1. Early Marriage
2. Adolescence
3. Drug Addiction
4. The Life of an Orphan Boy
5. Education
6. An Educated Person, a Light of Warrior
7. My Favourite Personality
8. Use and Abuse of Facebook
9. Food Adulteration
10. My Dream
11. Human Relationship
12. Information Technology
13. Eve-Teasing
14. Child-Labour in Bangladesh
15. Self-employment
16. Women’s Contribution to Society
17. Gender Disparity/ Discrimination
18. Microcredit Finance
19. Globalization
20. Social Value
21. Female Education
22. A Street Child/ Tokai
23. Basic Human Rights
24. Price hike / Price Spiral
25. Dowry System
26. Greenhouse Effect
27. Earthquake
28. Role of Media
29. My Homeland
30. Social Network Services
31. Digital Bangladesh
32. Different Forms of Entertainment
33. The Most Important Pursuit of Life–Money or Happiness?
34. Uses and Abuses of Satellite Channels
35. Uses and Abuses of Internet
36. Modern Technology
37. Apartheid

 

 

1. Early Marriage

Early marriage, also known as child marriage, refers to the union of two individuals where at least one of the parties is below the age of 18. This practice is more common in some cultures and regions, often due to a combination of economic, social, and cultural factors. Early marriage is a significant issue in Bangladesh, affecting many young girls’ lives. In many rural areas, families marry off their daughters before they turn 18, often due to poverty, social pressure, and cultural traditions. Parents believe that marrying their daughters early can ensure their financial security and protect their honor. However, early marriage has many negative consequences. Early marriage usually affects girls more than boys and can have serious implications for their health, education, and overall well-being. These young brides often face challenges such as dropping out of school, experiencing health risks from early pregnancies, and being more vulnerable to domestic violence. Early marriage deprives children of their childhood and the opportunity to grow and develop fully before taking on adult responsibilities. The government of Bangladesh has laws against child marriage, but enforcing these laws is challenging due to deep-rooted customs and lack of awareness. Many organizations are working to raise awareness about the harmful effects of early marriage and promote education for girls. By addressing the root causes and empowering communities, it is possible to reduce the incidence of early marriage and improve the lives of many young girls in Bangladesh.

 

 

2. Adolescence

Adolescence is the transitional period between childhood and adulthood, typically occurring between the ages of 10 and 19. It is marked by significant physical, emotional, and psychological changes as individuals develop from children into mature adults. During this time, adolescents experience rapid growth and development, including puberty, which brings about changes in their bodies. Emotionally and psychologically, they start to form their own identities, develop more complex thinking skills, and seek greater independence from their parents. Teenagers begin to form stronger relationships with peers, explore romantic relationships, and navigate the complexities of social norms and expectations. Education, family support, and access to healthcare and information are vital during adolescence to ensure that young people can make informed decisions and successfully transition into adulthood. Education is crucial during these years, but many teenagers drop out of school due to financial pressures, early marriage, or the need to work and support their families. Health is another critical area, as adolescents need proper nutrition and information about reproductive health. Socially, adolescents in Bangladesh often struggle with balancing traditional expectations and modern influences. Boys may feel pressure to become earners early, while girls face the risk of early marriage and limited freedom. Despite these challenges, there are positive changes as well. More programs and initiatives are being introduced to support adolescents, focusing on education, skill development, and health awareness. Organizations and the government are working together to create better opportunities for young people. By addressing these challenges and providing support, Bangladesh can help its adolescents grow into healthy, educated, and empowered adults. to solve the problems. Besides, we all should be aware of this.

 

3. Drug Addiction

Drug addiction refers to such state of not being able to stop taking illegal harmful substances like heroin, opium, marijuana, morphine, cocaine, phensidyl etc. that people take through smoking, inhaling or injection. It being a brain disease leads to changes in the structure and function of the brain. It can lead to a range of both short-term and long-term mental and physical health problems. Unemployment problem, environmental factors, political unrest, family feud, lack of love and affection lead a man to frustration which is the main cause of drug addiction. It destroys us morally, physically and financially. Dependence on drugs can create a number of dangerous and damaging complications. People who are addicted to a drug are more likely to get an infectious disease, such as HIV, either through unsafe sex or by sharing needles.  Young people involved in crimes to get money for taking drugs. Behavioral changes may cause marital or family conflict and custody issues. It can also cause declining performance at work, absenteeism and eventual loss of employment. The best way to prevent an addiction to a drug is not to take the drug at all. Drug-addicts must be treated with love and kindness. A strong, stable bond between you and your child will reduce your child’s risk of using or misusing drugs. The society should take strong measures to control the dishonest businessmen and drug-traffickers. The highest punishment of dealing in or smuggling drugs is death in Bangladesh. There are laws of drug-control all over the world, yet drug-addiction is increasing gradually. What is needed an anti-drugs consciousness among the youth of the different countries.

4. The Life of an Orphan Boy

An orphan boy is a child who has lost one or both of his parents due to various reasons such as illness, accidents, or other circumstances. Being an orphan means that the boy does not have the parental care and support that other children typically receive. The life of an orphan boy is often filled with many challenges and hardships. Without parents to guide and support him, he usually lives in an orphanage or with relatives. In an orphanage, he might get his basic needs met, like food, shelter, and education, but it can still be a difficult place to grow up. Despite these challenges, many orphan boys show incredible strength and resilience. They often learn to be independent and responsible at a young age, taking care of themselves and sometimes even younger siblings. Education becomes a crucial lifeline, offering a way out of their difficult circumstances. Going to school provides not only knowledge but also a sense of normalcy and hope for a better future. Friendships formed at school can be a source of comfort and support. Support from kind people, community programs, and organizations can make a big difference in an orphan boy’s life. Donations, mentorship, and emotional support help him feel less alone and more hopeful. Stories of successful individuals who were once orphans inspire him to dream big and work hard. With determination and the right opportunities, many orphan boys grow up to lead successful and fulfilling lives. They prove that even though their start in life was tough, they can overcome obstacles and achieve great things. The journey is not easy, but their resilience and courage often shine through, showing the world their remarkable inner strengthened in the public.

 

 

5. Education

Education refers to the process of acquiring knowledge, skills, values, and understanding through various forms of learning. It is an essential part of life that helps people gain knowledge, skills, and values. It starts early, with children going to school to learn basic subjects like reading, writing, and math. As they grow older, their education includes a broader range of topics such as science, history, and languages. Education is not just about learning facts; it also teaches important life skills like critical thinking, problem-solving, and how to work with others. Schools provide a structured environment where children can discover their interests and talents, preparing them for future careers and responsibilities. Good education is crucial for personal development. It opens up opportunities for better jobs, higher earnings, and a more fulfilling life. Education helps individuals understand the world around them and make informed decisions. It also promotes social skills and emotional growth, enabling people to build relationships and live harmoniously in a diverse society. Moreover, education fosters creativity and innovation, encouraging students to think outside the box and come up with new ideas. Communities and governments worldwide recognize the importance of education and work hard to ensure everyone has access to quality learning opportunities. This includes building schools, training teachers, and providing resources like books and technology. In many places, special programs are created to support disadvantaged students, ensuring that all children, regardless of their background, have the chance to succeed. Education is a lifelong journey. Even after finishing school, people continue to learn through experiences, reading, and training. Lifelong learning helps individuals stay current in their careers and adapt to changing environments. By prioritizing education, societies invest in a brighter future, where individuals can reach their full potential and contribute positively to their communities.

 

 

6. An Educated Person, a Light of Warrior

An educated person is like a warrior armed with knowledge and skills to navigate life’s challenges and make a positive impact. Education empowers individuals to think critically, solve problems effectively, and communicate ideas clearly. It opens doors to opportunities for personal growth and professional success. An educated person is not just knowledgeable in academic subjects like math or science; they also understand the world around them, appreciate different cultures, and respect diverse perspectives. Education equips individuals with the tools to make informed decisions about their health, finances, and relationships. It instills values such as honesty, empathy, and perseverance, shaping them into responsible citizens who contribute meaningfully to their communities. Moreover, education fosters a lifelong curiosity and thirst for learning, encouraging continuous self-improvement and adaptation to a changing world. Like a warrior who trains tirelessly for battle, an educated person prepares themselves to face life’s challenges with resilience and determination. They inspire others with their wisdom and inspire change through their actions, making a positive difference wherever they go. Therefore, investing in education not only benefits individuals but also strengthens societies by nurturing a capable and enlightened citizenry ready to tackle the complexities of the modern world.

 

7. My Favourite Personality

My best personality of the world, Hazrat Muhammad (S.M), is the last prophet of Allah and the leader of all prophets. He is the greatest of man and teachers ever born of earths. He is the embodiment of all that is noble, pure and good. The prophet Hazrat Muhammad (s.m) was born in the famous Quraish tribe of Mecca in 570 A.D. Before his birth, his father Abdullah died and his mother Amina died when he was only six. So in his infancy he became an orphan who was brought up by a nurse named Halima. He was handsome, of medium height, very active, walked rapidly which forced his companions to race to keep up with him. People reported seeing light around his body and in his face, which they compared to the sun or the full moon. His skin was white and turned rosy from exposure to the sun. He had black eyes and a thick beard. Everybody believed him and called Al-Amen or the trusty one. The prophet taught the people the virtue of forgiveness. He advised them to do well to others and worship Allah. The Qur’an was revealed to him by Allah and the Hadith which contains his sayings taught the Muslims many noble virtues. He always thought about the evils of Arab life which was dirty and barbering killing, robbery, injustice and barbarism prevailed everywhere in Arab. This great and noble soul passed away in 632 A.D. at the age of 63. But his work and teachings remain and will be followed as long as the world lasts. He made Muslims brothers of one another, built a great nation and powerful state. At present one fifth of the people of the world are the followers of this great and noble prophet.

 

Or
My Favourite Person

A person or thing regarded with peculiar favor; one treated with partiality; one preferred above others; especially, one unduly loved, trusted, and enriched with favors by a person of high rank or authority.  I have a favourite person who is Mr. X, is highly qualified and has done double M.A. He who is a teacher is adjudged as good or bad according to the temperament of the students. He has some basic qualities that will inspire the pupils to pay their attention towards him. He knows the art of teaching. He is the master of his subject. He makes his lessons interesting. His method of teaching is convincing and inspiring. He treats his students like his own children. He praises the good work done by them. If a student does some mistake, he is not very harsh to him. He tactfully makes his student realise his mistake. He is never angry with his students. He believes in simple living and high thinking. He has a high moral character. He is sincere in teaching and is hard working. He does not allow us to be lazy. He makes a simple living but his thinking is great. He influences our young minds with his fatherly care. He does not encourage the students to flee the time carelessly in idle chat, in idle thought rather he encourages us to be perseverant. He is a true friend and a sincere guide to the students. The skill in teaching will make him a lovable teacher for us in the school. His picture is so deeply entranced in my heart that I think no matter where ever I go I will never forget him and neither will ever get another teacher like him. That’s why he is so much favourite to me.

 

 

8. Use and Abuse of Facebook

Facebook is a popular free social networking website that allows registered users to create profiles, upload photos and video, send messages and keep in touch with friends, family and colleagues. It was created by Mark Zuckerberg in February of 2004. This exclusive site, which is available in 37 different languages, includes public features. Facebook makes it possible to connect people sharing interests and activities across the borders and thus have made a lot for the users to feel that they really live in a global village. It is expanding so fast as one can make use of them paying very little. One can make personal profile public before the entire online community. It is like presenting oneself before the entire world. One can also look into other people’s profile simply and easily if one is interested. It allows users to upload pictures, multimedia contents and to update their profiles. User profiles have a section dedicated to comments from friends and other users. Finally, there are privacy protection measures too. A user himself or herself decides over the number of viewers, and what information should be shared with others. He can block specific connections or keep all his communications private. But this great blessing of modern science has some demerits too. Many young boys and girls become addicted to it and give more time on it than studies. Few senseless people post nude pictures which influence the tender mind of youngsters. A long term bad effects can be seen in those adolescents. Besides, many girls and ladies committed suicide because their enemy posted their privet photos or videos. Despite these few bad sites of Facebook book, it has great importance for the communication of modern people.

 

 

9. Food Adulteration

Food adulteration is the act of deliberately adding something to the food, intentionally debasing the quality of the food offered for sale either by the admixture or substitution of inferior substances or by the removal of some valuable ingredient. Unsafe levels of pesticides are present in around half of the vegetables and more than a quarter of fruits sold in the markets. Food poisoning, in the form of metals, toxins, or bacteria, stomach disorders, liver problems, vision problems, skin diseases are the diseases caused by adulteration of food. Carbide, formalin, heavy metal, chemical, textile colours, artificial sweeteners, DDT, urea etc. are used rampantly for this purpose. Milk is mixed with water. Vanaspati is used as an adulterant for ghee. Ergot is used as an adulterant for cereals. Chalk-powder is used as an adulterant for flour. Chicory is used as an adulterant for coffee. Papaya seeds is used as an adulterant for pepper. Brick-powder is used as an adulterant for chilly-powder. Tamarind seed powder is used as adulterant for coffee. Wood powder is adulterated for turmeric and dhaniya powder. Adulterated food is impure, unsafe, or unwholesome food. Instead of focusing only on the end products, the issue should be addressed at the root level. Better monitoring and supervision were mandatory for stopping food adulteration. The Ministry of Food had enacted a Food Safety Act, but was yet to prepare the necessary rules. As the issue of food safety was also linked to 14 other ministries, a coordinated agency should take responsibility of ensuring safety in food products.

 

Or Food Adulteration

Food adulteration is basically changing the true quality of pure foods by adding chemical additives. It spans from adding mild chemical preservatives to extremely harmful substances. There is hardly any food that is not adulterated in one way or another. Be it poultry, fruits, spices, and even daily bakery items; everything is getting adulterated nowadays. The major cause behind food adulteration is the ultimate greed of dishonest and immoral businessmen. They prefer their business profit to human life. Surveys show that maximum foods are dangerously adulterated. For example, the owners of food and beverage industries apply deadly chemicals that contain poisonous substances. These contaminated foods contain destructive substances such as Aldrin, DDT, Chlordane, Formalin, etc. which are very damaging to our health as well as our life. Even they can lead us to death. Many life-taking diseases like kidney failure, liver damage, cancer, heart diseases, etc can attack us for taking adulterated foods. Another report shows that taking adulterated foods also causes dysentery and diarrhea. It is time to stop this serious issue. To monitor the food producing and manufacturing, retail, and wholesale sale sections a special monitoring cell should be formed. The government, common people, mass media, and law enforcement agencies have to work together with a concerted effort to remove this issue. Food adulteration is a curse to our society. This increases the load of health. Its consequences are so pathetic that many common people are the poor victim of this crime. To save the people and to give a safe place to live to the next generation, food adulteration must be removed from society.

 

 

10. My Dream

A dream is a succession of images, ideas, emotions, and sensations that usually occur involuntarily in the mind during certain stages of sleep. The people of our country are still not free rather sadly crippled by the manacles of segregation and the chains of discrimination. They live on a lonely island of poverty in the midst of a vast ocean of material prosperity. Even though we face the difficulties of today and tomorrow, I still have a dream deeply rooted in the Bengali dream that one day this nation will rise up and live out the true meaning of its creed. We hold these truths to be self-evident; that all men are created equal. One day the sons of former slaves and slave owners will be able to sit down together at the table of brotherhood. The heat of injustice and oppression will be transformed into an oasis of freedom and justice. Our children will live in a nation where they will not be judged by the color of their skin but by the content of their character. Every valley shall be exalted, every hill and mountain shall be made low, the rough places will be made plain, and the crooked places will be made straight, and the glory of the Lord shall be revealed, and all flesh shall see it together. We will be able to transform the jangling discords of our nation into a beautiful symphony of brotherhood. Then we will be able to work together, to pray together, to struggle together, to go to jail together, to stand up for freedom together, knowing that we will be free one day. And if Bangladesh is to be a great nation, this must become true. So let freedom ring from the North to South and from East to West, from every hill, mountainside and molehill

of Bangladesh.  And when this happens, we will be able to speed up that day when all of God’s creation, poor men and rich men, will be able to join hands and sing in the words of the human spiritual.

 

 

11. Human Relationship

Human relationships are fundamental connections we have with others, shaping our lives in profound ways. These connections include family bonds, friendships, romantic relationships, and interactions with colleagues and neighbors. Each relationship is unique, built on trust, respect, and communication. Family relationships are often the first and most enduring bonds we experience, providing love, support, and a sense of belonging. Friendships enrich our lives by offering companionship, shared experiences, and emotional support during both good times and challenges. Romantic relationships involve deep emotional connections, intimacy, and mutual care. They can bring joy and fulfillment while also requiring compromise and understanding. Relationships at work or within communities involve collaboration, teamwork, and mutual respect, contributing to a sense of unity and achievement. Healthy human relationships are characterized by honesty, empathy, and mutual respect. They require effort and nurturing to thrive, including active listening, compromise, and the ability to resolve conflicts constructively. Good communication is essential in building and maintaining strong relationships, as it helps clarify expectations, express feelings, and build trust. Positive relationships contribute to emotional well-being, mental health, and overall happiness. They provide a support network during difficult times and enhance our sense of self-worth and belonging. However, relationships can also face challenges such as misunderstandings, disagreements, or changes in circumstances. Effective communication, patience, and willingness to compromise are key in overcoming these challenges and strengthening bonds. Ultimately, human relationships play a crucial role in our lives, shaping our identity, influencing our choices, and providing meaning and fulfillment.

 

 

12. Information Technology

Information technology is that technology by which the information is processed, communicated, exhibited and retrieved in a fast, error-free and proper-way. It means the study or use of electronic equipment especially computers, telephone, television, fax, telex, internet, e-mail, photocopier, printer, scanner, cellular phones, pagers, videophone, digital camera, multimedia, etc. for storing and analyzing information. There is hardly any area which had not been affected by this. Television can not only send message but also telecast live moving events, cinemas, dramas, music, dance and many other entertaining programmes. Wireless or radio can transmit information in a second from one place to another. There is no information but is available in the internet. Various social networking services such as face book, twitter, LinkedIn etc are rendering their services only by means of the internet. The bond of brotherhood and friendship is being built up among the world people. In supermarkets it helps for faster processing of films. In the field of agriculture, a digital moisture meter records the moisture in the soil and tells when harvesting should start. For people, who are suffering from hearing loss, digits technology is of great help. It processes sounds that reduce noise, improves clarity of speech and controls unwanted loudness. The present concept of globalization is completely void and nothing without information technology. But it is not free from demerits. Social and anti-social movement, hijacking, fraudulence and many other crimes can take place for the misuse of it. So, all the world people irrespective of colour and creed should be aware of the demerits of information technology. The government of Bangladesh is very keen to achieve a great deal in the field of information technology. Now we can hope that we will become an information technology superpower in near future.

 

 

13. Eve-Teasing

Bangladesh, a developing country, though holding quite a small area is flooded with uncountable problems. Among these, eve-teasing, recently has become the burning issue for the country because of its adverse effects on women, especially to the teenage girls. Eve teasing has remained a concern since many years. The practice of eve-teasing is a form of sexual assault that ranges in brutality from catcalls, sexually evocative remarks, brushing in public places and very recently teasing by mobile phone and mobile tracking. These teasers wait in front of girls’ schools and colleges and as soon as they cite the girls walk past them they start passing bad comments, dirty jokes, sly whistles, uncivilised laughter, and sometimes reaching the extreme of rude publicity. Due to the rise of eve-teasing in our country, parents and guardians are passing days in great anxiety for the safety of their children. The normal life of girls is being hampered due to its rapid increase. Strict enforcement of laws and motivational campaign can go a long way in reducing the incidence of the social menace. The government of Bangladesh has pursued a number of legal measures, both direct and indirect, to minimise the violence against women and uphold their rights. If we want to get rid of this practice we need to change our attitudes and engrave a self-generated respect for women coming from our hearts.

 

Or Eve-Teasing

Eve teasing means molestation or exciting young girls sexually by making indecent remarks or vulgar comments on them. It usually starts with winking eyes and making obscene gestures and may go to the extent of physical assault and harassment. Generally, school and college-going girls become victims of eve teasing. It is a matter where boys use bad language to the girls who silently hate them without taking any kind of revenge. In naturally his violations reach the girls to suicide. For removing it forever from the society everybody should careful about it. Everybody should behave each other like brother and sister. Here religion rules can contribute a lot. If anybody makes this again they should be punished for their deeds. And we should take immediate action to them if anybody makes this violation. Boys who see their fathers treating their mothers with respect will automatically grow into men who think likewise. Boys and girls should be allowed to mingle freely so that they learn to respect each other’s individuality. Men need to realize that every woman is some man’s wife, or daughter, or sister, or mother; and must be treated with the same respect, they would accord their own. Eve teasing is a social crime and it should be prevented at any cost. The law-enforcing authorities should deal severely with the eve teasers. People’s conscience and consciousness must also be aroused to stop this nuisance.

 

 

Or Eve-Teasing

Eve-teasing is normally meant as teasing a girl or woman illegally. “Eve-teasing” refers to public sexual harassment or street harassment to a girl by a boy, when it turns into a serious issue. Eve-teasing is a very common term in South Asia, especially in Bangladesh. Almost every young girl is a victim of teasing, especially by the local young teaser. The most of the people may avoid it as a common matter with young generation. But when it crosses the line, it will raise as a problem to us.  These days, many girls have committed suicide only to safe themselves from eve-teasing. There happened many occurrences like this, which are not being published in the newspaper. In most of the cases, the victims shy to exposes these incidents. That means, eve-teasing in Bangladesh has reached its maximum range. This is against the women rights without any doubt. Those who are involved with this kind of embarrass stuff can be named as a terrorist. The teasers wait in schools, colleges or outside the house gate and as soon as girls walk passed by them they start teasing with bad comments, naughty jokes, sly whistles and even indecent exposure. To control the diffusion of Eve Teasing, Education Ministry in Bangladesh has designated 13 June, 2010 as Eve Teasing Protection Day. This declaration reflects its result by decreasing both the number of women-suicide and also the extension of eve teasing all over the country. This great problem of our country cannot be removed only by Government movements. Both the Government and the public of the country should come forward to eradicate this problem from our country. In this fact, public awareness and application of strict law is crying need against eve-teasers, so no eve-teasers get the chance to raise their head.

 

 

14. Child-Labour in Bangladesh

Child labour refers to the practice of employing children in work that deprives them of their childhood, education, and overall well-being. It often involves children working in hazardous conditions, long hours, or for very low wages. Child labour can be physically, mentally, and emotionally harmful to young individuals. In many parts of the world, children are forced to work in factories, agriculture, mines, or as domestic workers, often under dangerous and unhealthy conditions. This type of labour prevents them from attending school and gaining the education they need to build a better future. Although there are laws in Bangladesh, like the Bangladesh Labor Act, that say children under 14 cannot work, these laws are not always enforced properly. As a result, many children miss out on the chance to get an education and have a normal childhood. Solving this issue is not easy, but it is possible. The government needs to make sure the laws protecting children are followed, and there should be more programs to help families living in poverty so children don’t have to work. It’s also important to ensure that schools are available, accessible, and of good quality for all children, providing a safe and supportive environment that encourages learning. Efforts to combat child labour involve laws, policies, and programs that promote education and ensure children are not exploited. Ending child labour is crucial for protecting children’s rights and ensuring their development into healthy, educated, and responsible adults capable of contributing positively to society.

 

 

15. Self-employment

Self-employment means to create job opportunity for oneself by one’s own effort rather than for another person or company. It is earning one’s livelihood directly from one’s own trade or business rather than as an employee of another. To be self- employed, an individual is normally highly skilled in a trade or has a niche product or service for his or her local community. With the creation of the Internet, the ability for an individual to become self- employed has increased dramatically. Self-employed people can also be referred to as a person who works for himself/herself instead of an employer, but drawing income from a trade or business that they operate personally. A business owner is not required to be hands-on with the day-to-day operations of his or her company, while a self- employed person has to utilize a very hands-on approach in order to survive. Policymakers increasingly view self-employment in the form of youth entrepreneurship as a possible solution to the youth unemployment crisis. In some countries, governments are cracking down on disguised employment, often described as the pretense of a contractual intra- business relationship to hide what is otherwise a simple employer-employee relationship. In Bangladesh, various government organizations are trying to create a congenial atmosphere for self-employment. Different NGO’s have also rendered their help. Livestock rearing, agricultural farming, poultry raising are some of the sectors. There are many opportunities for self-employment in Bangladesh. One can easily engage oneself in these jobs and bring about revolutionary change in one’s life.

 

 

16. Women’s Contribution to Society

From the beginning of the world women have been contributing a lot to build the nation stronger and fruitful beside the male. Male‐dominated Bangladesh society undervalues women’s work by paying them less honour than men. It is not possible for any nation to get to goal without allowing women to play an active role. They were mere instruments to serve the family affairs. By working in the factory, a number of women in our country earn their livelihood and maintain not only their family but also contribute to the whole development of our country. There are also many women who are working in government and non-government offices with their professionals nowadays. In the field of education, medical science, culture, the government takes special care of women. At present in Bangladesh the Prime Minister and the main opposition party leader are women. They are now more conscious, serious and professional. They are getting educated as well as preparing themselves for competing with the male. The women are now enjoying their fundamental rights. But it is a matter of great regret that a number of women in both villages and towns in our country have to face a lot of social and religious bindings. But according to Islam both men and women should be given equal rights. Thinking women’s contribution to society, our national and rebel poet Kazi Nazrul Islam uttered, “What are great in this world, half has been done by woman half by man.”  So, we should change our notion and the government, the educated circle and NGO  should come forward to establish the rights of the women so that they can actively take part in nation building.

 

 

17. Gender Disparity/ Discrimination

Gender disparity means gender discrimination or difference between male and female in the field of observing rights as a human being. It pervades severely both rural and urban communities in our country. Only boys are allowed to go to school, college and university to complete higher education and to do any job anywhere outside the home. Many girl students are deprived of getting educated both in towns and villages. Many parents love their sons more and always give them more facilities than their daughters. They usually think that educating a daughter is nothing but waste of time and money. After class seven or eight they think that they should marry their daughters off. Even many of the modern and educated families of our country do not think higher education for their daughters or sisters. They do not allow their daughters, sisters and wives to do a job outside the home. They are kept busy with maintaining different household chores and bringing up children. However, both males and females should be considered equal, should be given equal rights and facilities and should be exploited equally so that women can play a vital role in the development of the country like men. For this, we have to educate all females and have to change the mentality. We have to make them aware that women can do the same thing of men. Like men, women can change their lives by working with men and earning a lot of money. After all, government should take effective measures to diminish gender disparity for the development of the country. So, if we want our own betterment, we, both males and females, have to work together.

 

 

18. Microcredit Finance

Microcredit, also called micro banking or microfinance, a means of extending credit, usually in the form of small loans with no collateral, to nontraditional borrowers such as the poor in rural areas. This approach was institutionalized in 1976 by Muhammad Yunus, an American-educated Bangladeshi economist who had observed that a significant percentage of the world’s population has been barred from acquiring the capital necessary to rise out of poverty. There are about 800 micro finance institutions in Bangladesh with a total membership of 7 million. The cumulative disbursement by these institutions since there is estimated at Tk. 44 billion. It is estimated that they have made employment of 54000 people. It has many positive effects on socio economic variables. Apart from providing loan to the rural woman it creates employment opportunities, eradicates poverty, and raises consciousness. It also emphasizes children’s schooling, nutrition and family planning. Borrowing by women particularly improved the nutritional status both male and female children. Consumption by 5 percent of the programme participants increased to the point that their households rose above the poverty line. These findings about the importance of micro credit in poverty reduction have been substantiated by other studies both in Bangladesh and in other countries.

 

 

19. Globalization

Globalization is, basically, a process of expanding trade and commerce all over the world by creating a borderless market. The idea of Globalization came into practice only in the last decade thought the idea was age old. It has also a far-reaching effect on many aspects of life. The world has come closer with the development of hi-tech communication media and rapid transport facilities. We can learn instantly what is happening in the remotest corner of the world. We are also able to go to any country in the shortest possible time. This is how countries of the world are like families in a village. We can share our joys and sorrows like next door neighbors. Globalization also brings all types of different customs and behavior into our homes through satellite television channels and the Internet. Now, we can enrich our local culture through constant interaction of different cultures. But, along with this, the cultural assault can also be resisted by the strength of our own traditional social values, beliefs and attitudes. However, as a result of Globalization, capitalist countries are enjoying more opportunities by exploiting the poor countries. Globalization integrates global economy in a way which exerts influence on both economic and social relations among the countries of the world. If Globalization is imposed upon a properly educated and properly trained labour force in an appropriate system it will lead to development and progress. If the developed and developing nations work together on terms of solidarity, equity and justice the process of Globalization will make our world a better place to live in.

 

 

20. Social Value

Social value refers to norms or forms of behavior that are widely acceptable and admirable in the society. It refers also to the life style that people think that they should adopt. In the past, honesty, sincerity, truthfulness, piety, fellow-feeling etc. were considered to be social values. Adopting unfair means in any walk of life for any reason whatsoever was regarded as evil. People tried to keep themselves away from all sorts of malpractices and misdeeds. Honesty is the best policy – This was the motto of people in general. The miscreants were in great disrepute in the society. They were hated by all and sundry. But it is a pity those social values are interpreted now the other way round. Now, the criminals are honored as heroes of the society. People feel frightened to speak against their evil deeds. The causes of the present social values are materialistic attitude of people in general. With a few exceptions, people now run after name, fame and fortune without giving any thought to right or wrong, good or evil, moral or immoral. The effects of social values in the present age are deplorable. The noble qualities are now in exile. Honest people are now pushed to the wall. The wrong doers are now held in high esteem because of their post, power and position. Social values which were honored and harbored by people in the past should be preserved by way of raising awareness in people by inculcating the habit of doing good deeds, maintaining moral scruples, detesting vices and corrupt practices.

 

 

21. Female Education

Female education is very essential for the overall development of a nation. More or less half of the population of a country is female. Leaving the female uneducated and unemployed, no nation can prosper. That’s why female education has been a crying need of the day. Once women were confined within the four walls of the house and were used to doing only household chores. At that time, they were deprived of the light of education because of the prejudice, unconsciousness, superstition, social backwardness, prejudiced outlook, social barrier, obstacle by the fundamentalists and so on. But now it has changed a lot and women are getting educated gradually. But most of the women are lagging far behind in education. The rate of female literacy is alarming because without their education, our satisfactory development is impossible. Napoleon Bonaparte said, “Give me an educated mother and I will give you an educated nation”. From this line we can easily realize the importance of female education. Women need to be educated for different reasons. To be a conscious citizen of the country, to be an active member of the family and society, to be a good mother or wife and to lead a self-reliant better life, a woman should be educated properly. Besides, educated women have higher income potential than those who have had no schooling. Many people consider women inferior to men. But it is their wrong concept. Except the biological difference, a girl has every capacity to work and to achieve high position in life as a man can. An educated woman is conscious of her duties, rights and responsibilities. So, we should take every necessary step to ensure an environment to educate our female force. Parents ought to be encouraged to send their daughters to school. The govt. and NGO’s should patronize the education for girls in order that they can be educated and can play a vital role in the development of our country.

 

 

22. A Street Child/ Tokai

A street child is he who moves along the roads and has no definite place or house to live in. Sometimes he may not have mother or father or both. He lives beside the street or in a temporary hut either in a slum or in any deserted place of a town or city. Actually there is none to look after him. There is none to think of his education and future. Even if he has parents, they cannot afford to send him to schools and ensure his food and clothes. So, he is left on the mercy of others. This is a cruel joke of the society. The children of affluent families or some well-to-do families go to schools. They play in the school field and watch television for recreation or for learning. But a child living in the street does not have any definite future. He is deprived of all the basic needs of human life. He grows and matures with a sense of anger and revenge towards the society. This mentality leads him to take the path of crime and creates insecurity in the society. If the affluent people don’t take care of him, the ultimate results of the negligence they cannot avoid. So, it is the responsibility of all to give a serious importance to the fact. The social and welfare ministry of the state tries to arrange some education for the street children. But it is a gigantic task which calls for united efforts. When people belonging to all strata of society come forward, a street child will have a secure future.

 

 

23. Basic Human Rights

In the present civilized world everybody has some fundamental rights that are to get food, shelter, education, medical treatment etc. The basic human rights are divided into different categories like social rights, civil rights, political rights, economic rights, religious rights and cultural rights. Social rights mean the rights to move freely, to arrange and attend any social function. Civil rights refer to the rights to be free from the interference, attack and disturbance of others. Political rights mean the rights to join trade union, to take part in the administration, to give vote and to have the freedom of speech including freedom of expression of opinions. An inhabitant will also exercise the cultural rights, religious rights and economic rights. Moreover, people of different religions can independently say their respective prayers going to mosque, church, temple or pagoda, and perform other religious activities. Every person can possess properties, establish organizations, support others financially etc. all these are some examples of economic rights. All citizens are equal in the eye of law and justice. But in many countries of the world including Bangladesh basic human rights are being violated brutally. And this type of crime is usually committed by the law-enforcing agencies, miscreants and politicians. Definitely they should be punished for violating fundamental human rights. So, some pragmatic measures should be adopted by the govt. as well as by all leading NGO’s to raise consciousness among all people through different mass media like radio, television, cinema, newspaper, poster, internet etc. for the overall betterment of all.

 

 

24. Price hike / Price Spiral

Price hike refers to an unusual increase in the price of the essential commodities in the market. When the price of daily necessary things goes up and out of general customer’s affordability in that time we address that situation as Price Hike. There are many reasons for the price hike which is considered one of the major problems in our country. Rapid growth of population, hoarding, black market, market syndicate, natural disasters, limited cultivable lands, shortage of commodities supply, money inflation, political turmoil etc. are the most common in them. Price hike has dreadful effect in our life and national economy. It causes untold sufferings to the poor and the middle class people. Many people cannot buy daily necessaries and remain half fed. As a result, they suffer from malnutrition. Alleviating price hike is a bit difficult. First of all, we have no control over natural calamities. What we can do is to save more than enough foods in the reserve, so that we don’t run into trouble if something unexpected is happened.  However, the government, the rich, and the business class people should come forward to ensure the proper distribution of commodities. Now we should research to overcome price hikes in the future. Govt. should take some effective steps such as creating monitoring cell, keeping strong to import product in crisis condition, motivating farmers to grow hi-breed crops etc. Money inflation, activities of black market, political unrest should be controlled. We need to increase production and stop importing things from other countries. If we focus on production, we will be able to create millions of job opportunities for jobless people. Mass media can also play a vital role to reduce this issue. Using the law properly can change the situation; otherwise, this problem can destroy the economy of a country.

 

 

25. Dowry System

Dowry means property or money brought by a bride to her husband when they get married. Nowadays the system of giving and taking dowry in marriage is more prevalent in Bangladesh. To eradicate this social evil, we should remain satisfied with mere laws and by-laws or enactment of some rules. Total change in the outlook of the society is the crying need at this moment. Young men and women must come forward to put an end to this disgraceful system. The political parties and government must match word with action. General inequality is a major cause of dowry. Improving women’s position in society would be an effective measure against dowry. The girl’s guardians must also be conscious about the issue. A girl should be brought up to be self-dependent. There is a tendency for the girl and the girl’s family to simply tolerate the oppression because of risk the marriage’s breaking up. The families must resort to legal action rather than encourage the girl to bear the oppression due to social shame and honour. Educated girls are also asked for dowry, but the poor illiterate girls have no alternative if abandoned by their husbands for dowry. Unfortunately, in the rural areas, the daughters of poor farmers often study and work in order to earn enough money to pay dowry. The activists of all spheres against dowry must keep these factors in mind to eradicate dowry effectively.

 

 

26. Greenhouse Effect

Greenhouse effect is the gradual warming of the air surrounding the earth as a result of heat being trapped by environment pollution. Most climatologists believe that the greenhouse effect is the likely cause of this global warming. This is exemplified by the destruction and burning down of tropical rain forests, by traffic that clogs up city streets, by the rapid growth of industry, the use of CFCs in packing and manufacturing commercial products, the use of detergents and so on. The oceans are also said to be affected both because of human waste and because of pollution caused by industrial waste products, oil seeping from damaged supertankers and from other maritime disasters. However, the main culprits for global warming are carbon di-oxide gas, produced by the burning of fossil fuels and forests, and pollutants such as methane and chlorofluorocarbons. Now a days global warming has made the environmentalists think about the dreadful consequences. Climatologists predict that midway through the next century; temperatures may have risen by as much as 4 C. This could catastrophically reduce mankind’s ability to grow food, destroy or severely damage wildlife and wilderness, raise sea levels and thereby flood coastal areas and farmland. The alarming news about Bangladesh is that as a result of the rise of the sea level, the lower southern part of the country may one day go under water. Tree plantation program should be adopted soon. Steps should be taken to put on end to the causes and sources emitting carbon dioxide. These are the measures we can take with a view to preventing global warming.

 

 

27. Earthquake

Earthquake is the tremor caused either by volcanic eruptions or by sudden dislocation in the rock structure underneath. That Bangladesh lies in the active earthquake zone is not unknown to Bangladeshis. There are two schools of experts regarding earthquakes. One school comprising of engineers and geologists is of the view that the recurrence of quakes in recent years should be taken as a signal for a major earthquake. Another school comprising of similar categories of experts, however, believes that the concern should not be amplified, because although there are a number of fault lines in the geographical area comprising Bangladesh, none of them is active enough to pose a major threat. Yet none of the schools rules out the possibility of a major quake and the dangers that might be associated with it. An earthquake causes unaccountable damage, and sometimes heavy destruction of life and property. During an earthquake, it is unsafe to remain inside a multi-storied house. It is better for the inmates of houses to come out in the open at the time of an earthquake. In Japan, an earthquake is a common phenomenon. It takes place frequently than in other coun­tries in the world. In Bangladesh, earthquake is, however, felt from time to time in mild form in different parts of the country. Alarmed by the recurrence of quakes during recent years, experts have called for the development of an earthquake resistant building code that all buildings should follow as mandatory to reduce the losses.

 

 

28. Role of Media

In general, “media” refers to various means of communication channels through which news, entertainment, education, data, or promotional messages are disseminated. Media includes every broadcasting and narrowcasting medium such as newspapers, magazines, TV, radio, billboards, direct mail, telephone, fax, and internet. In the world of today, media has become as necessary as food and clothing. It has played significant as well as influential role in strengthening the society and making the world a global village. Media is considered as “mirror” of the modern society. The purpose of the media is to inform people about current, new affairs and to tell about the latest gossip and fashion. It also helps to form opinions and make judgements regarding various issues. It has become one way of trading and marketing of products and prejudices. It keeps people updated and informed about what is happening around them and the world. Media can be considered as “watch dog” of political democracy. It serves to reduce the communication gap between the audience, viewers and the media world. For the sake of publicity and selling, important figures, their lifestyles are usually targeted. But unfortunately, media these days has become a commercialized sector. Media has had a bad effect on a generation, mainly because, teenagers and children are strongly influenced by media. The media affects people’s perspective. I believe, if the media identifies its responsibility and work sincerely and honestly, and then it can serve as a great force in building the nation.

 

 

 

29. My Homeland

Bangladesh, a vibrant nation in South Asia, is my beloved homeland. Situated at the delta of the Ganges and Brahmaputra rivers, this picturesque country is known for its natural beauty, rich history, and warm-hearted people. With a population of over 160 million, Bangladesh is one of the most densely populated countries in the world, yet it has managed to preserve its cultural heritage and traditions. Bangladesh boasts a diverse landscape that encompasses lush green fields, serene rivers, and the mesmerizing Sundarbans, the world’s largest mangrove forest and a UNESCO World Heritage site. Its tropical climate and fertile soil make it an agricultural hub, producing a wide variety of crops such as rice, jute, tea, and fruits. The tranquil beauty of rural Bangladesh, with its vast paddy fields and traditional thatched-roofed houses, is a sight to behold. The history of Bangladesh is intertwined with struggles for independence and resilience. In 1971, Bangladesh emerged as an independent nation after a bloody liberation war, seeking to uphold the principles of democracy and justice. The language movement of 1952, which led to the recognition of Bengali as the national language, remains a symbol of cultural pride. Bangladeshis are known for their hospitality and warm nature. The people of this nation embrace their rich cultural heritage, celebrating festivals such as Pohela Boishakh (Bengali New Year), Eid-ul-Fitr, and Durga Puja with great enthusiasm. The traditional music, dance forms like the graceful Manipuri and energetic Baul, and vibrant handloom textiles like Jamdani and Muslin reflect the artistic brilliance of the  Bangladeshi people. While Bangladesh faces challenges such as poverty and climate change, the nation has made remarkable progress in various sectors. The booming ready-made garment industry, vibrant microfinance initiatives, and advancements in healthcare and education are testaments to Bangladesh’s resilience and determination. In conclusion, Bangladesh is a land of captivating beauty, rich history, and resilient people. Its diverse landscape, cultural heritage, and warm hospitality make it a remarkable place to call home. Despite the challenges it faces, Bangladesh continues to move forward, embracing progress while staying connected to its roots.

 

 

30. Social Network Services

A social networking service is an online service provided to the public for social interaction between families, friends, and also for gaining new friends over the internet. The advantages of the Internet technology have made it possible to emerge a good number of web sites like Facebook, Google+, Twitter, LinkedIn, etc. These services make it possible to connect people sharing interests and activities across the borders. They have made a lot for the users to feel that they really live in a global village. Social networks are expanding so fast because one can make use of them free, paying a very little to one’s Internet service provider. Secondly, one can make one’s personal profile public before the entire online community. It is like presenting oneself before the entire world. One can also look into other people’s profile if one is interested. It is simple and easy. Thirdly, social networks allow users to upload pictures, multimedia contents and modify the profile. Some like Facebook allow users to update their profiles. Fourthly, networks allow users to post blog entries. User profiles have a section dedicated to comments from friends and other users. Finally, there are privacy protection measures too. A user himself or herself decides over the number of visitors/ viewers, and what information should be shared with others. In short, the social network connects people with each other over the internet, along with businesses, educational institutions, health, and religious organizations all over the world.

 

 

31. Digital Bangladesh

Digital Bangladesh means digitalizing Bangladesh by ensuring an ICT based society where information will be available on line. Here all the possible tasks of government or semi-government will be performed using digital technology. The motto of digital Bangladesh is to establish technology based digital governance, e-commerce, e-agriculture, e-production, e-education etc. The benefits of digital Bangladesh are many. If we can establish a digital Bangladesh, corruption will be reduced radically.  It will make people think globally and connect them with the whole world economically, socially, politically, academically and even culturally.  It will improve our banking and financial activities. Agriculture, health, education, commerce – all these sections will be highly benefited by making Bangladesh a digital one. To make our country digital first of all, uninterrupted power supply has to be ensured and we have to develop computer network skill and ensure equitable access. Finally, our education should be computer based and in primary and secondary schools’ students should get easy access to the computer.   Some products like software and TV programmes are also amenable to digital transmission. We will be able to buy and sell goods through the electronic screen if we can make a Digital Bangladesh. Undoubtedly, encouraging development towards digitalization of Bangladesh by 2021 can be possible. The ambitious dream for a Digital Bangladesh will remain a dream if the government cannot equip the people with the technology needed for establishing the digital era.

 

 

32. Different Forms of Entertainment

Entertainment is an action‚ event or activity that aims to amuse and interest an audience of one or more people. It is the audience that turns a private recreation or leisure activity into entertainment.  Human beings cannot be compared to machines. The monotonous working hours of a hectic and busy life load their brains with tiredness and stress. So, they need something else besides their work to be energized or recharged. It refreshes them, at the same time it gives them a new life. There may be thousands types of pastimes all over the world. Many pastimes around the world are common to people no matter what their nationality or race. But some are not. However, whatever the country, one activity that is common to all is watching television. Most of the people of Bangladesh pass their leisure either playing in the field or gossiping in the rural areas. But in the urban sites there are a number of pastimes. Reading story books, collecting stamps, gardening, playing some indoor and outdoor games, reading for exams, listening to music, visiting relatives on weekends, attending music lessons, going to movies occasionally, helping parents with housework, going on a picnic with family or friends, walking in the park on holidays are the types that teenagers usually do in their leisure. Now a days going to different clubs or hotels has become teenage craze. Some people have selected walking, sightseeing, fishing, cooking etc as their leisure activities. The types of pastimes may vary from person to person according to their taste and culture. But the reason behind leisure is the same. The only reason is to have relaxation and pleasure.

 

 

33. The Most Important Pursuit of Life–Money or Happiness?

We live our life running after money, thinking it would give us a good life. This is the illusion most people believe. Whoever, believes that money buys happiness is wrong. We should not be narrow while thinking what is a good life, and at the same time, we should not dream too much. To have a good life does not mean you have to be the richest person on the planet. One of the keys for a good life is happiness. Happiness, that feeling that makes you forget everything and enjoy the moment. Being happy helps you live the moment to its fullest, forget about the past and its problems and the future with all its challenges. We all want to be happy, to be delighted and enjoy our time. Happiness is not related to material things; you can be the poorest person in this world and still be happy and think you have a good life. People think that drugs, sex, alcohol and money will make their life better. These stupid thoughts made people waste their life and regret what they have done. Ask anyone who is fresh out of college, or has recently taken up a job. Their primary focus will be money, and how to earn more of it. Fast forward to a time when the person is married, has a stable job, with a decent pay, though money is still very important in this person’s life, this person now has a want of something more important than money. Time to spend with family, time to see their children grow up, time to enjoy the luxuries their money can afford. Finally, when this person nears retirement, there is only one thing that is perhaps most important – peace of mind.

 

 

34. Uses and Abuses of Satellite Channels

Satellite TV Channels are television channels that broadcast programmes by means of satellite. The broadcast programmes are received in STVR or Satellite Television Receiver which we call dish antenna. Bangladesh introduced satellite channels for the first time in 1992. Nowadays, Bangladeshi people can enjoy more than 100 satellite TV channels. Satellite TV Channels are satisfying people’s interest and demand for entertainment, knowledge and information very efficiently. They provide people with round-the-clock news service and keep them informed of the latest affairs happening around the globe. Various Channels like Discovery, National Geographic, Animal Planet etc. telecast reports on new discoveries, animal world, weather, agriculture, world heritage etc. Some channels show reports and analysis on financial activities around the world while some other telecast cultural programmes, movies, dramas, live sports etc. So, we see that satellite TV channels play a significant role in upgrading the standard of life. Satellite TV Channels leave some bad effects on the viewers, especially on the youngsters. Many satellite TV channels telecast obscene and vulgar films, dramas, music videos etc. which degrade the moral standard of our youngsters. Sensational murder and violence in films often make young people more aggressive. Many people consider satellite TV channels to be a cultural assault of the western countries on the developing countries. Satellite TV channels are the need of the time. Considering the possible bad influence Govt. should not close the access of satellite TV channels. In fact, the satellite TV itself is not responsible for its harmful effect. We have to be careful in using the satellite TV channels so that we can avoid harmful effects. In spite of having some demerits, we cannot but admit that satellite TV channels are the boons of modern science and technology. Therefore, we should take great care in handling this blessing of science. We should appreciate anything positive and constructive of these channels and carefully avoid anything harmful.

 

 

35. Uses and Abuses of Internet

The process of connecting two or more computers with cable or modem is known as internet. Internet is the only means of exchanging data through computer networking. It can be very easily accessible. To get necessary information, one just search it on Goggle if one has an internet connection. The Internet is replete with countless advantages. It has made possible man’s access to countless websites, information programs, scientific discoveries, global political, social, economic and cultural developments and happenings, libraries, entertainment and much more.  Internet plays an important role in the field of trade and commerce. Currently, e-commerce has become very popular all over the world. Because, anyone can buy anything online without visiting markets or shopping malls. It also plays an essential role education field as students can easily get necessary information through internet. However, the Internet has some setbacks too, which is a threat to the entire mankind. People, especially youngsters are getting addicted to the Internet and thus causing problems to their health. It is making this generation lazy. Internet hackers are on the rise, creating nuisance in the world of business and communication. There are a lot of thefts, frauds and unscrupulous businesses cropping up that are taking undue advantage of innocent people. Anti-social elements of society and cybercrime are also using the Internet against humanity. Although there are several advantages associated with the internet, we are also able to witness the horrendous disadvantages of the internet and its usage in all walks of life. It’s high time that we realize that technological advancements are like a double-edged sword and should be used wisely to live a quality life.