Bangladesh is already experiencing the adverse impacts of global warming and climate change. Summers are becoming hotter and the monsoon is irregular. There are untimely heavy rainfalls causing water logging and landslides. Among other impacts frequent floods, river crosión and crop damage due to drought, prolonged cold spells, salinity of water in the coastal areas etc. arc
Climate change has already started bringing disasters to Bangladesh. We remember the damage caused by the Aila in 2009. Climate change victims are increasing in number every day. The number of families and villages that lose their homes permanently to rivers every year is one of the highest in Bangladesh. An increasing number of people are suffering damage or loss to their property and some time life due to disasters caused by climate change. Following the climate change, the river bank and coastal erosion are increasing at an alarming rate. It is estimated that a 45-centimetre rise of sea-level will flood almost 10.9 percent of our territory and will make 5.5 million people of our coastal regions homeless.
বাংলাদেশ ইতিমধ্যেই গ্লোবাল ওয়ার্মিং এবং জলবায়ু পরিবর্তনের নেতিবাচক প্রভাব অনুভব করছে। গ্রীষ্মের দিনগুলো আরও উষ্ণ হয়ে যাচ্ছে এবং বর্ষা অনিয়মিত হচ্ছে। কখনও কখনও অসময়ে ভারী বৃষ্টি হয়, যা পানিবন্দী এবং ভূমিধস সৃষ্টি করে। এছাড়াও, প্রায়শই বন্যা, নদীভাঙন এবং খরায় ফসলের ক্ষতি ঘটে। উপকূলীয় অঞ্চলে জলর উত্তাপ ও লবণাক্ততা বাড়ছে, যা চাষাবাদ ও পানীয় জলের জন্য সমস্যা সৃষ্টি করছে।
জলবায়ু পরিবর্তন ইতিমধ্যেই বাংলাদেশে অনেক প্রাকৃতিক দুর্যোগ নিয়ে এসেছে। আমরা মনে করতে পারি ২০০৯ সালে ঘূর্ণিঝড় আইলা কী পরিমাণ ক্ষতি করেছে। প্রতিদিন জলবায়ু পরিবর্তনের কারণে ভুক্তভোগীর সংখ্যা বাড়ছে। প্রতি বছর অনেক পরিবার এবং গ্রাম নদীভাঙনের কারণে স্থায়ীভাবে তাদের বাড়ি হারাচ্ছে। মানুষ তাদের সম্পত্তি হারাচ্ছে, এবং কখনও কখনও জীবনও হারাচ্ছে।
জলবায়ু পরিবর্তনের কারণে নদীর তীর ও উপকূলীয় অঞ্চলের ক্ষয় দ্রুত বাড়ছে। বিজ্ঞানীরা জানিয়েছেন, যদি সমুদ্রপৃষ্ঠ ৪৫ সেন্টিমিটার বৃদ্ধি পায়, তবে বাংলাদেশ প্রায় ১০.৯% এলাকা জলমগ্ন হবে। এতে প্রায় ৫.৫ মিলিয়ন মানুষ উপকূলীয় অঞ্চলে গৃহহীন হয়ে পড়বে।
Vocabulary Table
Words/Phrases | Meaning | Synonyms | Antonyms |
Adverse impacts | প্রতিকূল প্রভাব | Negative effects, Detrimental consequences | Positive effects, Benefits, Advantages |
Global Warming | বৈশ্বিক উষ্ণায়ন | Planet heating, Climate change | Global cooling |
Climate Change | জলবায়ু পরিবর্তন | Global shift in weather, Environmental crisis | Climate stability |
Irregular | অনিয়মিত | Unpredictable, Erratic | Regular, Predictable, Consistent |
Untimely | অসময়োচিত | Unseasonal, Ill-timed | Timely, Seasonal, Opportune |
Water logging | জলাবদ্ধতা | Flooding, Inundation | Drainage, Dryness |
Landslides | ভূমিধস | Landslip, Mudslide | Stability, Firm ground |
Frequent | ঘন ঘন / নিয়মিত | Recurrent, Common | Infrequent, Rare, Occasional |
River erosion | নদীভাঙন | Bank erosion, Soil erosion | Accretion, Siltation, Land building |
Crop damage | ফসলের ক্ষতি | Harvest loss, Agricultural ruin | Bumper harvest, Crop yield |
Drought | খরা | Aridity, Water shortage | Flood, Downpour, Deluge |
Prolonged | দীর্ঘস্থায়ী | Extended, Lengthy | Short-lived, Brief, Temporary |
Salinity | লবণাক্ততা | Saltiness, Brininess | Freshness, Sweetness (of water) |
Coastal areas | উপকূলীয় অঞ্চল | Shoreline regions, Seaside zones | Inland areas, Hinterlands |
Disasters | দুর্যোগ | Catastrophes, Calamities | Blessings, Boons, Miracles |
Victims | শিকার | Sufferers, Casualties | Survivors, Beneficiaries |
Permanently | স্থায়ীভাবে | Forever, Irreversibly | Temporarily, Briefly |
Suffering | ভোগান্তি | Enduring, Bearing hardship | Thriving, Prospering, Enjoying |
Property | সম্পত্তি | Belongings, Assets, Possessions | – |
Alarming rate | উদ্বেগজনক হারে | A worrying pace, A frightening speed | A reassuring rate, A slow pace |
Estimated | অনুমান করা | Calculated, Predicted, Approximated | Confirmed, Known, Measured |
Sea-level rise | সমুদ্রপৃষ্ঠের উচ্চতা বৃদ্ধি | Ocean level increase | Sea-level fall |
Territory | অঞ্চল | Land, Domain, Region | – |
Homeless | গৃহহীন | Displaced, Roofless | Housed, Sheltered, Settled |
Caused by | দ্বারা সৃষ্ট | Triggered by, Resulting from | Prevented by, Unrelated to |
50 MCQs on Climate Change and Global Warming in Bangladesh
- What is Bangladesh already experiencing?
a) Cold winters
b) Adverse impacts of global warming and climate change
c) Earthquakes
d) Volcanic eruptions - How are summers changing in Bangladesh?
a) Becoming colder
b) Becoming hotter
c) Staying the same
d) Becoming rainy - What is happening to the monsoon in Bangladesh?
a) Regular
b) Irregular
c) Longer
d) Shorter - What do untimely heavy rainfalls cause?
a) Snowfall
b) Water logging and landslides
c) Drought
d) Fog - Which of these is an impact of climate change?
a) Frequent floods
b) River erosion
c) Crop damage
d) All of the above - What can cause crop damage in Bangladesh?
a) Drought
b) Frequent rains
c) River water
d) Fog - What happens in coastal areas due to climate change?
a) Salinity of water
b) Freshwater supply increases
c) Cooler temperatures
d) Less rainfall - Which disaster is remembered from 2009?
a) Cyclone Sidr
b) Flood of 2004
c) Cyclone Aila
d) Earthquake - What is increasing every day due to climate change?
a) Tourists
b) Climate change victims
c) River water
d) Monsoon rains - Which natural feature is causing homes to be lost permanently?
a) Mountains
b) Rivers
c) Forests
d) Roads - What is increasing at an alarming rate?
a) Forests
b) River bank and coastal erosion
c) Tourism
d) Roads - How many people could become homeless if the sea rises 45 cm?
a) 1 million
b) 2 million
c) 5.5 million
d) 10 million - What percent of Bangladesh territory could be flooded with a 45 cm rise in sea level?
a) 5%
b) 10.9%
c) 15%
d) 20% - What causes water logging in Bangladesh?
a) Heavy rainfalls
b) Droughts
c) Earthquakes
d) Snow - What type of floods are common in Bangladesh?
a) Flash floods
b) Seasonal floods
c) Both a and b
d) None - Which season is affected by climate change in Bangladesh?
a) Winter only
b) Summer only
c) Monsoon and summer
d) Autumn only - What is one result of river erosion?
a) Increased farmland
b) Homes are lost permanently
c) Roads improve
d) Forests grow - Which natural disaster is mentioned as a major concern?
a) Tornadoes
b) Floods
c) Volcanic eruptions
d) Snowstorms - How does climate change affect crops?
a) Better yield
b) Damage due to drought and floods
c) Faster growth
d) No effect - What happens to riverbanks due to climate change?
a) They become stronger
b) They erode at an alarming rate
c) They grow wider
d) They dry up - How does climate change affect human life in Bangladesh?
a) Reduces population
b) Causes property and life loss
c) Improves health
d) Brings wealth - What causes prolonged cold spells in Bangladesh?
a) Global warming
b) Climate change
c) Monsoon rains
d) Solar eclipse - Which areas are most affected by salinity of water?
a) Mountain areas
b) Coastal areas
c) City areas
d) Northern areas - Which natural disaster caused damage in 2009?
a) Earthquake
b) Cyclone Aila
c) Flood of 2010
d) Drought - What is the main cause of rising sea levels?
a) Climate change
b) Deforestation
c) Tourism
d) Agriculture - Which is an effect of heavy rainfalls?
a) Water logging
b) Crop growth
c) Freshwater supply
d) Cooler summers - What type of disasters are increasing in Bangladesh?
a) Man-made disasters
b) Climate-related disasters
c) Earthquakes
d) Volcanic eruptions - Why do people lose their homes permanently?
a) River erosion
b) Cyclone winds
c) Earthquakes
d) Snowstorms - How does climate change affect property?
a) Improves property value
b) Causes damage or loss
c) Reduces costs
d) Increases safety - How many families are affected every year by rivers?
a) Few families
b) One of the highest numbers in Bangladesh
c) Only coastal families
d) No families - Which natural disaster is caused by irregular monsoons?
a) Floods
b) Earthquakes
c) Volcanic eruptions
d) Tsunamis - Which region will face severe homelessness due to rising sea levels?
a) Northern hills
b) Coastal regions
c) Cities
d) Inland villages - What is one long-term impact of climate change in Bangladesh?
a) Tourism growth
b) Permanent loss of homes
c) More farmland
d) Cooler summers - Which natural disaster can destroy crops?
a) Cyclone
b) Drought
c) Flood
d) All of the above - How are summers changing in Bangladesh?
a) Cooler
b) Hotter
c) Same temperature
d) Rainy - What is one of the major environmental problems in Bangladesh?
a) River and coastal erosion
b) Air pollution only
c) Soil erosion only
d) Earthquakes - Which natural feature causes permanent displacement?
a) Rivers
b) Hills
c) Forests
d) Roads - How does climate change impact human life?
a) Provides more jobs
b) Causes property and life loss
c) Improves health
d) Makes life easier - What happened during Cyclone Aila in 2009?
a) It brought heavy rainfall and damage
b) It caused snowfall
c) It improved soil fertility
d) It had no effect - What is the main reason for flooding in Bangladesh?
a) Droughts
b) Heavy rainfall and rising rivers
c) Earthquakes
d) Tsunamis - What is the effect of rising sea levels on coastal people?
a) Makes them richer
b) Causes homelessness
c) Improves fishing
d) Provides more land - What is the main environmental concern in Bangladesh?
a) Climate change and global warming
b) Volcanoes
c) Tornadoes only
d) Earthquakes - How does climate change affect agriculture?
a) Improves crop growth
b) Causes damage due to floods and drought
c) Reduces pests
d) No effect - Which disaster is caused by untimely heavy rainfalls?
a) Landslides
b) Snowstorm
c) Earthquake
d) Drought - What is increasing due to climate change along rivers?
a) Fish population
b) Riverbank erosion
c) Farmland
d) Tourism - Which year is mentioned for Cyclone Aila?
a) 2008
b) 2009
c) 2010
d) 2011 - How does climate change affect property?
a) Improves buildings
b) Causes damage or loss
c) Reduces repair costs
d) Improves safety - Which type of rainfall is dangerous in Bangladesh?
a) Light rainfall
b) Untimely heavy rainfall
c) Normal rainfall
d) Winter rainfall - What percentage of Bangladesh territory could be flooded with 45 cm sea rise?
a) 5%
b) 10.9%
c) 15%
d) 20% - How many people in coastal regions could become homeless with sea-level rise?
a) 2 million
b) 3.5 million
c) 5.5 million
d) 7 million
Here are the answers to the 50 MCQs on climate change and global warming in Bangladesh:
- b) Adverse impacts of global warming and climate change
- b) Becoming hotter
- b) Irregular
- b) Water logging and landslides
- d) All of the above
- a) Drought
- a) Salinity of water
- c) Cyclone Aila
- b) Climate change victims
- b) Rivers
- b) River bank and coastal erosion
- c) 5.5 million
- b) 10.9%
- a) Heavy rainfalls
- c) Both a and b
- c) Monsoon and summer
- b) Homes are lost permanently
- b) Floods
- b) Damage due to drought and floods
- b) They erode at an alarming rate
- b) Causes property and life loss
- b) Climate change
- b) Coastal areas
- b) Cyclone Aila
- a) Climate change
- a) Water logging
- b) Climate-related disasters
- a) River erosion
- b) Causes damage or loss
- b) One of the highest numbers in Bangladesh
- a) Floods
- b) Coastal regions
- b) Permanent loss of homes
- d) All of the above
- b) Hotter
- a) River and coastal erosion
- a) Rivers
- b) Causes property and life loss
- a) It brought heavy rainfall and damage
- b) Heavy rainfall and rising rivers
- b) Causes homelessness
- a) Climate change and global warming
- b) Causes damage due to floods and drought
- a) Landslides
- b) Riverbank erosion
- b) 2009
- b) Causes damage or loss
- b) Untimely heavy rainfall
- b) 10.9%
- c) 5.5 million
30 WH Questions
- What is Bangladesh already experiencing due to global warming?
- How are summers changing in Bangladesh?
- What is happening to the monsoon season in Bangladesh?
- What do untimely heavy rainfalls cause in Bangladesh?
- Which natural disasters are becoming more frequent due to climate change?
- What can cause crop damage in Bangladesh?
- How is water salinity affecting coastal areas?
- Which cyclone caused major damage in 2009?
- Who are increasing in number every day due to climate change?
- Why do many families lose their homes permanently every year?
- What is increasing at an alarming rate along rivers and coasts?
- How much of Bangladesh’s territory could be flooded with a 45 cm rise in sea level?
- How many people could become homeless in coastal regions with a 45 cm sea-level rise?
- What is one effect of untimely heavy rainfalls on the environment?
- What types of floods occur in Bangladesh due to climate change?
- Which season is most affected by rising temperatures and irregular rainfall?
- How does river erosion impact human settlements?
- Which natural disaster is a major threat in Bangladesh besides floods?
- How does climate change affect crops and agriculture?
- What happens to riverbanks due to climate change?
- How does climate change impact human life in Bangladesh?
- Which weather phenomenon causes prolonged cold spells?
- Which areas are most affected by water salinity?
- When did Cyclone Aila occur?
- What is the main reason for rising sea levels in Bangladesh?
- What happens to farmland during heavy rainfall and floods?
- Which disasters are increasing in Bangladesh due to climate change?
- Why do people lose property and sometimes life during disasters?
- How does rising sea level threaten coastal communities?
- Who is most affected by climate change in Bangladesh?
Answers:
- Bangladesh is already facing the harmful effects of global warming and climate change. Summers are hotter, and weather patterns have become irregular.
- Summers in Bangladesh are becoming hotter than before. This makes people and crops suffer from heat.
- The monsoon season has become irregular. Sometimes it rains too much, and sometimes it rains very little.
- Untimely heavy rainfalls cause water logging and landslides. They also damage homes and roads.
- Frequent floods, river erosion, and droughts are becoming more common. These are all caused by climate change.
- Crops are damaged due to floods, droughts, and irregular rains. This affects farmers and food supply.
- Water salinity in coastal areas makes land and water unsuitable for farming. It also affects drinking water.
- Cyclone Aila caused major damage in 2009. It destroyed homes, crops, and infrastructure.
- The number of climate change victims is increasing every day. More people are losing their homes and property.
- Many families lose their homes permanently due to river erosion. Rivers slowly eat away the land where people live.
- Riverbank and coastal erosion are increasing at an alarming rate. This threatens villages, farmland, and homes.
- A 45 cm rise in sea level could flood almost 10.9 percent of Bangladesh’s land. This would destroy homes and crops.
- About 5.5 million people in coastal areas could become homeless due to rising sea levels. This is a serious threat to their lives.
- Untimely heavy rainfall causes water logging and landslides. It also destroys crops and roads.
- Bangladesh experiences seasonal floods and flash floods due to climate change. Both types of floods cause damage to homes and crops.
- The summer and monsoon seasons are most affected by climate change. High temperatures and irregular rainfall harm people and agriculture.
- River erosion destroys homes and farmland. People living near rivers often lose everything.
- Cyclones and floods are major natural disasters in Bangladesh. They destroy property and sometimes take lives.
- Climate change damages crops through floods, droughts, and irregular rainfall. This reduces food production and affects farmers.
- Riverbanks erode quickly because of rising water and floods. This destroys villages and farmland near rivers.
- Human life is affected because people lose homes, property, and sometimes lives. Climate change also makes daily life harder.
- Prolonged cold spells happen due to climate changes in weather patterns. They affect health and agriculture.
- Coastal areas are most affected by water salinity. It makes farming and drinking water difficult.
- Cyclone Aila occurred in 2009. It caused widespread damage to coastal regions.
- Rising sea levels are mainly caused by global warming and climate change. Melting glaciers and higher temperatures increase water levels.
- Heavy rainfall and floods destroy farmland. Crops get washed away, and farmers lose income.
- Floods, droughts, and river erosion are increasing because of climate change. They make life harder for many people.
- People lose property and sometimes life due to floods, cyclones, and river erosion. Disasters caused by climate change are very dangerous.
- Rising sea levels threaten coastal communities with flooding. Many people may have to leave their homes.
- Coastal residents and farmers are most affected by climate change in Bangladesh. They lose homes, crops, and livelihoods.