun adjective to pre-modify the noun) holiday. Our college was closed. So I decided to go for a walk in the countryside. My cousin, (c) ——(post-modify the noun with an appositive), was with me. We went past a river. It was not (d) ——(post-modify the noun) river. But it was (e) ——(use an intensifier to pre-modify the adjective) beautiful. We saw many small boats (f) ——(use participle phrase to post-modify the noun). Then we came across a (g) ——(use a noun adjective to pre-modify the noun) line. Suddenly we saw a train coming from the eastern side. The train was (h) ——(post-modify the noun) and many people were hanging. The train (i) ——(use a prepositional phrase to post-modify the noun) disappeared very quickly. We became very thrilled (j) ——(use an infinitive phrase to post-modify the verb). We had not seen a train from so close distance before.

50. Nelson Mandela (a) —— (post-modify the noun with appositive), is one of the greatest leaders of the world, no doubt. During (b) —— (use article to pre-modify the noun) time of Mandela, the Europeans were separated from the non-Europeans. It was (c) —— (use noun-adjective to premodify the noun) policy of racial segregation. The blacks were subjected to (d) —— (use quantifier to pre-modify the noun) sorts of indignities. They were denied all basic (e) —— (use adjective to pre-modify the noun) rights. They were in fact aliens in (f) —— (use possessive) own country. The blacks were also treated (g) —— (use adverb to post-modify the verb). Even dogs received a much better treatment than the blacks. The (h) —— (use an adjective to pre-modify the noun) leader vowed to put an end to the inhuman practice. Unfortunately, (i) —— (use demonstrative to pre-modify the noun) great man thrown behind the prison bars. But the oppressive rulers could not break his spirit. All his life he struggled against apartheid. Eventually, the great leader fulfilled the goal of liberating (j) —— (use possessive to pre-modify the noun) people.

51. Newspaper plays a very (a) —— (pre-modify the noun) role in modern civilization. It publishes news and views of home and abroad. Only (b) —— (pre-modify the noun) knowledge is not enough in this competitive world. A newspaper helps a man (c) —— (post-modify the verb with infinitive) his general knowledge. Besides academic books, one should read newspapers (d) ——  (post-modify the verb). Newspaper helps one (e) —— (post-modify the verb with an infinitive) the facts of the world. (f) —— (pre-modify the verb with a present participle phrase) regularly, one can be aware of everything. There are (g) —— (pre-modify the noun) kinds of newspapers. One should select the newspaper (h) —— (post-modify the verb). One should choose the (i) —— (premodify the noun) paper because many newspapers present news partially. Whatever the paper is, it (j) —— (pre-modify the verb) helps a man.

52. The newspaper, (a) —— (post-modify the noun with an appositive), is a printed record of current event. It gives us (b) —— (use determiner to pre-modify the noun phrase) the important news of home and abroad. In a word, the newspaper is like (c) —— (use article to pre-modify the noun) “mirror” of the world. The newspaper was first introduced in China. The “Indian Gazette” was the (d) —— (use determiner to pre-modify the noun phrase) newspaper of the subcontinent. “The Samachar Darpon” was the first (e) —— (use a noun adjective to pre-modify the noun) newspaper. A newspaper is (f) —— (use an adverb to pre-modify the adjective) useful to us. We cannot think of (g) —— (use possessive to pre-modify the noun) morning without it. (h) —— (use an adjective to pre-modify the noun) people have different tastes. So, a newspaper supplies us with (i) —— (use determiner to pre-modify the noun phrase) sorts of news, for example, business, games and sports, entertainment, literature etc. It keeps us well-informed and makes us intelligent. So, we all should read newspapers (j) —— (post-modify the verb with adverb).

53. In every country (a) —— (use post-modify noun), mothers and grandmothers tell (b) —— (use pre-modify noun) children stories. Bangladesh is no exception, I remember (c) —— (pre-modify noun) we, children, would surround our grandmother, and she would tell us tales. (d) —— (use pre-modify verb) she would tell tiger or bear stories; at other times, she would tell stories about jackals, (e) —— (use post-modify noun). These stories are told in every home in Bangladesh. So, sit back (f) —— (use modify verb) and enjoy the story of the (g) —— (use pre-modify noun) tiger: (h) —— (use pre-modify verb), in a country not far away, a famous maharaja lived. He was (i) —— (use post-modify subject) because of his (j) —— (use pre-modify noun) hobbies; he gathered and raised unusual breeds of animals.

54. Education is the process of developing our body, mind and soul through (a) —— (pre-modify the noun) learning. Its necessity cannot be described (b) —— (post-modify the verb). It is one of the (c) —— (pre-modify the noun) needs of a human being. It is essential for any kind of development. It is such a process by which our physical and (d) —— (pre-modify the noun) faculties are developed in (e) —— (pre-modify the noun with a determiner) balanced way. So, education is called the backbone of a nation. A body cannot stand (f) —— (post-modify the verb) without a backbone. Similarly, a nation cannot prosper without education. Education are of (g) —— (pre-modify the noun) kinds — formal education and informal education. (h) —— (premodify the noun) type of education is necessary for (i) —— (pre-modify the noun) development of body, mind and soul. The aim of education is to prepare enlightened individuals with (j) —— (pre-modify the noun) outlook, refined sensibility and a mind free from superstitions.

55. Last month I went (a) —— (post-modify the verb with an intransitive) Mirzapur Cadet College by bus. (b) —— (pre-modify the verb with a present participle phrase) in the morning, I had breakfast (c) —— (post-modify the adverb with another adverb) hurriedly and got myself dressed. Then I went to Kadamtoli (d) —— (pre-modify the noun with a nounadjective) terminal. I waited there for a few minutes. Then as I found my bus (e) —— (post-modify the noun with a present participle) the terminal, I walked (f) —— (post-modify the verb) to get into it.

56. Once upon a time, a (a) —— (use an adjective to pre-modify the noun) fox was roaming in search of food (b) —— (post-modify the verb with adverbial). He looked, but could not find anything (c) —— (use an infinitive phrase to post-modify the verb). He was feeling very weak and tired due to hunger. (d) —— (pre-modify the verb with an adverb) he saw a garden at a distance. He went there without (e) —— (use determiner to pre-modify the noun) delay. In the garden, the fox saw (f) —— (use article to pre-modify the noun) number of grapevines laden with bunch of grapes. (g) —— (use a demonstrative to pre-modify the noun phrase) grapes looked quite ripe and juicy. The fox looked at the grapes with longing eyes and licked (h) —— (use possessive to pre-modify the noun) chops. The grapes were in a place too high for him. The fox tried (i) —— (post-modify the verb with adverbial). But he failed (j) —— (use an infinitive phrase to post-modify the verb). Therefore, he walked away in despair.

57. Education, (a) —— (use post-modifier as apposition), is considered to be the backbone of a nation. So, the level of (b) —— (use pre-modify noun) development of a country can be determined only from the standard of its education. If a country can provide (c) —— (use premodify noun) people with a modern and (d) —— (use pre-modify noun) curriculum of education, it will be able to achieve (e) —— (use pre-modify noun) developments in all sectors of (f) —— (use pre-modify noun) concerns. But unfortunately Bangladesh can’t still have ensured (g) —— (use pre-modify noun) educations for its (h) —— (use pre-modify noun) young generations. Scholars and intellectuals, (i) —— (use post-modify noun) think that there are many lacking, peculiarities and incongruities in our national (j) —— (use pre-modify noun) curriculum of all stages and disciplines, for which our education can’t step up in equal measures with that of other countries.

58. Mr Alom, (a) —— (use an appositive), usually goes for a (b) —— (use a noun adjective) walk everyday. One day while walking, he saw a man (c) —— (use a participle to post-modify the noun) senseless (d) —— (use prepositional phrase to post-modify the verb). He (e) —— (premodify the verb) went nearer to the man and tried (f) —— (use infinitive phrase to post-modify the verb). But the man did not respond. Mr Alom became (g) —— (use an intensifier) afraid of the unwanted situation. He thought for a while and (h) —— (use an ordinal number) phoned one of his friends, who was a (i) ——(use a noun adjective) officer. The officer came with a police pick-up and took the man to the (j) —— (pre-modify the noun) hospital.

59. Obesity is (a) —— (use determiner to pre-modify the noun phrase) medical condition in which (b) —— (pre-modify the noun) body fat has accumulated to the extent that it may have a (c) —— (pre-modify the noun) effect on health. People are considered obese when (d) —— (use possessive to pre-modify the noun phrase) body mass index, a measurement (e) —— (post-modify the noun phrase) by dividing a person’s weight by the square of the person’s height, exceeds 30 Kg. Obesity increases the likelihood of (f) —— (pre-modify the noun) diseases, particularly (g) —— (use noun to premodify the noun) disease, diabetes, (h) —— (pre-modify the noun phrase) sleep apnea, certain types of cancer and osteoarthritis. Obesity is most commonly caused by a combination of excessive food energy intake, lack of various activity, and (i) —— (pre-modify the noun) susceptibility, although a few cases are caused (j) —— (post-modify the verb) by genes, endocrine disorders, medications or psychiatric illness.

60. Female education is (a) ——(use an intensifier to pre-modify the adjective) essential for the overall development of a nation. (b) ——(use a participle to pre-modify), no nation can prosper. But most of the women are lagging (c) ——(post-modify the noun) in education. Without female education, our (d) —— (pre-modify the noun) development is not possible. Women need to be educated for (e) ——(pre-modify the noun) reasons. To be a conscious citizen of the country, to be an active member of the family and society, to be a good mother or wife and to lead a selfreliant better life, a woman should be educated (f) ——(post-modify the verb). An (g) ——(premodify the noun) woman is conscious of her duties, rights and responsibilities. So, we should take every necessary step (h) ——(use an infinitive phrase to post-modify the verb) our female force. An educated woman can bring up her children (i) ——(post-modify the verb). Napoleon says “Give me an educated mother, and I will give you an (j) ——nation. (pre-modify the noun) ——nation.”

61. Robert Bruce, (a) —— (post-modify the noun with an appositive), fought (b) ——(use quantifier to pre-modify the noun) battles against King Edward I of England. But (c) ——(use an adverb to pre-modify the verb) he was defeated in (d) ——(use determiner to-modify the noun) battle. While the pensive king was thinking about (e) ——(use possessive to pre-modify the noun phrase) unfortunate condition lying in a cave, he saw a spider. The spider was working with (f) ——(use article to pre-modify the noun) goal. The goal was to reach the ceiling and (g) ——(use a demonstrative to pre-modify the noun) task was not easy for the little creature. It fell down (h) ——(use an adverbial to post-modify the verb), but did not give up and, eventually, it succeeded at its seventh attempt. The perseverance of the spider encouraged Robert Bruce; he fought again (i) ——(use an infinitive phrase to post-modify the verb) and this time he defeated (j) —— (use article to pre-modify the noun) English army and secured the independence of Scotland.

62. Once a tiger was (a) ——(use intensifier to pre-modify the adjective) hungry. He was looking for (b) ——(pre-modify the noun) animals to eat. But he failed (c) ——(use infinitive phrase to postmodify the verb). Then he met a (d) ——(pre-modify the noun) fox. And (e) ——(use a demonstrative to pre-modify the noun) fox was also hungry. The fox told him that he had seen a (f) ——(pre-modify the noun) deer nearby the fox then brought the deer to the tiger which was delighted (g) ——(use infinitive phrase to post-modify the verb) an evil plan to teach the tiger a good lesson. However, the tiger forwarded (i) ——(use infinitive phrase to post-modify the verb). (j) ——(use a participle to pre-modify the verb) satisfied a farmer set a trap to kill the tiger as it hunted its lambs a few days ago.

63. Bangladesh is a (a) ——(pre-modify the noun) country. Though it is a small country, it has a (b) ——(pre-modify the noun) population. It gained independence (c) ——(post-modify the verb). (d) ——(pre-modify the verb with a present participle) for nine months, we achieved our freedom. About three (e) —— (pre-modify the noun with a noun adjective) people were killed in the war. They sacrificed their lives (f) ——(post-modify the verb with an infinitive) freedom. We should not forget (g) ——(pre-modify the noun with a possessive) contribution. Now we are progressing (h) ——(post-modify the verb). Now we are able (i) ——(post-modify the adjective with an infinitive) our problems. Our people will see (j) ——(pre-modify the noun) days soon.

64. Deforestation means cutting down of trees (a) ——(post-modify the verb). To meet up the basic needs of food and housing, trees are being cut in a large scale and thus it causes (b) ——(pre modify the noun) imbalance. Besides, there are some dishonest people who cut trees in our forest (c) ——(use an infinitive phrase to post-modify the verb) money. Due to deforestation carbon dioxide is increasing (d) ——(post-modify the verb). The (e) ——(use a noun adjective to pre-modify the noun) level is rising and many parts of the world are going to be engulfed by the sea in near future. New areas of the world are (f) ——(use a participle to pre-modify the verb) turned into desert as a result of deforestation. (g) ——(use a participle to pre-modify the noun) trees in such an indiscriminate rate will be hazardous for our future existence. If we destroy trees (h) ——(use an adverbial phrase to post-modify the verb), one day the country will turn into a great desert. The (i) ——(use a participle to pre-modify them noun) temperature will cause greenhouse effect. Necessary measures should be taken (j) ——(use an infinitive phrase to post modify the verb).

65. A marriage ceremony is a (a) ——(Pre-modify the noun) occasion that everyone enjoys in the hope of continuing human race. Usually it takes place at the residence of the bride’s father on a (b) ——(Pre-modify the adjective) agreed day. The bridegroom’s party arrives (c) ——(Post-modify the verb) in time in their best dresses. The people of the bride (d) ——(Pre-modify the verb) receive him. Then the (e) —— (Pre-modify the noun) ceremony begins (f) ——(post-modify the verb) in a decorated room. A (g) ——(use noun adjective to pre-modify the noun) registrar makes a document for the registration of the marriage. The bride and bridegroom then perform some (h) ——(Pre-modify the noun) rites in a solemn way. A (i) ——(Pre-modify the noun) feast follows. At the time of departure, the bride starts weeping. At this her parents also weep. Thus, the happy ceremony ends with a (j) ——(Pre-modify the noun) sense of separation.

66. Amerigo, (a) ——(use noun in apposition) lives alone. His parents now live separate and no one of them wants (b) ——(use infinitive to post-modify the verb) his responsibility. (c) (use possessive to pre-modify the noun) mother told him to go away because she is married to another man. (d) ——(use determiner to pre-modify the noun) streets are now his home. He wanted (e) ——(use adjective to pre-modify the noun) money from his father to buy a (f) ——(use noun adjective to pre-modify the noun) ticket. But his father didn’t answer. He earns his living by working hard. (g) ——(use adverbial to pre-modify the verb) he finds work. Some of (h) —— (use demonstrative to premodify the noun) works are very risky for him. Once he sold ice-cream (i) ——(use prepositional phrase to post-modify the verb). But he got (j) ——(use quantifier to pre-modify the noun) money in return from the owner of ice-cream.

67. Unity maximizes strength of a (a) ——(pre-modify the noun) existence whether it is a family or a nation. It is (b) ——(use an intensifier to pre-modify the adjective) essential (c) ——(use infinitive to post-modify the verb) the problems of life. The idea is (d) —— (pre-modify the verb) illustrated in the story of an (e) ——(pre-modify the noun) man and his (f) ——(pre-modify the noun) sons. Before his death, the old man gave a bundle of sticks to his sons and asked them (g) ——(use infinitive phrase to post-modify the verb). None of the sons could break it. Then he untied the bundle and distributed each of the sticks among his sons. He (h) ——(pre-modify the verb) asked them to break the stick which they could do (i) ——(post-modify the verb). Thus, he taught them that unity is strength. As long as they would remain united, none could harm them. This is (j) ——(pre-modify the adjective) true in case of a society or a nation.

68. Tokai is a (a) ————(Use an adjective to pre-modify the noun) Bangla word. It means one (b) — ———(Use an adjective clause to post-modify the pronoun). He is a boy of the street (c) ———— (Use a participle to pre-modify the noun) no home and hearth. He has no definite place of residence. Usually he has no parents or relatives, nor has he any definite means of livelihood. He leads a (d) ————(Use an intensifier to pre-modify the adjective) dirty and unhygienic life. He puts on rags and (e) ————(Use an participle phrase to pre-modify the noun) clothes. He looks dirty in torn and patched up clothes. Bad smell comes from (f) ————(Use possessive to pre-modify the noun) body and dress. He roams about in the streets (g) ————(Use a participle phrase to pre-modify the noun) torn papers and clothes, wood and other refuses. He earns his livelihood (h) ————(Use a gerund phrase to post-modify the verb). Sometimes, a number of tokais gather together and play about in the streets. Tokais pass their night on the verandahs of shops, pavement of streets or railway platforms. If he can save money, he goes to the cinema hall (i) ————(Use an infinitive to pre-modify the noun) a film. This is the way of their life (j) ————(Use an adjective clause to post-modify the noun).

69. I had to witness a very (a) ——(pre-modify the noun) street accident yesterday. Ruma, (b) —— (post-modify the noun with an appositive), also witnessed the accident. We were walking (c) —— (post-modify the verb) along the right side of the road. A jeep was coming with a great speed from the (d) ——(pre-modify the noun) direction. A pedestrian was crossing the road. He was an (e) ——(pre-modify the noun) man and slower than usual. The jeep could not control (f) ——(premodify the noun with possessive case) speed and ran over the old man. To (g) ——(use a possessive case again as a pre-modifier) horror we saw that the man became a lump of flesh after the accident had taken place. We went to the (h) ——(use a noun as a pre-modifier) station to file a case against the driver as he was driving the car (i) ——(post-modify the verb). The officer-in-change thanked us for our (j) ——(pre-modify the noun) acts.

70. Rabindranath Tagore, (a) ——(post-modify the noun with appositive), was born in 1861 in a (b) ——(pre-modify the noun) family at Jorasanko in Kolkata. He was (c) ——(use determiner to pre-modify the noun) fourteenth child of Devendranath and Sarada Tagore. He went to school (d) ——(post-modify the verb) and wrote his (e) ——(use determiner to pre-modify the noun) verse at the age of eight. At the age of seventeen, in 1878, he reached London to attend school. He gathered much experience from his stay (f) ——(post-modify the verb with prepositional phrase). (g) ——(use a demonstrative to pre-modify the noun) had a lasting effect on his later life. In 1880 he returned home without (h) ——(use determiner to pre-modify the noun) qualifications of distinction. However, he never gave up (i) ——(use possessive to pre-modify the noun) habit of writing poetry. He was awarded the Nobel Prize in 1913 for his Gitanjali, (postmodify the noun with an appositive).

71. I have (a) ——– (pre-modify the noun) but Karim is my (b) ——– (pre-modify the noun) friend. He studies in my class. We go to college (c) ——– (post-modify the verb). He is good at studies and help the students (d) ——– (relative clause). He is (e) ——– (intenshier) obedient to his teachers. However, Karim comes of a (f) ——– (adjective to modify the noun) family. His father, (g) ——– (appositive), is really an honourable person (h) ——–(prepositional phrase). He wants his son to become a teacher like him and (i) ——–(possessive pronoun) mother inspires him (j) ——– (infinitive phrase).

72. Bangladesh (a) —— (Post-modify the noun with an appositive), has a huge population. Most people here live below the (b) —— (Use noun adjective to pre-modify the noun) line and can’t therefore afford to educate (c) —— (Use a possessive to pre-modify the noun) children. Many poor children either drop out of school after just a (d) —— (Use a quantifier to pre-modify the noun) years or simply do not go to school at all. Despite this situation, we have far too many students (e) —— (Use infinitive to post-modify the verb) compared to the number of institutions available. Bangladesh needs (f) —— (Use a determiner to premodify the noun) schools, colleges and universities to provide for the (g) —— (Pre-modify the noun with a present participle) number of students. But the government cannot fund the (h) —— (Pre-modify the noun) number of educational institutions. At present every educational institution is over-crowded and class size is (i) —— (Pre-modify the adjective) large. Students do not get a (j) —— (Pre-modify the noun) education for lack of facilities.

73. One day Robert Bruce, (a) —— (post-modify the noun with appositive), was lying in the cave. He was thinking of (b) —— (use possessive to pre-modify the noun) misfortune. He thought that he would not be able (c) —— (use an infinitive phrase to post-modify, the verb). Suddenly, he saw a spider (d) —— (post-modify the verb with a prepositional/an adverbial of place). The spider was trying to reach (e) —— (use determiner to pre-modify the noun) ceiling of the cave. It almost got to the point (f) —— (use quantifier to pre-modify the noun) times, but fell down at the last moment. It did not lose hope. It was trying (g) —— (post-modify the verb with an adverbial). On the seventh attempt it reached the ceiling. Robert Bruce became very much amazed (h) —— (use an infinitive phrase to post-modify the verb) the success of the spider. He felt encouraged and came out of the cave and began to gather soldiers again. He remembered the small spider and prepared (i) —— (postmodify the verb with an adverb) for the battle. He fought hard with the English and (j) —— (use a demonstrative to pre-modify the noun) time, he came out successful. Strong will and perseverance made Robert Bruce the king of Scotland again.

74. The newspaper (a) — (post-modify the noun with an appositive) is a printed record of current event. It gives us (b) — (use determiner to pre-modify the noun phrase) important news of home and abroad. In a word, the newspaper is like (c) — (use article to pre-modify the noun) mirror of the world. The newspaper was first introduced in China. The “Indian Gazette” was the (d) — (use determiner to pre-modify phrase) newspaper of the subcontinent. The Samachar Darpon was first (e) — (use a noun adjective to pre-modify the noun) newspaper. A newspaper is (f) — (use an adverb to modify the adjective) useful to us. We cannot think of (g) — (use possessive to modify the noun) morning without it. (h)— (use an adjective to pre-modify the noun) people have different taste. So, a newspaper supplies us with (i) — (use a determiner to modify the noun) sort of news. We all should read newspaper (j) — (post modifier).

75. A hare was (a) —— (use an intensifier to pre-modify the adjective) popular with the other beasts who all claimed to be her friends. But one day she heard the hounds (b) —— (use participle phrase to post-modify the noun). He hoped to escape them by the aid of her (c) —— (use a noun adjective to pre-modify the noun) friends. So, she went to the horse, and asked him to carry her (d) —— (post-modify the verb) from the hounds on his back. But he declined stating that he had important work to do for his master. She then applied to the bull, and hoped that he would repel the hounds with (e) —— (pre-modify the noun with a possessive pronoun) horns. The bull replied ” I am very sorry, but I have an appointment with a lady; but feel sure that our friend the fox will do (f) —— (post-modify the verb with a clause)”. The fox (g) —— (post-modify the noun with an appositive), however, feared that his back might do her some harm if he took her upon it. Finally he went to the ram who replied : “Another time, my dear friend, I am really unable (h) —— (use an infinitive phrase to post-modify the verb).” (i) —— (use a participle to pre-modify the verb) the hare was shocked and made a conclusion that, “He that has (j) —— (pre-modify the noun) friends, has no friends.”

76. Newspaper plays a very (a) — (pre-modify the noun) role in modern civilization. It publishes news and views of home and abroad. Only (b) — (pre-modify the noun) knowledge is not enough in this competitive world. A newspaper helps a man (c) — (postmodify the verb with infinitive) his general knowledge. Besides academic books, one should read newspapers (d) — (post-modify the verb). Newspaper helps one (e) — (post-modify the verb with an infinitive) the facts of the world. (f) — (pre-modify the verb with a present participle phrase) regularly, one can be aware of everything. There are (g) — (pre-modify the noun) kinds of newspapers. One should select the newspaper (h) — (post-modify the verb). One should choose the (i) — (pre-modify the noun) paper because many newspapers present news partially. Whatever the paper is, it (j) — (pre-modify the verb) helps a man.

77. Health is wealth refers to the importance and value of health. Health is compared to wealth, because a (a) —— (Pre-modify the noun) man can earn money and accumulate wealth. (b) —— (use a prepositional phrase to pre-modify the verb) wealth is valueless. It is health (c) —— (use a relative pronoun to post-modify the noun) can give us bliss and make us (d) —— (use an intensifier to pre-modify the adjective) happy. Health alone can enable us (e) —— (use an infinitive phrase to post-modify the verb). It is also said that a (f) —— (Pre-modify the noun) mind lies is a sound body. A healthy man can work (g) —— (Postmodify the verb) and attain wealth. We might get (h) —— (use a demonstrative to premodify the noun) wealth by following some rules of health. We must rise (i) —— (Postmodify the verb) and take a (j) —— (use a noun adjective to pre-modify the noun) walk. Physical exercise must be taken regularly.

78. It was a hot day of summer, (a) — (post-modify the noun with an appositive). A crow got (b) — (Pre-modify the adjective with an adverb) thirsty. It searched for water (c) — (Post-modify the very with adverbial), but could not find it anywhere. It felt very sad and sat on a (d) —(Use an adjective to pre-modify the noun) breach of a tree. Suddenly, the crow saw a garden at a (e) — (Use determiner to pre-modify the noun) distance. It flew there and within a (f) — (Use quantifier to pre-modify the noun) minutes, it found a pitcher nearby. The crow flew down and sat on (g) — (Use demonstrative to pre-modify the noun phrase) brim of the pitcher. (h) — (Use a demonstrative to pre-modify the noun phrase) pitcher had little water in it. Feeling very happy, it tried to drink the water. But (i) — (use possessive to pre-modify the noun) beak did not reach it. The crow did not lose heart. It tried (j) — (use an infinitive phrase to post-modify the verb) the jar, but it was not strong enough to do that. It was in a fix what to do. Suddenly an idea crossed its mind.

79. Arsenic is a (a) —— (Pre-modify the noun) substance. It is (b) —— (Use an intensifier to pre-modify the adjective) dangerous for human health. (c) —— (Use a demonstrative to premodify the noun) substance is found in the water of the tube well. There are (d) —— (Premodify the noun) villages in our country. Most of our (e) —— (Use a noun adjective to premodify the noun) people drink tube well water. At present they are passing their days (f) –— (Use a participle to pre-modify the verb). (g) ——(Use a participle to pre-modify the verb) people suffer from different kinds of problems. This problem is (h) –— (Pre-modify the verb) found in North Bengal. We should take a serious measure (i) —— (Use an infinitive phrase to post-modify the verb) which produce contaminated water. Government is trying to identify the tube wells (j) –— (Post-modify the verb) red.

80. Farjana (a) —— (post-modify the noun with an appositive), felt extremely happy and excited when she heard that she got GPA-5 in (b) —— (use article to pre-modify the noun) HSC examination. She had shown that one can gain almost anything by dint of (c) —— (use a noun adjective to per-modify the noun) labour and determination. Financial problem could not stand on (d) —— (use possessive to pre-modify the noun) way to success. Her seriousness was (e) —— (use an adverb to pre-modify the adjective) much clear throughout the academic year. She maintained a (f) —— (use a noun-adjective to premodify the noun) plan and never wasted her time (g) —— (post-modify the verb with prepositional phrase/adverbial). Now she has got the reward she deserves. (h) —— (use a demonstrative to pre-modify the noun) result will be an inspiration for her in her future life. Her brilliant result has inspired (i) —— (use determiner of pre-modify the noun) students so much that they have already started reading their lessons more (j) —— (postmodify the verb with an adverb) than before. Farjana is helping other students in the preparation of a perfect study plan.

81. A young girl was crying (a) —— (post-modify the verb). So I went to her (b) —— (use infinitive to post-modify the verb) what happened to her (c) —— (Use present participle to pre-modify the verb) near her, I came to know that she lost (d) —— (use a noun phrase to post-modify the verb). She told me that she had come to the market with her parents. But as the place was (e) —— (pre-modify the adjective with an intensifier) crowded she could not follow them. I felt (f) —— (pre-modify the adjective with an intensifier) sorry for the girl and took her with me (g) —— (pre-modify the verb with a present participle phrase), I gave her food. The girl became happy (h) —— (use an infinitive phrase to post-modify the adjective) and slept soon. Next morning I went to the (i) —— (pre-modify the noun) police station and informed the duty officer about the girl (j) —— (post-modify the noun with a relative pronoun) I got in the market place.

82. Once upon a time a (a) —— (Use an adjective to pre-modify the noun) fox was roaming in search of food (b) —— (Post-modify the verb with adverbial). He looked, but could not find anything (c) —— (Use an infinitive phrase to post-modify the verb). He was feeling very weak and tired due to hunger. (d) —— (Pre-modify the verb with adverb) he saw a garden at a distance. He went there without (e) —— (Use determiner to pre-modify the noun)number of grape vines laden with bunch of grapes. (f) —— (Use a demonstrative to premodify the noun phrase) grapes looked quite ripe and juicy. The fox looked at the grapes with longing eyes and licked (g) —— (Use possessive to pre-modify the noun) chops. The grapes were in a place too high for him. The fox tried (h) —— (Post-modify the verb with adverbial). But he failed (i) —— (Use an infinitive phrase to post-modify the verb). Therefore, he walked away in despair.

83. One day Israt was returning home (a) —— (post-modify the verb) from college. On the way she was a dog (b) —— (use a participle phrase to post-modify a noun). It was barking (c) —— (post-modify the verb). An (d) —— (pre-modify the noun) boy had hit the poor creature with a big stone. It hurt its (e) —— (pre-modify the noun) leg and it was bleeding (f) —— (postmodify the verb). Israt became (g) —— (post-modify the verb) sad. She (h) —— (pre-modify the verb) carried the dog home and nursed the wound. She tied a bandage tightly round the (i) —— (pre-modify the noun) leg. In a week the dog was (j) —— (use an intensifier to pre-modify the adjective) well.

84. Education (a) —— (use appositive to post-modify the noun) is essential for development. We can improve (b) —— (possessive to pre-modify the noun) mind. An (c) —— (adjective to pre-modify the noun) person has the ability (d) —— (infinitive phrase). One can refine one’s sensibility (e) —— (present participle phrase). Actually, the educated are able to bring about (f) —— (pre-modify the noun) development. On the other hand, an (g) —— person (h) —— (adverb to pre-modify the verb) lag behind. So, the educated should come forward (i) —— (prepositional phrase) to educate all in the society to unload (j) —— (use determiner) owes to the country.

85. Most of the people in (a) — (Use possessive to pre-modify the noun) country do not know the importance of English, (b) — (Post-modify the noun with an appositive). In fact, it is an (c) — (Use an adjective to pre-modify the noun) language and we are living in a global village. So, if you know English (d) — (Post-modify the verb with an adverb), you can communicate with (e) — (Use article to pre-modify the noun phrase) rest of the world. It is surely an important element of your (f) — (Use a noun adjective to pre-modify the noun) skill. Without the knowledge of English, you cannot complete (g) — (Use possessive to premodify the noun) higher studies because most of the books are written in English. Poor knowledge of English will also hamper your (h) — (Use a noun adjective to pre-modify the noun) development. In short, if you do not have a good command over English, you will suffer (i) — (Post-modify the verb with prepositional phrase/adverbial) of your life. So, don’t waste your time and try to learn English (j) — (Post-modify the verb with an adverb) from today.

86. It is said that the other name of (a) —— (use an adjective to pre-modify the noun) water is life. Because by drinking it we quench (b) —— (use possessive to pre-modify the noun) thirst. So, we need pure water (c) —— (post-modify the verb using an infinitive) on the earth. But (d) —— (pre-modify the noun) water is life killing. By drinking contaminated water, we suffer from (e) —— (use quantifier to pre-modify the noun) diseases. We may (f) —— (pre-modify the verb) face (g) —— (pre-modify the noun) death by drinking contaminated water. We are responsible for (h) —— (use noun adjective to pre-modify the noun) pollution. Waste materials from mills and factories are thrown here and there. Besides latrines (i) —— (use present participle to post-modify the noun) on ponds and rivers cause water pollution. So, (j) —— (pre-modify the noun) awareness should be raised to stop water pollution.

87. The Sundarbans, (a) — (use appositive to post modify the noun), is home to nearly 500 Bengal tigers. The forest is being destroyed by erosion, rising sea levels and (b) — (noun-adjective to pre-modify the noun) surges. The Sundarbans forest took the brunt (c) — (post modify the noun). The forest is known for (d) — (use participle to pre-modify the noun) islands but the current retreat (e) — (use adjective phrase to post modify the noun) is not normal. The causes for increasing coastline retreat, other than direct (f) — (use adjective to pre-modify the noun) ones, include increased frequency (g) — (post modify the noun with adjective phrase) and other external natural events and increased salinity. Degradation is happening fast, (h) — (adverbial phrase to post modify the verb). As (i) — (use noun-adjective to pre-modify the noun) development thrives and global temperature continues to rise, the forest is being destroyed (j) — (use adverbial phrase to post modify the verb).

Tag Question

Tag Question

Definition: Tag means something small that is added on or attached after a sentence. In a tag question, the speaker makes a statement, but is not entirely certain of the truth, so a tag question is used to get the confirmation from the listeners. Sentences using the tag questions should have the main clause separated from the tag by a comma. The sentence will always end with a question mark.

Requirements: Clear concept on Auxiliary Verb and Pronoun

Auxiliary verb

To be verb

am, is, are, was, were

To have verb

have, has, had

To do verb

do, does, did

Modal auxiliary

can, could, may, might, shall, should, will, would, must, ought to, need to, dare to, used to

Pronoun: I, we, you, he, she, it, they, one, there

Basic Rule

1. Put auxiliary verb

2. Either add n’t or escape

3. Use pronoun of subject

Example

a. Rana is a good boy, isn’t he?
b. Rani is not a good girl, is she?
c. You have done well, haven’t you?
d. We work hard, don’t we?
e. She works hard, doesn’t she?
f. He doesn’t read in this school, does he?
g. You worked hard, didn’t he?
h. Fishes cannot fly, can they?
i. The man would do it, wouldn’t he?
j. We should learn English, shouldn’t we?
k. I ought to respect our elders, oughtn’t I?

Imperative sentence

Imperative sentences normally start with verb, let, please, kindly, always, never
1. Let us/ let’s = shall we
2. Let me/him/her/them=will you
3. Rest of all Imperative sentences=will you/won’t you
4. Offer or invitation = won’t you

Example

a. Let us discuss the topic, shall we? 
b. Let’s have a party, shall we?
c. Let me discuss it, will you/?
d. Let them have a party, will you?
e. Open the door, will you/won’t you?
f. Please open the door, will you/won’t you?
g. Kindly do me a favour, will you/won’t you?
h. Always obey your seniors, will you/won’t you?
i. Never leave the honest path, will you/won’t you?

Explanation of basic rules

1. Use auxiliary verb that is given in the sentence. If there is no auxiliary verb in the sentence, use to do verb.

Simple Present = do/does 

(verb + s/es = does        Otherwise = do)

Simple Past = did

2. auxiliary verb + n’t

Exceptional:

a. am not =aren’t/ain’t, cannot = can’t, shall not = shan’t, will not = won’t

b. No, never, not, neither, nobody, no one, none, nothing, scarcely, hardly, few, seldom, barely, rarely, too…..to, little etc express negative sense.

c. a/ the + little or few = tag will be negative

3. Use personal pronouns like I, we, you, he, she, it, they, one along with there as subject of the tag

Reminder:   
1. Only subject of a tag question affects the verb.               

2. Tag question starts with auxiliary verb

3. uncountable/invisible/distance/time/money/weight/volume takes singular subject

Look at the following contraction

’m = am

’ve = have

’re=are/were

’ll =shall/will

’d = would/had (would+verb1/had+verb3)

’s = is/was/has (is+verb1+ing/has+verb3) 

Look at the chart.

Subject of given sentences

Subject of Tag Question

Male/The sun

he

Female/The moon/Bangladesh

she

Allah, Creator, God

He (first letter will be capital)

Object/thing/this/that/baby/child

it

Third person plural/these/those

they

everybody, everyone, anybody, anyone, somebody, someone, none, nobody, no one

they

One

one/they

nothing, anything, something, everything

it

Abstract noun like the father, the lion, the mother, the sister, the brother, the fox, the beast

it

There

there

The + Adjective (The poor/The rich/The educated etc)

they

The Jury/the committee (same opinion) 

The Jury/the committee (different opinion)

It

they

Exclamatory sentences without subject and verb

Use subject and verb according to the sentence

All of/neither of/Some of/Many of/ Most of /Everyone of/Each of /Either of (us/you/them)

we/you/they

No + money/salt

any

Infinitive (to+ verb)

Gerund (Verb + ing)

it

Compound Subject (231= 2nd person, 3rd person, 1st person)

 

You, he and I

we

Confessing guilt (123) I, you and he

we

You and I

we

He and I

we

You and he

you

He and she

they

The + sub + and + the + sub

The + sub + and + sub

plural subject

singular subject

Two subjects added with with, together with, along with, accompanied by, as well as, in addition to           

First subject

Two subjects added with either..or, neither…nor, or, not only….but also
Both…and       

Second subject
they

Two clauses added with and, but, or , that    

Second clause

Complex sentence

Principal clause

Exercises on tag question

1. She is pretty, –? 2. You have done well, –? 3. He will play football, –? 4. She can play the piano, –? 5. He may pass the exam, –? 6. The man would do it, –? 7. A good student is always attentive to his study, –? 8. Arif read a story book yesterday, –? 9. Arif’s performance is praiseworthy, –? 10. Bangladesh is a small country, –? 11. I had a bad headache yesterday, –? 12. Rina will sing a folk song, –? 13. Her mother couldn’t walk, –? 14. Man cannot live alone, –? 15. Man cannot live without food, –? 16. Susmita will sing a song, –? 17. The brave should be encouraged, –? 18. The idle cannot prosper, –? 19. To err is human, –? 20. We have to study English, –? 21. We must eat vegetables, –? 22. We ought to respect our teachers, –? 23. We should learn English for our experience, –? 24. You don’t know it, –? 25. You need not go there, –? 26. He need to do it, –? 27. She needs to save it, –? 28. He doesn’t read in this school, –? 29. He didn’t take sugar in the tea, –? 30. He dare not do it, –? 31. He need not go there, –? 32. Man is not immortal, –? 33. She can play the piano, –? 34. Rina will sing a folk song, –? 35. Fishes can swim, –? 36. He used to like you, –? 37. Mr Brown teaches us English, –? 38. Harun plays cricket, –? 39. Education broadens the mind, –? 40. Rahim went to Dhaka yesterday, –? 41. Rima cooked rice, –? 42. My friends play football, –? 43. He invited me, –? 44. A lie never lies hidden for long, –? 45. I prefer milk to tea, –? 46. Grameen bank provides loan to the poor, –? 47. He hit us, –? 48. The moon shines at night, –? 49. America attacked Iraq, –? 50. The nun leads a simple life, –? 51. The sun having set, we reached home, –? 52. The sun shines by day, –? 53. Time and tide wait for none, –? 54. We need good friends, –? 55. Your mother prepared the cup of coffee, –? 56. Your niece looks beautiful, –? 57. He needs it, –? 58. They came here, –? 59. Reza got a job, –? 60. She kept silent, –? 61. She told me the matter, –? 62. A barking dog seldom bites, –? 63. A good rain can give us some relief, –? 64. The baby is crying for its mother, –? 65. The dog is a faithful animal, –? 66. This is a nice book, –? 67. These sounds can be easily avoided, –? 68. This book is rare now, –? 69. That sounds good, –? 70. Those sound great, –? 71. The baby begins to cry, –?

1. She is pretty, isn’t she? 2. You have done well, haven’t you? 3. He will play football, won’t he? 4. She can play the piano, can’t she? 5. He may pass the exam, mayn’t he? 6. The man would do it, wouldn’t he? 7. A good student is always attentive to his study, isn’t he? 8. Arif read a story book yesterday, didn’t he? 9. Arif’s performance is praiseworthy, isn’t it? 10. Bangladesh is a small country, isn’t it? 11. I had a bad headache yesterday, didn’t I? 12. Rina will sing a folk song, won’t she? 13. Her mother couldn’t walk, could she? 14. Man cannot live alone, can he? 15. Man cannot live without food, can he? 16. Susmita will sing a song, won’t she? 17. The brave should be encouraged, shouldn’t they? 18. The idle cannot prosper, can they? 19. To err is human, isn’t it? 20. We have to study English, don’t we? 21. We must eat vegetables, mustn’t we? 22. We ought to respect our teachers, oughtn’t we? 23. We should learn English for our experience, shouldn’t we? 24. You don’t know it, do you? 25. You need not go there, need you? 26. He need to do it, doesn’t he? 27. She needs to save it, doesn’t she? 28. He doesn’t read in this school, does he? 29. He didn’t take sugar in the tea, did he? 30. He dare not do it, dare he? 31. He need not go there, need he? 32. Man is not immortal, is he? 33. She can play the piano, can’t she? 34. Rina will sing a folk song, won’t she? 35. Fishes can swim, can’t they? 36. He used to like you, didn’t he? 37. Mr Brown teaches us English, doesn’t he? 38. Harun plays cricket, doesn’t he? 39. Education broadens the mind, doesn’t it? 40. Rahim went to Dhaka yesterday, didn’t he? 41. Rima cooked rice, didn’t she? 42. My friends play football, don’t they? 43. He invited me, didn’t he? 44. A lie never lies hidden for long, does it? 45. I prefer milk to tea, don’t I? 46. Grameen bank provides loan to the poor, doesn’t it? 47. He hit us, didn’t he? 48. The moon shines at night, doesn’t it? 49. America attacked Iraq, didn’t it? 50. The nun leads a simple life, doesn’t she? 51. The sun having set, we reached home, didn’t we? 52. The sun shines by day, doesn’t it? 53. Time and tide wait for none, do they? 54. We need good friends, don’t we? 55. Your mother prepared the cup of coffee, didn’t she? 56. Your niece looks beautiful, doesn’t she? 57. He needs it, doesn’t he? 58. They came here, didn’t they? 59. Reza got a job, didn’t he? 60. She kept silent, didn’t she? 61. She told me the matter, didn’t she? 62. A barking dog seldom bites, does it? 63. A good rain can give us some relief, can’t it? 64. The baby is crying for its mother, isn’t it? 65. The dog is a faithful animal, isn’t it? 66. This is a nice book, isn’t it? 67. These sounds can be easily avoided, can’t they? 68. This book is rare now, isn’t it? 69. That sounds good, doesn’t it? 70. Those sound great, don’t they? 71. The baby begins to cry, doesn’t it?

1. Shut the door, –? 2. Close the book, –? 3. Respect the old, –? 4. Open the door, –? 5. Wait here a moment, –? 6. Open the door, –? 7. Open the window, –? 8. Shut up, –? 9. Study attentively, –? 10. Tell me your address, –? 11. Write a short composition, –? 12. Wait a moment, –? 13. Sit down please, –? 14. Give me a glass of water, –? 15. Give me a hand, –? 16. Lend me your car please, –? 17. Please lend me some money, –? 18. Please help me, –? 19. Please lend me our camera, –? 20. Kindly do me a favour, –? 21. Never tell a lie, –? 22. Don’t forget me, –? 23. Don’t boil rice, –? 24. Don’t disturb me, –? 25. Don’t make a noise, –? 26. Do not touch live electric wire, –? 27. Don’t forget me, –? 28. Do not hate the poor, –? 29. Bring me a book, –? 30. Call in a doctor, –? 31. Do not do it again, –? 32. Do your study in time, –? 33. Don’t be late, –? 34. Don’t go there alone, –? 35. Don’t drop the vase, –? 36. Don’t forget me, –? 37. Don’t waste time, –? 38. Let me come into the room, –? 39. Let me speak the truth, –? 40. Let her discuss the matter, –? 41. Let him build his nation, –? 42. Let them play cricket, –? 43. Let me have a walk, –? 44. Let us discuss the topic, –? 45. Let us go home, –? 46. Let’s go out, –? 47. Let’s have a party, –? 48. Let’s have some fun, –? 49. Let’s speak the truth, –? 50. Let’s discuss the matter, –? 51. Let us build our nation, –? 52. Let us work together, –? 53. Let’s arrange a picnic, –? 54. Let’s play cricket, –? 55. Let’s have a walk, –? 56. Let’s go on a picnic, –? 57. Let’s have a walk by the riverside, –?

1. Shut the door, won’t you? 2. Close the book, will you? 3. Respect the old, will you? 4. Open the door, will you? 5. Wait here a moment, will you? 6. Open the door, will you? 7. Open the window, will you? 8. Shut up, will you? 9. Study attentively, will you? 10. Tell me your address, will you? 11. Write a short composition, will you? 12. Wait a moment, will you? 13. Sit down please, will you? 14. Give me a glass of water, will you? 15. Give me a hand, will you? 16. Lend me your car please, will you? 17. Please lend me some money, will you? 18. Please help me, will you? 19. Please lend me our camera, will you? 20. Kindly do me a favour, will you? 21. Never tell a lie, will you? 22. Don’t forget me, will you? 23. Don’t boil rice, will you? 24. Don’t disturb me, will you? 25. Don’t make a noise, will you? 26. Do not touch live electric wire, will you? 27. Don’t forget me, will you? 28. Do not hate the poor, will you? 29. Bring me a book, will you? 30. Call in a doctor, will you? 31. Do not do it again, will you? 32. Do your study in time, will you? 33. Don’t be late, will you? 34. Don’t go there alone, will you? 35. Don’t drop the vase, will you? 36. Don’t forget me, will you? 37. Don’t waste time, will you? 38. Let me come into the room, will you? 39. Let me speak the truth, will you? 40. Let her discuss the matter, will you? 41. Let him build his nation, will you? 42. Let them play cricket, will you? 43. Let me have a walk, will you? 44. Let us discuss the topic, shall we? 45. Let us go home, shall we? 46. Let’s go out, shall we? 47. Let’s have a party, shall we? 48. Let’s have some fun, shall we? 49. Let’s speak the truth, shall we? 50. Let’s discuss the matter, shall we? 51. Let us build our nation, shall we? 52. Let us work together, shall we? 53. Let’s arrange a picnic, shall we? 54. Let’s play cricket, shall we? 55. Let’s have a walk, shall we? 56. Let’s go on a picnic, shall we? 57. Let’s have a walk by the riverside, shall we?

1. I’m waiting for him, –? 2. I’ll be your well-wisher, –? 3. I am a student, –? 4. I can be happy, –? 5. I will be ten years old, –? 6. I shall be punctual, –? 7. I am glad to see you, –? 8. I will be happy, –? 9. I am late for home, –? 10. I am pleased, –? 11. He’ll play football, –? 12. I am ten years old, –? 13. I shall help you, –? 14. I’m your friend, –? 15. You will be late today, –? 16. You’ll never been Paris, –? 17. You’re happy, –? 18. They’ll not follow you, –? 19. They will go to the Zoo, –? 20. They cannot tell the false, –? 21. He will finish the work, –? 22. He’ll play football, –? 23. I’m not telling a lie, –? 24. I’m really happy, –? 25. He’s hungry, –? 26. I’m late, –? 27. I’m not really starving, –? 28. I’m not well, –? 29. I‘m pleased at his conduct, –? 30. I’m your well-wisher, –? 31. He’d go there, –? 32. She’d catch fish, –? 33. He’d gone there, –? 34. He’d done it, –? 35. He’d finished the work, –? 36. Toma’s missed it, –? 37. He’s going to dance club, –? 38. He’s reading yesterday, –? 39. It‘s hardly rained at all this summer, –? 40. He’d done the work, –? 41. It’s hardly rained during the rainy season, –? 42. There’s been an accident, –? 43. You’ve done a lot of mistakes, –? 44. He’s reading yesterday, –? 45. It‘s hardly rained at all this summer, –? 46. There’s too much work to do, –? 47. He’d finished the work, –? 48. My father’s birthday is on April 20, –? 49. You’d get a job, –? 50. You’d rather go, –? 51. He’d gone there, –? 52. He’s working now, –? 53. He’s worked a lot, –? 54. He’d go there, –? 55. He’d gone there, –?

 

1. I’m waiting for him, aren’t I? 2. I’ll be your well-wisher, won’t I? 3. I am a student, aren’t I? 4. I can be happy, can’t I? 5. I will be ten years old, won’t I? 6. I shall be punctual, shan’t I? 7. I am glad to see you, aren’t I? 8. I will be happy, won’t I? 9. I am late for home, aren’t I? 10. I am pleased, aren’t I? 11. He’ll play football, won’t he? 12. I am ten years old, aren’t I? 13. I shall help you, shan’t I? 14. I’m your friend, aren’t I? 15. You will be late today, won’t you? 16. You’ll never been to Paris, have you? 17. You’re happy, aren’t you? 18. They’ll not follow you, will they? 19. They will go to the Zoo, won’t they? 20. They cannot tell the false, can they? 21. He will finish the work, won’t he? 22. He’ll play football, won’t he? 23. I’m not telling a lie, am I? 24. I’m really happy, aren’t I? 25. He’s hungry, isn’t he? 26. I’m late, aren’t I? 27. I’m not really starving, am I? 28. I’m not well, am I? 29. I‘m pleased at his conduct, aren’t I? 30. I’m your well-wisher, aren’t I? 31. He’d go there, wouldn’t he? 32. She’d catch fish, wouldn’t she? 33. He’d gone there, hadn’t he? 34. He’d done it, hadn’t he? 35. He’d finished the work, hadn’t he? 36. Toma’s missed it, hasn’t she? 37. He’s going to dance club, isn’t he? 38. He’s reading yesterday, wasn’t he? 39. It‘s hardly rained at all this summer, has it? 40. He’d done the work, hadn’t he? 41. It’s hardly rained during the rainy season, has it? 42. There’s been an accident, hasn’t there? 43. You’ve done a lot of mistakes, haven’t you? 44. He’s reading yesterday, wasn’t he? 45. It‘s hardly rained at all this summer, has it? 46. There’s too much work to do, isn’t there? 47. He’d finished the work, hadn’t he? 48. My father’s birthday is on April 20, isn’t it? 49. You’d get a job, wouldn’t you? 50. You’d rather go, wouldn’t you? 51. He’d gone there, hadn’t he? 52. He’s working now, isn’t he? 53. He’s worked a lot, hasn’t he? 54. He’d go there, wouldn’t he? 55. He’d gone there, hadn’t he?

4. 1. Everybody should do his duty, –? 2. Somebody wanted to go with you, –? 3. Everybody should help me, –? 4. Everybody could understand it, –? 5. Everybody played well, –? 6. Everybody welcomed you, –? 7. Everybody can read books, –? 8. Everybody saw you, –? 9. Everybody played well, –? 10. Everybody warned you, –? 11. Everyone could understand it, –? 12. Nobody called me, –? 13. None can do it, –? 14. Nobody phoned, –? 15. Neither of them went, –? 16. Neither of them did it, –? 17. None can avoid death, –? 18. Nobody attended the meeting, –? 19. None came forward, –? 20. None of them knew the answer, –? 21. Nobody believed him, –? 22. Nobody called me, –? 23. Nobody phoned him, –? 24. None can do it, –? 25. No one would object, –? 26. Somebody wanted a pen, –? 27. Somebody wanted to drink, –? 28. None attended the seminar, –? 29. Everybody has self respect, –? 30. Everybody is dancing, –? 31. Everybody desires success, –? 32. Everybody likes flower, –? 33. Every mother loves her child, –? 34. Everybody is liable to error, –? 35. Every teacher loves his student, –? 36. Everybody knows it, –? 37. Everyone knows it, –? 38. Everyone likes an honest man, –? 39. Everybody was there, –? 40. No one is free from mistake, –? 41. Nobody has done it, –? 42. Nobody dislikes flower, –? 43. Nobody believes him, –? 44. Nobody believes a liar, –? 45. Everyone wants to be happy, –? 46. Everyone knows it, –? 47. Many a rose is born to blush unseen, –? 48. Many a man will come, –? 49. Someone has stolen his pen, –? 50. Somebody has called, –? 51. Nobody was praised and awarded by the committee, –? 52. Every action has an equal and opposite reaction, –?

1. Everybody should do his duty, shouldn’t they? 2. Somebody wanted to go with you, didn’t they? 3. Everybody should help me, shouldn’t they? 4. Everybody could understand it, couldn’t they? 5. Everybody played well, didn’t they? 6. Everybody welcomed you, didn’t they? 7. Everybody can read books, can’t they? 8. Everybody saw you, didn’t they? 9. Everybody played well, didn’t they? 10. Everybody warned you, didn’t they? 11. Everyone could understand it, couldn’t they? 12. Nobody called me, did they? 13. None can do it, can they? 14. Nobody phoned, did they? 15. Neither of them went, did they? 16. Neither of them did it, did they? 17. None can avoid death, can they? 18. Nobody attended the meeting, did they? 19. None came forward, did they? 20. None of them knew the answer, did they? 21. Nobody believed him, did they? 22. Nobody called me, did they? 23. Nobody phoned him, did they? 24. None can do it, can they? 25. No one would object, would they? 26. Somebody wanted a pen, didn’t they? 27. Somebody wanted to drink, didn’t they? 28. None attended the seminar, did they? 29. Everybody has self-respect, don’t they? 30. Everybody is dancing, aren’t they? 31. Everybody desires success, don’t they? 32. Everybody likes flowers, don’t they? 33. Every mother loves her child, doesn’t she? 34. Everybody is liable to error, aren’t they? 35. Every teacher loves his student, doesn’t he? 36. Everybody knows it, don’t they? 37. Everyone knows it, don’t they? 38. Everyone likes an honest man, don’t they? 39. Everybody was there, weren’t they? 40. No one is free from mistake, are they? 41. Nobody has done it, have they? 42. Nobody dislikes flowers, do they? 43. Nobody believes him, do they? 44. Nobody believes a liar, do they? 45. Everyone wants to be happy, don’t they? 46. Everyone knows it, don’t they? 47. Many a rose is born to blush unseen, isn’t it? 48. Many a man will come, won’t he? 49. Someone has stolen his pen, hasn’t he? 50. Somebody has called, hasn’t he? 51. Nobody was praised and awarded by the committee, were they? 52. Every action has an equal and opposite reaction, doesn’t it?

1. One can help you, –? 2. One will know it, –? 3. One should do one’s duty, –? 4. One can be succeeded in without it, –? 5. One will join us, –? 6. One may fail, –? 7. One has to do it, –? 8. One has to be conscious, –? 9. One person cannot be called people, –? 10. One could conceive of it, –? 11. One saw that coming, –? 12. One knows it, –? 13. One can say about it, –? 14. One will speak more respectfully, –? 15. One may almost doubt, –? 16. One had written a composition, –? 17. One chose the horse, –? 18. One should take care of one’s health, –? 19. One farmer says to me, –?

1. One can help you, can’t they? 2. One will know it, won’t they? 3. One should do one’s duty, shouldn’t they? 4. One can be succeeded in without it, can they? 5. One will join us, won’t they? 6. One may fail, mayn’t they? 7. One has to do it, don’t they? 8. One has to be conscious, don’t they? 9. One person cannot be called people, can they? 10. One could conceive of it, couldn’t they? 11. One saw that coming, didn’t they? 12. One knows it, don’t they? 13. One can say about it, can’t they? 14. One will speak more respectfully, won’t they? 15. One may almost doubt, mayn’t they? 16. One had written a composition, hadn’t they? 17. One chose the horse, didn’t they? 18. One should take care of one’s health, shouldn’t they? 19. One farmer says to me, doesn’t he?

1. Nothing can happen, –? 2. Nothing can revive this worse situation, –? 3. Nothing comes or goes, –? 4. Nothing is certain, –? 5. Nothing remains certain, –? 6. Nothing terrible has happened, –? 7. Nothing was done, –? 8. Nothing is impossible, –? 9. Nothing is certain, –? 10. Everything looked beautiful, –? 11. Something should be done, –? 12. Nothing can concern you, –? 13. Nothing comes from nothing, –? 14. Nothing is impossible in this world, –? 15. Everything looked beautiful, –? 16. Everything looked nice, –? 17. Nothing can satisfy him, –? 18. Nothing comes or goes, –? 19. Nothing is certain in this world, –? 20. Nothing is certain, –? 21. Nothing is working, –? 22. Nothing remains certain, –? 23. Nothing was done, –? 24. Something is better than nothing, –? 25. Everything was alright, –? 26. Nothing of them is valueless, –? 27. Nothing was right, –? 28. Nothing has been considered right, –?

1. Nothing can happen, can it? 2. Nothing can revive this worse situation, can it? 3. Nothing comes or goes, does it? 4. Nothing is certain, is it? 5. Nothing remains certain, does it? 6. Nothing terrible has happened, has it? 7. Nothing was done, was it? 8. Nothing is impossible, is it? 9. Nothing is certain, is it? 10. Everything looked beautiful, didn’t it? 11. Something should be done, shouldn’t it? 12. Nothing can concern you, can it? 13. Nothing comes from nothing, does it? 14. Nothing is impossible in this world, is it? 15. Everything looked beautiful, didn’t it? 16. Everything looked nice, didn’t it? 17. Nothing can satisfy him, can it? 18. Nothing comes or goes, does it? 19. Nothing is certain in this world, is it? 20. Nothing is certain, is it? 21. Nothing is working, is it? 22. Nothing remains certain, does it? 23. Nothing was done, was it? 24. Something is better than nothing, isn’t it? 25. Everything was alright, wasn’t it? 26. Nothing of them is valueless, is it? 27. Nothing was right, was it? 28. Nothing has been considered right, has it?

He hardly comes here, –? 2. He hardly believes me, –? 3. Nobody called you, –? 4. He has little idea, –? 5. He seldom comes here, –? 6. I have few friends, –? 7. We see him scarcely, –? 8. It hardly rained at all this summer, –? 9. It hardly rains here, –? 10. It’s hardly rained during the rainy season, –? 11. Rumi hardly goes to market, –? 12. She scarcely goes to market, –? 13. Salam hardly comes here, –? 14. I have few friends, –? 15. We see him scarcely, –? 16. My friends and I hardly go there, –? 17. He spent few hours with us, –? 18. The little girl knew a little of the matter, –? 19. The oldest of the men little thinks about death, –? 20. He hardly believes me, –? 21. He hardly realises it, –? 22. He hardly studies, –? 23. He has few friends, –? 24. He seldom comes here, –? 25. An ideal student hardly studies, –? 26. I go there hardly, –? 27. I have few story books, –? 28. I have hardly seen him, –? 29. I have a little rice, –? 30. I have a few books, –? 31. I shall never tell a lie, –? 32. I could hardly go there, –? 33. He rarely remembers his past, –? 34. Few people were present there, –? 35. There’s little we can do about it, –? 36. It’s hardly rained this summer, –?

1. He hardly comes here, does he? 2. He hardly believes me, does he? 3. Nobody called you, did they? 4. He has little idea, hasn’t he? 5. He seldom comes here, doesn’t he? 6. I have few friends, don’t I? 7. We see him scarcely, do we? 8. It hardly rained at all this summer, did it? 9. It hardly rains here, does it? 10. It’s hardly rained during the rainy season, has it? 11. Rumi hardly goes to market, does he? 12. She scarcely goes to market, does she? 13. Salam hardly comes here, does he? 14. I have few friends, don’t I? 15. We see him scarcely, do we? 16. My friends and I hardly go there, do we? 17. He spent few hours with us, didn’t he? 18. The little girl knew a little of the matter, didn’t she? 19. The oldest of the men little thinks about death, do they? 20. He hardly believes me, does he? 21. He hardly realises it, does he? 22. He hardly studies, does he? 23. He has few friends, doesn’t he? 24. He seldom comes here, doesn’t he? 25. An ideal student hardly studies, does he? 26. I go there hardly, don’t I? 27. I have few story books, don’t I? 28. I have hardly seen him, haven’t I? 29. I have a little rice, haven’t I? 30. I have a few books, don’t I? 31. I shall never tell a lie, shall I? 32. I could hardly go there, could I? 33. He rarely remembers his past, doesn’t he? 34. Few people were present there, weren’t they? 35. There’s little we can do about it, isn’t there? 36. It’s hardly rained this summer, has it?

1. There is no king in China, –? 2. There is a mistake, –? 3. There are many books on the table, –? 4. There is not any cloud in the sky, –? 5. There is a mistake, –? 6. There is no pond in this village, –? 7. There wasn’t enough time, –? 8. There’s been an accident, –? 9. There has been an accident, –? 10. There is no pond in the village, –? 11. There is no water in the glass, –? 12. There is something wrong, –? 13. There was none there, –? 14. There’s a big match tonight, –? 15. There’s a lot of talk of a new restaurant, –?

1. There is no king in China, is there? 2. There is a mistake, isn’t there? 3. There are many books on the table, aren’t there? 4. There is not any cloud in the sky, is there? 5. There is a mistake, isn’t there? 6. There is no pond in this village, is there? 7. There wasn’t enough time, was there? 8. There’s been an accident, hasn’t there? 9. There has been an accident, hasn’t there? 10. There is no pond in the village, is there? 11. There is no water in the glass, is there? 12. There is something wrong, isn’t there? 13. There was none there, was there? 14. There’s a big match tonight, isn’t there? 15. There’s a lot of talk of a new restaurant, isn’t there?

1. The girl in her pleased us all, –? 2. The father rose in him, –? 3. The mother rose in her, –? 4. The brother in him arose, –? 5. The father is noticed in him, –? 6. The boy in him pleased us all, –? 7. The brother in him rose, –? 8. The girl in her will surprise you, –? 9. The girl in her surprised us all, –? 10. The fox is found in him, –? 11. The beast was noticed in her, –? 12. A healthy man can reside only in a healthy body, –?

1. The girl in her pleased us all, didn’t she? 2. The father rose in him, didn’t he? 3. The mother rose in her, didn’t she? 4. The brother in him arose, didn’t he? 5. The father is noticed in him, isn’t he? 6. The boy in him pleased us all, didn’t he? 7. The brother in him rose, didn’t he? 8. The girl in her will surprise you, won’t she? 9. The girl in her surprised us all, didn’t she? 10. The fox is found in him, isn’t it? 11. The beast was noticed in her, wasn’t it? 12. A healthy man can reside only in a healthy body, can’t he?

The moon, Homeland, Titanic, Train, Ship, The Earth, Boat, The Spring, Bus, River, Nature, Liberty, Justice, Mercy, Hope, Aeroplane, Charity, Love, Steamer, The Autumn, Launch ….. Subject will be she.

The Sun, cold, Summer, Winter, Fire, death, Storm, Flood, war, winter, Sidr, Tidal bore, Tidal wave, Earthquake, Cyclone …… Subject will be he.

1. The moon has hidden her face behind the cloud, –? 2. The spring came with all her beauties, –? 3. Bangladesh is not rich in mineral resources, –? 4. The Jamuna Express is running at a full speed, –? 5. The Titanic sank at her first voyage, –? 6. Bangladesh provides us with all amenities, –? 7. Death comes without one’s notice, –? 8. Because of hunger the baby is crying for its mother, –? 9. The ship was carrying a lot of people from Dhaka to Barisal, –? 10. Extreme cold sometimes snatches away the lives of some old people, –?

1. The moon has hidden her face behind the cloud, hasn’t it? 2. The spring came with all her beauties, didn’t it? 3. Bangladesh is not rich in mineral resources, is it? 4. The Jamuna Express is running at a full speed, isn’t it? 5. The Titanic sank at her first voyage, didn’t it? 6. Bangladesh provides us with all amenities, doesn’t it? 7. Death comes without one’s notice, doesn’t it? 8. Because of hunger the baby is crying for its mother, isn’t it? 9. The ship was carrying a lot of people from Dhaka to Barisal, wasn’t it? 10. Extreme cold sometimes snatches away the lives of some old people, doesn’t it?

1. The teacher as well as the workers may come, –? 2. The prime minister with all the members of the cabinet went to the U.S.A, –? 3. I along with my friends enjoyed a picnic last month, –? 4. The headmaster along with other teachers went to Dhaka, –? 5. The Headmaster and the secretary said many things, –? 6. The boy as well as his brothers has come, –? 7. Suma together with Sumi came to my office, –? 8. The teacher as well as the students was present, –? 9. Mr. Hassan along with his son visited our house, –? 10. Excitement, as well as nervousness, is the cause of her shaking, –? 11. The politician, along with the newsmen, is expected shortly, –? 12. Supti as well as Dolly was responsible for that, –? 13. I, with my friends, teachers and other colleagues, am going to enjoy the match, –? 14. The man, along with his manager and some friends, is going to the party, –? 15. Karina together with her friends has attended the party, –? 16. Rita, accompanied by her husband and three children, has left Dhaka today, –? 17. Salina in her friends’ company attends the seminar today, –? 18. Edge modem together with TV card and LAN card has been installed with motherboard, –? 19. Edge modem together with speakers and magnetic devices does not get network properly, –? 20. Nishat as well as her friend Nusrat has been given the highest marks, –? 21. Nilufar accompanied by her parents was going to market in the evening that day, –? 22. Biometrics including some other important subjects has been introduced to this present course, –? 23. Navana in her friends’ company has got to the spot in time, –? 24. Our Managing Director along with some high officials attended the seminar on VoIP, –? 25. Neither Hasnat nor Hasi was present in the meeting that day, –? 26. Either Sushil or Sumi has done the work, –? 27. Neither Shovel nor his parents are going to the sea-beach today, –? 28. Neither Sohag nor Jenny was awarded by the authority, –? 29. Either Suma or her friends have done this, –? 30. Either Grandpa or my sisters are going to the park, –? 31. Either my sisters or Grandpa is going to the park, –? 32. Neither she nor I am going to college, –? 33. Either Mary or Alice is responsible for this, –? 34. Neither the Minister nor his colleagues have given an explanation for this, –? 35. Neither my dad nor my brothers know how to play chess, –? 36. Either my shoes or your coat is always on the floor, –? 37. Either my mother or my father is coming to the meeting, –? 38. Neither his father nor his mother does it, –? 39. My mom or dad is coming to the play, –? 40. Neither gray nor white is my favorite color, –?

1. The teacher as well as the workers may come, mayn’t they? 2. The prime minister with all the members of the cabinet went to the U.S.A, didn’t he? 3. I along with my friends enjoyed a picnic last month, didn’t I? 4. The headmaster along with other teachers went to Dhaka, didn’t he? 5. The Headmaster and the secretary said many things, didn’t they? 6. The boy as well as his brothers has come, hasn’t he? 7. Suma together with Sumi came to my office, didn’t she? 8. The teacher as well as the students was present, wasn’t he? 9. Mr. Hassan along with his son visited our house, didn’t he? 10. Excitement, as well as nervousness, is the cause of her shaking, isn’t it? 11. The politician, along with the newsmen, is expected shortly, isn’t he? 12. Supti as well as Dolly was responsible for that, wasn’t she? 13. I, with my friends, teachers and other colleagues, am going to enjoy the match, aren’t I? 14. The man, along with his manager and some friends, is going to the party, isn’t he? 15. Karina together with her friends has attended the party, hasn’t she? 16. Rita, accompanied by her husband and three children, has left Dhaka today, hasn’t she? 17. Salina in her friends’ company attends the seminar today, doesn’t she? 18. Edge modem together with TV card and LAN card has been installed with motherboard, hasn’t it? 19. Edge modem together with speakers and magnetic devices does not get network properly, does it? 20. Nishat as well as her friend Nusrat has been given the highest marks, hasn’t she? 21. Nilufar accompanied by her parents was going to market in the evening that day, wasn’t she? 22. Biometrics including some other important subjects has been introduced to this present course, hasn’t it? 23. Navana in her friends’ company has got to the spot in time, hasn’t she? 24. Our Managing Director along with some high officials attended the seminar on VoIP, didn’t he? 25. Neither Hasnat nor Hasi was present in the meeting that day, were they? 26. Either Sushil or Sumi has done the work, haven’t they? 27. Neither Shovel nor his parents are going to the sea-beach today, are they? 28. Neither Sohag nor Jenny was awarded by the authority, were they? 29. Either Suma or her friends have done this, haven’t they? 30. Either Grandpa or my sisters are going to the park, aren’t they? 31. Either my sisters or Grandpa is going to the park, isn’t he? 32. Neither she nor I am going to college, am I? 33. Either Mary or Alice is responsible for this, isn’t she? 34. Neither the Minister nor his colleagues have given an explanation for this, have they? 35. Neither my dad nor my brothers know how to play chess, do they? 36. Either my shoes or your coat is always on the floor, isn’t it? 37. Either my mother or my father is coming to the meeting, isn’t he? 38. Neither his father nor his mother does it, do they? 39. My mom or dad is coming to the play, isn’t he? 40. Neither gray nor white is my favorite color, is it?

11. To learn a language is like riding a cycle, –? To err is human, –? Walking is a good exercise, –? Swimming is good for health, –? Acquiring a language is more successful, –? Learning is like riding a cycle, –?  Feeding is a big challenge, –?  Swimming has been my passion, –?  Eating people is wrong, –?  Hunting tigers is dangerous, –? Flying makes me nervous, –?  Brushing your teeth is importan, –? Smoking causes lung cancer, –?  Acting is fun, –?  Playing football is disgusting, –?  Walking on the beach is painful, –?  To help the poor and the wretched is not less important than our regular prayers, –? Reading various types of journals helps a student make thesis paper, –? Supplying electricity everywhere in Bangladesh is considered a mammoth task, –? To study properly for cutting a brilliant figure in the exam should be the prime concern of the students, –?  In the evening everyday playing football helps us build up our body, –? To tell a lie is a great sin, –? Visiting different countries widens our knowledge, –? To develop infrastructure can help us improve social and economic conditions to some extent, –? Using Bluetooth technology is one of the ways to connect internet, –? To mail anybody anywhere is now nothing but a single click of computer or a little touch of mobile keypad, –?

12. You and I are best friends, –? My parents and I are happy, –? You and he went there, –? You and I came to terms, –? My father and I were happy, –? She did not attend the party and neither did I, –? Sampa did not attend the conference, and her younger sister did not either, –? Shimla went there, and her friend did also, –? The girl hasn’t worked out the sum, and her friend hasn’t either, –? Professor Bulbul didn’t ask any oral test instead of taking a final exam, and Jennie did not either, –?  Jane won’t go to the party and neither will her younger sister, –? Your class has not started yet, and neither has mine, –? She will talk to him, and I will also, –? The manager did not attend the meeting, and neither did the director, –? The committee changed the decision, and so did the others, –? Laila helps him do the laundry, and so does her mother, –? The boy hasn’t done it, and neither has his friend, –? The students went to the principal and demanded new facilities in their college library, –? 

13. The helpless will be helped, –? The educated should be free from superstition, –? The helpless should be helped, –? The Idle cannot prosper in life, –? The unfed should be fed, –? The brave deserve the fair, –? The brave fight with courage, –?  The strong always oppress the weak, –? The rich are not always happy, –? The pious will be rewarded in the next world, –? The idle never can shine in life, –? In the society the dishonest can deserve respect from others a little, –?  The courageous make the difficult easy, impossible possible and unseen seen, –? Everywhere in the world the honest are respected by all, –? The talented very often endeavour to evaluate the merit of other scholars, –? All the while the strong depress the weak, –?  The feeble should not be humiliated in such a manner, –?

14. How fine the flower is! –? How lovely the bird is, –? How nice the flower is, –? How sweet the birds sing, –? How time does fly, –? What a pity, –? How odd, –? What a shame, –? How funny, –?  How interesting, –? How awful, –? What a pain, –? What a lovely girl, –? What a nice surprise, –? What a rude guy, –? What a wonderful sight, –? What a surprise, –? What a tragedy, –? What terrible weather, –? What idiots, –?

15. All of the forged money was found at last, –? None of the applicants have been selected, –? No instance was relevant to the case, –? No examples are relevant to the matter, –? One-third of the amount was spent and now the rest (of the amount) is mine, –? One-fifth of the students attended the seminar, –?  Some students were permitted to consult with the teachers about this, –? Some water was dirty, –? On the eve of Christmas, all students were absent, –? All rice was sold in the market, –? The first four problems are very hard, but the rest (of the problems) seem to be easy, –? Any (amount of) contribution is acceptable, –? Any men are eligible for this post, –? The rest of the money was kept idle, –? 

16. Twenty dollars does not go far, –? Five miles is the distance to the office, –? The staff is meeting in the conference room, –?  The staffs are persuading their clients to sign up again new, –? The congress has initiated a pragmatic step to solve the problem, –? Even the congresses have not the right to violate this rule for their own benefits, –? The crowd was making an unbearable noise, –? The crowd have no thought of losing anything, –? The audience keeps silent atmosphere in the hall-room, –? The audience play a vital role in stage-drama, –? The committee has decided about taking some immediate forceful actions, –? The committee have the bill passed for the rapid progress of the project, –? The majority believes him to be honest, –? The majority of the members believed her to be innocent, –? Our team is going to play tomorrow, –? Our team with their new jerseys played well, –? The jury was unique in the opinion, –? The jury were divided to that matter, –? The family has not left Dhaka yet, –? The family very often gave him financial as well as psychological support, –? Thirty minutes is not enough time to finish this work, –? A school of fish has been attacked by sharks, –? A flock of birds were flying in the sky, –? The jury gave their opinions separately, –? The class have served every teacher with delicious foods, –?

Extensive Rules

a. Tag will be followed according to the principal clause of complex sentence.

b. If two clauses are added by that/than/when, tag will be followed by the last sentence.

A. If you pinch me, I will feel pain, –?  If you work hard, you must do well, –? No one knows what’ll happen next, –?  It is man who pollutes the environment, –? The girl who came to me is my sister, –? When he came, I was sleeping, –? Men who live long grow old, –? Men who live long will say it, –? When you go there, I will meet you,–? It is found that an ancient king had many wives,–? I asked him if he had done his assignment,–? Though he was very rich, he was still very unhappy,–? She returned the computer after she noticed it was damaged,–? When the cost goes up, customers buy less clothing,–? As she was bright and ambitious, she became manager in no time,–? Wherever you go, you can always find beauty,–? The movie, though very long, was still very enjoyable,–? Evergreen trees are a symbol of fertility because they do not die in the winter,–? He got a part in a movie although the part was a small one,–? The museum was very interesting as I expected,–? As he is rich, people respect him,–? The professional, who had been thoroughly trained, was at a loss to explain,–? When she was younger, she believed in fairy tales, —? After the tornado hit the town, there was little left standing, —? I have to save this coupon because I don’t have time to shop right now,–? Let’s go back to the restaurant where we had our first date,–? Although my cousin invited me, I chose not to go to the reunion,–? As genes change over time, evolution progresses,–? I really didn’t like the play although the acting was very good,–? Everyone laughed when he got a cream pie smashed in his face,–?  The man who won the first prize in the competition was hailed very warmly, –? After Simi had studied a lot, she got A+ in the HSC Exam though she was an irregular student, –?  Her pen friend told her that he might visit Bangladesh in the winter season for which they were ready, –?  Walk fast lest you should miss the train, –? The lady guest whom the writer had met at Foyot’s, a fashionable restaurant in Paris, was more than 40, –?  The boy unexpectedly failed in the examination though he was always engaged in study, –? Porna could not meet her friend when she went there, –? The girl who cut a brilliant figure in the last examination is now insufficiently attentive to study, –? It’s many years since we first met at Foyot’s, –? Please wait here until I come, –? If the people of Bangladesh were educated, they could live a healthy and planned life, –? He’d have attended the party if he had been invited in time, –? Lora did not get A+ though she was very meritorious, –? As Bangladesh is a small country with large population, there remain a lot of problems, –? Lucy can shine in life if she studies sincerely, –? The woman had won the first prize in the competition before she was hailed very warmly, –? After Nuzhat had studied a lot, she got A+ in the HSC Examination, –? The boy went to college after he had completed his homework, –? The man attended the seminar after composing the song, –? Before going to market for shopping, the gentleman always takes his credit card with him, –? Pias cannot solve the problem unless he gets help from his friend, –? The patient had died before the doctor came, –? If you study well, you can get better grade, –? Please wait here until I come back, –? Since Bangladesh is a corrupted country, she can’t produce honest devotees, –?  The writer had received a letter from the lady guest before he entertained her at Foyot’s, –? Nova will get A+ if she studies a lot, –? He’d attend the party unless he got sick, –? Before appearing at the HSC Exam, every student should study sincerely, –? The patient died after the doctor had come, –?

B. I think that he is right, –? He told that you were not at home,–?  I think that he is right, –? The visitor that he guided was not a man, –? It is hoped that he will come in time, –? They said that the movie was fantastic,–? He said that he was so disappointed,–? We think that we can touch the stars,–? This is the house that Jack built,–? He will understand that I was not joking,–? Pinto tasted the wine that his mother bought for him,–? He said (that) he was enjoying his work,–? I believe that he is innocent,–? She said that she can speak three languages,–? I suspect that she eloped with her boyfriend,–? It was rather a shock that she should forget me so quickly,–? The teacher should know that everything is unacceptable,–? It surprised me that he was still in bed,–? She made it clear that she wouldn’t accept the proposal,–? I hope that you will enjoy your holiday,–? She didn’t really think that it would happen,–? I knew that I had seen her somewhere before,–? They admitted that they had made a mistake,–? She argued that they should invest more in the business,–? He made a promise that he would do all he could to help,–? I had a funny feeling that something was wrong,–? She pointed out the danger that they might be left behind,–? There was a chance that we would succeed,–? I am sorry that you can’t come,–? Everybody was pleased that the danger was past,–? It is lucky that you were able to drive us home,–? Everyone agrees that we have to act quickly,–? It’s easy to forget that she’s just a child,–? Recent research proves that global warming is already a reality,–? The children complained that they had nothing to do,–? Jerry said that he was responsible for breaking the axe-handle, –? I think, you are the right person for doing this job, –? The man thought that his sons might be involved in corruption, –? The foreigner remarks that free and fair election is the precondition for forming democratic government, –?  We do not suppose that he is hungry, –? Sabuz informed that everything should have been processed prior to that, –? She persuades that I should help her younger sister anyway, –? The President opines that the bill ought not to be resubmitted, ought it? The tourist-guide cites that the spot deserves to be a world heritage site, —? He does not think that his younger sister is guilty for that, –? The lady said that she had been asked to pay for it illegally, –? The chairman of the department never opines that computer lab facility should be lessened, –? The poet utters, the wretched people should not be kept hungry, –? The economist comments all hoarded merchandises have to be sold at a reasonable price, –?No sooner had the sun risen than the fog disappeared,–?  No sooner had I finished my studies than I got a good job,–?   No sooner had the sun disappeared below the horizon than darkness began to envelop the planet,–?  No sooner had the police left the scene than trouble started brewing again,–? Hardly had the child started crying when his mother lifted him up,–?  Hardly had I gone to bed when I fell asleep,–?  Hardly had I taken a dose of medicine when I started feeling better,–?  Scarcely had I reached the station when the train arrived,–?  Scarcely had I eaten the fish, when I started feeling sick,–?  Scarcely had they completed the work when they demanded the wages ,–? As soon as the rumour spread out, everybody got frightened, –? No sooner had the Principal entered the auditorium than all the teachers stood up, –? Nothing could be controlled as soon as the robot got powered, –? No sooner had the bell rung than all the learners went out, –? Julia burst out laughing as soon as the result was declared, –? No sooner had the teacher entered the classroom than all the students stood up, –? As soon as the police got to the spot, the swindlers ran away, –? No sooner had the student finished his writing than the bell rang, –? Nobody tried to go out as soon as the alarm was heard, –?

C. Prepositional phrases between the subject and verb usually do not affect tag question.

The learning of these new things is no longer interesting, –? Several theories of this subject have been accepted, –? People walking on the road are also inhaling this gas, –? The sound of the workers dragging the logs was nothing but rhythmic, –? During these years, the effects of this crime have been likely to be devastating, –? The fright of rape, outrage and robbery has caused many citizens to flee the towns, –? The colour of these books and scripts looks fine, –? Many novels written by this writer were not published in his lifetime, –? The affluent in many developed countries scarcely contribute to the development of the poor countries, –? The importance of independence of different countries cannot be ignored, –? Many doctrines of Charles Darwin have already been proved right, –? The sound of the boy dragging the brush annoyed me, –? Electronic Fund Transfer (EFT) in banking sectors has revolutionised money exchange policies, –? Adverse effects caused by smoking cannot be denied, –?

 If a clause consists of what, where, how, why, when, which, whose, whom, that, whatever, whoever, whichever, wherever, whenever, whosever, whomever as subject or object in a sentence, subject of the tag will be it/he/they.

That Nishat cut a brilliant figure in the HSC Exam is known to us all, –? In the morning daily why the lady goes out for at least one hour has made her family members perplexed, –? Everybody knows what he has done for us, –? Where you will meet your friend definitely can be an important issue, –? Who would be the next chairman of their department was not decided up to the interim exam, –? The boy unconsciously did what he was forbidden to do, –? What has been done cannot be undone, –? Whatever has been drawn by the beginners deserves fair evaluation, –? Whomever you nominate for the committee will be selected finally, –? Whose laptop supports this 3D game has definitely been invited to this competition, –? Which / Whose laptop supports this 3D game definitely uses Intel dual core 2 processor, –? Whom you know well is completely unknown to me, –? Who / Whom was awarded Nobel Prize last year has been invited to our party tonight, –? In the examination hall how Susana answers all the unknown and difficult questions is a great mystery to us, –? Whose car has got the permission to park here is not known to us, –? That scientists have landed on the moon need not have elucidation, –? In our country why people are not very active has been the core research theme of an NGO, –? Who has invented hydro-fuel kit for running car using water will be praised worldwide soon, –?

Exceptional tag question

  1. Allah/God only can help us, can’t He?
  2. Messi, isn’t he?
  3. Goodbye, don’t I?
  4. Thank you, don’t I?
  5. Who cares, do they?
  6. Happy birthday, don’t I?
  7. Good morning, don’t I?
  8. Sweety used to tell a lie, didn’t she?
  9. Mou, aren’t you?
  10. Sorry, ain’t I?
  11. What a fool, aren’t you?
  12. Good ones, aren’t they?
  13. What’s here, is it?
  14. What’s there, was it?
  15. Who’s over there, were they?
  16. Who, are they?
  17. What, is it?
  18. No money is allowed, is any?  
  19. No salt is allowed, is any?
  20. The visitor that he guided was not a man, was she?
  21. That he is honest is known to all, isn’t it?
  22. That the earth rounds the sun is universal, isn’t it?
  23. Two and two make four, don’t they?
  24. A boy like you should do this, shouldn’t he?
  25. The sooner, the better, isn’t it?
  26. Many a girl is here, isn’t she?
  27. What is lotted cannot be blotted, can it?
  28. All that glitters is not gold, is it?
  29. Waste not, want not, will you?
  30. Many men, many minds, isn’t it?
  31. All’s well that ends well, arent they?
  32. Harm hatch, harm catch, isn’t it?
  33. Give him an inch, and he will take an ell, won’t he?
  34. The more laws, the more offenders, isn’t it?
  35. Ill got ill spent, isn’t it?
  36. Tit for tat, isn’t it?
  37. Nero fiddles while Rome burns, doesn’t he? / isn’t it?
  38. Grasp all, lose all, isn’t it?
  39. No pains, no gains, is it?
  40. Patience is bitter, but its fruit is sweet, isn’t it?
  41. Many men, many minds, isn’t it?
  42. Might is right, isn’t it?
  43. Faults are thick where love is thin, aren’t they?
  44. Man proposes but God disposes, doesn’t He?
  45. God helps those who help themselves, doesn’t He?
  46. None is none under the sun, are they?
  47. None but he can do it, can he?
  48. Allah is second to none, isn’t He?
  49. The visitor was not a man, was she?
  50. Thanks for your presence, don’t I?
  51. Slow and steady wins the race, doesn’t it?
  52. He let me do it, didn’t he?
  53. She said, “Allah is one,”  didn’t she?
  54. Fish in the pond, will you/won’t you?
  55. No, I am here, aren’t I?
  56. What he says may be true, mayn’t it?
  57. One but all of tyhe members looked for him, didn’t they?
  58. But me no buts, will you/won’t you?
  59. Not only my parents but also I was there, wasn’t I?
  60. Who does not know this, don’t they?
  61. Look, he is coming, will you/won’t you?

Exercises

a) Being the pain-bearer, every mother in all countries and in all ages loves her child, —?

b) No sooner had the rocket landed on the moon than the three astronauts began to think themselves gainers, —?

c) According to the rule of nature, altering any of the environmental elements will change the whole atmosphere, —?

d) To do well in the examination and to get to the climax of success, one should be perseverant, —?

e) The wretched cannot deserve the due honour from society, —?

f) Nobody can escape death because it is the ultimate doom to everybody, —?

g) In this multinational company, each of the officials receives a handsome amount of money as remuneration, —?

h) No sooner had he seen the army than he ran away, —?

i) The lady speaks as though she knew everything, —?

j) This year in summer it’s hardly rained though it was essential for irrigation, —?

k) In the evening daily Jafor as well as Joni goes to market for recreation, —?

l) Our native pop singer Mukti with her parents, friends and fans was supposed to attend the seminar, —?

m) After returning from the party Simla became so much tired. That’s why feeling drowsy she hardly spent any time to go to bed, —?

n) Sunil need not attend the meeting now though he was invited, —?

o) The lady even at the eleventh hour has got the information about that top-secret nowhere else, _______?

p) Professor Bulbul didn’t ask any oral test instead of taking a final exam, and Jennie did not either, ______?

q) As it was raining heavily, Naina could scarcely go outside and post the letter to ask money from her father, ______?

r) Of course, I will come back soon. Just wait here for only ten minutes. You need to do nothing here, ______?

s) How will you do it? I can’t ponder over it anything. If you have a solution, never forget to have a phone call as soon as possible, ______?

t) If I were you, I would not do this, ______?

u) There is a very interesting match on television today. Let’s enjoy the match all together in no time just after having completed the work at our hands, ______?

v) Our National Football and Cricket Association dare not approve the drug-addicted players to join the team, ______?

w) In our country no other problem is as acute and irremediable as it, ______?

x) It is I who am your friend, _______?

y) Neither of these books is ready for sale, ______?

z) Rimi has few excuses for staying here like Nishi, _______?

Extra:

a) What is lotted cannot be blotted, _______?

b) Very few students are as meritorious as Nabil, _______?

c) In the morning daily you used to take a cup of coffee and have a morning walk by the lakeside, _______?

d) You, she and I talked with our course teacher yesterday, _______?

e) In the new introduced section of class eleven each boy and each girl is very active and studious, _______?

f) After getting promotion even on some rigid conditions none of the boys has got qualified marks in those subjects, ______?

g) Though cut off from the rest of the world, there lives a musician in this remote village, _______?

h) Just seeing the strange picture why the newcomer became puzzled and was in a fix even still today overwhelms each of the witnesses, ______?

i) It is many years since I came to Dhaka, _______?

j) As soon as the passenger got to the airport, the plane was about to take off, _______?

k) In fact, everything glorious and dignified is achieved through much effort, _______?

l) Few subjects are as easy as history, _______?

m) You, Shelley, Polly and Molly committed the crime, _______?

n) The man who won the first prize in the competition was hailed very warmly, _______?

o) After Shimi had studied a lot, she got A+ in the HSC Exam though she was an irregular student, _____?

p) No other island in the world is as large as Australia, _______?

q) Rafija, accompanied by her husband and three children, has left Dhaka today, _______?

r) The sound of the workers dragging the logs was nothing but rhythmic, _______?

s) Everyone who majors in architecture and fine arts studies History of Art 450, _______?

t) Her pen friend told her that he might visit Bangladesh in the winter season for which they were ready, _______?

u) Either Susan or Jennie is going to the party tonight, _______?

v) In the whole universe nothing is sweeter than money, _______?

w) Your class has not started yet, and neither has mine, _______?

x) All that glitters is not gold, _______?

y) Every member of this computer club makes a fresher understand everything, _______?

Extra:

01) The driver of the bus had the passengers get off abruptly and unexpectedly, –?

02) My dad will let me drive his car, –?

03) No other nation in the whole world is so corrupted as ours, –?

04) None could solve that critical problem, –?

05) The drivers are going to repair their cars before they go to Malagasy, –?

06) They had consulted with their lawyer about their decision, –?

07) Lila, Lima and Suma must have read this novel last night, –?

08) The immigration officers approved the appeal of the novices, –?

09) The history of Bangladesh is not less important than that of other countries, –?

10) Daisy has to read at least three books daily, –?

11) I cannot let you do this work, –?

12) Mummy would let me buy that new dress, –?

13) Most of the candidates have their names printed on the ballot in the countrywide election, –?

14) The National Football and Cricket Association of that country dared not approve the drug-addicted players to join the team, –?

15) Most doctors agree that the fluid around the spinal cord helps nourish the brain, –?

16) Jinni said that she would help them to find the new place, –?

17) At first when I was learning to drive, my father did not let me use his car, –?

18) He must have measured everything, –?

19) Excessive water makes plants turning brown on the edges of their leaves, –?

20) I want to get the house reconstructed before summer, –?

21) Nobody thinks that they can get Suzanne to take them all to Toronto, –?

22) Marry had a friend type all of her papers, –?

23) His mother lets her cook in a solar pond, –?

24) The pen is mightier than the sword, –?

25) Her father rebuked her extremely, –?

26) There have been significant changes in the types of entertainment over time, –?

27) Folk music or palligeeti is now sung with western instruments, –?

28) People living near riverbanks have to bear the brunt of the erosion, –?

29) The government has taken up a scheme to protect some of the areas from the greedy clutches of the River Meghna, –?

30) For men, their traditional dress consists of a long robe and a piece of cloth covering the head, –?

31) The men in India wear heavy and expensive achkan suits on formal occasions, –?

32) When it is really hot, it is usual to take off the jacket, –?

33) British eating habits are very different now from thirty years ago, –?

34) In Britain most people use knives and forks for eating, –?

35) But in fact it comes from Britain, –?

36) The traditional breakfast accompanied by toast with butter, jam and marmalade, –?

37) On other days, the main cooked meal is usually in the evening, –?

38) American society is geared to the three-meal system, –?

39) All these make driving in Bangladesh a nightmare experience, –?

40) The whole country has fairly good communication network now, –?

Passage Type / Dialogue Form Tag:

1. Rishad as well as Bashir is going to visit the Fantasy Kingdom today, ________?

Many of their neighbours are also going there. But nobody can start journey unless it stops raining, _______?

The spot is quite far from here. The journey will take not less than one hour, ________?

It’s hardly possible to go there today, ________?

So, next day how they will arrange everything has been a critical question for them, ________?

2. : Congratulations, Shila. Nobody has made such an excellent result from this college like you, (a) _______?

: Thanks. But my parents and teachers also deserve the credit, (b) _______?

: You’re right. We ought to remain grateful to them, (c) _______?

: Certainly. You wasted away your valuable time a little, (d) _______?

: Yes. Proper study brings good results. None can cut a brilliant figure in the exam without studying properly, (e) _______?

3. : Hi Shamim, why are you staying here alongside the road?

: Actually Sujon is supposed to come here and I am waiting for him, (a) ________?

: Sujon? I also have come to meet him, (b) _______?

: Has he told you about anything?

: No. He just told me to meet him here. Nothing has been told more than that, (c) _______?

: So far as I know, he wants to go to the fair, (d) _______?

: Really? Oh, here’s Sujon coming. Lets discuss this with him, (e) _______?

4. : Do you know anything about computer?

: Of course, it is fairly a recent invention, (a) _______?

: In which sector computer does not play a vital role is a big question for the present time, (b) _____?

: Really, there exist very few spheres of our life which are not influenced by computer, (c) _______?

: Once abacus was the first step to computer. In that sense, every device that helps people to perform mathematical calculation can be called computer, (d) _______?

: But now its working spheres have spread and changed a lot. Daily it’s changing. Let’s hope for the next revolutionary change, (e) _______?

5. : Gradually my hair is getting grey. I don’t like grey hair. I as well as my elder brother am fond of black hair, (a) _______?

: I’m also like you. But my younger sister likes black hair a little, (b) _______?

Actually she likes grey hair and so she very often bleaches her hair, (c) _______? But I dye my hair after every two months to look them black.

: Dying or bleaching is very harmful for hair, (d) _______?

You can use natural dying instead of chemical ones, (e) _______?

6. : Nusrat, have you read Lalshalu?

: Yes, I have. No other Bengali novel has exposed the so-called social backward and prejudiced pictures as acutely as this, (a) ________?

: Youre right. Neither bigotry nor prejudice was ignored in this novel, (b) _______?

: In fact, how skilfully the novelist delineated all those social pictures stills puzzles everybody, (c) _______?

: Oh! Nishat, youve come. We were talking about Lalshalu. Definitely you’ve to read it.

: I scarcely miss reading this type of book, (d) _______?

I read it five years ago, (e) _______?

7. : Reshma, are you going to join the picnic?

: Yes, of course. I along with my elder sister am going, (a) _______?

: But nobody will help you there, (b) _______?

Nothing important is available there, (c) _______?

Despite these obstacles, how you venture to go there really astounds me, (d) _______?

: No problem. Near the picnic spot, there lives my brother-in-law, (e) _______? He has ensured everything.

Answer

1. aren’t they? can they? will it? is it? hasnt it?

2. (a) have they? (b) don’t they? (c) oughtn’t we? (d) did you? (e) can they?

3. (a) aren’t I? (b) haven’t I? (c) has it? (d) doesn’t he? (e) shall we?

4. (a) isn’t it? (b) isnt it? (c) do there? (d) cant they? (e) shall we?

5. (a) aren’t we? (b) does she? (c) doesn’t she? (d) aren’t they? (e) can’t you?

6. (a) have they? (b) were they? (c) doesn’t it? (d) do i? (e) didn’t I?

7. (a) aren’t we? (b) will they? (c) is it? (d) doesnt it? (e) doesn’t there?

Exercise-1

(a) Most of the students who fail in English don’t have strong foundation over grammar, —–?
(b) They read only to pass the examination, —-?
(c) Teachers should motivate them to learn the basic thing, —-?
(d) They can’t help learning grammar, —-?
(e) Moreover, practice is essential too, —-?

Answer: (a) do they? (b) don’t they? (c) shouldn’t they? (d) can they? (e) isn’t it?

Exercise-2
(a) Nobody believes a cheat, —-?
(b) Everybody hates him, —-?
(c) He has to drag a miserable life, —-?
(d) He can hardly succeed in life, —-?
(e) Let us always speak the truth, —-?

Answer: (a) do they? (b) don’t they? (c) hasn’t he? (d) can he? (e) shall we?

Exercise-3
(a) I am Rajib, a boy of class 10, —-?
(b) I am reading in science group. I aim to be a doctor, —-?
(c) But my parents want that I shall be an army officer, —-?
(d) I have to work hard for whatever I want to be. Because success in life depends on hard work, —-?
(e) Parents always advise me to work hard, —-?

Answer: (a) aren’t I? (b) don’t I? (c) shan’t I? (d) doesn’t it? (e) don’t they?

Exercise-4
(a) I am sorry, Ramit. I am very late, —-?
(b) There was a traffic jam, —-?
(c) Oh! Don’t worry. The train is late, —-?
(d) Then, have a cup of tea, —-?
(e) Yes. Let’s go to the canteen, —-?

Answer: (a) aren’t I? (b) wasn’t there? (c) isn’t it? (d) will you? (e) shall we?

Exercise-5
(a) I am doing a very important work. Don’t disturb me, —-?
(b) Rupa said to Mina, ‘How happy you are in a nuclear family!’—-?

(c) Cousin lives in a village. He hardly comes here, —-?

(d) I study in a reputed school. I am a student, —-?
(e) Don’t make late. Let’s go, —-?

Answer: (a) will you? (b) aren’t you? (c) does he? (d) aren’t I? (e) shall we?

Exercise-6
(a) Mina is having a birthday party in the afternoon, —-?
(b) Yes, she is. She’s been busy in cleaning and dusting the drawing room, —-?
(c) Yesterday her father brought her a lovely dress, —-?
(d) And her mother wants to give her a pleasant surprise, —-?
(e) Certainly, let’s buy a nice gift for you, —-?

Answer: (a) isn’t she? (b) hasn’t she? (c) didn’t he? (d) doesn’t she? (e) shall we?


Exercise-13
(a) The wind blows gently in the spring, —-?
(b) Let them do the work, —-?
(c) H
ow nice the flowers are, —-?

(d) Everything looks beautiful in a moonlit night, —-?

(e) Work hard to succeed, —-?

Answer: (a) doesn’t it? (b) will you? (c) aren’t they? (d) doesn’t it? (e) will you?

Exercise-14
(a) Your letter gave me much pleasure, —-?
(b) I am glad to inform you about our sports day, —-?
(c) We decorated the school campus colourfully, —-?
(d) Among the events, sack race and three leg race were interesting, —-?
(e) None could resist laughter watching these events, —-?

Answer: (a) didn’t it? (b) aren’t I? (c) didn’t we? (d) weren’t they? (e) could they?

Exercise-15

(a) We see that Masum has little knowledge about games and sports, —-?
(b) Let’s talk to him, —-?
(c) We think, he doesn’t know how to play tennis, —-?
(d) Everybody praises an all rounder, —-?
(e) Though he is a good student, he is lazy, —-?

Answer: (a) has he? (b) shall we? (c) does he?  (d) don’t they?  (e) isn’t he?

Exercise-16
(a) Telling lies is a great sin, —-?
(b) One lie begets hundred lies, —-?
(c) None believes a liar, —-?
(d) He has to lead a miserable life, —-?
(e) So all of us ought to refrain from telling lies, —-?

Answer: (a) isn’t it? (b) doesn’t it? (c) do they? (d) hasn’t he? (e) oughtn’t we?

  1. Dhaka Board-2020

(a) Let’s have a walk outside the farm, —?

(b) I am in the habit of walking every morning, —?  

(c) Morning entertains us with fresh air, —?

(d) No one should miss the opportunity, —?

(e) Have a try to form this habit of morning walk, —?

  1. Mymensingh Board-2020

(a) Nothing is more pleasant than the memories of childhood, —?

(b) We hardly forget the golden past, —?

(c) The memories of my childhood still attract me. —?

(d) Simple things are at the centre of attraction for a child, —?

(e) When a man grows up, he may laugh at those things, —?

  1. Rajshahi Board-2020

(a) Everybody respects freedom fighters, — ?

(b) They fought for the independence of our country, —?

(c)Their sacrifice has given us freedom in every sphere of life, —?

(d) Their names are written in golden letters, —?

(e) We should never forget them, —?

  1. Cumilla Board-2020

(a) The freedom fighters are the real heroes, —?

(b) Nothing is greater than their sacrifice, —?

(c) Their contribution for our country will always be remembered, —?

(d) We should never neglect them, —?

(e) Every citizen of Bangladesh must have due respect for them, —?

  1. Chattogram Board-2020

(a) None of us can solve this problem, —?

(b) There is little water in the glass, —?

(c) One cannot deny this proposal, —?

(d) You need to see a doctor, —?

(e) Nothing was said, —?

  1. Sylhet Board 2020

(a) Everyone is nostalgic in life, —?

(b) We hardly forget the golden past, —?

(c) The memories of childhood are always haunting us, —?

(d) The sweetest memory of childhood is colourful, —?

(e) Who forgets these memories, —?

  1. Barishal Board-2020

(a) Optimism is a great quality, —?

(b) Everybody believes this truth, —?

(c) But all can’t be optimistic, —?

(d) None but the optimists are accepted by all, —?

(e) So, we all should be optimistic about life, —?

  1. Dhaka Board 2019

(a) I am an SSC examinee, —?

(b) My expectation is getting A+,—?

(c) Some of my classmates became addicted to using mobile phones, —?

(d) They could not pass the test exam, —?

(e) Everybody hates them for this reason, —?

  1. Chattogram Board 2019

(a) Fishes can swim, —?

(b) Once our rivers abounded with fishes, —?

(c) But at present the water of most of the rivers has been polluted,—?

(d) So, there is scarcity of fish, —?

(e) We must take measures to protect the rivers from being polluted, —?

  1. Rajshahi Board 2019

(a) Cutting trees is not good for us, —?

(b) Because trees supply us oxygen, fruits and wood, —?

(c) We can hardly live without them, —?

(d) They are our best friends, — ?

(e) Let’s plant trees more and more, —?

  1. Barishal Board 2019

(a) To tell a lie is a great sin. Sinners suffer in the long run, —?

(b) Flowers are the symbol of beauty and purity. Nobody dislikes flowers, —?

(c) I want to meet her. She hardly comes here, —?

(d) Vitamins are essential for our health. So, we must eat vegetables to get vitamins, —?

(e) Truthfulness is a great virtue. So, don’t tell a lie, —?

  1. Sylhet Board 2019

(a) Telling lies is a great sin,—?

(b) One lie begets hundred lies,—?

(c) None believes a liar,—?

(a) He has to lead a miserable life,—?

(e) So, all of us ought to refrain from telling lies,—?

  1. Dinajpur Board 2019

(a) Our examination is over. Everybody is free now, —?

(b) He along with his friends will pay a visit to Sylhet,—?

(c) But Aslam has little interest about it, —?  

(d) He as well as his parents visited Sylhet last year, —?  

(e) As they visited many interesting places, they could enjoy a lot, —?

  1. Cumilla Board—2019

(a) Sincerity is a great virtue. A sincere man always succeeds in life, —?

(b) The people who are insincere can hardly succeed, —?

(c) Nobody is as successful as a sincere man, —?

(d) Every student should be sincere to shine in life, —?

(e) Let’s be sincere in our life, —?

  1. Jashore Board-2019

(a) You had better drink cold water, —?

(b) The father rose in him at this sight, —?

(c) Thank you very much, —?

(d) He as well as his brother comes here, —?

(e) Let us go home,—?

  1. All Boards 2018

(a) At present, everybody likes cricket,-?

(b) Students hardly miss watching this game, -?

(c) Nothing is more enjoyable to them than cricket…..?

(d) How exciting the game is……?

(e) Let’s play this game,–?

  1. Rajshahi Board 2017

(a) Patriotism is a great virtue, —?

(b) Every religion teaches us to be patriots, —?

(c) We all must remember that the country is above everything, —?

(d) Why some people forget it is really a question, —?

(e) We hope that nobody will derail from the right path, —?

  1. Dhaka Board 2017

(a) Telling lies is a great sin, — ?

(b) One lie begets hundred lies, — ?

(c) Man hardly believes a lair, — ?

(d) A liar has to lead a miserable life, — ?

(e) So, all of us ought to refrain from telling lies,– ?

  1. Dinajpur Board 2017

(a) Time and tide wait for none, —?

(b) Unfortunately, many of us waste our time, —?

(c) None can prosper in life without utilizing time properly, —?

(d) So, everybody should realize this truth, —?

(e) Let’s make the best use of time, —?

  1. Cumilla Board 2017

(a) Most of students who fail in English do not have strong foundation on grammar, —?

(b) No, they read only to pass the examination, —?

(c) Yes, teacher should motivate them to learn the basic thing, —?

(d) Yes, they cannot help learning grammar, —?

(e) No, moreover, practice is essential too, —?

  1. Chittangong Board 2017

(a) Fishes can swim, —?

(b) Once our rivers abounded with fishes, —?

(c) But at present the water of most of the rivers has been polluted, —?

(d) So, there is scarcity of fish, —?

(e) We must take measures to protect the rivers from being polluted, —?

  1. Sylhet Board 2017

(a) Mina is having a birthday party in the afternoon,—?

Yes, she’s been busy cleaning and dusting the drawing room, —?

(c) Yesterday her father bought her a lovely dress, —?

(d) And, her mother wants to give her a pleasant surprise, —?

(e) Let’s buy a nice gift for her, —?

  1. Barishal Board-2017

(a) Man is the best creature of God, —?

(b) But sometimes the beast in us comes out, —?

(c) Some of us are known as good persons in the society, —?

(d) Those who are involved to do harm to others should avoid it, —?

(e) Let’s make a peaceful and happy society, —?

  1. Jashore Board 2017

(a) The freedom fighters are the real heroes, —?  

(b) Nothing is greater than their sacrifice, —?

(c) Their contribution for our country will always be remembered,—?

(d) We should never neglect them, —?

(e) Every citizen of Bangladesh must have due respect for them, —?

  1. Dhaka Board-2015

(a) Most of the students who fail in English don’t have strong foundation over grammar, —?

(b) They read only to pass the examination, —?

(c) Teachers should motivate them to learn the basic thing, —?

(d) They can’t help learning grammar, —?

(e) Moreover, practice is essential too, —?

  1. Chittagong Board-2015

(a) Mina is having a birthday party in the afternoon, —?

(b) Yes, she is. She’s been busy in cleaning and dusting the drawing room, —?

(c) Yesterday her father brought her a lovely dress, —?

(d) And her mother wants to give her a pleasant surprise, —?

(e) Certainly, let’s buy a nice gift for you, —- ?

  1. Rajshahi Board-2015

(a) Nobody believes a cheat, —?

(b) Everybody hates him, —?

(c) He has to drag a miserable life, —?

(d) He can hardly succeed in life, —?

(e) Let us always speak the truth, —?

  1. Barisal Board-2015

(a) Nuclear has some advantage, —?

(b) There are only a few family members, —?

(c) It is calm and quiet, —?

(d) So, one can have peace and happiness in a nuclear family, —?

(e) One need not think of others, —?

  1. Sylhet Board-2015

(a) Everyone is nostalgic in life, —-?

(b) We hardly forget the golden past, —-?

(c) The memories of childhood are always haunting us, —-?

(d) Nothing is more pleasant to man than the sweetest memories of childhood, —-?

(e) Therefore, let’s practice it, —-?

  1. (a) Money is a must for our life, —?

(b) One can do almost nothing without it, —?

(c) But money can hardly bring happiness, —?

(d) What you need most to be happy is contentment, —?

(e) That’s why few people lead a happy life, —?

  1. (a) The Idle can do nothing for the society, —?

(b) One certainly knows it, —?  

(c) Idleness spoils the latent potentialities in a man, —?

(d) Nothing is so great a slur than to be idle, —?

(e) So, you as well as the other students of your class should be industrious, —?

  1. (a) Hello, Lima. Father’s birthday is the next month, —?

(b) Yes, Lili, Only two days are left, —?

(c) We will buy some nice gifts this, —?

(d) Of course, Let’s go to a watch shop, —?

(e) What a nice idea, —?

  1. (a)The young hardly practise good manners, —?

(b) But nobody likes an ill-mannered student, —?

(c) Everybody praises a well-mannered student, —?

(d) We seldom teach our young learners manner, —?

(e) “Courtesy costs nothing but pays more. It is all. We should know the maxim, —?

  1. (a) Everybody likes better life, —?

(b) Prosperity seldom comes unwanted, —?

(c) Those who daren’t take risk can’t prosper, —?

(d) Let’s work hard and prosper, —?

(e) Life is not a bed of roses, —?

  1. (a) Life is full of troubles and difficulties, —?

(b)They have to be overcome if we are to succeed in life, —?

(c) So, we should face them with courage, —?

(d) We may fall at first, —?

(e) But we must not loose heart, —?

  1. (a) We all should love our country, —?

(b) The persons who love their country are called patriots, —?

(c) Look at the lives of the patriots, —?

(d) Nobody hates them, —?

(e) Let’s become patriot, —?

  1. (a) You surely plan to fail if you fail to plan, —?

(b) A good plan scarcely lets you fail, —?

(c) Great people could do nothing without a plan of action, —?

(d) Fortune also dare not fail well planned effort, —?

(e) So, plan before you proceed, —?

  1. (a) To tell a lie is a great sin, —?

(b) Nobody believes a liar, —?

(c) Everybody hates him, —?

(d) He can never gain the favour of Allah, —?

(e) He hardly succeeds in life, —?

  1. (a)There are six seasons in Bangladesh, —?

(b)Each season has its own features, —?

(c)We hear new sound in each season, —?

(d)Everything changes, —?

(e)People also feel different weather in each season, —?

  1. (a)Not all men joined the party, —?

(b)Some went to the field and some came here, —?

(c)The party ended without any success, —?

(d)The secretary and the chairman of the party remained sitting, —?

(e)One but all of the members looked for me, —?

  1. (a)Nothing is impossible, —-?

(b)I think everybody knows it, —?

(c)The idle always lag behind, —?

(d) Let’s motivate them, —?

(e)Motivation seldom goes in vain, —?

  1. (a)Everybody respects freedom fighters, —?

(b)They fought for the independence of our country, —?

(c) Their sacrifice has given us freedom in every sphere of life, —?

(d)Their names are written in golden letters, —?

(e)We should never forget them, —?

  1. (a)Health is wealth, —-?

(b)A sick rich man is not happier than a healthy poor man, —?

(c)An unhealthy man cannot prosper in life, —?

(d)Nobody pays him due respect, —?

(e)We must take care of our health, —?

  1. (a)Trees are our best friends, —?

(b)They help us in many ways, —?

(c)But many men do not realise the importance of trees, —?

(d) The country will change into a desert without trees, —?

(e)So, we should plant more trees, —?

  1. (a)Life is very uncertain on earth, —?

(b)Nobody knows when death comes, —?

(c)But we hardly realize this truth, —?

(d)Our deeds and actions show probably we will never depart, —?

(e)We must do the well-being of mankind, —?

  1. (a)Everybody wants to lead a better life, —?

(b) A better life seldom comes without hard work, —?

(c)But most of us can hardly work hard, —?

Advertisement

about:blank

(d)Actually, life is not a bed of roses, —?

  1. (a) What a brilliant result you have made, —?

(b)We feel proud of you, —?

(c) Thanks Amir. All credits go to my parents and teachers, —?

(d)I am very grateful to them, —?

(e) Right you are. We ought to remain ever grateful to them, —?

  1. (a) Spring is one the most charming seasons, —?

(b) Various kinds of flowers bloom in this season, —?

(c) There is hardly any person who does not like flower, —?

(d) Bee goes from flower to flower to collect honey, —?

(e) We all become very happy enjoying the beauty presented by the season, —?

  1. (a) Nobody trusts a liar, —?

(b) A liar has to lead a miserable life, —?

(c) Speaking the truth is a good exercise, —?

(d) Everybody should have the habit of speaking the truth, —?

(e) Let us always speak the truth, —?

  1. (a)Many students do not have a strong foundation of grammar, —?

(b)They think that knowing the rules of grammar is not important, —?

(c)They can express themselves but with some mistakes, —?

(d)Rules of grammar bind the language in a set frame, —?

(e)So, all of us should know the basic grammatical rules, —?

  1. (a) The importance of computer can hardly be described, —?

(b)At present, everyone needs it, —?

(c)We all should learn it as it is important, —?

(d) The most complicated tasks can be done with the help of computer, —?

(e)The advantages we are getting from a computer are simply miraculous, —?

  1. (a) It is an enjoyable evening, —?

(b)Yes it is. Let’s go out for a walk, —?

(c)That’s a nice idea. We can enjoy a walk outside, —?

(d) The air is also cool and soothing, —?

(e) Right. And the queen moon is also shining brightly in the sky, —?

  1. (a) Let us have a walk in the open field, —?

(b) I am in the habit of walking every morning, —?

(c) Morning walk is good for health, —?

(d) Nobody should miss this opportunity, —?

(e) Try to form the habit of morning walk, —?

  1. : Success cannot be achieved without efforts, (a) —?

Of course not.

In fact, everything glorious is achieved through much efforts, (b) —?

That’s right. We could not achieve our independence if we did not struggle for it, (c) —?

Surely not. Everyone of us should try hard to gain success, (d) —?

Of course. It won’t descend on us automatically, (e) —?

  1. (a)Everyone wants friends, —?

(b)Having a true friend is difficult, —?

(c) A true friend can hardly escape us, —?

(d)A good book may be a good friend, —?

(e)None of us can live without friends, —?

  1. (a) It is the idle who hardly think of hard labour, —?

(b) I think everybody knows it, —?

(c) The idle always lag behind, —?

(d) Let’s motivate them, —?

(e) Motivation seldom goes in vain, —?

  1. (a) The beauty of a moonlit night cannot be described in words, —?

(b) It is very charming, —?

(c) It dazzles our eyes, —?

(d) Everybody enjoys a moonlit night, —?

(e)Even little insects fly here and there, —?

  1. (a)Reading books is a good habit, —?

(b) Everybody knows that books are our best friends, —?

(c)Our knowledge increases when we read books, —?

(d) We can hardly gather knowledge without reading books, —?

(e)What we need is to read good books, —?

  1. (a)Manners make man. But what about our young generation?They hardly practise go manner, —?

(b)But nobody likes an ill-mannered student, —?

(c) Everybody praises a well-mannered person, —?

(d)We had better teach our young learners manners, —?

(e)”Courtesy costs nothing” – all should know the maxim, —?

  1. (a)We notice some remarkable changes in the food habits of our country, —?

(b)You are right. Urban people have greatly changed their food habits, —?

(c)Our young people are habituated to some fast food like pizzas, burgers, etc., —?

(d)Certainly. Fast food can be eaten or carried away quickly, —?

(e) Nowadays our aged persons are no more dependent on our traditional food only, —?

  1. (a) Few people know about true friendship, —?

(b)Trust begets friendship, —?

(c)There is hardly man who has no friend, —?

(d) Everyone loves to be loved by his friends, —?

(e)Let’s culture true friendship among us, —?

  1. (a) Hello, Rita. You are going to the library,—?

(b) Yes, I am going to return these books, —?

(c) You can be called a bookworm, I am fond of reading, —?

(d) You do not like anything more than books, —?

(e) That’s right. Books are the living spirits of great, —?