1. Early Marriage

2. Adolescence

3. Drug Addiction

4. The Life of an Orphan Boy

5. Importance of Education

6. An Educated Person, a Light of Warrior

7. My Favourite Personality

8. Use and Abuse of Facebook

9. Food Adulteration

10. My Dream

11. Human Relationship

12. Information Technology

13. Eve-Teasing

14. Child-Labour in Bangladesh

15. Self-employment

16. Women’s Contribution to Society

17. Gender Disparity/ Discrimination

18. Microcredit Finance

19. Globalization

20. Social Value

21. Female Education

22. A Street Child/ Tokai

23. Basic Human Rights

24. Price hike / Price Spiral

25. Dowry System

26. Greenhouse Effect

27. Earthquake

28. Role of Media

29. My Homeland

30. Social Network Services

31. Digital Bangladesh

32. Different Forms of Entertainment

33. The Most Important Pursuit of Life–Money or Happiness?

34. Uses and Abuses of Satellite Channels

35. Uses and Abuses of Internet

36. Modern Technology

37. Apartheid

38. Impact on Facebook/Social Media on Young Generation

39. Importance of Technology in Education

40. Civic Engagement

41. Human Rights

42. Myths and Literature

43. Dream

44. Adolescence

45. Bullying

46. Gen Z and the July Uprising

47. Pros and Cons of Artificial Intelligence

48. Causes and Effects of Juvenile Delinquency

49. School Life and College Life

50. Artificial Intelligence

51. The July Revolution

52. The 3 Zero Theory

53. Muhammad Yunus and Grameen Bank

54. Gen Z

1. Early Marriage

Early marriage, also known as child marriage, refers to the union of two individuals where at least one of the parties is below the age of 18. This practice is more common in some cultures and regions, often due to a combination of economic, social, and cultural factors. Early marriage is a significant issue in Bangladesh, affecting many young girls’ lives. In many rural areas, families marry off their daughters before they turn 18, often due to poverty, social pressure, and cultural traditions. Parents believe that marrying their daughters early can ensure their financial security and protect their honor. However, early marriage has many negative consequences. Early marriage usually affects girls more than boys and can have serious implications for their health, education, and overall well-being. These young brides often face challenges such as dropping out of school, experiencing health risks from early pregnancies, and being more vulnerable to domestic violence. Early marriage deprives children of their childhood and the opportunity to grow and develop fully before taking on adult responsibilities. The government of Bangladesh has laws against child marriage, but enforcing these laws is challenging due to deep-rooted customs and lack of awareness. Many organizations are working to raise awareness about the harmful effects of early marriage and promote education for girls. By addressing the root causes and empowering communities, it is possible to reduce the incidence of early marriage and improve the lives of many young girls in Bangladesh.

2. Adolescence

Adolescence is the transitional period between childhood and adulthood, typically occurring between the ages of 10 and 19. It is marked by significant physical, emotional, and psychological changes as individuals develop from children into mature adults. During this time, adolescents experience rapid growth and development, including puberty, which brings about changes in their bodies. Emotionally and psychologically, they start to form their own identities, develop more complex thinking skills, and seek greater independence from their parents. Teenagers begin to form stronger relationships with peers, explore romantic relationships, and navigate the complexities of social norms and expectations. Education, family support, and access to healthcare and information are vital during adolescence to ensure that young people can make informed decisions and successfully transition into adulthood. Education is crucial during these years, but many teenagers drop out of school due to financial pressures, early marriage, or the need to work and support their families. Health is another critical area, as adolescents need proper nutrition and information about reproductive health. Socially, adolescents in Bangladesh often struggle with balancing traditional expectations and modern influences. Boys may feel pressure to become earners early, while girls face the risk of early marriage and limited freedom. Despite these challenges, there are positive changes as well. More programs and initiatives are being introduced to support adolescents, focusing on education, skill development, and health awareness. Organizations and the government are working together to create better opportunities for young people. By addressing these challenges and providing support, Bangladesh can help its adolescents grow into healthy, educated, and empowered adults. to solve the problems. Besides, we all should be aware of this.

3. Drug Addiction

Drug addiction refers to such state of not being able to stop taking illegal harmful substances like heroin, opium, marijuana, morphine, cocaine, phensidyl etc. that people take through smoking, inhaling or injection. It being a brain disease leads to changes in the structure and function of the brain. It can lead to a range of both short-term and long-term mental and physical health problems. Unemployment problem, environmental factors, political unrest, family feud, lack of love and affection lead a man to frustration which is the main cause of drug addiction. It destroys us morally, physically and financially. Dependence on drugs can create a number of dangerous and damaging complications. People who are addicted to a drug are more likely to get an infectious disease, such as HIV, either through unsafe sex or by sharing needles.  Young people involved in crimes to get money for taking drugs. Behavioral changes may cause marital or family conflict and custody issues. It can also cause declining performance at work, absenteeism and eventual loss of employment. The best way to prevent an addiction to a drug is not to take the drug at all. Drug-addicts must be treated with love and kindness. A strong, stable bond between you and your child will reduce your child’s risk of using or misusing drugs. The society should take strong measures to control the dishonest businessmen and drug-traffickers. The highest punishment of dealing in or smuggling drugs is death in Bangladesh. There are laws of drug-control all over the world, yet drug-addiction is increasing gradually. What is needed an anti-drugs consciousness among the youth of the different countries.

4. The Life of an Orphan Boy

An orphan boy is a child who has lost one or both of his parents due to various reasons such as illness, accidents, or other circumstances. Being an orphan means that the boy does not have the parental care and support that other children typically receive. The life of an orphan boy is often filled with many challenges and hardships. Without parents to guide and support him, he usually lives in an orphanage or with relatives. In an orphanage, he might get his basic needs met, like food, shelter, and education, but it can still be a difficult place to grow up. Despite these challenges, many orphan boys show incredible strength and resilience. They often learn to be independent and responsible at a young age, taking care of themselves and sometimes even younger siblings. Education becomes a crucial lifeline, offering a way out of their difficult circumstances. Going to school provides not only knowledge but also a sense of normalcy and hope for a better future. Friendships formed at school can be a source of comfort and support. Support from kind people, community programs, and organizations can make a big difference in an orphan boy’s life. Donations, mentorship, and emotional support help him feel less alone and more hopeful. Stories of successful individuals who were once orphans inspire him to dream big and work hard. With determination and the right opportunities, many orphan boys grow up to lead successful and fulfilling lives. They prove that even though their start in life was tough, they can overcome obstacles and achieve great things. The journey is not easy, but their resilience and courage often shine through, showing the world their remarkable inner strengthened in the public.

5. Importance of Education

Education refers to the process of acquiring knowledge, skills, values, and understanding through various forms of learning. It aims to bring about positive changes in our behavior. It helps us try to change our lives as well as the society we live in. It is one of the most important foundations of human life. Through education, individuals learn to think critically, make wise decisions, and understand the world around them. It opens doors to better job opportunities and helps people improve their standard of living. Education is also essential for the progress of a nation, as educated citizens can contribute to economic growth, innovation, and social development. Moreover, it promotes moral values such as honesty, respect, and tolerance, which are necessary for a peaceful society. An educated person can distinguish between right and wrong and work for the welfare of others. Education also encourages equality by giving everyone, regardless of gender or background, the chance to succeed. For students, education develops creativity, confidence, and communication skills that prepare them for real-life challenges. It not only focuses on reading and writing but also helps build awareness about important issues like health, environment, and citizenship. Without education, people remain unaware and dependent on others, while education gives them the power to shape their own future. In today’s fast-changing world, education is more important than ever for achieving personal success and national progress. It is the key to reducing poverty, promoting peace, and building a better, more just society. Therefore, everyone should value education and make every effort to learn and grow throughout life.

6. An Educated Person, a Light of Warrior

An educated person is like a warrior armed with knowledge and skills to navigate life’s challenges and make a positive impact. Education empowers individuals to think critically, solve problems effectively, and communicate ideas clearly. It opens doors to opportunities for personal growth and professional success. An educated person is not just knowledgeable in academic subjects like math or science; they also understand the world around them, appreciate different cultures, and respect diverse perspectives. Education equips individuals with the tools to make informed decisions about their health, finances, and relationships. It instills values such as honesty, empathy, and perseverance, shaping them into responsible citizens who contribute meaningfully to their communities. Moreover, education fosters a lifelong curiosity and thirst for learning, encouraging continuous self-improvement and adaptation to a changing world. Like a warrior who trains tirelessly for battle, an educated person prepares themselves to face life’s challenges with resilience and determination. They inspire others with their wisdom and inspire change through their actions, making a positive difference wherever they go. Therefore, investing in education not only benefits individuals but also strengthens societies by nurturing a capable and enlightened citizenry ready to tackle the complexities of the modern world.

7. My Favourite Personality

My best personality of the world, Hazrat Muhammad (S.M), is the last prophet of Allah and the leader of all prophets. He is the greatest of man and teachers ever born of earths. He is the embodiment of all that is noble, pure and good. The prophet Hazrat Muhammad (s.m) was born in the famous Quraish tribe of Mecca in 570 A.D. Before his birth, his father Abdullah died and his mother Amina died when he was only six. So in his infancy he became an orphan who was brought up by a nurse named Halima. He was handsome, of medium height, very active, walked rapidly which forced his companions to race to keep up with him. People reported seeing light around his body and in his face, which they compared to the sun or the full moon. His skin was white and turned rosy from exposure to the sun. He had black eyes and a thick beard. Everybody believed him and called Al-Amen or the trusty one. The prophet taught the people the virtue of forgiveness. He advised them to do well to others and worship Allah. The Qur’an was revealed to him by Allah and the Hadith which contains his sayings taught the Muslims many noble virtues. He always thought about the evils of Arab life which was dirty and barbering killing, robbery, injustice and barbarism prevailed everywhere in Arab. This great and noble soul passed away in 632 A.D. at the age of 63. But his work and teachings remain and will be followed as long as the world lasts. He made Muslims brothers of one another, built a great nation and powerful state. At present one fifth of the people of the world are the followers of this great and noble prophet.

Or, My Favourite Person

A person or thing regarded with peculiar favor; one treated with partiality; one preferred above others; especially, one unduly loved, trusted, and enriched with favors by a person of high rank or authority.  I have a favourite person who is Mr. X, is highly qualified and has done double M.A. He who is a teacher is adjudged as good or bad according to the temperament of the students. He has some basic qualities that will inspire the pupils to pay their attention towards him. He knows the art of teaching. He is the master of his subject. He makes his lessons interesting. His method of teaching is convincing and inspiring. He treats his students like his own children. He praises the good work done by them. If a student does some mistake, he is not very harsh to him. He tactfully makes his student realise his mistake. He is never angry with his students. He believes in simple living and high thinking. He has a high moral character. He is sincere in teaching and is hard working. He does not allow us to be lazy. He makes a simple living but his thinking is great. He influences our young minds with his fatherly care. He does not encourage the students to flee the time carelessly in idle chat, in idle thought rather he encourages us to be perseverant. He is a true friend and a sincere guide to the students. The skill in teaching will make him a lovable teacher for us in the school. His picture is so deeply entranced in my heart that I think no matter where ever I go I will never forget him and neither will ever get another teacher like him. That’s why he is so much favourite to me.

8. Use and Abuse of Facebook

Facebook is a popular free social networking website that allows registered users to create profiles, upload photos and video, send messages and keep in touch with friends, family and colleagues. It was created by Mark Zuckerberg in February of 2004. This exclusive site, which is available in 37 different languages, includes public features. Facebook makes it possible to connect people sharing interests and activities across the borders and thus have made a lot for the users to feel that they really live in a global village. It is expanding so fast as one can make use of them paying very little. One can make personal profile public before the entire online community. It is like presenting oneself before the entire world. One can also look into other people’s profile simply and easily if one is interested. It allows users to upload pictures, multimedia contents and to update their profiles. User profiles have a section dedicated to comments from friends and other users. Finally, there are privacy protection measures too. A user himself or herself decides over the number of viewers, and what information should be shared with others. He can block specific connections or keep all his communications private. But this great blessing of modern science has some demerits too. Many young boys and girls become addicted to it and give more time on it than studies. Few senseless people post nude pictures which influence the tender mind of youngsters. A long term bad effects can be seen in those adolescents. Besides, many girls and ladies committed suicide because their enemy posted their privet photos or videos. Despite these few bad sites of Facebook book, it has great importance for the communication of modern people.

9. Food Adulteration

Food adulteration is the act of deliberately adding something to the food, intentionally debasing the quality of the food offered for sale either by the admixture or substitution of inferior substances or by the removal of some valuable ingredient. Unsafe levels of pesticides are present in around half of the vegetables and more than a quarter of fruits sold in the markets. Food poisoning, in the form of metals, toxins, or bacteria, stomach disorders, liver problems, vision problems, skin diseases are the diseases caused by adulteration of food. Carbide, formalin, heavy metal, chemical, textile colours, artificial sweeteners, DDT, urea etc. are used rampantly for this purpose. Milk is mixed with water. Vanaspati is used as an adulterant for ghee. Ergot is used as an adulterant for cereals. Chalk-powder is used as an adulterant for flour. Chicory is used as an adulterant for coffee. Papaya seeds is used as an adulterant for pepper. Brick-powder is used as an adulterant for chilly-powder. Tamarind seed powder is used as adulterant for coffee. Wood powder is adulterated for turmeric and dhaniya powder. Adulterated food is impure, unsafe, or unwholesome food. Instead of focusing only on the end products, the issue should be addressed at the root level. Better monitoring and supervision were mandatory for stopping food adulteration. The Ministry of Food had enacted a Food Safety Act, but was yet to prepare the necessary rules. As the issue of food safety was also linked to 14 other ministries, a coordinated agency should take responsibility of ensuring safety in food products.

Or Food Adulteration

Food adulteration is basically changing the true quality of pure foods by adding chemical additives. It spans from adding mild chemical preservatives to extremely harmful substances. There is hardly any food that is not adulterated in one way or another. Be it poultry, fruits, spices, and even daily bakery items; everything is getting adulterated nowadays. The major cause behind food adulteration is the ultimate greed of dishonest and immoral businessmen. They prefer their business profit to human life. Surveys show that maximum foods are dangerously adulterated. For example, the owners of food and beverage industries apply deadly chemicals that contain poisonous substances. These contaminated foods contain destructive substances such as Aldrin, DDT, Chlordane, Formalin, etc. which are very damaging to our health as well as our life. Even they can lead us to death. Many life-taking diseases like kidney failure, liver damage, cancer, heart diseases, etc can attack us for taking adulterated foods. Another report shows that taking adulterated foods also causes dysentery and diarrhea. It is time to stop this serious issue. To monitor the food producing and manufacturing, retail, and wholesale sale sections a special monitoring cell should be formed. The government, common people, mass media, and law enforcement agencies have to work together with a concerted effort to remove this issue. Food adulteration is a curse to our society. This increases the load of health. Its consequences are so pathetic that many common people are the poor victim of this crime. To save the people and to give a safe place to live to the next generation, food adulteration must be removed from society.

10. My Dream

A dream is a succession of images, ideas, emotions, and sensations that usually occur involuntarily in the mind during certain stages of sleep. The people of our country are still not free rather sadly crippled by the manacles of segregation and the chains of discrimination. They live on a lonely island of poverty in the midst of a vast ocean of material prosperity. Even though we face the difficulties of today and tomorrow, I still have a dream deeply rooted in the Bengali dream that one day this nation will rise up and live out the true meaning of its creed. We hold these truths to be self-evident; that all men are created equal. One day the sons of former slaves and slave owners will be able to sit down together at the table of brotherhood. The heat of injustice and oppression will be transformed into an oasis of freedom and justice. Our children will live in a nation where they will not be judged by the color of their skin but by the content of their character. Every valley shall be exalted, every hill and mountain shall be made low, the rough places will be made plain, and the crooked places will be made straight, and the glory of the Lord shall be revealed, and all flesh shall see it together. We will be able to transform the jangling discords of our nation into a beautiful symphony of brotherhood. Then we will be able to work together, to pray together, to struggle together, to go to jail together, to stand up for freedom together, knowing that we will be free one day. And if Bangladesh is to be a great nation, this must become true. So let freedom ring from the North to South and from East to West, from every hill, mountainside and molehill  of Bangladesh.  And when this happens, we will be able to speed up that day when all of God’s creation, poor men and rich men, will be able to join hands and sing in the words of the human spiritual.

11. Human Relationship

Human relationships are fundamental connections we have with others, shaping our lives in profound ways. These connections include family bonds, friendships, romantic relationships, and interactions with colleagues and neighbors. Each relationship is unique, built on trust, respect, and communication. Family relationships are often the first and most enduring bonds we experience, providing love, support, and a sense of belonging. Friendships enrich our lives by offering companionship, shared experiences, and emotional support during both good times and challenges. Romantic relationships involve deep emotional connections, intimacy, and mutual care. They can bring joy and fulfillment while also requiring compromise and understanding. Relationships at work or within communities involve collaboration, teamwork, and mutual respect, contributing to a sense of unity and achievement. Healthy human relationships are characterized by honesty, empathy, and mutual respect. They require effort and nurturing to thrive, including active listening, compromise, and the ability to resolve conflicts constructively. Good communication is essential in building and maintaining strong relationships, as it helps clarify expectations, express feelings, and build trust. Positive relationships contribute to emotional well-being, mental health, and overall happiness. They provide a support network during difficult times and enhance our sense of self-worth and belonging. However, relationships can also face challenges such as misunderstandings, disagreements, or changes in circumstances. Effective communication, patience, and willingness to compromise are key in overcoming these challenges and strengthening bonds. Ultimately, human relationships play a crucial role in our lives, shaping our identity, influencing our choices, and providing meaning and fulfillment.

12. Information Technology

Information technology is that technology by which the information is processed, communicated, exhibited and retrieved in a fast, error-free and proper-way. It means the study or use of electronic equipment especially computers, telephone, television, fax, telex, internet, e-mail, photocopier, printer, scanner, cellular phones, pagers, videophone, digital camera, multimedia, etc. for storing and analyzing information. There is hardly any area which had not been affected by this. Television can not only send message but also telecast live moving events, cinemas, dramas, music, dance and many other entertaining programmes. Wireless or radio can transmit information in a second from one place to another. There is no information but is available in the internet. Various social networking services such as face book, twitter, LinkedIn etc are rendering their services only by means of the internet. The bond of brotherhood and friendship is being built up among the world people. In supermarkets it helps for faster processing of films. In the field of agriculture, a digital moisture meter records the moisture in the soil and tells when harvesting should start. For people, who are suffering from hearing loss, digits technology is of great help. It processes sounds that reduce noise, improves clarity of speech and controls unwanted loudness. The present concept of globalization is completely void and nothing without information technology. But it is not free from demerits. Social and anti-social movement, hijacking, fraudulence and many other crimes can take place for the misuse of it. So, all the world people irrespective of colour and creed should be aware of the demerits of information technology. The government of Bangladesh is very keen to achieve a great deal in the field of information technology. Now we can hope that we will become an information technology superpower in near future.

13. Eve-Teasing

Eve-teasing, a form of public harassment directed at girls and women, has become a serious issue in Bangladesh, impacting the lives of countless young girls. This social problem includes actions like making indecent remarks, passing vulgar comments, catcalling, and even physical harassment, often in places like schools, colleges, and public areas. Many girls face such harassment daily, and some are even driven to despair or tragic actions to escape it. Parents worry for their children’s safety, and normal life for many girls has been disrupted. Recognizing the seriousness of this issue, the Bangladesh government designated June 13 as Eve-Teasing Protection Day in 2010, a step that has helped raise awareness and reduce some incidents. However, to eliminate this problem completely, there must be both strict enforcement of laws and a cultural shift towards respecting women. Boys who see their families modeling respect for women are more likely to grow up respecting women themselves. By encouraging mutual respect and promoting public awareness, everyone can help create a safer society where girls can feel secure. Eve-teasing not only affects the mental and emotional well-being of young girls but also limits their opportunities to engage fully in education and community life. Addressing this issue requires collective action, where schools, families, and local authorities work together to foster a safer environment. By taking a firm stand against eve-teasing, Bangladesh can move toward a future where girls can pursue their dreams without fear or restriction.

14. Child-Labour in Bangladesh

Child labour refers to the practice of employing children in work that deprives them of their childhood, education, and overall well-being. It often involves children working in hazardous conditions, long hours, or for very low wages. Child labour can be physically, mentally, and emotionally harmful to young individuals. In many parts of the world, children are forced to work in factories, agriculture, mines, or as domestic workers, often under dangerous and unhealthy conditions. This type of labour prevents them from attending school and gaining the education they need to build a better future. Although there are laws in Bangladesh, like the Bangladesh Labor Act, that say children under 14 cannot work, these laws are not always enforced properly. As a result, many children miss out on the chance to get an education and have a normal childhood. Solving this issue is not easy, but it is possible. The government needs to make sure the laws protecting children are followed, and there should be more programs to help families living in poverty so children don’t have to work. It’s also important to ensure that schools are available, accessible, and of good quality for all children, providing a safe and supportive environment that encourages learning. Efforts to combat child labour involve laws, policies, and programs that promote education and ensure children are not exploited. Ending child labour is crucial for protecting children’s rights and ensuring their development into healthy, educated, and responsible adults capable of contributing positively to society.

15. Self-employment

Self-employment means to create job opportunity for oneself by one’s own effort rather than for another person or company. It is earning one’s livelihood directly from one’s own trade or business rather than as an employee of another. To be self- employed, an individual is normally highly skilled in a trade or has a niche product or service for his or her local community. With the creation of the Internet, the ability for an individual to become self- employed has increased dramatically. Self-employed people can also be referred to as a person who works for himself/herself instead of an employer, but drawing income from a trade or business that they operate personally. A business owner is not required to be hands-on with the day-to-day operations of his or her company, while a self- employed person has to utilize a very hands-on approach in order to survive. Policymakers increasingly view self-employment in the form of youth entrepreneurship as a possible solution to the youth unemployment crisis. In some countries, governments are cracking down on disguised employment, often described as the pretense of a contractual intra- business relationship to hide what is otherwise a simple employer-employee relationship. In Bangladesh, various government organizations are trying to create a congenial atmosphere for self-employment. Different NGO’s have also rendered their help. Livestock rearing, agricultural farming, poultry raising are some of the sectors. There are many opportunities for self-employment in Bangladesh. One can easily engage oneself in these jobs and bring about revolutionary change in one’s life.

16. Women’s Contribution to Society

From the beginning of the world women have been contributing a lot to build the nation stronger and fruitful beside the male. Male‐dominated Bangladesh society undervalues women’s work by paying them less honour than men. It is not possible for any nation to get to goal without allowing women to play an active role. They were mere instruments to serve the family affairs. By working in the factory, a number of women in our country earn their livelihood and maintain not only their family but also contribute to the whole development of our country. There are also many women who are working in government and non-government offices with their professionals nowadays. In the field of education, medical science, culture, the government takes special care of women. At present in Bangladesh the Prime Minister and the main opposition party leader are women. They are now more conscious, serious and professional. They are getting educated as well as preparing themselves for competing with the male. The women are now enjoying their fundamental rights. But it is a matter of great regret that a number of women in both villages and towns in our country have to face a lot of social and religious bindings. But according to Islam both men and women should be given equal rights. Thinking women’s contribution to society, our national and rebel poet Kazi Nazrul Islam uttered, “What are great in this world, half has been done by woman half by man.”  So, we should change our notion and the government, the educated circle and NGO  should come forward to establish the rights of the women so that they can actively take part in nation building.

17. Gender Disparity/ Discrimination

Gender disparity means gender discrimination or difference between male and female in the field of observing rights as a human being. It pervades severely both rural and urban communities in our country. Only boys are allowed to go to school, college and university to complete higher education and to do any job anywhere outside the home. Many girl students are deprived of getting educated both in towns and villages. Many parents love their sons more and always give them more facilities than their daughters. They usually think that educating a daughter is nothing but waste of time and money. After class seven or eight they think that they should marry their daughters off. Even many of the modern and educated families of our country do not think higher education for their daughters or sisters. They do not allow their daughters, sisters and wives to do a job outside the home. They are kept busy with maintaining different household chores and bringing up children. However, both males and females should be considered equal, should be given equal rights and facilities and should be exploited equally so that women can play a vital role in the development of the country like men. For this, we have to educate all females and have to change the mentality. We have to make them aware that women can do the same thing of men. Like men, women can change their lives by working with men and earning a lot of money. After all, government should take effective measures to diminish gender disparity for the development of the country. So, if we want our own betterment, we, both males and females, have to work together.

18. Microcredit Finance

Microcredit, also called micro banking or microfinance, a means of extending credit, usually in the form of small loans with no collateral, to nontraditional borrowers such as the poor in rural areas. This approach was institutionalized in 1976 by Muhammad Yunus, an American-educated Bangladeshi economist who had observed that a significant percentage of the world’s population has been barred from acquiring the capital necessary to rise out of poverty. There are about 800 micro finance institutions in Bangladesh with a total membership of 7 million. The cumulative disbursement by these institutions since there is estimated at Tk. 44 billion. It is estimated that they have made employment of 54000 people. It has many positive effects on socio economic variables. Apart from providing loan to the rural woman it creates employment opportunities, eradicates poverty, and raises consciousness. It also emphasizes children’s schooling, nutrition and family planning. Borrowing by women particularly improved the nutritional status both male and female children. Consumption by 5 percent of the programme participants increased to the point that their households rose above the poverty line. These findings about the importance of micro credit in poverty reduction have been substantiated by other studies both in Bangladesh and in other countries.

19. Globalization

Globalization is, basically, a process of expanding trade and commerce all over the world by creating a borderless market. The idea of Globalization came into practice only in the last decade thought the idea was age old. It has also a far-reaching effect on many aspects of life. The world has come closer with the development of hi-tech communication media and rapid transport facilities. We can learn instantly what is happening in the remotest corner of the world. We are also able to go to any country in the shortest possible time. This is how countries of the world are like families in a village. We can share our joys and sorrows like next door neighbors. Globalization also brings all types of different customs and behavior into our homes through satellite television channels and the Internet. Now, we can enrich our local culture through constant interaction of different cultures. But, along with this, the cultural assault can also be resisted by the strength of our own traditional social values, beliefs and attitudes. However, as a result of Globalization, capitalist countries are enjoying more opportunities by exploiting the poor countries. Globalization integrates global economy in a way which exerts influence on both economic and social relations among the countries of the world. If Globalization is imposed upon a properly educated and properly trained labour force in an appropriate system it will lead to development and progress. If the developed and developing nations work together on terms of solidarity, equity and justice the process of Globalization will make our world a better place to live in.

20. Social Value

Social value refers to norms or forms of behavior that are widely acceptable and admirable in the society. It refers also to the life style that people think that they should adopt. In the past, honesty, sincerity, truthfulness, piety, fellow-feeling etc. were considered to be social values. Adopting unfair means in any walk of life for any reason whatsoever was regarded as evil. People tried to keep themselves away from all sorts of malpractices and misdeeds. Honesty is the best policy – This was the motto of people in general. The miscreants were in great disrepute in the society. They were hated by all and sundry. But it is a pity those social values are interpreted now the other way round. Now, the criminals are honored as heroes of the society. People feel frightened to speak against their evil deeds. The causes of the present social values are materialistic attitude of people in general. With a few exceptions, people now run after name, fame and fortune without giving any thought to right or wrong, good or evil, moral or immoral. The effects of social values in the present age are deplorable. The noble qualities are now in exile. Honest people are now pushed to the wall. The wrong doers are now held in high esteem because of their post, power and position. Social values which were honored and harbored by people in the past should be preserved by way of raising awareness in people by inculcating the habit of doing good deeds, maintaining moral scruples, detesting vices and corrupt practices.

21. Female Education

Female education is very essential for the overall development of a nation. More or less half of the population of a country is female. Leaving the female uneducated and unemployed, no nation can prosper. That’s why female education has been a crying need of the day. Once women were confined within the four walls of the house and were used to doing only household chores. At that time, they were deprived of the light of education because of the prejudice, unconsciousness, superstition, social backwardness, prejudiced outlook, social barrier, obstacle by the fundamentalists and so on. But now it has changed a lot and women are getting educated gradually. But most of the women are lagging far behind in education. The rate of female literacy is alarming because without their education, our satisfactory development is impossible. Napoleon Bonaparte said, “Give me an educated mother and I will give you an educated nation”. From this line we can easily realize the importance of female education. Women need to be educated for different reasons. To be a conscious citizen of the country, to be an active member of the family and society, to be a good mother or wife and to lead a self-reliant better life, a woman should be educated properly. Besides, educated women have higher income potential than those who have had no schooling. Many people consider women inferior to men. But it is their wrong concept. Except the biological difference, a girl has every capacity to work and to achieve high position in life as a man can. An educated woman is conscious of her duties, rights and responsibilities. So, we should take every necessary step to ensure an environment to educate our female force. Parents ought to be encouraged to send their daughters to school. The govt. and NGO’s should patronize the education for girls in order that they can be educated and can play a vital role in the development of our country.

22. A Street Child/ Tokai

A street child is he who moves along the roads and has no definite place or house to live in. Sometimes he may not have mother or father or both. He lives beside the street or in a temporary hut either in a slum or in any deserted place of a town or city. Actually there is none to look after him. There is none to think of his education and future. Even if he has parents, they cannot afford to send him to schools and ensure his food and clothes. So, he is left on the mercy of others. This is a cruel joke of the society. The children of affluent families or some well-to-do families go to schools. They play in the school field and watch television for recreation or for learning. But a child living in the street does not have any definite future. He is deprived of all the basic needs of human life. He grows and matures with a sense of anger and revenge towards the society. This mentality leads him to take the path of crime and creates insecurity in the society. If the affluent people don’t take care of him, the ultimate results of the negligence they cannot avoid. So, it is the responsibility of all to give a serious importance to the fact. The social and welfare ministry of the state tries to arrange some education for the street children. But it is a gigantic task which calls for united efforts. When people belonging to all strata of society come forward, a street child will have a secure future.

23. Basic Human Rights

In the present civilized world everybody has some fundamental rights that are to get food, shelter, education, medical treatment etc. The basic human rights are divided into different categories like social rights, civil rights, political rights, economic rights, religious rights and cultural rights. Social rights mean the rights to move freely, to arrange and attend any social function. Civil rights refer to the rights to be free from the interference, attack and disturbance of others. Political rights mean the rights to join trade union, to take part in the administration, to give vote and to have the freedom of speech including freedom of expression of opinions. An inhabitant will also exercise the cultural rights, religious rights and economic rights. Moreover, people of different religions can independently say their respective prayers going to mosque, church, temple or pagoda, and perform other religious activities. Every person can possess properties, establish organizations, support others financially etc. all these are some examples of economic rights. All citizens are equal in the eye of law and justice. But in many countries of the world including Bangladesh basic human rights are being violated brutally. And this type of crime is usually committed by the law-enforcing agencies, miscreants and politicians. Definitely they should be punished for violating fundamental human rights. So, some pragmatic measures should be adopted by the govt. as well as by all leading NGO’s to raise consciousness among all people through different mass media like radio, television, cinema, newspaper, poster, internet etc. for the overall betterment of all.

24. Price hike / Price Spiral

Price hike refers to an unusual increase in the price of the essential commodities in the market. When the price of daily necessary things goes up and out of general customer’s affordability in that time we address that situation as Price Hike. There are many reasons for the price hike which is considered one of the major problems in our country. Rapid growth of population, hoarding, black market, market syndicate, natural disasters, limited cultivable lands, shortage of commodities supply, money inflation, political turmoil etc. are the most common in them. Price hike has dreadful effect in our life and national economy. It causes untold sufferings to the poor and the middle class people. Many people cannot buy daily necessaries and remain half fed. As a result, they suffer from malnutrition. Alleviating price hike is a bit difficult. First of all, we have no control over natural calamities. What we can do is to save more than enough foods in the reserve, so that we don’t run into trouble if something unexpected is happened.  However, the government, the rich, and the business class people should come forward to ensure the proper distribution of commodities. Now we should research to overcome price hikes in the future. Govt. should take some effective steps such as creating monitoring cell, keeping strong to import product in crisis condition, motivating farmers to grow hi-breed crops etc. Money inflation, activities of black market, political unrest should be controlled. We need to increase production and stop importing things from other countries. If we focus on production, we will be able to create millions of job opportunities for jobless people. Mass media can also play a vital role to reduce this issue. Using the law properly can change the situation; otherwise, this problem can destroy the economy of a country.

25. Dowry System

Dowry means property or money brought by a bride to her husband when they get married. Nowadays the system of giving and taking dowry in marriage is more prevalent in Bangladesh. To eradicate this social evil, we should remain satisfied with mere laws and by-laws or enactment of some rules. Total change in the outlook of the society is the crying need at this moment. Young men and women must come forward to put an end to this disgraceful system. The political parties and government must match word with action. General inequality is a major cause of dowry. Improving women’s position in society would be an effective measure against dowry. The girl’s guardians must also be conscious about the issue. A girl should be brought up to be self-dependent. There is a tendency for the girl and the girl’s family to simply tolerate the oppression because of risk the marriage’s breaking up. The families must resort to legal action rather than encourage the girl to bear the oppression due to social shame and honour. Educated girls are also asked for dowry, but the poor illiterate girls have no alternative if abandoned by their husbands for dowry. Unfortunately, in the rural areas, the daughters of poor farmers often study and work in order to earn enough money to pay dowry. The activists of all spheres against dowry must keep these factors in mind to eradicate dowry effectively.

26. Greenhouse Effect

Greenhouse effect is the gradual warming of the air surrounding the earth as a result of heat being trapped by environment pollution. Most climatologists believe that the greenhouse effect is the likely cause of this global warming. This is exemplified by the destruction and burning down of tropical rain forests, by traffic that clogs up city streets, by the rapid growth of industry, the use of CFCs in packing and manufacturing commercial products, the use of detergents and so on. The oceans are also said to be affected both because of human waste and because of pollution caused by industrial waste products, oil seeping from damaged supertankers and from other maritime disasters. However, the main culprits for global warming are carbon di-oxide gas, produced by the burning of fossil fuels and forests, and pollutants such as methane and chlorofluorocarbons. Now a days global warming has made the environmentalists think about the dreadful consequences. Climatologists predict that midway through the next century; temperatures may have risen by as much as 4 C. This could catastrophically reduce mankind’s ability to grow food, destroy or severely damage wildlife and wilderness, raise sea levels and thereby flood coastal areas and farmland. The alarming news about Bangladesh is that as a result of the rise of the sea level, the lower southern part of the country may one day go under water. Tree plantation program should be adopted soon. Steps should be taken to put on end to the causes and sources emitting carbon dioxide. These are the measures we can take with a view to preventing global warming.

27. Earthquake

Earthquake is the tremor caused either by volcanic eruptions or by sudden dislocation in the rock structure underneath. That Bangladesh lies in the active earthquake zone is not unknown to Bangladeshis. There are two schools of experts regarding earthquakes. One school comprising of engineers and geologists is of the view that the recurrence of quakes in recent years should be taken as a signal for a major earthquake. Another school comprising of similar categories of experts, however, believes that the concern should not be amplified, because although there are a number of fault lines in the geographical area comprising Bangladesh, none of them is active enough to pose a major threat. Yet none of the schools rules out the possibility of a major quake and the dangers that might be associated with it. An earthquake causes unaccountable damage, and sometimes heavy destruction of life and property. During an earthquake, it is unsafe to remain inside a multi-storied house. It is better for the inmates of houses to come out in the open at the time of an earthquake. In Japan, an earthquake is a common phenomenon. It takes place frequently than in other coun­tries in the world. In Bangladesh, earthquake is, however, felt from time to time in mild form in different parts of the country. Alarmed by the recurrence of quakes during recent years, experts have called for the development of an earthquake resistant building code that all buildings should follow as mandatory to reduce the losses.

28. Role of Media

In general, “media” refers to various means of communication channels through which news, entertainment, education, data, or promotional messages are disseminated. Media includes every broadcasting and narrowcasting medium such as newspapers, magazines, TV, radio, billboards, direct mail, telephone, fax, and internet. In the world of today, media has become as necessary as food and clothing. It has played significant as well as influential role in strengthening the society and making the world a global village. Media is considered as “mirror” of the modern society. The purpose of the media is to inform people about current, new affairs and to tell about the latest gossip and fashion. It also helps to form opinions and make judgements regarding various issues. It has become one way of trading and marketing of products and prejudices. It keeps people updated and informed about what is happening around them and the world. Media can be considered as “watch dog” of political democracy. It serves to reduce the communication gap between the audience, viewers and the media world. For the sake of publicity and selling, important figures, their lifestyles are usually targeted. But unfortunately, media these days has become a commercialized sector. Media has had a bad effect on a generation, mainly because, teenagers and children are strongly influenced by media. The media affects people’s perspective. I believe, if the media identifies its responsibility and work sincerely and honestly, and then it can serve as a great force in building the nation.

29. My Homeland

Bangladesh, a vibrant nation in South Asia, is my beloved homeland. Situated at the delta of the Ganges and Brahmaputra rivers, this picturesque country is known for its natural beauty, rich history, and warm-hearted people. With a population of over 160 million, Bangladesh is one of the most densely populated countries in the world, yet it has managed to preserve its cultural heritage and traditions. Bangladesh boasts a diverse landscape that encompasses lush green fields, serene rivers, and the mesmerizing Sundarbans, the world’s largest mangrove forest and a UNESCO World Heritage site. Its tropical climate and fertile soil make it an agricultural hub, producing a wide variety of crops such as rice, jute, tea, and fruits. The tranquil beauty of rural Bangladesh, with its vast paddy fields and traditional thatched-roofed houses, is a sight to behold. The history of Bangladesh is intertwined with struggles for independence and resilience. In 1971, Bangladesh emerged as an independent nation after a bloody liberation war, seeking to uphold the principles of democracy and justice. The language movement of 1952, which led to the recognition of Bengali as the national language, remains a symbol of cultural pride. Bangladeshis are known for their hospitality and warm nature. The people of this nation embrace their rich cultural heritage, celebrating festivals such as Pohela Boishakh (Bengali New Year), Eid-ul-Fitr, and Durga Puja with great enthusiasm. The traditional music, dance forms like the graceful Manipuri and energetic Baul, and vibrant handloom textiles like Jamdani and Muslin reflect the artistic brilliance of the  Bangladeshi people. While Bangladesh faces challenges such as poverty and climate change, the nation has made remarkable progress in various sectors. The booming ready-made garment industry, vibrant microfinance initiatives, and advancements in healthcare and education are testaments to Bangladesh’s resilience and determination. In conclusion, Bangladesh is a land of captivating beauty, rich history, and resilient people. Its diverse landscape, cultural heritage, and warm hospitality make it a remarkable place to call home. Despite the challenges it faces, Bangladesh continues to move forward, embracing progress while staying connected to its roots.

30. Social Network Services

A social networking service is an online service provided to the public for social interaction between families, friends, and also for gaining new friends over the internet. The advantages of the Internet technology have made it possible to emerge a good number of web sites like Facebook, Google+, Twitter, LinkedIn, etc. These services make it possible to connect people sharing interests and activities across the borders. They have made a lot for the users to feel that they really live in a global village. Social networks are expanding so fast because one can make use of them free, paying a very little to one’s Internet service provider. Secondly, one can make one’s personal profile public before the entire online community. It is like presenting oneself before the entire world. One can also look into other people’s profile if one is interested. It is simple and easy. Thirdly, social networks allow users to upload pictures, multimedia contents and modify the profile. Some like Facebook allow users to update their profiles. Fourthly, networks allow users to post blog entries. User profiles have a section dedicated to comments from friends and other users. Finally, there are privacy protection measures too. A user himself or herself decides over the number of visitors/ viewers, and what information should be shared with others. In short, the social network connects people with each other over the internet, along with businesses, educational institutions, health, and religious organizations all over the world.

31. Digital Bangladesh

Digital Bangladesh means digitalizing Bangladesh by ensuring an ICT based society where information will be available on line. Here all the possible tasks of government or semi-government will be performed using digital technology. The motto of digital Bangladesh is to establish technology based digital governance, e-commerce, e-agriculture, e-production, e-education etc. The benefits of digital Bangladesh are many. If we can establish a digital Bangladesh, corruption will be reduced radically.  It will make people think globally and connect them with the whole world economically, socially, politically, academically and even culturally.  It will improve our banking and financial activities. Agriculture, health, education, commerce – all these sections will be highly benefited by making Bangladesh a digital one. To make our country digital first of all, uninterrupted power supply has to be ensured and we have to develop computer network skill and ensure equitable access. Finally, our education should be computer based and in primary and secondary schools’ students should get easy access to the computer.   Some products like software and TV programmes are also amenable to digital transmission. We will be able to buy and sell goods through the electronic screen if we can make a Digital Bangladesh. Undoubtedly, encouraging development towards digitalization of Bangladesh by 2021 can be possible. The ambitious dream for a Digital Bangladesh will remain a dream if the government cannot equip the people with the technology needed for establishing the digital era.

32. Different Forms of Entertainment

Entertainment is an action‚ event or activity that aims to amuse and interest an audience of one or more people. It is the audience that turns a private recreation or leisure activity into entertainment.  Human beings cannot be compared to machines. The monotonous working hours of a hectic and busy life load their brains with tiredness and stress. So, they need something else besides their work to be energized or recharged. It refreshes them, at the same time it gives them a new life. There may be thousands types of pastimes all over the world. Many pastimes around the world are common to people no matter what their nationality or race. But some are not. However, whatever the country, one activity that is common to all is watching television. Most of the people of Bangladesh pass their leisure either playing in the field or gossiping in the rural areas. But in the urban sites there are a number of pastimes. Reading story books, collecting stamps, gardening, playing some indoor and outdoor games, reading for exams, listening to music, visiting relatives on weekends, attending music lessons, going to movies occasionally, helping parents with housework, going on a picnic with family or friends, walking in the park on holidays are the types that teenagers usually do in their leisure. Now a days going to different clubs or hotels has become teenage craze. Some people have selected walking, sightseeing, fishing, cooking etc as their leisure activities. The types of pastimes may vary from person to person according to their taste and culture. But the reason behind leisure is the same. The only reason is to have relaxation and pleasure.

33. The Most Important Pursuit of Life–Money or Happiness?

We live our life running after money, thinking it would give us a good life. This is the illusion most people believe. Whoever, believes that money buys happiness is wrong. We should not be narrow while thinking what is a good life, and at the same time, we should not dream too much. To have a good life does not mean you have to be the richest person on the planet. One of the keys for a good life is happiness. Happiness, that feeling that makes you forget everything and enjoy the moment. Being happy helps you live the moment to its fullest, forget about the past and its problems and the future with all its challenges. We all want to be happy, to be delighted and enjoy our time. Happiness is not related to material things; you can be the poorest person in this world and still be happy and think you have a good life. People think that drugs, sex, alcohol and money will make their life better. These stupid thoughts made people waste their life and regret what they have done. Ask anyone who is fresh out of college, or has recently taken up a job. Their primary focus will be money, and how to earn more of it. Fast forward to a time when the person is married, has a stable job, with a decent pay, though money is still very important in this person’s life, this person now has a want of something more important than money. Time to spend with family, time to see their children grow up, time to enjoy the luxuries their money can afford. Finally, when this person nears retirement, there is only one thing that is perhaps most important – peace of mind.

34. Uses and Abuses of Satellite Channels

Satellite TV Channels are television channels that broadcast programmes by means of satellite. The broadcast programmes are received in STVR or Satellite Television Receiver which we call dish antenna. Bangladesh introduced satellite channels for the first time in 1992. Nowadays, Bangladeshi people can enjoy more than 100 satellite TV channels. Satellite TV Channels are satisfying people’s interest and demand for entertainment, knowledge and information very efficiently. They provide people with round-the-clock news service and keep them informed of the latest affairs happening around the globe. Various Channels like Discovery, National Geographic, Animal Planet etc. telecast reports on new discoveries, animal world, weather, agriculture, world heritage etc. Some channels show reports and analysis on financial activities around the world while some other telecast cultural programmes, movies, dramas, live sports etc. So, we see that satellite TV channels play a significant role in upgrading the standard of life. Satellite TV Channels leave some bad effects on the viewers, especially on the youngsters. Many satellite TV channels telecast obscene and vulgar films, dramas, music videos etc. which degrade the moral standard of our youngsters. Sensational murder and violence in films often make young people more aggressive. Many people consider satellite TV channels to be a cultural assault of the western countries on the developing countries. Satellite TV channels are the need of the time. Considering the possible bad influence Govt. should not close the access of satellite TV channels. In fact, the satellite TV itself is not responsible for its harmful effect. We have to be careful in using the satellite TV channels so that we can avoid harmful effects. In spite of having some demerits, we cannot but admit that satellite TV channels are the boons of modern science and technology. Therefore, we should take great care in handling this blessing of science. We should appreciate anything positive and constructive of these channels and carefully avoid anything harmful.

35. Uses and Abuses of Internet

The process of connecting two or more computers with cable or modem is known as internet. Internet is the only means of exchanging data through computer networking. It can be very easily accessible. To get necessary information, one just search it on Goggle if one has an internet connection. The Internet is replete with countless advantages. It has made possible man’s access to countless websites, information programs, scientific discoveries, global political, social, economic and cultural developments and happenings, libraries, entertainment and much more.  Internet plays an important role in the field of trade and commerce. Currently, e-commerce has become very popular all over the world. Because, anyone can buy anything online without visiting markets or shopping malls. It also plays an essential role education field as students can easily get necessary information through internet. However, the Internet has some setbacks too, which is a threat to the entire mankind. People, especially youngsters are getting addicted to the Internet and thus causing problems to their health. It is making this generation lazy. Internet hackers are on the rise, creating nuisance in the world of business and communication. There are a lot of thefts, frauds and unscrupulous businesses cropping up that are taking undue advantage of innocent people. Anti-social elements of society and cybercrime are also using the Internet against humanity. Although there are several advantages associated with the internet, we are also able to witness the horrendous disadvantages of the internet and its usage in all walks of life. It’s high time that we realize that technological advancements are like a double-edged sword and should be used wisely to live a quality life.

36. Modern Technology

Modern technology is all about efficiency and speed; it is about ensuring face-to-face communication, connecting you to your healthcare provider, and empowering you by giving you more access and control to the kind of care you get as well as service you receive. It is the latest scientific knowledge used in practical ways. Today it finds itself on the threshold of new discoveries, invention and explorations of unparalleled excitements. We are now rapidly moving into a world where there will be mills, factories, and industries without workers, agro-based productions without farms of farmers. In agriculture, farm mechanization has drastically reduced the farm labor force. Computerized robots are being used in farms for more production. Medicine, cosmetic products, clothes are nothing but the products of modern technology. Radio, television, computer, refrigerator, dish antenna etc. are the gifts of modern technology. These things have made our life enjoyable, comfortable and entertaining. Technology has made the world a global village. With the blessings of mobile phone, internet, television, computer we can know in an instant what is happening in the farthest corner of the world. We can communicate with anyone living at any place in the world within seconds. Technology can be used for the greater welfare of mankind. Technology is used in diagnosing and curing very complex diseases. We can travel very quickly from one country to another by using fastest aircrafts. Technology can also be used in space, sea, mountain, desert etc. for the greater welfare of mankind. With the use of technology now we can find out the lost ships or planes in the deep sea or ocean. Staying at home we can do business with foreign countries through the use of modern technology. Modern technology has made our life more improved and developed. In fact, we cannot do without modern technology.

37. Apartheid

Apartheid was a system of institutionalized racial segregation and discrimination in South Africa that lasted from 1948 to 1994. Enacted by the National Party government, it classified the population into racial groups—primarily White, Black, Colored, and Indian—and enforced rigid segregation across all aspects of life, including education, healthcare, and employment. Laws under apartheid, such as the Group Areas Act and the Bantu Education Act, deprived non-White South Africans of basic civil rights and imposed severe restrictions on their freedoms. The regime justified its policies with pseudoscientific racial theories, promoting the idea of White superiority and racial purity. Resistance to apartheid was met with brutal repression, including violence and imprisonment, most notably exemplified by the imprisonment of Nelson Mandela, a key anti-apartheid activist. International condemnation and internal dissent grew over the decades, leading to widespread sanctions and increasing pressure on the South African government. The struggle for freedom and equality was marked by significant events such as the Soweto Uprising of 1976, which galvanized global awareness and support. Apartheid officially ended in 1994 with the first multiracial elections, which resulted in Nelson Mandela becoming the country’s first Black president. The dismantling of apartheid marked a historic moment of reconciliation and transition towards democracy, although South Africa continues to grapple with the enduring social and economic legacies of this era.

38. Impact on Facebook/Social Media on Young Generation

 Social media, particularly platforms like Facebook, has had a profound impact on the young generation in Bangladesh. On the positive side, it has provided a space for self-expression, networking, and access to information, empowering youths to connect with global communities and stay informed about current events. Many young individuals use Facebook as a platform for activism, raising awareness about social issues and voicing their opinions. It has also opened up opportunities for young entrepreneurs, allowing them to promote their businesses and reach customers through digital marketing. Social media has facilitated cultural exchange, enabling young people to learn about different traditions and perspectives from around the world. Additionally, it has created opportunities for skill development through online tutorials, webinars, and learning groups. However, there are also negative implications, including excessive screen time leading to decreased productivity, exposure to misinformation, and mental health challenges stemming from cyberbullying or unhealthy comparisons. The constant need for validation through likes and comments can lead to anxiety and low self-esteem. Furthermore, the spread of fake news and divisive content on social media has contributed to polarization and social discord. The lack of regulation in online spaces sometimes exposes users to inappropriate content or harmful trends. Moreover, the pervasive influence of social media has sometimes led to a decline in face-to-face communication skills, weakening interpersonal relationships. Striking a balance between its benefits and drawbacks is crucial to ensure that the young generation in Bangladesh can leverage social media responsibly and constructively. Encouraging digital literacy and fostering healthy online habits can play a significant role in minimizing its negative effects while maximizing its potential benefits.

39. Importance of Technology in Education

Technology has become an essential part of education, making learning more engaging, accessible, and effective. With the help of technology, students can explore a world of knowledge beyond their textbooks. Online resources, such as videos, tutorials, and interactive apps, make difficult subjects easier to understand and fun to learn. Smart classrooms equipped with projectors and digital tools allow teachers to present lessons in creative ways, helping students grasp concepts more clearly. Technology also enables personalized learning, as students can progress at their own pace using educational software and online courses. In rural areas, where quality education might be limited, technology bridges the gap by providing access to online classes and resources. Furthermore, technology encourages collaboration, as students can work on projects together using online platforms, even if they are in different locations. It also prepares students for the future by teaching them essential skills like using computers, navigating the internet, and understanding digital tools. With advancements like virtual reality, students can even explore historical places or conduct science experiments in a virtual environment. Artificial intelligence tools are now being used to assist teachers by automating tasks like grading and providing insights into students’ progress. However, it is important to use technology responsibly to avoid distractions and misuse. Schools and parents should guide students on how to balance technology with traditional learning methods. Overall, technology plays a vital role in modern education, making learning exciting and preparing students for the challenges of the 21st century. With its proper use, education can become more inclusive and empower students to achieve their full potential.

40. Civic Engagement

Civic engagement means working to make a difference in the civic life of the community using knowledge, skills, values and motivation. Civic engagement promotes the quality of life in a community by contributing to the improvement of health and wellbeing of the people. Organizing rallies, collecting signatures, making human chains, writing petitions, controling traffic in front of a school, helping children to cross the roads, working in a team to clean a park or a sea beach, joining blood donation campaigns etc. are all examples of civic engagement as what you do directly affects the community. Students can also show civic engagement by raising awareness about important issues like protecting the environment or helping poor people. Voting is another important way of civic engagement because it allows people to choose leaders who care about the community’s needs. Civic engagement teaches young people teamwork, responsibility, and kindness. It helps build strong and caring communities where people work together for the common good. Taking part in civic activities also gives people a sense of purpose and pride, as they help improve their surroundings. For students, civic engagement can start with small actions like following school rules, keeping the environment clean, or helping neighbors. Learning about civic duties from a young age helps them grow into active and responsible citizens. By getting involved in their communities, students not only help others but also develop useful skills such as leadership, problem-solving, and communication. Civic engagement is very important for creating a peaceful, fair, and successful society. It inspires people to think beyond themselves and care about others. When everyone does their part, communities become stronger, more united, and ready to face any challenge together.

41. Human Rights

Human rights are the basic rights and freedoms that every person is entitled to, simply because they are human. These rights ensure that all individuals are treated equally and with dignity, regardless of their race, religion, gender, or nationality. Examples of human rights include the right to life, freedom of speech, education, health care, and the right to live without fear of discrimination or harm. Human rights are important because they protect individuals from injustice and ensure that everyone has the opportunity to live a happy and fulfilling life. Governments, organizations, and individuals all have a responsibility to respect and uphold these rights. When human rights are protected, societies become fairer and more peaceful. However, in some parts of the world, people still face violations of their rights, such as being denied education, freedom, or safety. This is why it is important to raise awareness about human rights and work together to protect them. Students can also play a role by learning about these rights, respecting others, and standing against bullying or unfair treatment. The Universal Declaration of Human Rights, adopted by the United Nations in 1948, is a document that outlines these rights and serves as a guide for all nations. By understanding and respecting human rights, we can help create a world where everyone is treated equally and with kindness. Promoting human rights also teaches values like compassion, justice, and fairness, which are essential for building a better future for all. It is important to remember that human rights belong to everyone, and no one should be left behind. Together, we can work towards a world where every person enjoys the freedom and dignity they deserve.

42. Myths and Literature

Myths and literature are closely connected because myths often serve as the foundation for many stories and legends found in literature. A myth is a traditional story, usually involving gods, heroes, or supernatural events, that explains natural phenomena, customs, or the origins of a culture. These stories have been passed down through generations and reflect the beliefs, values, and imagination of the people who created them. In literature, myths are often used to explore themes like good versus evil, love, and sacrifice. Many famous literary works, such as Greek myths, the Ramayana, or the Mahabharata, are based on mythical stories and have influenced countless writers and poets over time. Myths help writers create fascinating worlds, and they also provide important lessons about human nature and society. For example, myths can teach us about bravery, wisdom, and the consequences of making bad decisions. In modern literature, authors sometimes take inspiration from ancient myths to create new stories that are relevant to today’s world. Myths are also important in literature because they help readers understand different cultures and their unique worldviews. Through the study of myths, we can learn about the ways ancient civilizations explained the unknown and how their stories shaped their understanding of the world. Myths often blend reality with fantasy, making them timeless and relevant across generations. By studying both, we gain a deeper appreciation for how literature evolves and reflects the changing values of societies. In this way, myth and literature are powerful tools that help us connect with the past and better understand the human experience.

43. Dream

Dreams are the visions and ideas that take shape in our minds, often during sleep or moments of deep thought. They can be fantastical and surreal, allowing us to explore imaginary worlds, or they may reflect our desires and aspirations in real life. For students, dreams serve as a source of inspiration and motivation, helping them envision what they want to achieve in the future. Whether it’s dreaming of becoming a doctor, artist, teacher, or scientist, these ambitions guide us to work hard and stay focused. Dreams also have the power to fuel creativity and innovation, encouraging us to think beyond the ordinary. They remind us that the possibilities in life are endless, as long as we believe in ourselves. Dreams can provide hope during difficult times, showing us that brighter days lie ahead. However, simply dreaming is not enough; we must also act on those dreams to make them real. With determination, patience, and effort, even the biggest dreams can come true. In this way, dreams are not just fleeting thoughts but the foundation for a brighter and more meaningful future. When shared with others, dreams can inspire teamwork and collective progress. They teach us the value of perseverance and the courage to face obstacles. Above all, dreams give our lives purpose and direction, making each day more fulfilling. They help us discover our hidden talents and unlock our potential. Dreams remind us to never give up, even when things seem impossible. Through dreams, we find the strength to keep growing and striving for greatness.

44. Adolescence

Adolescence is the period of life between childhood and adulthood. It is a time of rapid growth and change, both physically and emotionally. During this phase, boys and girls experience many changes in their bodies, such as increased height, the development of muscles, and other physical features. These changes are a natural part of growing up and prepare them for adulthood. Adolescents often face new emotions and feelings, which may sometimes seem confusing. They start to develop their own identity and learn to make independent decisions. Friendships become very important during this time, as they seek acceptance and understanding from their peers. Adolescence is also a time to build important life skills, like managing responsibilities, setting goals, and solving problems. However, it can also be a challenging phase due to pressures from school, family, and society. It is important for adolescents to have guidance and support from parents, teachers, and elders to help them navigate this period smoothly. Maintaining a healthy lifestyle by eating nutritious food, exercising, and getting enough rest is crucial for their growth. Adolescence is a time of endless possibilities, full of dreams and ambitions. With proper guidance, patience, and effort, adolescents can develop into confident and responsible adults who contribute positively to society. They also begin to explore their interests and talents, shaping their future careers and hobbies. Positive role models can have a great influence during this stage, inspiring them to make good choices. Ultimately, adolescence is a journey of self-discovery, growth, and learning that shapes the foundation for adulthood.

45. Bullying

Bullying is a harmful behavior where someone repeatedly hurts or scares another person on purpose. It can happen anywhere, like schools, playgrounds, or even online, and it can take many forms, such as teasing, name-calling, pushing, spreading rumors, or excluding someone. Bullying can make people feel sad, scared, or alone, and it often affects their confidence and happiness. It is important to understand that bullying is never acceptable and can cause serious emotional and mental harm to those who are targeted. If someone is being bullied, they should speak up and seek help from a trusted adult, like a teacher or parent. Schools and communities need to create safe environments where everyone feels respected and valued. Students can help stop bullying by standing up for others, being kind, and reporting incidents when they see them. Understanding the feelings of others and showing empathy are powerful ways to prevent bullying. Bullies often behave this way because of their own problems or insecurities, but hurting others is not a solution. Encouraging open conversations about kindness and respect can help create a positive atmosphere. Together, we can make a difference by spreading kindness, supporting one another, and ensuring that bullying has no place in our schools or communities. It is also important to teach children and students how to manage conflicts without resorting to hurtful actions. By raising awareness about bullying and its effects, we can create stronger, more compassionate relationships. A world without bullying starts with every individual choosing to treat others with kindness and respect.

46. Gen Z and the July Uprising

Gen Z, also known as the Zoomers, refers to the generation born between the late 1990s and early 2010s. They are known for their tech-savviness, creativity, and strong sense of social justice. The July Uprising, a significant historical event, showcases how youth can play a powerful role in bringing about change. Though different generations faced challenges in their times, Gen Z has been inspired by uprisings like this to take a stand against injustice. The July Uprising was a protest where people united to demand freedom and equality, showing the power of collective action. Gen Z often mirrors these values by using social media and technology to raise awareness about important issues, advocate for human rights, and organize peaceful movements. They are fearless in questioning authority and voicing their opinions on global challenges like climate change, gender equality, and education. The determination and resilience seen in the July Uprising serve as a reminder for Gen Z to stay persistent in their efforts to create a better world. Learning from the past, Gen Z combines historical inspiration with modern tools to fight for justice and fairness. Their ability to connect and collaborate globally gives them the potential to make a lasting impact, much like the unity displayed during the July Uprising. Through their actions, they continue the legacy of past movements, proving that young people can be agents of change. The values of equality and justice demonstrated in the July Uprising are still relevant today, inspiring the youth of Gen Z to carry the torch forward. By standing up for what they believe in, Gen Z is shaping a more inclusive and progressive future. Ultimately, the lessons from past uprisings are helping guide them in their ongoing fight for a better world.

47. Pros and Cons of Artificial Intelligence

Artificial Intelligence (AI) is rapidly changing the world, offering both exciting possibilities and challenges. One of the biggest advantages of AI is its ability to help solve complex problems quickly and efficiently. AI systems can process vast amounts of data in seconds, making it easier to find solutions in fields like medicine, science, and technology. For example, AI can help doctors diagnose diseases faster and more accurately, saving lives. AI is also used in daily life, from voice assistants like Siri and Alexa to recommendation systems on websites like YouTube and Amazon. It can make tasks easier, save time, and improve productivity. However, AI also has its drawbacks. One concern is that it may replace human jobs. Many tasks that once required humans, such as driving cars or managing stores, can now be done by machines, leading to unemployment for some people. Another problem is the risk of AI being used in harmful ways. For instance, AI could be used to create deepfakes, spread misinformation, or even control weapons. There is also the fear that AI could become too advanced and operate beyond human control. Ethical concerns arise, such as how AI systems make decisions and whether they can be trusted to always act in the best interest of humans. In conclusion, while AI offers numerous benefits in making life easier and solving complex problems, it also poses risks that need to be carefully managed. The future of AI depends on how we choose to use it resp nsibly, ensuring it benefits society while minimizing any negative impacts.

48. Causes and Effects of Juvenile Delinquency

Juvenile delinquency refers to illegal or harmful behavior by minors and is caused by various factors. Family issues, such as neglect, abuse, or lack of proper guidance, play a significant role in pushing young individuals toward wrongdoing. Broken homes or a lack of parental supervision often leave children feeling insecure and more susceptible to negative influences. Peer pressure is another common cause, as adolescents may imitate friends involved in criminal activities to fit in or gain social approval. Additionally, poverty, lack of education, and unemployment can create feelings of frustration and hopelessness, making delinquency seem like an escape. Exposure to violent media and video games can desensitize young minds to aggressive behavior, further fueling delinquent tendencies. Substance abuse is another contributing factor, as drugs and alcohol impair judgment and lower inhibitions. The effects of juvenile delinquency are far-reaching. It can lead to a damaged future for the individual, with limited career opportunities and a criminal record. For society, it results in higher crime rates and increased pressure on law enforcement and rehabilitation systems. The financial costs of addressing juvenile crime, including legal proceedings and correctional programs, place a significant burden on public resources. Families also suffer emotionally and financially, often experiencing guilt and social stigma. Moreover, repeated offenses by juveniles can escalate into more serious crimes, posing a threat to community safety. Preventing juvenile delinquency requires a supportive environment, education, and guidance to help youth make positive choices. Schools, communities, and governments must work together to provide mentorship programs, recreational activities, and counseling services to at-risk youth, fostering their development into responsible adults.

49. School Life and College Life

School life and college life are two important stages of a student’s journey. In school, students wear uniforms and follow strict rules, while in college, they usually wear casual clothes and have more freedom. School life is guided by teachers who monitor every step, but in college, students are expected to be more independent. In school, classes start and end at fixed times, but in college, the schedule is more flexible. School friends often feel like family because students spend many years together. In college, students meet new people from different places, which helps them learn about diversity. School days are filled with fun activities like sports, music, and crafts. In college, there are clubs, events, and competitions that allow students to explore their talents. Homework in school is simple and regular, while college assignments are more challenging. School teaches basic knowledge and discipline, while college focuses on preparing students for careers. In school, parents stay very involved, but in college, students make their own decisions. Teachers in school are strict, but professors in college treat students as adults. School life is more sheltered, while college life is full of new experiences and responsibilities. School exams are frequent, but college exams require deeper study. School builds the foundation for learning, and college shapes the future. In school, students depend on teachers, but in college, they rely on self-study. School life feels safe and comfortable, while college life brings exciting challenges. Both stages are important, and each has its own joys. School is about growing up, and college is about stepping into the real world. Together, they make life a wonderful journey of learning and discovery.

50. Artificial Intelligence

Artificial Intelligence, or AI, is the use of computers and machines to do tasks that usually need human intelligence. It helps us in many ways, like suggesting videos, playing games, or even helping doctors find illnesses. AI can understand speech, recognize faces, and learn from its mistakes. For example, voice assistants like Siri and Alexa use AI to answer questions. Robots in factories use AI to work quickly and correctly. Self-driving cars also use AI to know where to go safely. AI is used in schools to make learning fun by creating educational games. It can also translate languages, making communication easier around the world. Scientists use AI to study space and discover new planets. Farmers use it to monitor crops and grow food more efficiently. AI is even used in art to draw pictures and make music. It saves time by helping people with daily tasks. However, we must use AI responsibly because it can make mistakes too. It needs a lot of data to work properly, and sometimes it can be expensive to create. Many jobs might change in the future because of AI. That’s why it’s important to learn how to use it wisely. AI is not smarter than humans, but it is a helpful tool. We should use AI to make life better for everyone. While it is powerful, people must guide it carefully. AI is like a super assistant that makes work and play easier for humans.

51. The July Revolution

The July Revolution of 2024 in Bangladesh was a historic event that united people to demand change. It began when citizens grew frustrated with corruption, inequality, and injustice. Students, workers, and activists led the movement, joined by people from all walks of life. Protests were held across cities and towns, with banners and slogans calling for justice and democracy. Social media played a key role in spreading the message and mobilizing support. The protests were mostly peaceful, though there were moments of tension with authorities. Despite challenges, the people remained determined and refused to give up. Their unity and courage inspired hope across the nation. The government eventually responded to the demands, agreeing to make necessary changes. The July Revolution of 2024 became a symbol of the power of collective action and the importance of standing up for what is right. It reminded everyone of the value of democracy and fairness. This movement showed that ordinary citizens have the strength to shape the future. It also taught young people the importance of unity and determination. The revolution will be remembered as a proud moment in the history of Bangladesh. It inspires the nation to continue striving for justice and progress.

52. The 3 Zero Theory

The 3 Zero Theory is an idea to make the world a better place by solving big problems. It was created by Professor Muhammad Yunus, a famous Bangladeshi Nobel Prize winner. The three “zeros” in this theory are zero poverty, zero unemployment, and zero carbon emissions. Zero poverty means everyone should have enough money to live a good life. Zero unemployment means everyone should have a job to support themselves and their families. Zero carbon emissions means taking care of the environment by reducing pollution and fighting climate change. Professor Yunus believes this can be achieved by working together and using new ideas. Social businesses, which help people and the planet instead of just making profits, are a big part of this theory. These businesses create jobs, reduce poverty, and protect nature. For example, helping farmers grow more food or making clean energy can change lives. The 3 Zero Theory teaches us to care for others and our world. It shows that solving problems is possible if everyone works together. This idea inspires people to dream big and take action. By following this theory, we can create a future where everyone is happy and safe. It is a reminder that small efforts can lead to big changes. Professor Yunus’s 3 Zero Theory gives hope for a better tomorrow.

53. Muhammad Yunus and Grameen Bank

Muhammad Yunus is a famous Bangladeshi professor and Nobel Prize winner who helped many poor people through his great idea. He started Grameen Bank in 1983 to give small loans, called microcredit, to poor people without asking for anything in return, like money or property. These loans were given to help them start small businesses, such as farming, sewing, or shopkeeping, so they could earn money and improve their lives. Most of the people who received these loans were women, as they worked hard to take care of their families. Grameen Bank was different from other banks because it trusted poor people to repay the loans, and most of them did! Professor Yunus believed that helping people to help themselves was the best way to end poverty. His work showed that even a small loan could make a big difference in someone’s life. For his amazing idea, Muhammad Yunus and Grameen Bank won the Nobel Peace Prize in 2006. Many countries around the world have followed his example to help their poor people. Professor Yunus teaches us that kindness and trust can solve big problems. Grameen Bank is not just a bank; it is a way to bring hope and change to people’s lives. This idea has improved the lives of millions of families in Bangladesh and beyond. Muhammad Yunus is called the “Father of Microfinance” because of his great contribution. His work inspires people to believe in the power of helping others. Today, he continues to work for a world without poverty. His dream of helping everyone live with dignity and respect is a big lesson for all of us.

54. Gen Z

Generation Z, or Gen Z, in Bangladesh includes young people born between 1997 and 2012. They are known for being smart, creative, and highly connected to technology. Most of them use smartphones, social media, and the internet to learn, communicate, and entertain themselves. Gen Z in Bangladesh is very curious and loves to explore new ideas. They are quick learners and adapt to new trends faster than older generations. Many of them are students who dream of achieving big goals in life, such as becoming doctors, engineers, artists, or entrepreneurs. They care about the environment and want to make the world a better place. Gen Z in Bangladesh is also very interested in education, with many excelling in studies and extracurricular activities. They use platforms like YouTube and TikTok to showcase their talents, such as singing, dancing, or painting. This generation values creativity and enjoys expressing themselves. At the same time, they face challenges like pressure to succeed and limited job opportunities. Despite this, they are hopeful about their future. Gen Z believes in equality and often speaks out against injustice. They are aware of global issues like climate change and want to bring positive change to society. This generation is confident, ambitious, and ready to take on challenges. Gen Z in Bangladesh represents the country’s bright future. They inspire others with their energy and determination.