Read the passage and answer the following questions. [ Unit-06, Lesson-1 (B)]
The famous Greek philosopher Aristotle said, ‘Man is by nature a social animal.’ What he meantwas that man, by instinct, seeks company of others and establishes relationships, much like mostanimals of the wild, for companionship and for physical and emotional support. Unlike theanimals however, man’s relationships give meaning to his existence and inspires him to do well ineducation, in workplace or in a profession that he pursues.Relationships are of different kinds. Some are familial and intimate, formed by blood and bymarriage; some are social like the ones we have with friends and some are made in school wherewe form close bonds with classmates and teachers. Relationships can also be fostered inworkplace, which may quickly change from professional to social. There are relationships also between human beings and animals, between children and their toys that they cannot part with.All these relationships keep us close to each other and provide us all kinds of support, love andaffection. A person who has no family feels the pain of loneliness and isolation. There is no oneto laugh or cry with him/her. When we share our joy with someone, it simply redoubles, and wewhen we suffer a loss and someone shares our sorrow, it lessens. Relationships are thus neededfor our emotional health.To build relationships, we need to have trust and respect for each other, and love where this isneeded. We cannot be selfish and possessive if we want to establish an effective relationship. Butquite often we see people quarrelling and fighting with each other which only brings misery andloss to all.
Bengali Translation
বিখ্যাত গ্রিক দার্শনিক অ্যারিস্টটল বলেছিলেন, ‘মানুষ তার স্বভাবগত ভাবে সামাজিক প্রাণী।‘ তিনি যা বোঝাতে চেয়েছিলেন তা হলো, মানুষ প্রকৃতিগতভাবে অন্যদের সঙ্গ খোঁজে এবং সম্পর্ক গড়ে তোলে, ঠিক যেমন বন্য প্রাণীদের মধ্যে দেখা যায়, সঙ্গীতা ও শারীরিক এবং মানসিক সহায়তার জন্য। তবে, প্রাণীদের বিপরীতে, মানুষের সম্পর্ক তার অস্তিত্বকে অর্থবহ করে এবং তাকে শিক্ষা, কর্মস্থল বা যে পেশা সে অনুসরণ করে তাতে ভাল করতে অনুপ্রাণিত করে। সম্পর্ক বিভিন্ন ধরনের হয়। কিছু রক্ত এবং বিবাহ দ্বারা গঠিত পারিবারিক এবং অন্তরঙ্গ; কিছু সামাজিক, যেমন আমরা বন্ধুদের সাথে রাখি এবং কিছু স্কুলে তৈরি হয় যেখানে আমরা সহপাঠী এবং শিক্ষকদের সাথে ঘনিষ্ঠ বন্ধন গড়ে তুলি। সম্পর্ক কর্মস্থলেও লালিত হতে পারে, যা দ্রুত পেশাদার থেকে সামাজিক সম্পর্ক হয়ে উঠতে পারে। মানুষের এবং প্রাণীদের মধ্যে, বাচ্চাদের এবং তাদের খেলনার মধ্যেও সম্পর্ক আছে যা তারা ছাড়তে পারে না। এইসব সম্পর্ক আমাদের একে অপরের কাছাকাছি রাখে এবং আমাদের সব ধরনের সহায়তা, ভালবাসা এবং স্নেহ প্রদান করে। যার কোনো পরিবার নেই সে একাকীত্ব এবং বিচ্ছিন্নতার যন্ত্রণা অনুভব করে। তার সাথে হাসা বা কাঁদার কেউ নেই। যখন আমরা আমাদের আনন্দ কারো সাথে ভাগ করি, এটি কেবল দ্বিগুণ হয়, এবং যখন আমরা একটি ক্ষতির সম্মুখীন হই এবং কেউ আমাদের দুঃখ ভাগ করে, এটি হ্রাস পায়। আমাদের মানসিক স্বাস্থ্য বজায় রাখতে সম্পর্ক প্রয়োজন। সম্পর্ক গড়তে, আমাদের একে অপরের প্রতি বিশ্বাস এবং সম্মান থাকতে হবে, এবং যেখানে প্রয়োজন সেখানে ভালবাসা। আমরা যদি কার্যকর সম্পর্ক গড়তে চাই তবে আমরা স্বার্থপর এবং দখলদার হতে পারি না। কিন্তু প্রায়শই আমরা দেখি মানুষ একে অপরের সাথে ঝগড়া এবং মারামারি করছে যা শুধুমাত্র সবার জন্য দুঃখ এবং ক্ষতি নিয়ে আসে।
A. Choose the correct answer from the alternatives.
a. ‘Man is by nature a social animal’ indicates that –––.
(i) man is force to live in society(ii) naturally, man cannot go against society
(iii) man has a predisposition to from a communal bond(iv) unlike animals, man forms society
b.Intimate bonds are formed through –––.
(i) nuptial arrangement (ii) community support(iii) professional relationships (iv) familial relationships
c.The word ‘isolation’ means –––.(i) connection (ii) confinement (iii) separation (iv) bond
d.The word ‘lessen’ mentioned in the passage means –––.(i) serve (ii) mitigate (iii) mention (iv) impress
e. What does not the author emphasise?
(i) highlighting human instincts of companions (ii) focusing on soundness of the psyche
(iii) merits of loneliness and isolation (iv) harmony achieved through mutual bond
f.Without proper relationship, there is, indeed, –––.
(i) a crisis of existentialism (ii) emotional support(iii) mental support (iv) all of the above
g. Emotional health is a/an –––.(i) abstraction (ii) triviality (iii) concreteness (iv) discretion
h. The wild animals also need–––.(i) food (ii) house (iii) company (iv) occupation
i.Man establishes relationships for physical and emotional–––.(i) health (ii) help (iii) treatment
j.Man’s relationship is related to his –––.(i) enmity (ii) antipathy (iii) entity (iv) humanity
k.What does a man pursue?(i) wealth (ii) knowledge (iii) health (iv) relationship
l.Relation to each other ––– a man to do well in life.(i) proves (ii) hinders (iii) unites (iv) encourages
m.Which one is an effect of social segregation?
(i) mental comfort (ii) emotional estrangement(iii) physical pleasure (iv) material gains
n.Marriage is a key ––– relationship.(i) for (ii) in (iii) to (iv) by
o.We develop––– relationship in school.(i) familial (ii) professional (iii) educational (iv) social
p.We also ––– our relationship in workplace.(i) cheer (ii) nourish (iii) destroy (iv) repel
q.Where do we form close bonds with classmates and teachers?
(i) in workplace (ii) in family (iii) in factories (iv) in school
r.Who from relationship with toys?(i) boys (ii) girls (iii) children (iv) men
s.What keeps us close to each other?(i) society (ii) family (iii) livelihood (iv) relationship
t.What does the word ‘effective’ indicate?(i) useless (ii) compulsory (iii) relative (iv) fruitful
u.The word ‘philosopher’ is the text can be replaced by –––.(i) idealist (ii) physician (iii) thinker (iv) politician
v.The best synonym of ‘instinct’ is–––.(i) instance (ii) significance (iii) decent (iv) impulse
w.The correct meaning of ‘seek’ is–––.(i) search (ii) sip (iii) look after (iv) look around
x.The word ‘wild’ in the passage means –––.(i) fierce (ii) tame (iii) domestic (iv) pet
B. Answer the following questions.
a.Why does mental breakdown cause existential crisis?
b.Do you agree that sharing joys and sharing sorrows are the same thing? Justify your answer.
c.Why does man want to establish relationships with others?
d.How is man’s relationship different from those of other animals?
e.How can marriage make intimate relationship?
f.How does relationship help a man?
g.What types of relationship are there?
h.How is familial relationship formed?
i.What is the role of school in man’s relationship?
j. What do you understand by instinct?
k.Where can we nourish our relationship?
l.Why do human beings form relationship with animals?
m.How do children develop relationship with toys?
n.What do you understand by familial relationship?
o. What do you know about professional relationship?
p.How can we remain close to each other?
q.What do relationships provide for us?
r.How does an unmarried person suffer?
s.Who is lonely and isolated in our society?
t.What is the life of a man without family like?
u.How can we multiply our joy?
v.What happens when someone shares his/her sorrow?
w.How do relationships help our emotional health?
x.What do we need to build relationships?
y.Who cannot establish an effective relationship?
z.What is the result of quarrelling and fighting?
z1.Why is relationship very important?
z2. How do human beings get into various relationship?
z3.What are some of the preconditions of good relationship?
3. Read the above text and make a flow chart showing why we need to establish relationships. (one is done for you)
[The famous Greek Philosopher Aristotle said, ‘Man ………….. only brings misery and loss to all.]
1. For companionship
More Questions:
A. Read the above text and make a flow chart showing why we need to establish relationships.
i. Relationships provide love, care, and support
ii. Reduce loneliness and isolation
iii. Double happiness when shared
iv. Help manage sadness by sharing burdens
v. Maintain mental well-being through trust and respect
B. Make a flow chart explaining the role of trust and respect in building effective relationships.
i. Builds mutual understanding and cooperation
ii. Encourages open and honest communication
iii. Strengthens emotional bonds and connections
iv. Creates a sense of safety and reliability
v. Reduces conflicts and promotes harmony
C. Make a flow chart showing how relationships influence mental and emotional health.
i. Provide emotional support during challenging times
ii. Reduce feelings of loneliness and isolation
iii. Help share happiness, making it more meaningful
iv. Aid in managing stress and reducing emotional burdens
v. Foster a sense of belonging and purpose
D. Make a flow chart showing Identify and explain three ways in which relationships bring people closer, as mentioned in the passage.
i. Sharing joys doubles happiness
ii. Sharing grief reduces its intensity
iii. Providing love and care strengthens connections
iv. Offering mutual trust and respect builds closenessv. Encouraging collaborative growth in personal and professional settings